Text 2: Family Business: the Next Generation
David Zaudtke Doug Ammerma
Introductions: In Chinese, there is a saying that it is by no means easy for a clan to remain its prosperity over three generations. It is not common for a clan to remain a very humble situation over three generations either. As success of a family business seems to be checked by many factors. In different generations, all the background leading to success or failure would change. In terms of the succession to a family business, success is decided by many factors. The authors of this text have pointed out four factors. Do you agree with the authors?）
1.America is in the midst of one of the greatest wealth transfers in the history of mankind. Over the next 20
years, an estimated $15trillion in assets will be transferred from one generation to the next.
2.
Much of this wealth transfer will be in the form of family-owned businesses. But the viability of many of these transfers is questionable. The fact is, most will fail. Typically, only one out of three businesses is successfully transferred to the second generation. Survival of a family business into the third generation is
a rare occurrence.
3.
Thousands of family businesses, some of the household names, will disappear over the next decade. The sad part is that many of them could survive with proper planning. For many, however, it may already be too late.
The proper time to start planning the succession of a family business is not one, not three, not even five years ahead. Indeed, a comprehensive succession plan, which includes sophisticated estate planning strategies, generally requires at least a 10-year horizon to be properly structured.
4.
Whether large or small, high-tech or low, public or private, every family-owned business is different. But regardless of how diverse they are, four key elements must be in place before a business can be successfully passed from one generation to another.
5.
Plan Your Succession Management
Owners / founders are extremely driven and dynamic. Often they excel at more than one skill. In many cases, production experts are also marketing geniuses or skilled financiers. Replacing them may require more than one person. Therefore, family business owners should determine exactly how the business functions by creating organizational charts. Each key member of the succession process should create his or her own chart. These charts should then be compared. The differences will point to gaps in the management structure and highlight areas of misunderstanding and differences in perception.
6.
Take Judy, for instance. Judy owns a software company and has three children ---a computer whiz, a racecar drive and one with a business degree but no interest in the company. In addition, Judy has a strong management team in plac e. In her case, she should consider giving ownership to children, but continuing to have the management team run the business.
7.
Finding people from within the family, or from outside, to fill those spots may not be easy, nor happen overnight. Therefore, it is vital to develop an action plan and timetable early in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of responsibilities.
8.
Few businesses, even family businesses, grow without the help of loyal employees. More often than not, they hold key positions in management. Therefore, you must keep your employees informed about long-range succession plans. Key managers must have a clear picture of where they stand and what their responsibilities will be in a succession-management structure. Develop a compensation and benefit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the family.
9.
There is also the matter of timing. The children you hope will take over may be too young or inexperienced when you retired. In such cases, transitional management teams may be formed to provide interim management until the children are properly trained and seasoned to be in a position to manage the business successfully.
10.
Define Family Employment Practices
Establish a clear employment policy for family members and stick to it. Most parents believe their children should be treated equally. Company executives, however, must be selected on ability. Selection should be made on the needs of the business rather than on the needs of the children.
11.
For example, Jim owns an electric company. He treats his three children equally---all three work for the company and receive the same salary. All three, however, do not work equal hours, nor are they all dedicated to the business. Instead of benefiting from the equality, there is discord and resentment in the company because only one child really works.
12.
Parents can pass on their legacy to their children without necessarily giving them control of a company.
When the children are not suited to take over the business-about 30 percent of the time-other methods can be found for them to share in the family wealth.
13.
However, if you do determine that a child will carry on the business, you should be sure your choice is capable. Ensure that he or she will receive the right education and business experience.
14.
Outside job experience is extremely useful for children who will one day assume control. Working outside the family business can give them valuable experience, expose them to differing management styles and give them the confidence to know that their successes are their own. Often they will receive better mentoring and more opportunities to take responsibility than they would in the family business. Proving themselves outside the family business also gives children greater credibility with employees when they do eventually take control of the family business.
15.
For those families that insist their children begin their careers at the family business, children should start at the level that their education and experience justify-even if it means sweeping floors, operating a machine on the factory floor, etc. The experience will be invaluable. In addition, working their way up from the bottom will increase their respect among employees and management. In our experience, children who develop in this manner are twice as likely to succeed than children who assume unearned executive positions.
16.Establish and Maintain Family Harmony
Rivalries and jealousies can be extremely time-consuming, not to mention destructive. Once children have grown, married and have children of their own, they are considered a separate family with different -and sometimes conflicting-ideas. If the business is large enough, consider seating an outside board of directors to
ensure that the interest of the family and business are properly balanced.
17.Develop a family business vision document to make certain family members-as well as employees, suppliers
and customers-understand the future of the company. Used family council meetings to communicate to all family members about the company and issues facing it now and in the future.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b34441133.html,panies and families that communicate often, honestly and on a timely basis increase their probability of
surviving and prospering.
