2020年大学生英语四级必考词汇和语法仿真模拟试题及答案(二)

专业英语四级（语法与词汇）模拟试卷260(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEPART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.1．We stood still, gazing out over the limitless _______ of the ocean.A．spaceB．spreadC．stretchD．expanse正确答案：D解析：我们静静地站着，凝视着眼前这片浩瀚无垠的大海。

A．space泛指一般意义上的“空地，空间”，例如：A table took up much of the space．一张桌子占了很大空间。

B．spread指“延伸的区域”，往往是指有界限的，例如a spread of land土地面积。

C．stretch只用于单数，常表示身体上的而伸展，或者长度、广度上的增长性、伸缩性，例如：I got up and had a stretch我起床后伸了伸懒腰。

D．expanse常与of连用，表示一片广大的、没有间隔的或障碍的广阔区域，多用于天空、海洋(如本题)、田野等，例如：the vast expanse of sea浩瀚无垠的海。

知识模块：语法与词汇2．All he said was so free from effort and _______ and was said with such a captivating charm.A．simultaneousB．homogenousC．spontaneousD．monotonous正确答案：C解析：他说话的时候不假思索，随意发挥，而且带着迷人的魅力。

（2020年7月整理）最新英语四级考试模拟题.doc Sample Test Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items. 1. A). Christmas- time attacks made by Somali rebels B). An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi C). The killing of mire than 70 Ugandans in Kampala D). Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda's capital 2. A). On Christmas Eve B). Just before midnight C). During a security check D). In the small hours of the morning Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items. 3. A). It is likely to close many of its stores B). It is known for the quality of its goods C). It remains competitive in the recession D). It will expand its online retail business 4. A).expand its business beyond groceries B). Fire 25 000 of its current employees C). Cut its DVD publishing business D). Sell the business for one pound Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items. 5. A). All taxis began to use meters B). All taxis got air conditioning C). Advertisements were allowed on taxis D). Old taxis were replaced with new cabs 6. A). A low interest loan scheme B). Environmentalists’ protests C). taxi passengers complaints D). Permission for car advertising 7. A). There are no more irregular practices B). All new cabs provide air-conditioning C). New cabs are all equipped with meters D). New legislation protects consumer rights Model Test One Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items. 1.A). The law of weapon purchasing in Illinois State. B). The relationship between crime and mental illness. C). The graduate student of Northern Illinois University D). The shooting happened in Northern Illinois University 2.A). The gunman has mental disease B). The gunman is dissatisfied with the university C). The gunman is dissatisfied with the lecture D). It is not clear Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items. 3.A). It has been influenced b war B). It is devalued by its government C). It is ore competitive than before D).it has turned into a global currency 4.A). Most experts support the four countries’ currency change B). The meeting on Friday is useless for global recovery C). Currency wars threaten global economic recovery D). Policymakers should cooperate with central bankers Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items. 5.A). The preservation f coastal resorts B). The closure of political disputes C). The gap between the rich and the poor D). The commitments to reduce carbon emissions 6.A). promising B). hopeful C). disappointing D). satisfying 7.A). 18 B). 80 C). 94 D). 194 Model Test Two Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items. 1. A). They made more efforts to find more new cases B). They tried to prevent the disease out of the capital C). They held a public movement on hygiene information D). They boosted the accuracy and promptness of their report 2. A). It’s the first time that ingestion disease has broken out in Haiti B). The death rate of ingestion disease is too high C). Death number will keep increasing for a long time D).ingestion disease could join other local diseases in Haiti Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items. 3. A). The children of the international diplomatic corps B). The program of International Baccalaureate schools C). The school district in the suburb of Detroit,Michigan D).“Mother Earth”class in IB elementary schools 4. A). Subject areas are separated B). Classes are held in the open air C). “Mother Earth ” class covers math D).Teachers prepare classes together Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items. 5. A). White ash B). High temperature water C). Poison gas D). hurricane 6. A). Less than 10 B). About 20 C). About 120 D). More than 750 7. A). They have found too many dead bodies B). They want to persuade people to move away C). They don’t know hat might happen next D). They need space to carry out the research Model Test Three Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items. 1.A). The woman ‘s marathon at the historic Brandenburg Gate B). The final day of the championships competition C). Nick Symmonds’ win of the 800 meter semifinal heat D). The final of the men’s four-by-400-meter relay 2 A). 3 B).4 C).7 D).8 Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items. 3. A). It might hinder people from going shopping B). It could cause serious traffic accident C). It might be harmful to some peoples health D). It could add more holiday atmosphere 4. A). In the middle of winter B). Just before Christmas C). During Christmas

