SCI论文翻译如何避免中式英语
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英文作文怎么不中式英文:When it comes to writing an English essay without Chinese influence, there are a few things to keep in mind. First and foremost, it's important to avoid direct translation from Chinese to English, as this often results in awkward phrasing and grammatical errors. Instead, try to think in English and express your ideas in a natural,fluent way.One way to do this is to immerse yourself in the English language as much as possible. This could involve reading English books, watching English movies or TV shows, or even speaking with native English speakers. By doing so, you'll become more familiar with the nuances of the language and be better able to express yourself in a way that sounds natural.Another important aspect of writing in English is topay attention to the tone and style of the language. English tends to be more direct and concise than Chinese, so it's important to avoid using overly flowery or complex language. Instead, try to use simple, straightforward language that gets your point across clearly and effectively.Ultimately, the key to writing an English essay without Chinese influence is to practice, practice, practice. The more you write in English, the more comfortable you'll become with the language and the easier it will be to express yourself in a clear and natural way.中文:要在英文作文中不带中式影响,需要注意几点。
sci写作常见的中式英语全文共四篇示例,供读者参考第一篇示例:SCI写作是科研工作者在学术期刊上发表论文的重要方式,而在SCI写作中,中式英语是一个常见的问题。
中式英语指的是中文思维习惯在翻译成英文时所导致的表达不够准确、流畅或地道。
在SCI写作中,使用中式英语会给读者留下不专业或不严谨的印象,甚至影响文章的质量和被引用率。
一、常见的中式英语表达1. 习惯用汉语的结构、词语或习惯翻译直译形式2. 单数和复数不搭配“researches”是错误的,正确应该是“research”,“informations”也是错误的,正确应该是“information”。
3. 没有正确使用英语的冠词4. 直译中文成语或俗语“Drop in the ocean”翻译成"大海捞针",实际上应该是"沧海一粟"。
5. 使用中文简化缩略语“不但...而且”(not only... but also)简写成"nonly... balso"是错误的,应该是"not only... but also"。
6. 使用不恰当的动词时态和语态“实验已经被完成”(The experiment has been completed.)错误地表达成“The experiment is completed.”。
7. 直接用中文词语替代英文表达“我们正在研究X光的应用”翻译成“We are studying the application of X-ray.”是不准确的,应该是“We are studying the application of X-ray.”二、如何避免中式英语1. 多练习阅读英文的学术论文,培养英文思维。
2. 多参加学术交流,与外国学者交流,提高英文表达能力。
3. 使用专业的语言工具,如Grammarly或百度网盘。
4. 请同行或老师帮忙校对,指正中式英语的错误。
论文翻译想要告别中式英语?我一直都在用这八大技巧...导读所谓中式英语,指的是中文中是正确的表达,但在英文中却是无法理解的。
而这种情况,也是SCI编辑最为厌弃的。
很多SCI编辑会将语言表达不合格的论文直接拒稿,所以,科研工作者要想顺利发表论文,就要提高论文的翻译水平。
翻译技巧其实有迹可循,今天分享八大翻译技巧,帮助大家提升翻译水平。
一、增译法(Amplification)二、减译法(Omission)三、词类转换法(Conversion)四、词序调整法(Inversion)五、倒置法(Insertion)六、正反译法(Negation)七、化断为整(Integration)八、英语中的特殊性一、增译法(Amplification)指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或'There be…'结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词,英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。
总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。
具体案例1、翻译实验步骤需补充主语或宾语,使句子完整。
2、SCI翻译中第一次出现,需要添加注释性解释。
汉译英中的中式英语及其规避策略关键词:中式英语;汉译英;负迁移;思维方式1 引言经济全球化背景下,中国掀起了“学英语”的热潮。
然而,中式英语阻碍了大部分英语学习者提高英语水平。
长期以来,国内外的学者都注意到了中式英语现象并做了大量研究提出了很多规避策略,但多是针对一般英语学习者,比如英语初级学习者的口语表达,写作或者中学教育方面。
这些策略对于专业的翻译学习者来说太过宽泛。
而在中国,很多英语学习者在上大学之前都很少接受翻译练习,尤其是汉译英练习。
因此,本篇论文主要关注汉译英练习中的中式英语并试图提出一些规避策略。
2 中式英语介绍2.1 中式英语的定义Joan Pinkham(1998)曾对中式英语下了一个比较全面的定义:Chinglish is a kind of abnormal English with Chinese characteristics,a hybrid language which can be interpreted as the English with the Chinese characteristics.(所谓中式英语就是那种畸形的,混合的,既非英语又非汉语的语言文字,也可称其为“具有汉语特色的英语”。
