高考主谓一致精讲精炼

2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（主谓一致）教师版 考点清单一、就远一致 要点精讲：主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，along with，together with, as well as, rather than, including, like, but, except，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致。 例1：No one but John and his teachers knows the truth of the experiment. 例2：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to my forty-ninth birthday party last Friday. 例3：Alice, together with her friends, was praised for having won honor for their school. 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. (2019江苏改编) The musician along with his band members ______________(give) ten performances in the last three months. 2. (2019天津改编)Amy, as well as her brothers, _____________ (give) a welcome when returning to the village last week. 3. (2017天津改编)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 【答案与解析】 1. has given。in the last three months常与现在完成时连用；along with his band members是介词短语，真正主语是The musician。故答案是has given。 2. was given。last week常与一般过去时连用；as well as her brothers表示“也，而且”，谓语与真正的主语Tom保持一致，单数意义，又是被动语态。故答案是was given。 3. is regarded。Nowadays常与一般现在时连用；along with jogging and swimming是介词短语，真正主语是cycling，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是is regarded。 考点清单二、就近一致 要点精讲1：并列连词either…or…, neither…nor…, not…but, not only…but also…等连接并列主语时，谓语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 例4：Is either he or you not telling the truth? 例5：Not only you but also she is to blame for the traffic accident. 例6：Neither the leader nor the farmers are responsible for the heavy losses. 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 4. Either you or one of your students _______ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 5. Not only I but also David and Iris _______ (be) fond of playing basketball. 6._____ (be) either he or you to host the Talent Show in our school this year? 【答案与解析】 4. is。either…or…表示“或者……或者……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是one of your students，单数意义。be to do表示按计划将要发生，故答案是is。 5. are。not only…but also…表示“不但……而且……”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是David and Iris，复数意义。故答案是are。 6. Is。neither…not…表示“既不……也不……”，本句是一般疑问句，因此谓语的一部分移到句首，距离谓语最近主语是he，单数意义。故答案是Is。 要点精讲2：There be句型及The following句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 例7：There is a pencil and two dictionaries on the desk. 例8：There are two dictionaries and a pencil on the desk. 例9：The following is the information about plays which will be on these days. 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 7. The following _______ (be) some other examples for you to refer to. 8. There _______(be) millions of websites on the Internet and there _______(be) a lot of useful information on the websites. 9. Between the two rows of trees __________(stand) the newly built teaching building. 【答案与解析】 7. are。The following….属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。本句主语是some other examples，故答案是are。 8. are; is。There be…句型属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。两句主语分别是millions of websites和a lot of useful information，故答案是are; is。 9. stands。本句是介词短语位于句首构成倒装句，真正的主语是the newly built teaching building，单数意义。故答案是stands。 考点清单三、意义一致 要点精讲1：family, class, committee, team, group, crew, audience等集体名词强调整体谓语用单数，强调成员谓语用复数。 例10：The football team is made up of 23 members. 例11：The football team are taking their training course on the playground. 例12：All the crew are on board except the electrician. 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 10. Her family_________ (be) larger than mine and her family __________ (watch) TV now. 11. After hearing his inspiring speech, the audience _____________(move) by his story and his words. 12. The committee _________ (make) up of 20 members, who _________ (be) all experts in medicine. 【答案与解析】 10. is；are watching。该句意为：他们家庭比我们家大，现在她的家人们正在看电视。第一空family指整体，单数；第二空指家庭成员，应用复数。故答案是is；are watching。 11. were moved。根据语境逻辑应用一般过去时的被动语态；这里强调观众们，强调成员，应用复数形式。故答案是were moved。 12. is made; are。be made up of表示“由……组成”；the committee这里强调整体，单数意义。第二空是定语从句，先行词是20 members，复数意义，故答案是is made; are。 要点精讲2：某些集体名词如people, police, cattle, oxen谓语动词必须用复数。 例13：The police are searching the forest for the eight escaped prisoners. 例14：The cattle are rounded up in the evenings every day. 例15：The Chinese people are characterized by modesty. 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 13. The police _____________(search) for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. 【答案与解析】 13. were searching。was/were doing…when…是固定句型，表示“正在做某事这时发生另一件意外的事”；police表示警察总称，复数意义。故答案是were searching。 要点精讲3：单复数同形的名词(sheep, deer, works, means, species, Chinese, Japanese )等作主语时，谓语动词应根据其意义或限定词决定单、复数。 例16：This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. 例17：Such a chemical works is to be closed by the local government next year. 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 14. Every possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 15. All possible means ____________(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 【答案与解析】 14. has been tried。means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词every,单数意义，故答案是has been tried。 15. have been tried。means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词all,复数意义，故答案是have been tried。 要点精讲4：the + 形容词（或分词）主语表示一类人时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich, the poor, the brave, the injured, the living, the wounded等。 例18：The living are trying their best to rescue those trapped in the ruins.