英语四级考试题模拟及答案英语四级考试是许多大学生必须通过的一项考试，它是考察英语能力的重要指标之一。

为了帮助考生更好地备考，以下是一份英语四级考试题目模拟及答案，供参考学习。

一、听力部分1. What does the woman advise the man to do?A. Change his major.B. Study harder.C. Take fewer courses.D. Drop the course.2. What does the woman think of their food?A. Delicious.B. Too salty.C. Overpriced.D. Terrible.3. Where is the man planning to go?A. To the library.B. To the bookstore.C. To the office.D. To the cafeteria.答案：1. B. Study harder.2. A. Delicious.3. B. To the bookstore.二、阅读部分Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following passage:Most experts agree countries need to start seriously slashing greenhouse gas emissions.. and that we can continue emitting greenhouse gases for only another 10 to 15 years before crossing a threshold into a more extreme climate.4. What do most experts agree on?A. Greenhouse gas emissions need to be increased.B. Greenhouse gas emissions need to be seriously reduced.C. Greenhouse gas emissions have no impact on the climate.D. Greenhouse gas emissions can continue as they are.5. How many years do most experts believe we have before crossing a threshold into a more extreme climate?A. 5 to 10 years.B. 10 to 15 years.C. 15 to 20 years.D. 20 to 25 years.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Countries should ignore greenhouse gas emissions.B. Countries have plenty of time to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.C. Countries must act now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.D. Countries will not be affected by greenhouse gas emissions.答案：4. B. Greenhouse gas emissions need to be seriously reduced.5. B. 10 to 15 years.6. C. Countries must act now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.三、写作部分请根据以下题目写一篇短文：题目：Does social media have a positive or negative impact on society?参考范文：Social media has become an indispensable part of our lives, with millions of people using platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram on a daily basis. While social media has its benefits, such as connecting people from all around the world and providing a platform for sharing information and ideas, it also has negative impacts on society.One of the positive aspects of social media is its ability to bring people together. It allows individuals to stay in touch with friends and family, no matter where they are located. Social media also provides a platform for sharing news and information quickly and easily, which can be beneficial in emergency situations.However, social media also has negative impacts on society. One of the biggest concerns is the spread of fake news and misinformation. With the rise of social media, it has become increasingly difficult to distinguish between reliable sources and fake news. This can lead to a misinformed public and have serious consequences for society.Furthermore, social media can have a negative impact on mental health. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. The constant comparison to others on social media can also lead to low self-esteem and self-worth.In conclusion, while social media has its benefits, such as connecting people and sharing information, it also has negative impacts on society, such as the spread of fake news and negative effects on mental health. It is important for individuals to use social media responsibly and critically evaluate the information they see online.以上是一份英语四级考试题目模拟及答案，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

英语专四词汇语法专项练习模拟题英语专四词汇语法专项练习模拟题To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专四词汇语法专项练习模拟题，希望能给大家带来帮助!英语专四词汇语法专项练习模拟题篇1模拟试题：1. The reporters exposed the corruption of several senior officers in the government; consequently, these officers____to resign from office.A. have askedB. were askedC. had askedD. had been asked2. The train____ at the present speed until it reaches the next city at about sev en o’clock this evening.A. will be goingB. wentC. would goD. went3. Such____the case, there are no grounds to justify your complaints.A. wasB. isC. is beingD. being4. I beg____ your nephew’s wedding.A. to be excusedB. to be excused fromC. to excuse fromD. to be excused to5. The only candidate____ can hope to defeat him is quit now.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. when6. Humble____ it may be, there’s no place like home, ____he may go.A. like, whenB. as, whereverC. although, whereD. which, wherever7. He ought to attend the meeting,____?A. should heB. ought heC. shouldn’t heD. oughtn’t he8. Mary is 18 years old this year; she ____19 next year.A. will beB. is to beC. is going to beD. should be9.Though it was late in the night,____ he continued to work vigorously.A. butB. yetC. andD. that10. The doctor advised him to stay in bed, saying he was much____.A. ill enoughB. too illC. so illD. very ill11. I was ____ study French yesterday, but I changed my mind.A. to be startingB. to startC. to have startedD. to have been starting12. You’d rather go to theater with him this evening, ____?A. are youB. hadn’t youC. isn’t itD. wouldn’t you13. ____that the formation of the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation of an interstellar gas cloud.A. It is believedB. BelievingC. Being believedD. To believe14. One of the most spectacular qualities of man is notably his____to any kind of natural environment.A. tendencyB. adoptabilityC. adaptabilityD. availability15. I’m in no____now to go to concert with you.A. moodB. intentionC. emotionD. sense16. The judger doesn’t know whether the witness is telling the truth, buthe will ____it.A. identifyB. enforceC. distinguishD. verify17. Before the plane ____, the pilot bailed out.A. clashedB. crashedC. smashedD. struck18. Doctors often make higher ____ for their works than they should.A. chargesB. billsC. costsD. payments19. Most of the earliest____into America came from Europe.A. migrantsB. emigrantsC. immigrantsD. inhabitants20. His name was on the____of my tongue, but I just couldn’t remember.A. edgeB. rimC. borderD. tip21. I caught a____ of the name of the book before she put it into the drawer.?A. glimpseB. glanceC. sightD. stare22. Once you become a soldier, you will be given a monthly____by the army.?A. incomeB. allowanceC. wageD. salary23. I called at his house but was refused____.A. admissionB. accessC. receptionD. admittance24. All too____it was time to go back to school after the Spring Festival.A. quickB. soonC. fastD. speedy25. He handled the company in____with his brother.A. combinationB. mixtureC. collaborationD. association答案与解析1. 答案B【句意】记者们曝光了几名政府高官的****情况，随之，这几名官员被迫辞职。

专业英语四级（语法与词汇）模拟试卷300(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEPART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.1．—Where is your father?—He ______flowers in the garden.A．watersB．must waterC．must be wateringD．must have watered正确答案：C解析：考查情态动词的用法。

根据句意，这里是对进行着的行为的推测，因此答案为C。

A为一般性描述，排除；B不能表示动作是在进行着；D为must have done结构，表示对过去的推测，不符合题意。

知识模块：语法与词汇2．I guess she has exaggerated the weather condition. It isn’t all_______ cold.A．thatB．thoseC．itD．one正确答案：A解析：that的特殊用法。

that除用作代词外，还可以作副词用，表程度，意为“达到那样的程度，如此”，答案为A。

其他选项中的those，it和one均无此用法。

知识模块：语法与词汇3．We consider_______ the thief stole all the underwear in the house instead of valuable things.A．that strangeB．it strange whatC．it strange thatD．strange why正确答案：C解析：考查“动词+it+补语+that从句”结构。