)张慧芬和徐雅琴(1989)认为,中式英语是人们在用目的语英语进行交际时,试图借助于母语的语音,结构,语义或者文化来表达思想,产生的一种语言负迁移的现象。
汪士彬(2006)认为,中式英语指的是由于受到母语干扰和汉语语言习惯的影响出现的一种违反英语语言习惯和文化的非正式英语。
2.2 中式英语的成因2.2.1 母语的负迁移关于母语对外语学习的影响,Robert Lado(1957)提出了比较分析假说,Selinker(1972)提出了中介语理论,还有学术界对语言和文化之间的关系进行的探讨。
北京外国语大学教授熊德鲵说过:“我总喜欢把英语学习比做一场围攻战。
被围攻的是你脑子里的母语,攻打这个堡垒的是英语大军。
SCI论文翻译如何避免中式英语?在拒稿的SCI论文中,语言表达问题是其中一个拒稿原因。
Wei xin hao:xm4514由于中文语言表达习惯,科研工作者在SCI论文翻译中常常无意识地出现中式英语,导致论文语言不合格。
那么,SCI论文翻译究竟该如何避免中式英语呢?一、中式英语中国式英语指在中文中是正确的表达,但在英文中却是无法理解的。
例如:许多生硬翻译的类型(Good good study,day day up.好好学习,天天向上);汉语直译的类型(“情人眼里出西施”不是“Xishi is in the eye of the beholder”,而是“Beauty is in the eye the beholder”)Chinglish(中国式英语)指的则是由中国特有的东西,是允许存在的。
例如,20世纪30年代逐字翻译的“Long time no see”(很久不见)已经进入英语的标准词组。
在变成英语新词的中式英语中很多是中国独有的词汇或概念。
如儒家思想(Confucianism)、四书(Four Books)、五经(Five Classics)、知识经济(knowledge economy)、和平崛起(peace fulrising)等。
因为海外对中国关注的持续升温,这些具有中国特色的词汇不断出现在海外各种媒体上,成为固定表达。
二、翻译技巧为了让SCI论文顺利发表,科研工作者在翻译SCI论文时,一定要注意避免中式英语。
那么,如何避免呢?可以从以下5点出发。
1、写作时态英语谓语动词时态共有16种,在英文科技论文中用得较为频繁的主要有三种:即一般现在时、一般过去时和将来时。
正确地使用动词时态是科研写作的基本功,我们在撰写英文论文时,如不能正确选用时态,常常会改变文章所要表达的意思,从而影响评审专家与读者的理解。
在科技论文中如何正确使用时态,首先应该把握以下三个基本要点:1)一般现在时:主要用于不受时间限制的客观存在事实的描述,或发生或存在于写论文之时的感觉、状态、关系等的描述或致谢的表述等。
科技论文英文摘要中的中式英语现象张煜【摘要】自然科学论文的英文的译写质量是决定论文能否被国际检索系统收录的重要因素。
采用抽样法选取几种国内权威科技期刊,对其中论文中英文中出现的中式英语现象进行系统的研究分析。
鉴于自然科学英译的精简、严谨、学术性的要求,指出自科论文英译的中式英语现象突出表现在思维模式,词汇,句式等方面。
由此可见只有透彻了解英汉语言在思维和形式上的多方面差异,提高英文语言文字功底,并选取适当的翻译策略才能有效规避中式英语问题,提高英文译写质量。
%The translation quality of English abstract innatural science papers play an important role in being includ-ed by international retrieval system. The paper selects several domestic authoritative journals by taking sampling methods,and conducts systematic analysis on the Chinglish phenomenonin the English abstract . The result shows that Chinglish phenomenon exists generally which influences the spread of academic ideas in the scientific papers a-round the world. It stands out in the following abstracts:thinking mode,vocabulary,and sentence pattern. Only by clarifying the difference between eastern and western cultures,promoting the language skill levelas well as choosing proper translational strategy can we promote the translation quality of English abstract.【期刊名称】《河北联合大学学报(社会科学版)》【年(卷),期】2014(000)004【总页数】5页(P102-106)【关键词】中式英语现象;英文摘要;科技论文;抽样法;实例分析【作者】张煜【作者单位】河北联合大学出版管理中心,河北唐山063009【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H315近年来,随着全球经济一体化的不断发展,国际各领域的学术文化交流也得到日益广泛和深入的发展。
英文写作中为什么要避免使用“中式英语”?中国考生在使用英语时,因受汉语思维方式或文化的影响而拼造出不符合英语表达习惯的,具有中国特征的英语。
这是中国人在学习英语过程中经常出现的问题,也是我们应该避免的问题。
下面前程百利就结合具体的例子为大家指出“中式英语”表达的不妥之处,希望对大家有所帮助。
1. 淡季生意不好做。
〔误〕It`s hard to do business in light seasons.〔正〕It`s hard to do business in slack seasons.注:“淡”在英语中往往不用light表示。
又如:“淡茶”(weak tea),“淡水”(fresh water)。
2. 该停机检查故障了。
〔误〕It is time that we stop the machine and find the trouble.〔正〕It is time we stopped the machine and found the trouble.注:it is time that…表示“是……的时候了”,其后的从句应采用过去时态,这是虚拟与其的要求。
3. 今天我要到叔叔加拜年。
〔误〕I`ll go to visit my uncle and say “Happy New Year” to him today.〔正〕I`ll pay a New Year call to my uncle today.注:“拜年”用英文怎么说一定难倒了好多人。
第一句译文不是不对,而是没有后一句好。
“拜年”还可以被说成wish sb. a Happy New Year,如:Auntie, we`ve come to wish you a Happy New Year(阿姨,我们来给您拜年了。
)4. 近几年我国的第三产业增长很快。