2019-2020年高考英语语法精讲精练精析-主谓一致谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这被称为主谓一致。

但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。

一、语法一致原则一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

The number of errors was surprising. 错误之多是惊人的。

They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

二、意义一致原则主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的在含义。

主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采用复数形式；主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采用单数形式。

The crowd were fighting for their lives. 这些人正为生存而战斗。

Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. 在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。

(一)谓语动词为单数的情况1．由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。

The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自。

比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家来自。

Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 黄油面包是西方的日常饮食。

2．every...and (every)．..，each...and (each)．.., no...and (no)．.., many a．..and (many a)．..连接两个单数名词作主语。

考点12主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。

近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近一致三个方面上。

主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形式出题。

预计2023年高考主谓一致不会单独考查，主要与动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。

1.掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；2.掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；3.掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；4.掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。

高考主谓一致的知识结构twins.quantities考向一、语法一致原则语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1.单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。

☛His father is working on the farm.☛Time is money.☛To finish all the work on time is impossible.☛Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.☛The children are in the classroom2hours ago.◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。

What I bought were3English books.What I say and do are helpful to you.2.由and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。

Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are friends.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。

12. 语法填空突破策略(时态、语态、主谓一致)养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

【题型概览】语法填空试题中，若句中无谓语动词, 或者虽然已有谓语动词, 但需填的动词与之是并列关系时, 所给动词就是谓语动词;此时, 应先考虑时态, 考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态, 然后考虑语态, 最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题, 来确定谓语动词的数。

【突破策略】突破策略1“四角度”定时态角度1:时间状语标志词【真题示例】(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且句中有标志性的时间状语时, 应根据时间状语考虑相应的时态。

In the last five years为现在完成时的标志词, 主语Cao为第三人称单数, 故填has walked。

角度2:固定句式(1)was/were doing. . . when+一般过去时(2)was/were about to do. . . when+一般过去时(3)had (just) done. . . when+一般过去时(4)Hardly +had +主语+done. . . when+一般过去时.(5)No sooner +had+主语+done. . . than+一般过去时.(6)This/That/It is the +序数词+time +that+现在完成时.(7)This/That/It was the +序数词+time +that+过去完成时.(8)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时.【真题示例】(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry_______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.【解答思路】分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且该句是固定句式“was/were doing. . . when(正在做某事, 这时……)”, 主语Henry为第三人称单数, 故填was fixing。

2022新课标高三第二轮语法考点精讲精练--名词和主谓一致（学生版）（一）分类（二）转换物质名词与个体名词的相互转换规则变化单数名词词尾直截了当加-sboy — boys pen — pens以s，x ，ch，sh结尾的单词一样加-esglass—glasses box—boxes watch—watchesbrush—brushes特例：stomach — stomachs以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”baby—babies lady —ladies注意：penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同：pence（便士的钱数）pennies(便士的枚数)以“o”结尾的多数加-sradios zoos photos pianos kilos tobaccos而下列名词的复数却要加-es：tomato —tomatoes potato —potatoes hero —heroes以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-eswife—wives self — selves特例：handkerchief—handkerchiefs gulf—gulfsbelief—beliefs不规则变化改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men woman-women foot-feet goose-geesemouse-mice特例：child-children单复数相同s heep deer means（方法）works（作品、工厂、著作）合成名词变成复数的情形：●将主体名词变为复数●无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数●将两部分都变为复数●sons-in-law lookers-on passers-by story-tellersboy friends●grown-ups housewives stopwatches●wome n singers men servants在熟悉以上规则的基础上，专门注意以下几点：1.注意以下名词数的概念①以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news, the United States②集合名词：表示一类事物的集合或总称，没有复数形式machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence③单数和复数形式表达不同的意思custom风俗，适应—customs海关damage损害—damages赔偿金good好处，利益—goods物资time时刻—times时代，次数，倍数fish 鱼肉—fishes 各种鱼paper 纸—papers 试卷，文件water 水—waters 水域room 空间—rooms 房间time 时刻—times 时代arm 手臂—arms 武器④有些抽象名词有时以复数形式显现，表示具体化，意义发生变化或构成固定短语。