专业英语四级（语法与词汇）模拟试卷132(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARYPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1．If not______with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.A．being treatedB．treatedC．be treatedD．having been treated正确答案：B解析：非限定动词题。

if引导的条件状语从句中的主语和谓语动词被省略了，完整的句子应该是if Jack is not treated…，因此本题应该选[B]。

知识模块：语法与词汇2．The Minister of Finance is believed______of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.A．that he is thinkingB．to be thinkingC．that he is to thinkD．to think正确答案：B解析：非限定动词题。

动词believe用作被动语态时，之后应接动词不定式to do，而不能跟that从句，为了表示正在进行的事，也可使用不定式的进行式to be doing，因此[B]to be thinking为本题的正确答案。

2020年9月大学英语四级试题及参考答案【完整版】Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this partyou arc allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on online dictionanes.You can start your essay with the sentence tc Online dictionanes are becoming increasmgly popular” You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Directions:For this partyou are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the use of PowerPoint(PPT) m class.You can start your essay with the sentence1 c The use of Power-Point is becoming increasingly popular m class” You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Directions:For this partyou arc allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on online libraries.You can start youressay with the sentence1 l Oiilme libraries are becoming increasingly popular n.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprchcnsion(30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this sectionyou will hear three news rcports.At the end of each news reportyou will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once.Aftcr you hear questionsyou must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2020年12月四级真题及答案（全3套）四级写作第一套Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the change of communication.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.With the development of science and technology,we have witnessed the various huge changes of our daily life,among which,the change of communication is striking.However, people’s view on it never come to consensus.Concerning it,both communication online and offline have their merits.For one thing,no one denies that communication online brings great convenience to us, especially to those who have friends or relatives in remote areas.Because the change makes it possible for them to have frequent chat.And,the way we contact with others is diverse.Video calls and voice message can both meet modern people’s satisfaction.For another,the change is also making us disconnected.Due to the availability,people are gradually reluctant to have face-to-face communication with surrounding people,which is isolating us from the people we love.Given the factors above,the change of communication,we have to admit,is more like a double-edged sword.Neither do we discard it nor completely rely on it.Instead,we should make reasonable use of it so as to maximize its benefits.随着科学技术的发展，我们见证了我们日常生活中的各种巨大变化，其中沟通方式的变化是引人注目的。