〔误〕For the latest couple of years the third industry in our country has been developing very fast.〔正〕For the latest couple of years the tertiary industry in our country has been developing very fast.注:“第一产业”是the primary industry,“第二产业”是the secondary industry,但“第三产业”不是the third industry,而是the tertiary industry。
中文式英文作文怎么解决英文,How to Avoid Chinglish in Writing?As a non-native English speaker, it is common to mix Chinese and English when writing. This phenomenon is known as Chinglish. To avoid Chinglish in writing, I have developed some strategies that have helped me improve my English writing skills.Firstly, I always read English materials to improve my vocabulary and grammar. Reading English books, articles,and newspapers has helped me learn new words and phrasesthat I can use in my writing. Additionally, I have also found it helpful to use online grammar and vocabulary tools, such as Grammarly and Thesaurus, to enhance my writing skills.Secondly, I try to think in English when writing. It is easy to translate Chinese sentences into English, but it is important to remember that the sentence structure andgrammar are different in English. Therefore, I try to think in English and write in English without translating every sentence from Chinese.Thirdly, I always ask for feedback from native English speakers. Feedback is essential to improve my writingskills. I often ask my English-speaking friends to reviewmy writing and provide suggestions for improvement.中文,如何避免中式英语?作为非英语母语的人,写作时混用中文和英文是很常见的现象,这种现象被称为中式英语。
翻译时如何避免中式英语?当你在根据中文翻译成英文时,你是否会觉得你的翻译写的很长,而且会多次出现相同的词。
那是因为翻译的是典型的中式英语。
同样,按照汉语的语言结构来翻译也是中式英语的一大特点。
接下来小编就跟大家分享一下如何避免翻译中出现中式英语。
汉语中会出现一些重复的信息,面对这些信息,我们能有以下处理方式:1.对重复信息进行省略,在结构相同的句子中,重复的谓语动词可以将其省略掉。
例如:竹子象征清逸,松柏象征长寿,莲花象征纯洁,兰花象征归隐。
参考译文:Bamboo represents elegance, pine longevity, lotus purity and orchid reclusion.原文中是四个平行句式,谓语动词相同,在译英时可以将后三个分句中重复使用的谓语动词省略。
2.用英语代词来代替汉语中重复出现的信息。
比如可以用the former、the latter、one、it等词来替代上文所提到过的信息。
例如:中国最重要的节日是新年,最热闹的节日也是新年。
参考译文:The most important festival in China is Spring Festival, which is also the most exciting.“新年”在原文中出现了两次,可以采取替代的方式,用关系代词which替代第二个“新年”,同时使用定语句。
“节日”在原文中也重复出现,第二个“节日”可以省略不译。
3.采用合并的方式,将同类项进行概括和信息提取。
例如中国文化认为有些颜色吉利,有些颜色不吉利。
参考译文:In Chinese culture, some colors are considered lucky and some unlucky.注解:“颜色”一词出现两次,汉译英时可省略第二个分句中的“颜色”。
要避免动词的过多使用,在汉语中往往有较多的分句,这就使动词有较高的频率出现。
拒绝sci写作中的中式英语English Answer:In scientific writing, it is essential to avoid the use of "Chinglish" (中式英语). Chinglish is a blend of English and Chinese that often results in awkward or incomprehensible sentences. For example, a researcher might write "The experiment was conducted in a timely manner", when they mean "The experiment was conducted in a timely fashion". Chinglish can also result in the misuse of prepositions, articles, and other grammatical structures.To avoid using Chinglish in scientific writing, it is important to:Use clear and concise language.Use proper grammar and punctuation.Avoid using slang or colloquialisms.Have your writing reviewed by a native English speaker.By following these guidelines, researchers can ensure that their scientific writing is clear, concise, and accurate.中文回答:在学术写作中,避免使用“中式英语”至关重要。
避免中国式英语的方法因为英语是我们的第二门语言,我们难免会把母语的思维方式代入进去,那么怎么避免中国式英语呢?下面是店铺给大家整理的如何避免中国式英语,供大家参阅!如何避免说出中国式英语现实生活中,不少英语学习者发现在交际过程中有时不能很好表达自己的思想或理解别人的情感,会说出闹不少笑话的Chinglish (中国式英语),怎样才能避免这种情况呢?以下几点供你参考。