（一）分类（二）转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换物质名词与个体名词的相互转换抽象名词与个体名词的转换热忱的欢迎convenience food快餐convenient food制作方便的食品名词是英语的主要词汇之一，也是历年高考的重要考点。

综合近几年高考对名词的考查，单项填空题中，每年都出现1—2道题。

此外，在阅读理解和完形填空中，名词的一词多义、熟词新意也经常涉及。

因此，在备考中一定要结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等。

①We awaeeA woman with a bab wa on the buNobod but Jim and Mie wa on the ing toe modation【答案】D【解析】accommodation表示“住处”；occu mitment C com mitment意为“投入；奉献；承诺”；common________A mon ________, hi deciion i not wieA wordB viewC ightD wa【答案】B【解析】句意：在我看来，他的决定不明智。

in one’ view表示“在某人看来”。

Engih teacher i rea ver ind I’ never forget the ________he ha done meA favorB deedC heeanB a had been etted without much________A affectB affairC effectD effort 【答案】D【解析】affect影响；affair事务；effect影响，效果；effort尝试，努力。

句意：据报道，问题没费多大事就解决了。

根据语意可知，D项正确。

without effort意思是“毫不费力地”。

ith made toda gave a trong ________on the tudentA e ae an im ent ha decided to give________ to thoe environmenta-friend buinee in man aef into the water without________A heitationB uggetionC orderD aing【答案】A【解析】发现一名女孩正在水中挣扎，他毫不犹豫地跳入水里。

Section ⅣGrammar主谓一致1．(教材P2)Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are(be) all going to visit them in the forest.2．(教材P2)Watching a family of chimps wake up is(be) our first activity of the day.3．(教材P2)Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins(begin) to wake up and move off.4．(教材P2)Jane warns us that our group is(be) going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.5．Ten hours has(have) passed since I came here.一、名词作主语时的主谓一致1．只表示复数意义的名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。

The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.警察正在搜寻一个留着胡子的皮肤黝黑的高个子男人。

2．集体名词crowd, family, team, group, government, committee, class, union, firm, staff, public等作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。

强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；强调各个成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。

My family is a big one.我家是一个大家庭。

语法精练---主谓一致必修 4 unit 1Subject-Verb agreement (主谓一致)【命题趋向】高考考察一些特殊名词在主谓一致情况下的形式，如改错,单选等题目。

【基础知识】一、主谓一致的三个原则所谓一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称数、性等方面的协调关系。

主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。

一个句子中主谓一致有三种基本原则：语法一致；意义一致；就近一致。

1)语法一致：指句中的动词要和它的主语在语法形式上保持一致。

其最基本的规则是：单数主语需要用单数动词复数主语需要用复数动词。

如：No further explanation has been given by them so far 。

到目前为止，他们还没有作出进一步的解释。

2)意义一致：从意义上看眼处理主谓一致关系，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志。

如：主语的语法形式为单数，但表示单数意义，谓语动词往往用单数。

如：Bread and butter is what little John enjoys. 小约翰喜欢吃涂有黄油的面包。

(主语加虽有and ，但应作为一个整体看待，即“涂了黄油的面包”。

)3)就近一致：即谓语动词的人称和数往往与最近的主语保持一致。

如：-Not only the students but also teachers should make full use of their time to improvethemselves.不仅学生而且老师也要充分利用时间提高自己。

二、主谓一致用法应用时注意的问题：1)当主语为表示“距离”，“时间”,“长度”，“价值”，“金额”，“重量”，“容量”等复数名词时，可以将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

Six months is too short a time to learn a language .六个月时间太短，不能学会一门语言。