（2020年7月整理）最新英语四级考试模拟题.docSample TestQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). Christmas- time attacks made by Somali rebelsB). An explosion at a bus station in central NairobiC). The killing of mire than 70 Ugandans in KampalaD). Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda's capital2. A). On Christmas EveB). Just before midnightC). During a security checkD). In the small hours of the morningQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). It is likely to close many of its storesB). It is known for the quality of its goodsC). It remains competitive in the recessionD). It will expand its online retail business4. A).expand its business beyond groceriesB). Fire 25 000 of its current employeesC). Cut its DVD publishing businessD). Sell the business for one poundQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). All taxis began to use metersB). All taxis got air conditioningC). Advertisements were allowed on taxisD). Old taxis were replaced with new cabs6. A). A low interest loan schemeB). Environmentalists’ protestsC). taxi passengers complaintsD). Permission for car advertising7. A). There are no more irregular practicesB). All new cabs provide air-conditioningC). New cabs are all equipped with metersD). New legislation protects consumer rightsModel Test OneQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1.A). The law of weapon purchasing in Illinois State.B). The relationship between crime and mental illness.C). The graduate student of Northern Illinois UniversityD). The shooting happened in Northern Illinois University2.A). The gunman has mental diseaseB). The gunman is dissatisfied with the universityC). The gunman is dissatisfied with the lectureD). It is not clearQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3.A). It has been influenced b warB). It is devalued by its governmentC). It is ore competitive than beforeD).it has turned into a global currency4.A). Most experts support the four countries’ currency changeB). The meeting on Friday is useless for global recoveryC). Currency wars threaten global economic recoveryD). Policymakers should cooperate with central bankers Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5.A). The preservation f coastal resortsB). The closure of political disputesC). The gap between the rich and the poorD). The commitments to reduce carbon emissions6.A). promisingB). hopefulC). disappointingD). satisfying7.A). 18B). 80C). 94D). 194Model Test TwoQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). They made more efforts to find more new casesB). They tried to prevent the disease out of the capitalC). They held a public movement on hygiene informationD). They boosted the accuracy and promptness of their report2. A). It’s the first time that ingestion disease has broken out in HaitiB). The death rate of ingestion disease is too highC). Death number will keep increasing for a long timeD).ingestion disease could join other local diseases in HaitiQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). The children of the international diplomatic corpsB). The program of International Baccalaureate schoolsC). The school district in the suburb of Detroit,MichiganD).“Mother Earth”class in IB elementary schools4. A). Subject areas are separatedB). Classes are held in the open airC). “Mother Earth ” class covers mathD).Teachers prepare classes togetherQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). White ashB). High temperature waterC). Poison gasD). hurricane6. A). Less than 10B). About 20C). About 120D). More than 7507. A). They have found too many dead bodiesB). They want to persuade people to move awayC). They don’t know hat might happen nextD). They need space to carry out the researchModel Test ThreeQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1.A). The woman ‘s marathon at the historic Brandenburg GateB). The final day of the championships competitionC). Nick Symmonds’ win of the 800 meter semifinal heatD). The final of the men’s four-by-400-meter relay2 A). 3B).4C).7D).8Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). It might hinder people from going shoppingB). It could cause serious traffic accidentC). It might be harmful to some peoples healthD). It could add more holiday atmosphere4. A). In the middle of winterB). Just before ChristmasC). During ChristmasD). After Christmas holidayQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5 A). japanB). South KoreaC). The United StatesD). Australia6. A). Trade imbalancesB). Unstable currency valuesC). Regional disputesD). New members’ applications7. A). 9B).19C).20D).21Model Test FourQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). Offering services to help people stop smokingB). Raising taxesC). Warning people about the dangers of tobaccoD). Enforcing bans on tobacco advertising2. A). More than 5 millionB).More than 8 millionC).More than 1 billionD).More than 10 billionQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). The discovery of voice recordingB). The development of guitar and popular musicC). Les Paul’s musical experience and deathD). Les Paul’s own radio show in Chicago4. A). When he was 10 years oldB). When he was 13 years oldC).When he was a host in ChicagoD).When he was at a local restaurantQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). sleepingB). Holding meetingC). Indulging themselvesD). quarreling6. A). soldiersB). teachersC). lawyersD).businessmen7. A). fireB). Mobile phone signalC). Body bombD). lightModel Test FiveQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). More than 5 millionB). More than 10 millionC). More than 25 millionD). More than 30 million2. A). T o help identify where infectious diseases are developingB). To help small and medium size businesses growC). To help improve public servicesD). To help two climate change programsQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). About4.12million units were soldB). They declined to their lowest levelC). There was a decline of 10% than that in JulyD). They indicated a start of rise in August4. A). They are much stronger than their expectationsB). They might reach to 4.25 million unites per yearC). They will be out of control on next month’s reportD).they indicate the housing industry has recovered Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). Britain has decided to restrict bankers’ bonusesB).Britain has decided to raise bankers’ salaryC).Britain has decided to curb bankers’ salaryD).Britain has decided to raise bankers’ bonuses6. A). Those employees whose payments was over $4 000B).Those employees whose payments was $40 000C).Those employees whose payments was over $40 000D).Those employees whose payments was $4 0007. A). Most of it would be paid in moneyB). Most of it would be paid in sharesC). Some of it would be paid in sharesD). Some of it would be paid in moneyModel Test SixQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). The fire erupted in southern AustraliaB). There may be more victimsC). The entire towns have been lostD). The temperatures have reached 57 degrees Celsius2. A). 108B). 47C). Up to 400D). dozensQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). It is set to expire on December 31B). It raised the unemployment rateC). It created 120 000 jobsD). It made middle class families benefited4. A). When unemployment rate droppedB). Before congress went home for the holidaysC). When he made his weekly addressD). Before private sectors created more jobsQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). Top industrial countries met in the US for world financeB). Developing economies met in the US for a summit on financeC). G20 leaders met in the US for a summit on future wold cultureD). Developing and top industrial economies met tn the US for a summit on finance6. A). 5 billionB).50 billionC). 500 billionD). 5000billion7. A). When to avoid a repeat of the financial crisisB). When to inject money without harming a recoveryC). How to withdraw that support without harming a recoveryD). How to inject money without harming a recoveryModel Test SevenQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). The election in KenyaB). The economy and democracyC). The diplomatic relations with other countryD). The peace in the country2. A). About 30B). More than 300C). Around 3 000D). More than 5 000Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). positiveB). reluctantC). optimisticD). careless4. A). 400million dollars and 100 military expertsB). 140 million dollars and 100 military expertsC). 140 million dollars and 500 soldiersD). 