19.Plan Your Estate
Poor estate planning has led to the demise of more family businesses than any other cause. In many of these cases, the liquidity needs caused by estate taxes due on the value of the family business are far greater than the business can absorb.
20.In most cases, life insurance may be an effective way to cover estate taxes. However, the cost of life
insurance for a business reinvesting most of its capital in growing the business usually makes the insurance an impractical solution for the entire estate-tax dilemma. In most cases, there is a need to utilize other planning techniques to minimize estate-tax costs.
21.
That was the case for a grocery store owner who spent all of his capital on expanding the business and not buying insurance. Unfortunately, he died after completion of the renovations. There was nothing left to pay estate taxes, so the family had to sell the business.
22.
With the help of your advisors, find ways to reduce or manage the transfer taxes. Again, it is important to start the process as early as possible.
23.
These are the four "must" elements. However, underlying all of them is a willingness to make difficult decisions and do what is best for the business and the family.
24.
Dealing with succession issues may cause you discomfort or even great pain. However, if not addressed early in the succession process, these very same issues will come up later when it may be impossible to deal with them. Remember, your ultimate goal is the survival of the company so that your children, employees and community continue to derive the benefits your company provides.
25.
The best way to assure the existence of the family business into future generations is to deal with issues in a comprehensive manner well before the final succession is to take place. For the overwhelming majority of family businesses, that means now.
Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:
1.Owners / founders are extremely driven and dynamic. || Often they excel at more than one skill.
In many cases, production experts are also marketing geniuses or skilled financiers. || Replacing them may require more than one person. || Therefore, family business owners should determine exactly how the business functions by creating organizational charts. || Each key member of the succession process should create his or her own chart. These charts should then be compared. || The differences will point to gaps in the management structure and highlight areas of
misunderstanding and differences in perception.
2. Few businesses, even family businesses, grow without the help of loyal employees .|| More often than not,
they hold key positions in management. || Therefore, you must keep your employees informed about long-range succession plans. || Key management must have a clear picture of where they stand and what their responsibilities will be in a succession-management structure. || Develop a compensation and benefit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the family.
Translate the following Chinese into English
1.他不但是位出色的银行家和公认的贸易专家，而且还是位经验丰富的企业主管。(not to mention)
2.意大利一个和平组织的志愿者不顾危险，已开赴伊拉克首都巴革达组成人体盾牌""body shield" ，以
阻止美国轰炸该地。(regardless of)
3.在这个家庭里，没有人比朱蒂更能致力于经营房地生意。(be dedicated to)
4.由于经济不景气，房地产经纪人正处于或降低房价或减少销售量的两难境地. (dilemma)
5.史密斯先生往往靠慎重投资而获取巨额利润。(more often than not)
6.约翰在学校里各门功课的成绩都不怎么样，但在体育方面倒是身手不凡。(excel at)
7.有条不紊的职责交接是家庭企业长期繁荣的一个条件。(transition; long range )
8.在制定投资计划之前，你最好对投资前景有个清楚的了解。(have a clear picture of )
9.尽管雕塑费时，但是仍有一些人以雕塑为职业。(time consuming)
10.这家电脑软件公司正处于从独资经营到合资经营的转化过程中。(in the midst of )
Questions:
Q1. What are the four suggestions do the authors give for a successful transfer of a family business?
Q2. The authors make three suggestions as to how to establish and miantain family harmony. What are the suggestions?
1. in the midst of = ( lit or archaic) in the middle of, in the course of e.g.: The country is in the midst of economic reform. / A little girl stood in the midst of her classmates, crying.
2. transfer vt. = give the ownership or control of sth to another; e.g.: The military government is refusing to transfer power to a democratically elected civilian government. // move sth from one place to another e.g.: It took two trips to transfer all Lillian's furniture to her new flat. // move officially from one job to another: e.g.: The manager has decided to transfer me to a new post in Shenzhen Development Zone. // change from one vehicle to another: e.g.: To get there you can transfer from the No. 2 trolley bus to the subway. // transfer n. = handing over the possession or control of sth/ the move of sth from one place to another; the act of moving from one job to another e.g.: the transfer of family business / the transfer of the ship's cargo onto the pier / transfer fee转会费// c.f.: transference = transferring or being transferred, e.g.: the transference of heat from one body to another
3 trillion: = one million million 兆，万亿
4. asset n. [pl.] sth or sb that is valuable because they help to succeed 财富，资产e.g.: asset to
sb/sth: An outgoing personality is a definite asset to a salesman. / Good health is a great asset. / His asset included shares in the company and a house in Guangzhou. // c.f.: liabilities = debts or financial obligations 债务
5. viability n. [U] = workability 可实施性,e.g.: The executive directors are currently investigating the viability of the proposal you have put forth. // viable adj. that can be done and will succeed 切实可行的 e.g.: We are in favour of the program, but we want strong assurance that it is viable. ||c.f.: feasibility 可行性；practicality 实际性
6. questionable adj. doubtful and uncertain e.g.: The conclusion of the survey is questionable because the research was based on a very small sample of people. // c.f.: problematic
7. Survival of a family business into the third generation is a rare occurrence. This sentence means: It is not common that a family business can survive long enough to be transferred to the third generation. // survive v. continue to live or exist in spite of accidents, illness or difficulties / survival n. // occurrence: = event, incident, happening e.g.: Robbery is now an everyday occurrence.