一、了解西方国家的文化和风土人情并强调了解中西文化差异才能使交际有效如:Jack is a green hand at doing this work. (杰克做这种工作没有经验)这里“green hand”意思是“生手”、“没有经验”,而不是“绿色的手”之意。
England是个岛国,船是重要交通工具,为保养船只,常用与海水一样的绿色油漆来漆船。
一个不熟练的油漆工,工作时常会双手粘满油漆。
了解了这一背景,“green hand”之意就不一言自明。
二、学会在适当的环境中使用适当的语言语言环境在很大程度上制约着用词。
要注意在不同的语言环境中使用适合上下文的词,使思想连贯、内容完整。
如:Of course! 这一常用词组,“同学,今年过年你回家不?”“of course!%26quot;也许你这样回答似乎看来并没有问题,但老外会理解成“你这不是废话吗?我不回家干什么?”因为of course本来就有对方已经知道的意思。
三、学会判断交际时哪些语言形式可接受,哪些不可接受我们常会给对方提建议,提建议的目的是让别人接受我们的建议。
当然,对方是否接受取决于与对方的关系和建议的可行性,但是要避免使用带有命令口气的词语和方式。
如:“You must/should…”等,而用婉转语气,恰当的语言会在很大程度上影响对方接受建议与否。
如:“Why don't you…?”,“Why not…?”,“You'd better…。
”“Do you think…?”等。
英语作文如何摆脱中式英语The Pursuit of Authentic English: A Journey to Escape Chinese-Style EnglishAs a language learner, one of the greatest challenges I have faced is the persistent influence of my native language on my English proficiency. The phenomenon known as "Chinese-style English" has become a prevalent issue, not only among Chinese learners but also in various other non-native English-speaking communities. This hybrid form of English, characterized by the integration of native language structures and idiomatic expressions, can often hinder our ability to communicate effectively and authentically in the global language.The roots of Chinese-style English can be traced back to the fundamental differences between the Chinese and English languages. Mandarin Chinese, being a tonal language with a logographic writing system, has a vastly different grammatical structure and syntax compared to the subject-verb-object sentence structure of English. This disparity can lead to the direct translation of Chinese phrasesand expressions into English, resulting in a linguistic mismatch that can be confusing and challenging for native English speakers to comprehend.Furthermore, the educational system in many Chinese-speaking regions has traditionally emphasized the mastery of grammar rules and vocabulary acquisition over the development of practical communication skills. Students are often drilled on the intricacies of English grammar and sentence construction, with less emphasis placed on contextual usage, colloquial expressions, and natural conversational flow. This approach, while valuable in building a strong foundation, can inadvertently reinforce the tendency to rely on Chinese-influenced patterns when expressing oneself in English.To overcome the shackles of Chinese-style English and achieve a more authentic and fluent command of the language, learners must adopt a multifaceted approach that encompasses both linguistic and cultural aspects. Here are some key strategies that can help in this pursuit:1. Immersion in Authentic English Environments: Exposure to native English speakers and their natural speech patterns is crucial for developing a more natural and idiomatic command of the language. Seeking out opportunities to engage in conversations with native English speakers, whether in person or through online platforms, canhelp learners internalize the cadence, rhythm, and colloquialisms of the language. Additionally, consuming English-language media, such as movies, TV shows, podcasts, and literature, can further immerse learners in