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3th Feb 口语这部分笔记不多.一,在第一题目,考生需要谈及自己所熟悉的人,地点,物品或事件.答题时间为45秒.此题的主题是不固定的.但是考生可以根据自己的个人经历或是一个熟悉的话题来作答.二,第一题中要求考生对话题进行详细的描述,同时也要求考生给出理由.比如,解释为什么那件事是很重要的,为什么喜爱那次活动,以及那个人是怎样影响你的等等.注意:一定要对题目做出全面的回答.考生的回答必须包含细节描述或是事例,这样会使回答更具信息量,也更容易被理解.三.1,尽量实物化,最好有数字和时间等量化的东西,越具体越详细越好.2,口语要靠平时多练,在生活中,也可以给自己提问题,然后尝试着用英文回答.就是设问3,口语中尽量使用简单词汇.四. Topic︱Idea---details︱Idea---details︱Ending五,上课期间老师放了一位俄罗斯学生的口语答案,主题是最喜欢去的国家这位学生主要从以下几方面来回答了这个问题: 最喜欢去的是法国1,有法国朋友２去了几次（具体细节）３学法语（１２岁开始学）４从南方到北方５喜欢的法餐cheese wine整个过程中有了一两处语法错误,语音也不是十分的标准,但是逻辑非常缜密,内容非常详细,在说的过程中说去了3times比说去了several times好得多. Tips:1,对于口语部分的所有题目,考生有45—60分钟时间来作答,在备考过程中要注意做相应的计时练习.对于滔滔不绝的同学来说,不要担心说不完,真正的考试中很多考生是说不完的,这不会影响成绩.但对于有些没话说的考生,可以适当加长自己的句子,尽量把时间全部用完.2,列出自己所熟悉的话题,并根据他们进行练习,不妨从描绘一个熟悉的地方或是一段个人经历开始.3,在描述过程中不要列举过多的内容,因为这样会减少有限制的作答时间,使得之后的回答显得草率,匆忙而无法扩展.4,提出观点，建立细节，用时间，数字，具体物名来说明.5,将自己的声音录下来,检查自己的发音是否清晰以及表达是否流畅.然后请一位英语教师用IBT的口语评分标准进行评分.一些口语论坛上有.Words: hooded jacket 带帽风衣Hold your horse 稍等一下Parade 游行阅兵炫耀7th Speaking口语部分的笔记也不是很多,因为课上主要以讲义为主,而讲义又以代表性的例题为主.而且课程中以纠正发音的时间占了不少,自认为口音不准的同学可以去听听课, 自己认为口音很好的同学听听课也不妨, 因为以前以为自己口音还不错,但是还是发现有读的不准确的单词,但是我觉得口音这东西想要跟老美一样是不可能的,而且ETS的评分标准中也强调了口音不是最重要的标准,大家说的只要不让评分人员产生误解就好了.口语这边大多在讲义上讲所以我就直接写TIPS啦TIPS:1,口语考试全靠平时练,和作文一样,别指望临时抱佛脚,没用的.2,口语老师也反复强调听写是提高听力的唯一途径,而且听力是IBT中的重中之重,口语中的3,4,5,6题也需要听力能力,所以听写吧.我的想法跟口语老师一样,每天保证质量的练习听力一小时足够,也就是3个段子左右.听力老师小马说要每天两—五小时,我觉得太夸张了,根本没必要.这东西不是说成就能成的.3,关于听写的材料. 如果想短期内只是应付考试的话推荐2000年---2005年的TOEFL真题,并且听写完了自己总结main idea.听写主要分为1,小词阶段(两个星期左右) 2,单句阶段(2,3个星期左右) 3,完整阶段4,对于口语1,2题在考前10分钟的break的时候可以直接把模板写下来.第三题目的对话中有细节,应该认真听.5,口语中第1,2题最简单,第4题最难,第3,6题居中.6,口语训练的三个阶段:准确缓慢---熟练---高声迅速2.15speaking：口语课上主要做练习，讲了5，6题的模版（讲义上有）。
新TOEFL基础走读班基础口语主讲人：董堂荣（上海新东方学校）Ten Tipsfor Cracking the Spoken EnglishTip 1: Be prepared to speak from the notes, not a transcript.✓15 seconds/30 seconds/ 20seconds✓Learn to make an outlineTip 2: Organize your thoughts and speech as a paragraph, not a standard essay.✓Never talk like a book.✓Topic + supporting detailsTip 3: Use familiar vocabulary.✓Be yourself and be conversational.✓Never try to ―sound‖ like a ―professor‖.✓Never freak others.Tip4: Use short, simple sentences.✓Official Answer:My grandmother has been a very important person in my life. She’salways given me excellent advice and encouraged me. For example,when I was senior year of high school, I was unsure about university .Icouldn’t decide between chemistry and math. My math marks werevery high, but I loved using the test tubes and mixing chemicals in thelad. My grandmother told me …….Tip 5: Vary your vocabulary and sentence structure.✓Example: The student is frustrated with her roommate. She is frustrated because she feels she does more cleaning work than herroommate does. Because she is frustrated about her roommate, shewants to change roommate.✓No.2: The student expresses a lot of frustration about her roommate.She feels very sad because she believes she does more cleaning thanher roommate does. She is upset about this that she wants to change apartner.Tip 6: Use transitions appropriately.✓Transition words can indicate:⏹1-sequence (first, second, next, then..)⏹2-connection (moreover, furthermore..)⏹3-contrast (however, but…)⏹4-example (for example, for instance, like)⏹5-explanation (therefore, because, due to.)Tip 7: Use idioms in moderation, but not slang.✓Use good idioms can show good language skills.✓Flying color: He passed the TOEFL with flying color.Tip 8: Pay attention to your pronunciation.✓Movie:⏹射手网：⏹美剧迷：⏹破烂熊：⏹人人影视：⏹豆瓣美剧组：/group/ustv/Tip9: Speak at an even pace and with a regular rhythm.