8. succession [U] n. = 1. taking one's place, coming after sb/ sth 继任，继承(头衔、王位、财产) e.g.: Who is in succession to the throne? / Who succeeded Churchill? // succession n. [U,C]= 2. number of things or people coming one after the other in time or order 一连串的、接二连的：e.g. a succession of wet days, defeat, poor leaders // in succession e.g.: three championships in succession // c.f.: successive adj. The school has won five successive games. || c.f.: legacy 遗产（money or property that you receive from someone after they die || heritage (文化）遗产(important qualities, customs, and traditions that have been in a society for a long time)
9. Indeed, a comprehensive succession plan, which includes sophisticated estate planning strategies, generally requires at least a 10-year horizon to be properly structured. This sentence means: Actually owners need to form an overall 10-year future plan for succession, which includes complex and careful planning strategies. // comprehensive = entire, through // sophisticated means very advanced, and more cleverly designed or skillfully made than other thins of the same type; having a lot of knowledge and experience of clever, fashionable thins and showing this by the way one talks and behaves, have lost natural simplicity 高度发展的、尖端的、老练的、富有有经验的、世故的e.g.: sophisticated electronic equipment, a sophisticated businessman // horizon n. = knowledge, experience, interest 眼界、见识e.g.: a woman of narrow horizons / Travel can broaden one’s horizon.
10. large or small, high-tech or low, public or private: Pay attention to the use of parallelism, which enforces the emphasis.
11. Regardless of how diverse they are, four key elements must be in place = But no matter how different they are, four key elements must be functioning. // regardless of = in spite of , e.g.: A true professional can work with anyone regardless of age, race, or color. // diverse adj. = different, various 不同的，多种多样的: All the members of the team come from totally diverse backgrounds. / diverse culture // c.f.: diversity n. e.g.: a wide diversity of opinion 众说纷纭的看法// diversify vt. e.g.: We must diversify our syllabus to attract students. diversify into sth 兼营:Some publishers are now diversifying into software.
12. Owners / founders are extremely driven and dynamic. Often they excel at more than one skill. It sentence means: Owners / founders are highly motivated and exceedingly energetic. They are often very good at quite a few skills. // driven = energetic有魄力的，有干劲的c.f.: drive n. e.g.: Our sales people need determination and drive. // dynamic = energetic and forceful 精力充沛的// excel vi. excel at/in sth = be very good at sth e.g.: She excels at learning foreign languages and can speak English, Japanese and Russian. // excel oneself胜过以往Her meals are always very good, but this time she has excelled herself.
13. marketing geniuses = people who have great aptitude or talent for selling
14 organizational charts = charts that illustrate the administrative and functional structure of a business
15. highlight areas of misunderstanding and differences in perception = draw attention to the areas where misunderstanding differences in perception exist // highlight vt. = emphasize, stress, n. = the most interesting and most exciting part of something 最精彩的部份c.f.: highlighter (作记号用的）亮光笔// perception = the ability to hear, see, or understand 认知能力 e.g.: We must study to improve our power of perception. // c.f.: perceptible可觉察到的、看得出的// perceptive adj. = quick to notice and understand things 观察敏锐的、善于理解的、富有见解的: a perceptive analysis, comment, judgment.
16. whiz = a person having great skill or ability in some particular activity of field.
17.Judy has a strong management team in place. = Judy has a strong management team run the business for her.
18. fill those spots = work in those positions
19. in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of responsibilities = In order to enable the transfer of responsibilities to proceed systematically and smoothly // in the process = in the course of action // allow for sth/ sb 在计算、估计、考虑时把某人或某事加以考虑= permit e.g.: The journey usually takes six weeks but you should allow for delays caused by caused by bad weather. // allow sth (for sb/sth) (为某目的)留出: I should allow an hour for the unexpected traffic jam. // transition n. passage from on state, position, or condition to another n. 过渡e.g.: the transition from childhood to adult // c.f.: transitional adj. transitional stage, government // c.f. transit运载，搬运：transit system 运输系统/ transit visa 过境签证
20. More often than not adv. = very often, in more than half the instances: 多半，往往e.g.: More often than not, he is drunk when I meet him.
21 have a clear picture of = have a complete understanding of || put sb in the picture = give sb information about sth so that they can understand it.
22 a compensation and benefit structure = a system for paying salaries and offering employee benefit.