400 million dollars and 500 soldiersQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). Negotiations between developing and industrialized countriesB). A struggle to reach a new global agreement on climate changeC). The deadlock of United Nations climatic talksD). A list of demands by developing nations6. A). It’s a global agreement on c limate changeB). It expired at the end of last monthC). It fell into deadlock and continued into the second roundD). The United Nations climate talks have made a replacement for it7. A). Crafting replacement for the Kyoto ProtocolB). Reducing emissions of greenhouse gasesC). Stopping industrial emissions of greenhouse gasesD). Coping with the effects of climate change respectivelyModel Test EightQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). The Angeles National ForestB). The fire fighting in Los AngelesC). The tools used in fire fightingD). The protection of Mount Wilson2. A). Tractors and hand toolsB). Helicopters and airplanesC). The slightly higher humidityD). The 20-kilometer fire linesQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A).it is the new health care lawB). It is the short term spending lawC). It is the new federal budget lawD). It is the federal operation law4. A). It will increase the government’s economic burdenB). It will lead to a partial shutdown of the US governmentC). It will give rise to a clash between the two major political partiesD). Ti will oblige people to buy insurance policies unwillingly Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). The country’s bi g labor unionB). The country’s big governmentC). The country’s big businessD). The county’s big police6. A). They blocked the trafficB). The occupied New YorkC). They clashed with community groupsD). They controlled too much wealth7. A). It has now spread to other Asian citiesB). The protesters have camped in New York’s cultural districtC). Members of labor unions joined the movement on WednesdayD). The protesters represent the wealthiest 99% Of AmericansModel Test NineQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A).it did not reach analysts ‘ expectationsB). It was a favorable news for the automakerC). It hinted a decline of Ford’s net incomeD). It spurred a rise for Ford’s share price2. A). There are small losses in North AmericaB). Prices should be raised in European marketC). Another product line should be set up in EuropeD). Earnings continued to be good in North AmericaQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). The development of French engineering firmsB). Working and living condition in the city of DijonC). The environmentally-friendly building in FranceD). A tour of the landmark buildings in France4. A). Metal skirtB). Solar panelC). Sun shieldD). sandwichQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A) . The international Space StationB). The Siberia VesselC). The Baikonur CosmodromeD).the Progress 456. A). On SundayB). On MondayC). On TuesdayD). On Wednesday7. A). At 4;02 p.mB). At 4; 11 p.mC). At 4;20 p.mD). At 6.11 p.mModel Test Ten Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). South Africa’s multiracial historyB). Musical New Year’s tradition in South AfricaC).southeast Asia slaves in Cape TownD). Cape Town’s mixed race or “colored” residents2. A). The dockworkersB). European minstrelsC).the Dutch colonistsD). Cape Town’s residentsQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). Monitoring all banks in the countryB). Ensuring a safe economic policyC). Providing advice to the PresidentD).offering enough money to the government4.A). She once taught at Berkeley UniversityB).she got tenure at Harvard UniversityC). She has a Nobel Prize in Economic TheoryD). She had been working the Federal Reserve for over 10 yearsQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). To deal with labor unrest in the countryB). To worsen the relationship between police and protestersC). To suppress the legal protestsD). To protect the garment factory workers6. A). In two industrial complexesB). In the southern BangladeshC). In the garment factories of ChittagongD). In the capital Dhaka7. A). It will worsen the relationship between workers and security forcesB).It will worsen the relationship between workers and factory ownersC).It will worsen the relationship between union leaders and legitimate protestersD).It will worsen the relationship between government and protestersModel Test ElevenQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). 18 000B).80 000C).60 000D).16 0002. A). Meet the miners’ original demandB).offer more benefits to poor black minersC). Improve the miners’ working conditionsD). Offer a 10% pay riseQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). Chances of guessing the correct lotto numbersB). Ross’s dreams about winning the lottoC). People’s madness for lotto games in ItalyD). Foreigners’ visit to Italy for the lotto drawings4. A). A huge amount of moneyB). Free flights to ItalyC). A free tour in EuropeD). Tickets for the lotto gamesQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). Stopping renewing an agreementB). Blocking an agreementC). Renewing an agreementD). Blocking the renewal of a contract6. A). It provided sufficient privacy safeguardsB). It cannot protect privacy sufficientlyC). It provided insufficient safeguardsD). It failed to safeguard people’s interests7. A).the Swift Money Transfer SystemB). The Brussels TreatyC). The Lisbon TreatyD). The Swift SystemModel Test Twelve Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). Energy and power shortage in KenyaB). Emergency measures for the livestock in KenyaC). Rockefeller foundations’ assistance in KenyaD). Kenya emergency plan food and water shortage2. A). local communitiesB). The armyC).the civil societyD).the power companyQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). When he was skating in the French AlpsB).when he was skating in the German AlpsC). When he was skiing in the French AlpsD). When he was skiing in the German Alps4. A). He is now in a hospital in MoutiersB). He is having a psychological test nowC). He has an English friend who is a trauma specialistD). He was taken to a local hospital by helicopter Questions5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). They were between Christians and MuslimsB). They were between local people and MuslimsC). They were between local people and ChristiansD). They were between local army and Muslims6. A). It is a large commercial area to the northB). It was under military controlC). It was burnt to the groundD). There wee no debris and smoldering fires7. A). At least 100B). 100C). At least 1 000D). 1000Model Test Thirteen Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A). On the first Monday in NovemberB). On the first Tuesday in NovemberC). On the first Monday in DecemberD). On the first Tuesday in December2. A). Farns BaleniB). Ken CuccinelliC). Terry McAuliffeD). Chris ChristieQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). The general US economic activityB). Consumer spending in US economyC). The lower savings rate in AmericaD). The government’s effort on economy4. A). The lower savings rate in four yearsB). The spending boost by AmericansC). Special payments by the governmentD). PNC Financial Services Group’s supportQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). Labor department officialsB). civiliansC). lawmakersD). The army6. A). 0.3%B). 3%C). 9.7%D). 10%7. A). negativeB). positiveC). hopelessD). enlighteningModel Test Fourteen Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following new items.1. A).Saturday classes about language and cultureB). Private high schools in San FranciscoC). The help of American high school students in SenagalD). The repair to the French colonial schoolhouse2. A). Fixing up the clinic inhabited by ducks and chickensB). Repairing and modernizing the village schoolhouseC). Installing solar panels and lights in a French colonial houseD). Learning the geography, language and culture of SenagalQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following new items.3. A). Some passengers were injured o the planeB). There was something wrong with the planeC). There were criminals on the jet planeD). It had been thought that the jet had been hi-jacked4. A). The jet was intercepted by US air forceB). The plane’s transponder mistakenly transmitted codeC). The pilots repeatedly told controllers they were hi-jackedD). The armed police arrested several criminals in the jet. Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following new items.5. A). The falling trees and high temperaturesB). High temperatures and more powerful windsC). The burning in key areas that was out of controlD). The steep terrain and more powerful wind6. A). Over seven days agoB). Over three days agoC). On WednesdayD).on Monday7. A).about 60 fires are burning in New South WalesB). 17 fires in New South Wales are under controlC). The fires have burned almost 10 000 hectares so farD). Over 200 firefighters have been busy getting the fires in control。