✓Too quickly––nervousness✓Too slowly ––limitation✓Rhythm –– proper stress of word, proper pauses between phrases andclauses.✓Unstressed ––Function words⏹Articles:a,an, the,some⏹Prepositions:in, at,on,to, for.⏹Pronouns:I,you,he,she,it.⏹Conjunctions:and,but,yet.for,since⏹Auxiliary verbs: be,has/have,will✓Stressed –– Content words⏹Nouns:person,place,thing⏹Verbs and participles negatives:work,sing,no,not,do not⏹Adjectives:big,pretty,thorough⏹Adverbs:quickly,finally,too,very⏹Interrogative pronouns: who,what,where⏹Demonstratives pronouns:this, that,thoseTip10:Be concise✓Try to be brief but informative.✓Using cohesive devices is a good way to be concise.⏹ 1. √ pronouns––x repetition √save time⏹ 2. X unnecessary dependent clauses⏹ 3. √ parallel structureDictation is the best way to improve listening.听写/跟读——迅速提高听力✓云里雾里——听写✓听一句，写一句（以句群为单位）✓写下能听出的单词，不会的空格✓重复动作（不要太折磨自己）✓对照原文，找出弱点（音？词？句式？）✓口语复述/跟读——口3456/写1听写的要求✓以意群，句群为单位听写✓不要超过5遍✓听完再看文字答案✓不要做过难的文章听写✓不要做同一类型的听写Question1 &Question 2Your Answer: TST✓Topic sentence:⏹Personally, I would have to say that…(the person) I like most is …⏹In my view, (the person) I like most …⏹Concerning about this question, I definitely choose …as myfavorite …⏹When talking about my favorite … I have to mention …✓Supporting details:⏹And there are a couple of reasons to name.⏹My reasons are several fold …⏹My reasons are as follows …✓Conclusion (it depends):⏹Thus, in short, to conclude, in brief, in the end, in summary, tosum up, as already stated …⏹That is why I like … so much.⏹Above all, they are the reasons that I choose … as my favorite.⏹In general, I think the important qualities of … are …✓Transitional words:⏹Firstly, secondly, besides⏹Besides⏹For example⏹Such as⏹For instance⏹In additionPair-choice (A or B):✓Choose your position:⏹A↗●A↗(totally)●A↗+ B↘⏹B↗●B↗(totally)●B↗+ A↘⏹A↗and B↗（切入点）●It depends …●Vary from situation to situation●… while …●Different answer in different situations.✓Topic sentence:⏹As we all know …⏹I prefer to choose …⏹In my view …⏹In my opinion …⏹As far as I am concerned, … is better for me/students and here aresome of the important reasons.✓Template:⏹Concerning about this question, I think it depends on__________. If __________, like __________, I prefer to__________, because __________. On the other hand, if__________, __________ is better, because __________.Skill of Buying Time:✓You know …✓Actually I mean …✓As a matter of fact …✓Well …✓Which is quite obvious …✓Which is kind of …1. Describe People:✓Sample answer: Describe a person that you admire most and explain why you admire him or her. Please include specific examples anddetails in your explanation.✓Template:__________ is the person that I __________ most.（点题）Nowadays, he/she is__________（描述）. Reasons number one,he/she is __________（素质1）. For example, __________.Moreover, __________. Besides this, he/she is also __________（素质2）. Whenever we have __________, __________. Finally,he/she is very __________（素质3）. Whenever he/she is__________. I learn a lot from him/her and that’s why I__________ him/her so much. (Because of these reasons, I choose__________ as my __________ person.)2. Describe Object:✓Sample answer: Describe one object that is of special value to you and explain why it is of special value to you. Please include specificexamples and details in your explanation.✓Temple: The object that is of special value to me is __________.（点题）It is __________.（描述）To begin with, it was given by my__________.（历史）Whenever I saw it, I could remember the days Ispent with __________. Secondly, I was __________, I__________.