Unit 6 Transportation and ShipmentRelated Information1. Ship StructureShips are the conveyances running at sea. There are large size and small size ships. However, their structures are almost the same. They are mainly composed of shell, frame, deck, holds and tanks, and the superstructure.2. Ship TypesThere are many types of ships that transport cargoes at sea. According to their use, the cargo ships can be divided into dry cargo ships and tankers.Dry Cargo ShipAccording to the loaded cargo, structure and components, dry cargo ships can be divided into such as follows:①General cargo shipGeneral cargo ships refer to the ships that run termly in the busy cargo transporting shipping lines and mainly transport grocery. The speed of these ships is fast.②Bulk cargo shipBulk cargo ships refer to the ships that transport bulk cargoes without packaging. According to the types of transported cargoes, bulk cargo ships can be divided into grain ships, colliers and ore ships.③Refrigerated shipRefrigerated ships refer to the special ships for transporting refrigerant cargoes that are perishable. There are refrigeration systems in the ships, and the temperature in the ship can be set to meet the requirements of cargoes in each floor.④Container shipContainer ships can be divided into partial container ships, complete or full container ships and variable or convertible container ships.⑤Roll on/roll off shipRolling loading ships are mainly for transporting cars and containers. Loading devices are not necessary for these ships. Usually, uncorked slope is installed on the side or in either end of the ship to join the ship to the dock. While loading and unloading cargoes, cars or trail cars can directly drive into or out of the ship cabins.Tanker①Oil Tanker is a cargo ship designed to carry crude oil in bulk②Liquefied natural gas carrier is a cargo ship designed specially to carry liquefied natural gas.3. Ship TonnageShip tonnage is the unit for calculating ship size, which can be divided into two classes: weight tonnage and dimension tonnage.Weight TonnageShip weight tonnage is the unit for calculating ship weight. 1,000 kilograms is used as 1metric ton, 2,240 pounds as 1 long ton, or 2,000 pounds as 1 short ton. Presently, the metric system is usually applied as the calculating unit. Ship weight tonnage can also be divided into two classes: displacement tonnage and dead weight tonnage.①Displacement tonnageDisplacement tonnage is the number of tons of water weight that a ship in the water displaces, which are also the tons of the ship weight.②Dead weight tonnage-D.W.T.D.W.T. sometimes termed deadweight carrying capacity, refers to the carrying capacity of a ship in transportation. It comprises the cargo, stores, ballast, fresh water, fuel oil, passengers, crew and their effects. It can be divided into two classes: gross D.W.T. and net D.W.T.Gross Dead Weight Tonnage:It refers to the maximum loaded weight that is restricted with the loaded line. It is the total of the weight of loaded cargoes, necessary fuel, freshwater and other spare material.Net Dead Weight Tonnage or Dead Weight Cargo Tonnage—D.W.C.T.:It refers to the maximum weight of loaded cargoes that a ship is capable of transporting. It is also called loaded cargo tonnage. It is the margin of the amount of necessary storage of fuel, freshwater and other spare material subtracted from the total of shipload.Registered TonnageRegistered tonnage is the unit used in ship registration in marine countries, which takes ton as the computing unit. One registered ton is equal to 100 cubic feet or 2.83 cubic meters. Ships’ dimension tonnage can also be divided into gross and net registered tonnage.①Gross registered tonnage (GRT)Also called gross dimension tonnage, it refers to the total inner space or volume of all closed sites in the spaces on board.