authentic linguistic contexts.2. Conscious Awareness of Language Differences: Developing a keen understanding of the structural and cultural differences between the Chinese and English languages is essential. By recognizing the unique features of each language, learners can consciously avoid the temptation to directly translate Chinese expressions into English. This awareness can also help them identify and rectify instances of Chinese-style English in their own speech and writing.3. Emphasis on Communicative Competence: Rather than solely focusing on grammatical accuracy, language learners should prioritize the development of communicative competence. This means shifting the emphasis from rote memorization of rules to the ability to convey meaning effectively in various social and professional contexts. Engaging in role-playing exercises, participating in group discussions, and seeking feedback from native speakers can all contribute to the enhancement of communicative skills.4. Embracing Cultural Nuances: Language and culture are inextricably linked, and a deep understanding of the cultural context of thetarget language can greatly improve one's ability to communicate authentically. Exploring the cultural norms, idioms, and social etiquette of the English-speaking world can help learners adapt their communication style and avoid cultural misunderstandings.5. Continuous Reflection and Self-Improvement: Achieving proficiency in any language is a lifelong journey, and the pursuit of authentic English is no exception. Learners should regularly reflect on their progress, identify areas for improvement, and actively seek out opportunities for growth. This may involve seeking feedback from language partners, engaging in self-assessment exercises, or participating in language-learning communities to share experiences and gain new insights.By embracing these strategies, language learners can gradually shed the shackles of Chinese-style English and develop a more natural, idiomatic, and culturally-appropriate command of the English language. The journey may be challenging, but the rewards of effective and authentic communication in the global lingua franca are invaluable.As we navigate the path towards linguistic excellence, let us remember that the true mastery of a language lies not only in the perfection of its grammar and vocabulary but also in the ability to convey our thoughts, emotions, and ideas in a manner that resonateswith our audience. By embracing the nuances of the English language and immersing ourselves in its cultural context, we can unlock the door to a world of limitless possibilities, where our words carry the weight of authenticity and our connections transcend linguistic barriers.。
SCI论文翻译的注意事项有什么?针对不同题材的文稿有不同的翻译标准,论文翻译是比较严谨的一种翻译类型,下面小编给大家分享论文翻译的注意事项有什么?注意“从一而终”所有的论文,在权威平台上发布的时候都必须译为英文文稿,中文与英文之间在语法、语言习惯方面存在较大差别。
其中汉语多用省略句,语言言简意赅,句式语法较为灵活;英文多用长句,讲究句式中的语法完整,在翻译过程中务必抓住精神实质,不可以不变应万变。
至于怎么应变,这就是显示译者功力的地方了。
注意望文生义,机械直译论文翻译中,汉语与英语在长期的独立发展过程中,不可能达到词汇之间完全的对应,翻译过程中难免遇到词汇之间的不对称现象,所以在翻译的过程中,要根据语境进行适当意译,以免望文生义,产生啼笑皆非的翻译注意“水土不符”,习惯搭配失当?中英之间的语法搭配存在较大差异,所以在翻译过程中不能一味按照一种语言的搭配方式来翻译,这的确是难度系数较大的问题,它要求论文翻译中译者既有较高的中文修养,又要有较高的英文造诣,一知半解的人常常在此“翻车”。
注意“愚忠”,不谙增减之道在论文翻译过程中,我们必须根据两种语言之间的特点,对论文进行适当增减,例如:中文多省略,所以在翻译成英文的过程中需要进行适当增添,进行解释,而英文翻译为中文时,如果一味忠实翻译,将使得文章过于冗杂,则需要适当删减。