（功能）The __________was of great assistance to me.I used this __________. Without it, I could __________.Because of this special __________, I __________.3. Describe Studying:✓Question 3Reading –– Listening –– Speaking:✓Reading: passage/75-100 words/45 seconds (Notice, Announcement) ✓Listening: monologue/ dialogue✓Speaking: 30 seconds to prepare/60 seconds to answer✓Campus-based question topic✓Reading: topic –– policy –– reasons✓Listening: 2 students (male/female) ––policy –– personal view（反驳）Your Task:✓Summarize an opinion about it.✓Explain the reason or the background.✓Connect listening and reading passages. (Agree/ disagree)✓No need to have personal opinion.Template:Topic: School Policy✓饮食：Hot breakfast eliminated new café, renew the cafeteria,remove the TV-set.✓住宿：Renovate dorm, off-campus students housing, summer dorm rent.✓交通：New shuttle bus, parking lot, no parking for freshman.✓艺文活动：Close art gallery, orientation activity (hiking), group activity.✓行政服务：Mentor service, expansion of university radio station,rebuild the teaching building,reduce heating cost.✓医疗保健：Health center, health insurance.✓课程/学习：Lab report, professional paper, cancel office hour, sculpture classes, advanced writing courses, reschedule marketingcourse, student-teach program, summer reading requirement.✓图书馆/电脑室：24 hour library during final exam, change seats, promote the library, online service, photocopy, rare books section,evening computer classes, apply for jobs in computer center.Question 4Reading –– Listening –– Speaking:✓Reading: passage/ 75-100 words/ 45 seconds/ provide background or context✓Listening: 2 minutes/ the professor will illustrate the topic more specifically✓Academic based topic✓Reading: term学术术语（notes）→引入语→concept（概念）→解释（概括）✓Listening: professor (inform) →examples✓The relationship between reading and listening:⏹分类：Classify, each kind, many kinds, divide into.⏹顺序：History, development, evolution, how.⏹研讨：Seminar, group, discussion.⏹因果：Disease.Template:Topic:✓市场营销、广告：⏹营销4M：Market, message, media, money.⏹抽样市场调查：MWBA.⏹产品定位：Product location.⏹广告的断章取义：Quoting from the text.⏹集体归属感：Affiliation.⏹客户满意度行销：Customer satisfaction.✓经济学：⏹正向外部性：Positive externality.⏹沉默成本：Sunk cost.⏹印象管理：Impression management.⏹系统性思考：System thinking.⏹加盟连锁商店：Franchise store.✓人类学、社会学、生态学、生物化学：⏹超国家组织：Supranational organization.⏹印第安人：Native Americans.⏹次级生态演替：Secondary ecological succession.⏹过敏反应：Allergy reaction.⏹安慰剂效应：Placebo effect.Question 5Listening –– Speaking:✓Listen to a conversation about 60-90 seconds✓20 seconds to prepare/ 60 seconds to answer✓Campus-based topic✓Problem & solution:⏹Student/ professor: office hour⏹Student/ staff: service encounter⏹Student/ student: students interaction✓Listening conversation example:⏹A: (Greeting)⏹B: But…/ If only…/ I’m having a problem of…⏹A: Suggestion 1 (How about…/ What about…/ Why not…/ Whydon’t you…/ You’d better…/ If I were you, I would…)⏹B: Sounds great, but… (纠结1)⏹A: Suggestion 2⏹B: Well, however … (纠结2)Your Task:✓Problem✓Suggestion 1✓Suggestion 2✓Your personal opinion✓ReasonsTemplate:Topic:✓课业：Seminar, study group, final draft, presentation, international新TOEFL基础走读班基础口语club president go abroad.✓打工问题：Low pay internship, assistant bad feedback.✓交通问题：Rent a van, car broke down, free-bus policy.✓住宿问题：No available dormitory, roommate, change dorm, keep pet, relative visit.✓校园活动：Speech competition, drama rehearsal, singing group no solo, outdoor musical festival.✓校刊/期刊：Photo quality, no movie review, interview a star.✓选课：Hot modern literature, drop history class.Question 6Listening –– Speaking:✓Listen to a 2minutes lecture✓20 seconds to prepare/ 60 seconds to answer✓Academic based topic✓1X + 2Y: topic (sentence) →how (A, B)Template:11。