②Net registered tonnage (NRT)Also called net dimension tonnage, it refers to the difference between the gross tonnage minus the amount of space that is not used for shipping cargoes. It is the equivalent cargo tonnage that the ship can be loaded.Lead-in1. ListeningPassage 11.A2.C3.BTape Script:In shipping goods abroad, the exporter has various alternative methods. These include ship, truck, rail, air and parcel post.The choice will depend on the nature of the product (light or heavy, fragile or sturdy, perishable or durable, high or low in value per cubic meter, etc), the distance to be shipped, available means of transportation, and relative freight costs.For goods having high weight or cubic capacity or value ratio, the usual method of shipping overseas is by ocean cargo vessel. However, when speed is essential, air cargo may be preferred, although more expensive. For example, ski jackets are shipped from Germany to Japan by sea but towards the end of the ski season, air cargo is used.Passage 21. C2. ATape Script:There are many factors that buyers shall take into consideration, they are:Quick. Because foreign buyers, in making a decision to purchase, will be taking into account the exporter’s delivery time. Fast delivery is obviously an important “competitive edge” for an exporter. Of course, the actual delivery date will depend on stock, production as well as shipping time.Carefully. Because the foreign buyer all wants to receive the goods intact. In this way, the exporter gains customer satisfaction and avoids trouble and expenses of filling insurance claims and reshapping all or part of the order.Economically. Because the freight cost can be a substantial part of the final export price. The lower the freight cost, the more competitive the export price quotation.2. Spot DictationPart 11. F2. T3. TTape Script:It is normally best to use ships to transport heavy or bulky goods and liquids. Here, reasonable speed and safety is combined with a relatively economical cost. In shipping your goods by sea, you can choose from different types of ocean shipping: Conference Lines, Non conference Lines, Trump Shipping Lines, or the National Flag Lines.Part 21. transport heavy or bulky goods and liquids2. reasonable speed and safety3. Conference Lines4. Trump Shipping Lines, or the National Flag LinesText ALanguage Study1. supply vt.①to provide,to offer 提供,供应◆We believe that you’ll supply us with 50 cases of Qingdao Beer at attractive price.◆We can supply these goods from stock.②n. goods supplied, providing 供应，供应品◆When new supplies come in, please inform us.◆The goods are in short supply.supplier n.供应商2. acknowledgevt. to admit 承认◆We acknowledge receipt of your letter of March 20.◆We acknowledge your letter of April 5.3. indicatevt. to show 显示, 指示,象征◆Information indicates that other competitors are selling similar goods at a price 10% lowerthan yours.◆Please cable us soon indicating all the terms.indication n.迹象，表明4. contractuala.契约的,合同规定的◆The contractual terms shall be abided by accordingly.◆The contractual trade volume in the first quarter between US and China is much higher thanthat of the same time last year.5. transfer①vi. & vt.to shift 转移◆The goods will be transferred to the destination.◆We may transfer the letter to our branch for their attention.②vi. to change in transit 中转◆You may transfer at the airport.③n. shifting, virement 转移,转账transferable a. 可转让的transferable L/C 可转让信用证6. forward①vt. to send, to transfer 发送,转寄◆We will forward the goods to the port of destination.◆Can you forward this letter to the person in charge?forwarding agent运输公司②ad. ahead 向前地◆We are looking forward to establishing direct business relations with you.7. carryvt.&vi. to ship, to transfer 运送,搬运◆We will carry the goods to the designated port.◆The goods are carried in cartons to stand long voyage.carrier n. 承运人;运输工具carriage n.运输,运输工具,运费on-carriage n. 运输过程8. exceedvt. to be more than... 超过, 比……多◆The supply exceeds demand, resulting in the declining price.◆We are prepared to allow you a special discount of 3%, if your order exceeds USD 5,000. excessive a.超过的,过分的,极度的excessive price 过高的价格excessive insurance 额外保险excessive demand 需求过剩9. notifyvt. to inform 通知◆When all the documents are ready, we will notify you.◆We will notify you of the time of delivery as soon as we make preparation.Notifying Bank 通知行notification n. 通知10. transhipvt. to change ship 转船,转运◆We can tranship the goods via Hongkong so that they may reach you in early time.◆If goods are transhipped at Hongkong, there is a possibility of pilferage.transhipment n.转运,转船◆L/C shall allow transhipment and partial shipments.11. Bill of lading is a document supplied to the exporter by the shipping company that istransporting the goods to their foreign destination, listing, item by item, the goods being shipped.supplied to the exporter by the shipping company和listing, item by item, the goods being shipped是并列定语,修饰document, that is transporting the goods to their foreign destination 修饰shipping company. 这句话的意思是航运提单是由承运货物到国外目的港的航运公司提供给出口商的单证，将装运货物逐一列出。