2020年12月英语四级真题及参考答案(完整版)Part Iwriting“Changes in Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topicthe way of Transportation”. . You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.参考范文：With the social and economic development, our means of transportation have changed a lot over the last few decades, which has brought much convenience to our life.In the 1970s and 1980s, bicycles were the primary means of public transportation. Families that owned a bicycle were thought to be in relatively good economic conditions. Because of the implementation of the reform and opening policy, the economy and people’s living standards were improved a lot and travelling by private cars became more and more common in 1990s and 2000s. And thanks to the information technology, we can now enjoy bike-sharing service and online ride-hailing service which help to makeour journey more economical and flexible.We have enough reason to believe that our way of transportation could be more and more economically friendly and intelligent.Part II Listening ComprehensionPart ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B). C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through she centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.B) Invasive species are driving away certain native species.C) The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.D)Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.2.A)It could add to greenhouse emissions.B)It could disrupt the food chains there.C)It could pose a threat to other marine species.D) It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.C) Spend a few nights on a small island.D) Sell the pearl he had kept for years.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) cars will not be allowed to enter the city.B) About half of its city center will be closed to cars.C) Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.D) Pedestrians will have free access to the city.4.A)The rising air pollution in Paris.B) The worsening global warming.C The ever-growing cost of petrol.D) The unbearable traffic noise.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A)Many of his possessions were stolen.B) His house was burnt down in a fire.C) His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.D) His good luck charm sank into the sea.6.A) Change his fishing locations.B) Find a job in a travel agency.C))Spend a few nights on a small islandD)Sell the pearl he had kept for years7.A)A New Year museumB) The largest pearl in the world weighsC) His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.D) His pearl could be displayed in a museum.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)Itboasts a fairly long history.B) It produces construction materials.C) It has 75 offices around the world.D) It has over 50 business partners.9. A) It has about 50 employees.B) It was started by his father.C) It has a family business.D) It is over 100 years old.10. A) Shortage of raw material supply.B) Legal disputes in many countries.C) Outdated product design.D) Loss of competitive edge.11. A) Conducting a financial analysis forit.B) Providing training for its staff members.C) Seeking new ways to increase is exports.D) Introducing innovative marketing strategies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) She is a real expert at house decorations.B) She is well informed about the design business.C) She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.D) She is really impressed by the man’s house.13. A) From his younger brother Greg.B) From home design magazines.C) From a construction businessman.D) From a professional interior designer.14. A)The effort was worthwhile.B) The style was fashionable .C) The cost was affordable.D)The eft was unexpected.15.A) She’d like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.B)She wants him to share his renovation experience with herC) She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.D) She’d like to show him around her newly-renovated house.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the your choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark heAnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.corresponding letter on A nswerSheetQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Providing routine care for small children.B) Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.C) Doing research on ear, nose and throat diseases.D) Removing objects from patients’noses andears.17. A) Many children like to smell things they find or play with.B) Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths.C) Five-to nine-year-olds are the mos likely to put things in their ears.D) Children aged one to four a often more curious than older children.18. A) They tend to act out of impulse.B) They want to attract attentions.C) They are unaware of the potential risks.D) They are curious about these body parts.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It paid for her English lessons.B) It gave her a used bicycle.C) It delivered her daily necessities.D) It provided her with physical therapy.20. A) Expanding bike-riding lessons.B) Asking local people for donations.C) Providing free public transport.D) Offering walking tours to visitors.21.A) It is a language school.B) It is a charity organization.C)It is a counseling center.D) It is a sports club.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) How mice imitate human behavior a space.B) How low gravity affects the human body.C) How mice interact in a new environment.D)How animals deal with lack of gravity.23.A)They were not use to the low-gravity cnvironment.B)They found it difficult to figure out where they were.C) They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.D) They were not sensitive to the changed environment.24.A) They tried every thing possible to escape from the cage.B) They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.C) They already felt at home in the new environment.D) They had found a lot more activities to engage in.25.A) They repeated their activities every day.B) They behaved as if they were on Earth.C) They begin to eat less after some time.D) They changed their routines in space.听力原文：Listening ComprehensionSection ANews report 1A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean, warned scientists. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (UICN) has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey, Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean.Nativeto the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, the potentially deadly fish has poisonous hooks and a painful sting capable of killing people.Although fatalities are rare, the stings can cause extreme pain and stoppeople breathing. The fish,often known as Devil Fire fish, is a highly invasive species.And environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life.After being spotted in the Mediterranean,a marine scientist says,"The fish is spreading,and that's a cause for concern."Q1: What is reported in the news?Q2: What is the environmentalists' concern of the spread of Devil Firefish in the Mediterranean?News report 2[Q3]Almost half the centre of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day.[Q4]This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time.Mayor Anne Hidalgo promoted the first World Car Free Day last year.Hidalgo also has supported a Paris Breathes Day. On the first Sunday of every month, Paris clears traffic from eight lanes of the main road.About400 miles of streets will be closed to cars.It is expected to bring significant reduction in pollution levels."Last year's car-free day showed a 40% drop in pollution levels in some parts of the city, according to an independent air pollution monitor", reports the Guardian,"and some levels dropped by50%in the city centre.'Q3: What will happen on World Car Free Day in Paris?Q4:What motivated the mayor of Paris to promote the first World Car Free Day in her city?News report 3A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations. Then,a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed changed his life.The unidentified man had fished out a giant pearl from the ocean when his anchor got stuck on the rock while sailing off a coastal island in the Philippines ten years ago.When he was forced to sell it, the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesca told him that the 77-pound giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his rundown wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world, which