23 retain = keep v. c.f. retainer (聘用，租凭）定金
24. motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the family = give them incentive to do their best for the sake of the business and of the family owning the business
25. inexperienced Pay attention to the prefix "in" which means "not" and is often placed before adjectives, adverbs and nouns, such as incorrect, infinite; Other similar prefix are "il-, im-, ir-", such as illogical, illegal, immorally, improper, imperil, irregular.
26. provide interim management = manage the business temporarily // interim临时的= temporarily e.g.: an interim loan, payment, arrangement, measures, proposals // interim n. = meantime / in the interim在期间: I was away in Beijing on business last month, what did you do in the interim?
27. season (often used in passive voice) v. = Originally it means making wood hard and ready to use by gradually drying it. In the text, it means making experienced by practice通过实践使有经验|| seasoned adj. e.g.: a seasoned boxer, a seasoned traveler.
28. stick to: Pay attention to the prepositional "to", which has been emphasized in Note 5 in Unit 1. Now, let's go over the prepositional "to" once again: acceptable to / according to / accustomed to / adequate to / adjust to / admit to / approach to / attach to / pay attention to / attribute to / belong to / close to / contrary to contribute to / devote to / due to / equal to / exception to / inferior to / look forward to married to / native to / necessary to / next to / opposed to / preferable to / prior to / refer to / related to / relevant to / solution to / stick to / subject to / take to / thanks to
29. select vt. // cf. select adj.(常作定语）精选的： e.g.: select passages of Milton's poetry // c.f.: selective adj. 挑选的，选择的: I am very selective about the people I associate with. / selective training of recruits
30. dedicate oneself / sth to sth 奉献= devote to e.g. He dedicated his life to helping the poor. / She dedicated her first book to her husband. // dedicated adj. = devoted 献身于某事的、专用的e.g.: a dedicated teacher, / a dedicated word processor
31. legacy n. [C] sth handed down or received from an ancestor or predecessor 遗产，传代物e.g. cultural legacy / His weak chest was a legacy of a childhood illness. // c.f. inheritance: receiving (property, title, etc) as a result of the death of the previous owner. e.g.: The property passes by inheritance to the eldest son. || c.f.: heritage (Refer to Note 8)
32 discord = disagreement, quarreling 不和，纷争：A note of discord crept into their relationship. 他们的关系出现了裂痕。
33. percent: Pay attention to the usages between percent and percentage: 1."Percent" may be either written as "per cent" or percent, which often comes after a number. The verb followed may be singular or plural agreeing with the singular or plural of the noun. E.g.: forty-five percent of Americans were against it. / 70 percent of land is covered with water. 2. Percentage (百分数) cannot be used after a number. E.g.: What percentage of the students passed the examination?
34 assume v. = suppose, // assumed adj. // assumption n. // assume v. = undertake
35 mentoring n. help or guidance from a tutor or adviser. // a tutor or an adviser
36. credibility = trust, believing // ant. incredibility = unbelieving
37. invaluable adj. = priceless, very useful, // c.f. [Ant.] valueless, worthless
38.rivalries n. = continuous competition
39. jealousy n. [C,U] e.g.: She grew tired of his petty jealousies. // jealous adj. jealous of sth / sb //
c.f.: envy e.g.: envy of sb // envy at / of sth
40.family council meetings 家族委员会会议
41. on a ... basis 以...为基准的：Rates of work are calculated on a weekly/ monthly/ basis.
42. demise (fml) = failure, death e.g.: This loss led to the demise of the business. 这一损失导致了公司的倒闭。
43. liquidity n. 资产折现力，资产的流动性
44. due adj. 应支付的、欠下的：I am still due 15 days' holiday. 我还应有15天的假期。// dues n. 应交纳的费用e.g.: I haven't paid my dues yet. 我还没有交会费。
45. absorb vt. vi.
Pay attention to the meaning to the sentence: The liquidity needs caused by estate taxes due on the value of the family business are far greater than the business can absorb. 由于需要支付的家庭企业固定资产税而产生的资产折现远非家庭企业所能承受的。
46.impractical adj. = unrealistic // c.f. impracticable adj. 行不通的e.g.: Your plan is very appealing, but quite impracticable // impracticality n. [U]
47. dilemma n. [U] situation in which one has to choose between two undesirable things or courses of action // be in a dilemma / place sb in a dilemma
48. must n. [U] = thing that must be done, seen, heard e.g.: His new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction.