注意语句重复这同样是由于论文翻译中两种语言的语法特点导致,汉语多重复,以强化语气;英语则要尽量避免重复。
注意主语暗淡论文翻译的主语是句子的灵魂,定住译文的主语的是关键的一步棋。
主语定偏了,整个句子将显得松散乏力,甚至会误导读者。
注意结构单调,组合生硬“拉郎配”由于汉英结构不同,表达方式迥异,“硬性翻译”不仅读起来别扭,而且会闹出笑话。
这就要求译者在翻译时灵活使用整合的技巧,将句子整合,凸显汉语中所隐含的层次,补充所缺失的成分。
有时要将简单句译成并列句,有时将并列句译成主从句。
论文题目:Analysis of How to Avoid Chinese-styleEnglishContents Abstract (1)Key Words (1)1. The Causes of Chinese-style English (2)1.1 The Root Causes of Chinese-style English (2)1.1.1Chinese is overall thought, English is individual thought (2)1.1.2 The Chinese are good at thinking at images, and westernersare good at logic and abstract thinking (3)1.2 The Direct Cause of Chinese-style En glish (4)1.3 Other Possible Causes of Chinese-style English (5)1.3.1 Culture (5)1.3.2 Pronunciation (5)1.3.3 Vocabulary (5)2. Countermeasures of Chinese Students to Stamp out Chinese-style English (6)2.1 Cultural background (6)2.2 Language environment (6)2.3 Listening (7)3. Public Attitudes towards Chinese-style English (7)3.1 Foreigner's attitude (7)3.2 Chinese people's attitude (8)3.3 My own attitude (8)4. Conclusion (8)5. Bibliography (9)Analysis of How to Avoid Chinese-style English Abstract: With the further development of China’s opening-up, more and more Chinese people join the ranks of learning English. And many problems in learning English also come up, especially the “Chinese-style English” phenomenon which has b ecome the important problem that people can’t ignore. The paper attempts to summarize and analyze the reasons for Chinese-style English, and talk about the public's attitude towards Chinese-style English, then put forward some personal views on how to avoid Chinese-style English.Key Words: Chinese-style English; way of thinking; cultural differences, countermeasures; attitude浅析如何杜绝中式英语摘要:随着中国对外开放的深入发展,越来越多的中国人加入到学习英语的行列中去。
在 SCI 写作中,常见的中式英语问题包括:
1. **直译中文词汇**:直接将中文词汇翻译成英文,如“好好学习,天天
向上”翻译为“Good good study, day day up”。
2. **动词使用不当**:过度使用“make”“do”等动词,例如“Make great efforts to…”“Do something…”。
3. **句子结构混乱**:按照中文的语序来组织句子,导致句子结构不清晰。
4. **冠词使用错误**:例如“in hospital”(在医院)而不是“in the hospital”。
5. **词性混用**:将中文中的形容词或副词直接用作英文的动词,如“面
临挑战”翻译为“face challenge”。
6. **语态问题**:过多使用被动语态,或者在应该使用被动语态时却使用了主动语态。
7. **名词复数问题**:忽略英语名词的复数形式。
8. **逻辑连接词使用不当**:例如使用“because…so…”这样的中文逻辑。
9. **冗余表达**:如“at the same time”和“simultaneously”同时使用。
10. **文化差异**:使用一些具有中国文化特色的表达方式,不符合英语
的习惯。
英语翻译技巧之如何避免中式英语英语翻译技巧之如何避免中式英语翻译家Peter Newmark指出:“He (one who writes or speaks in a foreign language) will be ‘caught’ out every time, not by grammar, which is probably suspiciously ‘better’ than an educated natives, not by his vocabulary, which may well be wider, but by his unacceptable or improbable collocations.”(讲或写外语的人,很容易被讲本族语的人识别出来,他们不是通过语法,因为其语法可能比一个受过教育的本族语人还要好;也不是通过单词,因为其词汇量可能很大;而是通过他所用的词汇搭配难以或者根本不可能为讲本族语的人所接受这一点而判断出来的)。
Newmark这里所说的,也就是汉译英译者最应该努力克服的中式英语。
曾在外专局工作多年的美国专家Joan Pinkham曾对中式英语下了一个比较全面的定义: “Chinglish, of course, is that misshapen, hybrid language that is neither English nor Chinese but that might be described as ‘English with Chinese characteristics’”.(所谓中式英语就是那种畸形的、混合的、既非英语又非汉语的语言文字,也可称其为“具有汉语特色的英语”)(Pinkham 2000:1-4)。
将“经济发达国家”译成“ the economically developed countries”,“一小撮捣乱分子” 译成“a tiny handful of troublemakers”都是我们常见的.典型的中式英语。
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。