was valued at f76 million.The pearl of Allah, which is currently on display in a New York museum,only weighs 14 pounds.That is five times smaller than the pearl that the fisher man just handed in.The monstrous pearl, measured at1foot wide and 2.2 feet long, is going to be verified by local experts and international authorities before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists in the little town.O5: What happened to the Philippine fisherman one day?Q6: What was the fisherman forced to do?Q7:What did the fisherman learn from the tourist agent?Section BLong conversation 1WOMAN: Mr. Smith, It’s a pleasure meeting you!Man: Nice to meet you, too. What can I do for you?WOMAN: Well, I’m here to show you what our firm can do for you. Astro Consultants has branches in over fifty countries, offer ing different business services. We’re a global company with 75 years of history. And our clients include some of the world’s largest companies【8】.MAN: Thank you, Mrs. Houston. I know Astro Consultants is a famous company. But you said you would show me what you could do for me. Well. What exactly can your firm do for my company?WOMAN: We advise businesses on all matters, from market analysis to legal issues. Anything a business like yours could meet. Our firm offers expert advice. Could I ask you, Mr. Smith, to tell me a little about your company and the challenges you face? That way, I could better respond as to how we can help you.Man: OK, sure. This is a family business started by my grandfather in 1950. We employ just over 100 people. We manufacture an export stone for buildings and other constructions. Our clients usually want a special kind of stone cut in a special design. And that’s what we do in our factory【9】. Our main challengeis that our national currency is rising, and we’re losing competitive advantages to stone produces in India 【10】.WOMAN: I see. That’s very interesting. I will suggest that you let us first conduct a financial analysis of【11】That way, we could offer theyour company, together with the analysis of your competitors in India.best advice on different ways forward for you.Q8: What do we learn about the woman’s company?Q9: What does the man say about his own company?Q10: What is the main problem with the man’s company?Q11: What does the woman suggest doing to help the man’scompany?Long conversation 2Woman: Wow, congratulations, Simon! The place looks absolutely amazing!Man: Really? You think so?W: Of course. I love it. It looks like you had a professional interior designer. But you didn’t, did you?myself with a little help from my brother, Greg. He’s actually in the constructionM: No. I did it all bybusiness, which was really helpful.W: Honestly, I’m impressed! I know I can probably repaint the walls in my house over a weekend or something, but not a full renovation. Where did you get your ideas? I wouldn’t know where to start.[12]M: Well, for a while now, I’ve been regularly buying home design magazines. Every now and then, I’d saved the pictures I liked. Believe it or not, I have a full notebook of magazine pages. [13] Since by overall style was quite minimal, I thought and hoped a whole renovation wouldn’t be too difficult. And sure enough, with Greg’s help, it was very achievable.W: Wasn’t it expensive? I have imagined a project like this could be.M: Actually, it was surprisingly affordable. I managed to sell a lot of my old furniture and put that extra money towards the new material. [14] Greg was also able to get some discount materials from a recent project he was working on as well.W: Great! If you don’t mind, I’d like to pick your brain a bit more. Johansson and I are thinking of renovating our sitting room, not the whole house, not yet anyway. And we’d love to get some inspiration from your experience. [15] Are you free to come over for a coffee early next week?Q12: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?）Q13: Where did the man get his ideas for the project?Q14: What did the man say about the project he recently completed?Q15: Why does the woman invite the man to her house next week?Section CPassage 1Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost E3m year , a studysuggests.[Q16]Children were responsible for the vast majority of cases-95% of objects removed from noses and 85%from ears.Every year, an average of 1,218nose and2,479ear removals took place between 2010 and 2016. According to England's Hospital Episode Statistics, children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors fora foreign object in their nose.Five to nine year old come to the hospital with something in their ear the most. Jewelry items accounted for up to 40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children. Paper and plastic toys were the items removed next most from noses. Cotton buds and pencils were also found in ears.[Q17]According to the study, the occurrence of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to curiosity Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears. This results in the accidental entry of foreign objects.[Q18]Any ear, nose and throat surgeon has many weird stories about wonderful objects found in the noses and ears of children and adults.Batteries can pose a particular danger.In all cases, prevention is better than cure. This is why many toys contain warnings about small parts. Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important.Q16:What does England spend an annual E3m on?Q17:What do we learn from England's Hospital Episode Statistics?Q18:What is generally believed to account for children putting things in their ears or noses?Passage 2Good morning, I’d like to talk to you about my charity ReBicycle. But before that, let me introduce someone. This is Leila Rahimi. She was so scared when she first moved to New Zeal-and that she struggled to leave the house and would spend days working up the courage to walk to the supermarketfor basic supplies. After a few months of being quite down and unhappy, she was invited to join a local bike club. At this time, ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle.[Q19] In weeks, her depression had begun to ease as she cycled. The bicycle totally changed her life, giving her hope and a true feeling of freedom.To date, ReBicycle has donated more than 200 bikes to those in need, and is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars.[Q20] With a bike, you can travel farther but for almost no cost. The three hours a day that used to spend on walking to and from English language lessons has been reduced to just one hour. Our bike-riding lessons are so successful that we are urgently looking for more volunteers. [Q21] Learning to ride a bike is almost always more difficult as an adult, and this can take days and weeks, rather than hours. So, if any of you have some free time during the weekend, please come join us at Re Bicycle and mak e a difference in someone’s life.Q19: What did Re Bicycle do to help Leila Rahimi?Q20: What is Re Bicycle doing to help those in need?Q21: What do we learn from the passage about the Re Bicycle?Passage 3Thanks to the International Space Station we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body, but NASA scientists want to learn more. To that end, they have been studying how other（22）. The results are both interesting and species deal with low gravity, specifically focusing on micehumorous.The scientists first send some mice in a specially designed cage to the International Space Station. The cage allowed them to study the behavior of the mice remotely from Earth via video. As you noticed in the video, the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. They move around clumsily, drifting within the small confines of the cage and do their best to figure out which way is up, but without success. (23) However, it’s not long before the mice begin to catch on. They adapt remarkablywell to their new environment and even using the lack of gravity to their advantage as they push themselves around the cage.That’s when things really get wild. The 11th day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it. (24) Several of the mice are observed running around the cage walls.The scientists wanted to see whether the mice would continue doing the same kinds of activities they were observed doing on Earth. The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact, including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry. (25)Q22 What do Nasa scientists want to learn about?Q23 What does the passage say about the mice at the beginning of the experiment?Q24 What was observed about the mice on the 11th day of the experiment?Q25 What did the scientists find about the mice from the experiment?Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section A（第1套）Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ton blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When my son completes a task, I can’t help but praise him. It’s only natural to give praise where praise is due,right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don’t benefit from 26 praise as much as we’d like to think.“Parents often praise, believing theyare building their child’s self-confidence.However,over-praising can have a 27 effect,” says Phillip.“Whenwe use the same praise 28 , it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be 29 with praise.This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of 30 their parents.”Docs this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no,“The key to healthy praise is 1o focus on the process rather than the 31 it is the recognition of a child’s attempt, or the process in which t hey achieved something, that is essential,”she says, “Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”So how do we break the 32 of praise we’re all so accustomed to? Phillip says it’s important to 33 between “person praise”and “process raise”.“Person praise is 34 saying how great someone is. It’s a formpersonal approval. Process praise s acknowledgement of the efforts te person has just 35 . Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,” says Phillip.A) chooseB) constantC) disappointingD) distinguishE) exhaustingF) experiencedG) negativeH) outcomeI ) patternJ) pluralK) repeatedlyL) rewardedM) separatelyN) simplyO) undertaken答案：26.B27.G28.K29.L30.C31.H32.I33.D34.N35.OSection BPoverty is a story about us, not them[A] Too often still we think we know the poverty looks like. It's the way we've been taught, the images we’ve been forced-fed decades. The chronically homeless. The undocumented immigrant. The urban poor, usually personified as a woman of color, the"welfare queen" politicians still too often reference.[B] But as income inequality rises to record levels in the United States, even in the midst of a record economic expansions,.those familiar images are outdated, hurtful and counterproductive to focusing attention on solutions and building ladders of opportunity.IC] Today 's faces of inequality and lack of opportunity look like all of us. It's Anna Landre, a disabled Georgetown University student fighting to keep health benefits that allow-her the freedom to live her lifelt's Tiffanie Standard, a counselor for young women of color in Philadelphia who want to be techentrepreneurs — but who must work multiple jobs to stay afloat.It's Ken Outlaw, a welder in rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a local community college was dashed by Hurricane Florence-just one of the extreme weather events that have tipped the balance for struggling Americans across the nation,[D] If these arc the central characters of our story about poverty. what layers of perceptions, myths, and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support? In pursuit of revealing thiscomplicated reality,Mothering Justice, led by women of color, went last year to the state capital in Lansing, Michigan, to lobby on issues that affect working mothers.One of the Mothering Justiceorganizers went to the office of a state representative to talk about the lack of affordable childcare - the vestiges (痕迹)) of a system that expected mothers to stay home with their children while their husbands worked, A legislative staffer dismissed the activist’s concerns, telling her“my husband took care of that -l stayed home.”[E] That comment, says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson., "was meant to shame" and relied on the familiar trope that a woman of color concemed about income inequality and programs thatpromote mobility must by definition be a single mom, probably with multiple kids.,In this case.Mothering Justice activist happened to be married.And in most cases in the America of 2019, the images that come to mind when we hear the words poverty or income inequality fail miserably in reflecting a complicatedreality: poverty touches virtually all of us. The face of income inequality, for all but a very few of us, is the one we each see in the mirror.[F] How many of us are poor in the U.S.? It depends on who you ask. According to the Census Bureau,38 million people in the U.S. are living below the official poverty thresholds,Taking into account economic need beyond that absolute measure,the Institute for Policy Studies found that 140 million peoplc are poor or low-income. That's almost half the U.S population.[G] Whatever the measure,within that massive group, poverty is extremely diverse.We know that some people are more affected than others, like children, the elderly, people with disabilities, and people of color.[H] But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans can't come up with $400 in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason:economic instability stretches across race, gender, and geography.It evenreaches into the middle classes, as real wages have stagnated (不增长) for all but the very wealthy and temporary spells of financial instability are not uncommon.[I] Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it. The big American myth is that you can pull yourself up by your own effort and change a bad situation into a good one. The reality is that finding opportunity without help from families,friends. schools ，, and community is virtually impossible.And the playing field is nothing close to level.[J] The Frame Works institute, a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom."People view economic success and well being in life as product of choice, willpower, drive, grit, and gumption,"says NatKendall-Taylor, CEO of Frame Works. “When we see people who are struggling.” he says, those assumptions “lead us to the perception that people in poverty are lazy. they don’t care, and they haven 't made the right decisions.”[K] Does this sound familiar? Similar ideas surround poverty in the U.S.And these assumptions wreak havoc on reality."When people enter into that pattern of thinking," says Kendall-Taylor," it 's cognitively comfortable to make sense of issues of poverty in that way. It creates a kind of cognitive blindness - all of the factors external to a person 's drive and choices that they've made become invisible and fade fromv iew.”Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work ot struetual discrimination based on race,gender, or ability. Assumptions get worse when people who are poor use government benefits to help them survive. There is a great tension between "the poor" and those who are receiving what has become a dirty word:"welfare."According to the General Social Survey, 7l percent of respondents believe the contry is spending too little on a"welfare":37 percent believe we are spending too much,[N] "Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color - specifically black women and black mothers," says Atkinson of Mothering Justice. It's true that black mothers are more affected by poverty，Americansthan many other groups,yet they are disproportionately the face of poverty.For exampleroutinely overestimate the share of black recipients of public assistance programs.[O] In reality, most people will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives. Indeed, people tend to dip in and out of poverty,perhaps due to unexpected obstacles like losing a job,or when hours of a low-wage job fluctuate.[P] Something each of us can do is to treat each other with the dignity and sympathy that is deserved and to understand deeply that the issue of poverty touches all of us.答案：36.[E] That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"37.[H] But the fact that 4 in 10 Americans can't come up with $400 in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason: economic instability stretches across race,gender ,and geography.38.[M]According to the General Social Survey,71 percent ofrespondents believe the country is spending too little on"assistance to the poor. "39.[J] The Frame Works Institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereo types and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom40.[D] lf these are the central characters of our story about poverty,what layers of perceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?。