49. issue = important topic for discussion; point in question 重要议题，争端，
Key to Vocabulary and Structure
A. 1.H 2.I 3.A 4.A 5.K 6. N 7. L 8.G 9.D 10 C
B. 1. perception 2. responsibility 3. organization 4. marketing 5. strategies 6. assests
7.transitions 8. dilemma 9. Rivalry 10 compensation 11. whiz 12 invluable
C. 1. A.justify B. justification C. justifiable
D. justifiably
E.justified
2. A. strategic B.strategy C. Stragtegics (or Strategy) D. strategists E.
strategized F. strategically
3. A.fiance B. financial C. financier D. finance D. Financially
4. A. resentful B.resents C.resentment D.resentfully
5. A. perceive B. perception C.perceptible D.perceptive E. perceptibly
6. A. diverse B. diversify C. diversity D. diversification E. diversified
7. A. destroyed B.destructive C.destruction D. destructionist E.destroyers
F.destroying
G. destructible
8. A. markets B. marketable C. markets D.marketing E. marketer
9. A. prosperity B. prospering C. prosperous D. prosperously
10. A. derived B. derive C. derivative D. derivative
D. 1A 2A 3C 4C 5B 6D 7A 8B 9A 10A
E. 1. amufacturers 2. natural 3. treatment 4. experienced 5. approached 6. relatively
7.global 8. chained 9.sustainable 10. vision 11. extended 12.improving 13.
accomplish
14. array 15. involvement 16. activity 17. rewarded 18. prosposals 19.
domestic 20 competitors
Key to the Translation from English to Chinese:
Ａ业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强，而且精力充沛。|| 他们往往擅长于多种技能。在很多情况之下，他们即是生产专家又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。|| 要接替他们的工作则需要很多的人。|| 因此家庭企业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定该企业怎样运作。|| 参予交接过程的每个主要成员也应当制定他们自己的组织构图。然后,?对它们进行比较。|| 各机构之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上分歧。
Ｂ没有忠心耿耿雇员,很少企业能够发展壮大，|| 即使是家庭企业也是如此。这些尽职的雇员多半担任了主要管理职务。|| 因此，应当将关于产业继承的长远计划随时通报给他们，|| 而主要的企业管理人员必须清楚知道他们在产业交接管理机构中的职责。|| 改进企业的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要部门经理,激发他们的积极性,使他们能为企业和业主的最大利益而工作
Key to the Translation form Chinese to English:
1. He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to mention an excellent managing director.
2. Regardless of danger, volunteers from an Italian organization for peace have gone to Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, to form a "body shield" for the purpose of preventing the US from bombing the place.
3. Nobody in the family is more dedicated to operating the real estate business than Judy.
4. Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma of whether to lower prices or let sales fall off.
5. More often than not, Mr. Smith earns great profits by careful investment of his capital.
6. John did not make much of a mark in his studies at school, but he excelled at sports.
7.Ordrly transition of responsibilities is a condition for the long-range prosperity of a family business.
8. You had better have a clear picture of prospects before formulating a plan for investment.
9. Although sculpture is a time-consuming art, there are still some people following it as a profession.
10. The software company is in the midst of being transformed from an individual proprietorship to
a joint venture.
Q1 1) Plan a succession management. 2) Define family employment practices 3) Establish and maintain family harmony 4) Plan the estate.
Q2 1) Seating an outside board of directors. 2) Developing a family business vision document. 3) Holding family council meetings.
Key to Vocabulary and Structures
A.1H 2I 3A 4E 5K 6N 7L 8G 9D 10C
B 1 reception 2 responsibility 3 organizational 4 marketing 5 strategies 6 assets 7 transitions
8.dliemma 9 Rivalry 10 compensation 11 whiz 12 invaluable
C.1. justify, justification, justifiable, justifiably justified
2. strategic, Strategy, Strategics/Strategy, strategists, strategized, strategically
3. finance, financial, financier, finance, Financially
4. resentful, resents, resentment, resentfully
5. perceive, perception, perceptible, perceptive, perceptibly
6. diverse diversify, diversity, diversification, diversified
7. destroyed, destructive, destruction, destructionist, destroyers, destroying, destructible
8. markets, marketable, marke5s,marketing,marketer
9. prosperity, prospering, prosperous, prosperously
10. derived, derive, derivative, derivative
D. 1.A.it even harder 2. A. that 3. C. not taking enough exercise 4. C. to have gone back on
5. B. functioning
6. D. on.
7. A. object to seeing
8. B. to go with it
9. A. to expanding
10. A. anxiously awaiting
E. 1.manufacturers 2.natural 3.treatment 4.experienced 5. approached 6. relatively
7.global
8.chaired 9.sustainable 10.vision 11. extended 12.improving 13. accomplish 14 array
15. involvement 16. activity
Key to Reading Comprehension
1. Because there were far fewer approaches having been used by executives than the author had hypothesized
2. The Strategy
3. It implies that these executives rarely promote young employees to key posts.
4. They encourage their employees to cultivate and improve their expertise believing that the cultivation and improvement to expertise is a source of competitive advantage.
5. The highly value those who are aggressive and independent and people who view their jobs and possibilities for advancement as opportunities that must be seized firmly.
PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY 地理之谜 人们也许觉得奇怪，为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太一样。但如果你学过英国历史，就能弄清楚这个问题。 首先是英格兰。威尔士于13世纪同英格兰联合了起来。如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。接着，英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰于17世纪联合了起来，名字就改成了“大不列颠”。令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。最后，英国政府打算于20世纪初把爱尔兰也同另外三个国家和平联合起来以形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿组建联合王国，它分离出去，并建立了自己的政府。因此只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰联合起来，而组成了联合王国，这一点从新的联合王国国旗上就可以看得出来。 值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和国际关系方面;但是有些制度仍然区别很大。例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰在教育体制和立法体制上都存在着差异。在参加像世界杯之类的比赛时，它们有着各自的足球队。在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格兰南部，中部地区叫做英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做英格兰北部。你可以看到英国的大部分人口聚居在南部，而多数大工业城市都位于中部和北部。尽管，英国任何一个城市都不像中国的城市那样大，但是他们都有着自己的享有威名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个队。很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。要找历史性建筑你得去更古老的、比较小些的由古罗马人建造的城镇。在那儿你才可能找到更多的有关英国历史和文化的东西。 最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦。那儿有博物馆，有艺术珍品、剧院、公园和各种建筑物。它是全国的政治中心。它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁——撒
A Teaching Plan for Module2 Unit2 Olympic Games Reading An Interview Teaching Aims a. To know some basic information about the ancient and modern Olympics b. To catch the key words or phrases in the reading c. To enhance the skills fast-reading and careful-reading Teaching Keys Points a.To bear some new and important words and phrases in minds, such as ancient, take part in, stand for, Greece, magical, volunteer, athlete, slave, host, olive wreath. b.To improve the reading and speaking skills Teaching Difficult Points a.To summarize the similarities and difference between the earlier and latest Olympics through the long dialogues. b.To arouse the students’ interests of English-speaking. Teaching Aids Blackboard, Multi-media, and other normal teaching tools. Teaching Methods Students-centered approach and Task-based teaching and learing. Teaching periods Period 1 Warming up(3’) 1. Enjoy a video which is to celebrate that Beijing win the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games to lead in the topic: the Olympic Games. 2. Guessing game: Which ring is concerned with the Olympic Games? five rings flag five continents The five interlocking rings stand for friendship of five continents. Blue =Europe Black =Africa Red =America Yellow =Asia Green =Oceania 3. Show the pictures to Students about the Olympic motto: Swifter, Higher, Stronger 4．Introduce three medals to students; gold, silver, bronze. Period 2 Reading
必修二 Unit 1 In search of the amber room Frederick William I, the king of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown color like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the c ountry’s best artists about ten years to make. In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Fredrick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Fredrick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room became part of the Czar’s winter palace in St Petersburg. About four meters long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors. Later, Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. Almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg. This was a time when the two countries were at war. Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. However, some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself. In less than two days 100000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at a time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. Recently, the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace. By studying old photos of the former Amber room, they have made the new one look like the old one. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city. 寻找琥珀屋 普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有一段令人惊讶的历史。这件礼物就是琥珀屋, 它之所以叫这个名字,是因为建造这间房子用了好几吨琥珀,被选择的琥珀色彩艳丽, 呈黄褐色像蜜一样。屋子的设计采用当时流行的奇特风格。琥珀屋也是用金银珠宝装饰的珍品，这花费了全国最优秀的艺术家大约十年的时间才完成。 事实上, 琥珀屋并不是作为礼物而建造的。它是为腓烈特一世的宫殿而建造。然而,下一位普鲁士国王,腓烈特·威廉一世, 这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不再保留它了。1716年, 他把它送给了彼得大帝。作为回馈, 沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。所以, 琥珀屋就成了沙皇在圣彼得堡东宫的一部分。琥珀屋长约4米, 被用作接待重要来宾的小型会客室。 后来、叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外避暑的宫殿中。她让艺术家们给它增添了更多的装饰。1770年,这间琥珀屋按她要求的方式完工了。将近600支蜡烛照亮了这个房间,里面的镜子和图画就像金子一样闪闪发光。不幸的是,虽然琥珀屋被认为是世界奇迹之一,可是现在它却消失了。
必修五课文原文翻译 unit 1约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。约翰·斯诺想面对这一挑战，解决这一问题。他知道在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。 他对霍乱致人死地的两种推测产生了兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。病毒从胃部开始迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。 约翰·斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。因此在1854年伦敦再次爆发霍乱时，他就着手准备对此调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延时，约翰·斯诺开始搜集信息。他发现特别在两条街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查清原因。 他首先在地图上标注出所有死者曾住过的确切地点。该图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者都住在布洛德街上的水泵附近(尤其是这条街上的16、37、38和40号)。他还发现有些住户(如布洛德街20号和21号及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。他未预料到这种情况，于是他做了进一步调查。他发现这些人是在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工。酒馆为他们供应免费啤酒，因此他们没喝布洛德街水泵里的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。 接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街上的水源。他发现水来自于河里，这条河被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。约翰·斯诺立即告诉布洛德街上惊慌失措的人们拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。他证明了霍乱是通过细菌传播而非气团传播。 在伦敦的另一地区，他从另外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。一个妇女，从布洛德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。她和她的女儿在喝了这些水后，都死于霍乱。利用这个额外证据，约翰·斯诺就可以很有把握地宣布污染水携带病菌。 为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检测。供水公司也得到指示再也不能让人们接触污染水了。“霍乱王”终于被击败了。
牛津高中英语教学设计 单元：Unit 2 Wish you were here 板块：Word power Thoughts on the design: 本板块以教会学生扩充词汇的方法、培养学生学习词汇的兴趣和帮助学生扩大词汇量为教学目标。在教学实践中，教师应始终将培养学生词汇学习兴趣和方法放在首位，根据中学生的年龄特点和心理特征，设计一系列由易到难、由单一到综合的教学活动，循序渐进地引导学生在轻松愉快又富有挑战性的氛围中，兴趣盎然地获得学习词汇的方法和最大限度地习得本单元的话题词汇。 Teaching aims: After learning，the students will know more about adventures and their vocabulary about items for holiday can be greatly enlarged. In addition, the students’interest in learning English can be further stimulated. Teaching procedures: Step 1 Lead-in Show pictures of places of interest in China like the West Lake, the Yellow Mountain, the Great Wall and so on to the class and ask them questions as follows: 1. Do you like traveling? 2. Have you ever been to any of the places? [Explanation] 通过对中国名胜古迹的图片浏览，激发学生对祖国大好河山的热爱，并唤起学生强烈的求知欲望和学习热情，寓教于乐。 Step 2 Warming up Ask the Ss to discuss the following question： Suppose you are given a chance to choose one of the places for your holiday, where would you like to go? What kind of things will you plan to take with you? Then divide the whole class into 4 or 5 teams and ask them to compete with each other for more answers. Write down their answers on the blackboard. Afterwards, show pictures of the items that are often packed by people for their holiday. [Explanation] 这个比赛环节的设计既是为了促进学生的快速思维，又让他们对以前学过的相关词汇作一个回顾。同时，游戏常常能很大程度地活跃课堂气氛，起到很好的“热身”作用。 Step3 Pre-reading
必修二unit 1 单词练习题 2 一，单项选择题 1.It is really a pity that as many as 58 lives didn’t ________ the big high-rise(摩天大楼) fire that happened in Shanghai on 15th November, 2010. A. perform B. succeed C. remove D. survive 2. There are concerns that the beggars in the street may not ______ the freezing winter. A. survive B. live C. suffer D. experience 3. The police as well as the lost child’s parents set out, ________ the nearby forest for the boy. A. searching B. searching for C. in search of D. in search for 4. –What do you think of the sudden news? – Well, it’s quite ______ and I am quite _____ at it. A. amazed; amazed B, amazed; amazing C. amazing; amazing D. amazing; amazed 5. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ____________poor. A. proves B. remains C. maintains D. Continues 6. We should learn from the spirit of the Foolish Old Man _____ the mountains in our daily study. A. removed B. moved D. who removed D. who moved 7. There are two buildings, ______ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 8. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _____ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 9. The old man used ____ in front of his house and he has got used to _____like that. A. to sit; doing B. to sitting; do C. to sit; do D. to sitting; doing 10. It is not _____ to discuss the question again and again. A. worth B. worthy C. worthwhile D. worth while 11. You should understand the traffic rules by now. You’ve had it ______often enough. A. explaining B, to explain C. explain D. explained 12. You’ll find this map of great ______ in helping you to get round London. A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness 13. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ____ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 14. With the help of the government, a large number of people _____after the terrible earthquake of May 12th, 2008. A. survived B. remained C. lived D. saved 15. Though is was dark and raining hard, the children went out _____their lost dog. A. in honor of B. in celebration of C. in danger of D. in search of 16. The young man helped the company recover, so his boss gave him an apartment _______. A. in return B. in turn C. in charge D. in fact 17. Judging from the look on his face, he didn’t think ____ of our plan. A. well B. good C. nice D. high 18. –Why was he ____from his position? --- Because he broke the rule on purpose. A. disappeared B. gone C. removed D. beaten 19. The news _______ any doubts about the company’s future. Everybody in the company was happy. A. removed B. renamed C. reminded D. replaced 2o. The princess’s hat was really fancy, which ______with gold and jewels. A. dressed B. decorated C. was dressed D. was decorated 21. There are many dictionaries here. Which one _____ you? A. is belonging to B. is belonged to C. belongs to D. belongs 22. There is no doubt _____ you will be given a ______reception.
人教版新课标必修2u n i t1课文原文和翻译w o r d格式 IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it . The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey . The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make . In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room because part of the Czar's winter palace in St four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors . Later,Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted . Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing . In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg . This was a time when the two countries were at war . Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room . However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself . In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs . There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery . Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace . By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city . A FACT OR AN OPINION What is a fact Is it something that people believe No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. Then what is an opinion An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some peo ple may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence. 人教版新课标必修2 unit2 课文原文word格式 AN INTERVIEW Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
Period 3 Extensive Reading The General Idea of This Period： This period is to introduce the students to Greek literature and to help them understand the problems that women had in Ancient Greece.The Greeks had wonderful stories about the Gods and Goddesses who were part of their religion.They believe that these Gods （or Goddesses）would help if they felt sorry for them or if the humans were good people.The Gods did not always help though.They behaved like people who were unpredictable and capricious.To try to get the support of the Gods people had to pray to them and offer them presents.In this story the Goddess Hera，the Greek Goddess of Love （the wife of the chief God，Zeus）was sorry for Hippomenes and agreed to help him. Teaching Aims： 1.Enable the students to learn and talk about Atlanta’s story. 2.Learn some useful words and expressions：prince，pri ncess，amaze（amazing，amazed），foolish，promise，golden，etc. 3.Learn some sentence patterns： （1）I will only be married to a man who can run faster than me. （2）It was so tall that I had to look up to the sky to see it. （3）There was a man called Hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of Atlanta’s rules. Teaching Important Points： 1.Enable the students to comprehend the story of Atlanta and get the general idea of the story of Atlanta and something about the beginning of the Olympic Games in the ancient time. 2.To know the athlete in the past and the fact that women were not allowed to take part in. Teaching Difficult Point： To understand the content and finish the true or false exercises efficiently. Teaching Methods： 1.Skimming to get the general idea of the story of Atlanta. 2.Scanning to get detailed information and get to understand the story better. 3.Task-based methods to get the students to comprehend the passage and be able to retell the story in their own words. Teaching Aids： 1.A tape recorder. 2.A multimedia. Teaching Procedures： Step 1 Revision 1.Revise the future passive voice. T：It’s getting cold now.Will you bring or buy some thick clothes to school? Ss：Yes. T：In fact we may also say that because it is getting cold now，some thick clothes... Ss：Some thick clothes will be brought or bought. T：That is to say，some thick clothes will be brought or bought.Sometimes we can use future passive voice to express a future action.Remember the form? Ss：Yes.will/be to/being go to be done.
高一英语材料 一、词性转换(必修二Unit1 Cultural relics) 1. rare adj. __________ adv. 2. amaze vt. __________ adj. 3. value n. _______ adj. _______(反义词) 4. survive vt. ___________n. 5. decorate v. __________n. 6. wood n. _________ adj. 7. doubt n. vt. ________ adj. _______(反)8. evidence n. ________ adj. 9. formal adj. __________(反)10. culture n.__________ adj. 二．完成句子 1. Can I buy lunch for you ________________ (作为报答) for your help? 2. This vase is valued ________________(少于) 40 dollars. 3. Those two countries have been _________________(交战) for a long time. 4. The machine has already been __________________(拆开). 5. John mentioned several judges’ names, but he didn’t __________________(评价高) them. 6. There is no d_____________ that he will get the first prize. 7. Pandas are a kind of r_____________ animals. 8. That dictionary isn’t mine; it b_____________ to the library. 9. She is an able girl and she d_______________ all her dresses. 10. I f______________ （想象）he’s pretty happy. 11. She r______________(搬走) the painting to another wall. 12. He bought me a v_______________ diamond ring as a birthday present. 13. The great hall was d_______________ with flowers. 14. That novel isn’t w______________（值得）reading. 15. Catherine works at the l______________(当地的) post o ffice. at war belong to less than take apart in return for to one’s surprise in search of think highly of look into there is no doubt that rather than in other words 2.The police have received the letter and they are _____________it. 3.I gave him some apples _____________ his help. 4.The headmaster ______________me because of my good performance. 5.Recently I’ve found a rare Qing Dynasty vase. But I don’t know whether it should ______________me. 6.The old man saw some Germans ________________ the AmberRoom and moving it away. 7.He is an explorer ___________ a sailor. 8.When two countries were __________, troops of armies were sent to battlefront to fight. 9.Much _________________, the task was finished in only one week. 四．单项选择 1.Though he is a murderer, he should receive a fair _______. A. experiment B. trial C. doubt D. test 2. As is known to all, the financial crisis firstly broke out in the United States which _______ the group of developed countries. A. belonging to B. was belonging to C. belongs to D. is belonged to 3. The little boy was the only one who ______ the earthquake in his village, and the government sent him to a city school after that. A. experienced B. escaped C. survived D. suffered 4. There’s no doubt ________ international cooperation is the key to ______ with cybercrime.(网络犯罪) A. whether; doing B. that; dealing C. whether; do D. that; do 5. The employee you had been thinking highly_______ dishonest. A. of proving B. of proved C. of to prove D. of being proved. 6. The police________ him to see if he had a gun. A. searched for B. searched C. in search of D. looked for 7. Whether by accident or _______, he arrived too late to help us. A. purpose B. aim C. design D. chance 8. The countries have been _______ for more than a century. A. at rest B. at war C. at table D. at school