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普通化学 General Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学 Physical Chemistry谱学导论 Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验 Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry 现在基础化学 The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验 Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry 有机化学实验 Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验 Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physica 合成化学实验 Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题 Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验 Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理 Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验 Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验 Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学 Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学 Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学 Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定 Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展 Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学 Applied Electrochemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis环境化学 Environmental Chemistry环境监测 Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语 Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用 Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry化工制图 Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验 Computer and Chemical Measurement化学信息学 Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题 Special Topics in Applied Chemistry方案(建议书)proposal可行性研究 feasibility study方案设计 concept design工艺设计 process design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design开工会议 - kick-off meeting审核会议 review meeting外商投资 foreign investment中外合资 joint venture中外合营 joint venture补偿贸易 compensation trade合同合同附件 contract卖方 vendor买方 buyer顾客 client承包商 contractor工程公司 company供应范围 scope of supply生产范围 production scope生产能力 production capacity项目 project界区 battery limit装置 plant公用工程 utilities工艺流程图 process flow diagram工艺流程方块图 process block diagram管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout设备表 equipment list成品(产品)() product(final product)副产品 by-product原料 raw-material设计基础数据 basic data for design技术数据 technical data数据表 data sheet设计文件 design document设计规定 design regulation现场服务 site service项目变更 project change用户变更 client change消耗定额 consumption quota技术转让 technical transfer技术知识 - technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证 technical guarantee咨询服务 consultative services技术服务 technical services工作地点 location施工现场 construction field报价 quotation标书 bidding book公司利润 company profit固定价合同 fixed price contract固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract定金 mobilization银行保证书 bank guarantee letter保留金 retention所得税 income taxes特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes工作手册 work manual工作流程图 work flow diagram质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures采购计划 procurement plan施工计划 construction plan施工进度 construction schedule项目实施计划 project execution plan项目协调程序 project coordination procedure项目总进度计划 project master schedule设计网络计划 engineering network logic项目质量保证 project quality assurance项目质量控制 project quality control采购 procurement采购周期 procurement period会签 the squad check计算书 calculation sheets询价 inquiry检验 inspection运输 transportation开车 start up / commission验收 inspection & acceptance校核 check审核 review审定 approve版次 version部门 department专业 specialty项目号 project number图号 drawing number目录 contents序言 foreword章 chapter节 section项 itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specification（技术表）DATA SHEET（） technical data sheet(技术评标）TBA(） technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design package(项目经理)PM () project manager(专业负责人LDE( lead discipline engineer(材料询价单)MRQ() Material requisition for quotation(材料采购单)MRP() material requisition for purchase(基础工程设计包)BEP() basic engineering package&(管道及仪表流程图) ()P&ID() piping and instrument drawing(diagram)PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architecture（详细设计阶段）DDP（） detail design phase二. 工艺流程.连续过程continuous process 间歇过程batch process工艺叙述process description 工艺特点process feature操作operation反应reaction副反应side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation倾析decantation催化反应catalytical reaction 萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis过滤filtration干燥drying还原reduction氧化oxidation氢化hydrogenation分解decomposition离解dissociation合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption结晶crystallization溶解solution调节modulate控制control悬浮suspension循环circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation沥取leaching破碎crushing煅烧caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation气化gasification冷冻refrigeration固化、结晶、solidification包装package升华sublimation燃烧combustion引烧ignition蒸馏distillation碳化carbonization压缩compression三、化学物质及特性固体solid液体liquid气体gas化合物compound混合物mixture粉powder片状粉未flake小粒granule结晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent还原剂reducing agent有机物organic material真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor贫液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水brine酸度acidity浓度concentration碱度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固点solidificalion point沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率evaporation rate粘度viscosity吸水的 ()water absorbent(a)无水的()anhydrous(a)外观appearance无色的()colorless(a)透明的()transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalyst燃烧combustion引燃ignition自然点-self-ignition temperature可燃气体combustible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile liquid爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性环境 ()explosive atmosphere(environment)爆炸极限explosive concentration limit废水waste water废液waste liquid废气-off-gas噪声noise pollution成分composition挠度deflection力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线--stress-strain diagram百分比percentage环境温度ambient temperature工作温度operating设计温度 ()design temperature(pressure)相对湿度=RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥sludge杂质impurity四、化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵()hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵 ()screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵--air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers管道混合器line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配（布）器liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶(底)层塔盘 ()()top (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽-make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank 球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜 -wet gas-holder干式气柜 -dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜 -helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀,rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器--plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier 真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier 圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机roots blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine五、管道工程piping engineering阀门 valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆inside screw阀座 ( )valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等)(,)trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮hand wheel手柄 ()hand level (handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板split wedge截止阀globe valve节流阀throttle valve针阀needle valve角阀(角式截止阀)()angle valve型阀(截止阀)-(- )Y()Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀ball valve三通球阀3-3-way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型)()wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀 ()offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀 -combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀-three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀-four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀flap check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve安全泄气阀[]safety[SV]安全泄放阀 []relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type罐底排污阀-flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve电磁阀 ()solenoid (operated) valve电动阀(-)electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阀mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 ()open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀)()()(automatic) air vent valve换向阀 ()diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀breather valve减压阀pressure reducing valve控制阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve切断阀 (-, )block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阀jacketed valve非旋转式阀-non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子(按标准制造的配管用管)pipe()(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)tube()钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管 [..]carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢管 [..]stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管-wrought-steel pipe锻铁管-wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管[]seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管--electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管-()- -()electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀 (-)hand operated(manually-operated) valve (水)龙头;;()bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀)()bleed valve旁路阀-by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve根部阀 (, )root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管-water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube壁厚 []wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号 [..]schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的 (),extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 (),double extra heavy (strong)弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头180°long radius return短半径180°弯头180°short radius return三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带支座三通base tee45°斜三通45°45°45°lateral型三通""Ytrue"Y"四通cross异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer管接头;coupling;full coupling活接头union短管nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bend型弯管""U"U"bend法兰端flanged end万向接头universal joint对焊的 []butt welded[BW]螺纹的[]threaded[THD]承插焊的 []socket welded[SW]法兰[]flange[FLG]整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰-slip-on flange平焊法兰--slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰 []lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰 []weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖 ;blind flange;blind异径法兰reducing flange压力级 ()pressure rating(class)突面 []raised face[RF]凸面male face凹面female face全平面;满平面 ; [];flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件 3.piping speciality粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时过滤器 ( )temporary strainer(cone type)型过滤器-YY-type strainer型过滤器-TT-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷咀;喷头;spray nozzle喷射器ejector取样冷却器sample cooler消音器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow补偿器compensator软管接头 []hose connection[HC]快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel8字盲板 ( 8)8spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板rupture disk4,其它材料4碳素钢 [..]carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢 [..]stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁 [..]cast iron[C.I.]铝aluminum铜,紫铜,copper钛titanium抗拉强度tensile strength非金属材料-non-metallic material塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃glass橡胶rubber垫片[]gasket[GSKT]平垫片flat gasket填料packing型钢shaped steel角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢-I-beam宽缘工字钢或钢Hwide flanged beam扁钢flat bar圆钢 ;round steel; rod钢带strap steel网络钢板checkered plate材料表 []bill of material[BOM]材料统计 -[]material take-off[MTO]散装材料bulk material综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary []sheet[CPMSS]汇总表summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line装置边界 []boundary limit[BL]区界area limit设备布置 ();equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan 标高,立面[],elevation[EL]支撑点 []point of support[POS]工厂北向plant north方位orientation危险区hazardous area classification净正吸入压头net positive suction head绝对标高absolute elevation坐标coordinate管道研究piping study管道布置平面 []piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置 ;piping assembly; layout详图detail""视图 """X"view "X""-" 剖视 "-""A-A" section "A-A"轴测图isometric drawing索引图key plan管道及仪表流程图 [&]piping and instrument diagram[P&ID]管口表list of nozzles地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管线号line number总管;header; manifold旁路by pass常开normally open常闭normally closed取样接口sampling connection伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热-hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing 夹套管jacketed line全夹套管full jacketed比例scale图figure草图sketch图例legend符号symbol件号part n。
化工英语词汇大集合介绍化学工程领域使用的英语词汇对于从事化工行业的人员来说是非常重要的。
本文将为您提供一个包含各种化工英语词汇的大集合，旨在帮助化工从业人员扩充词汇量，提高工作效率。
基础词汇以下是一些化工领域常用的基础词汇：1.Chemical Engineering - 化学工程2.Reaction - 反应3.Reactor - 反应器4.Catalyst - 催化剂5.Chemical Reaction - 化学反应6.Mass Transfer - 质量传递7.Heat Transfer - 热传递8.Fluid Dynamics - 流体力学9.Separation - 分离10.D istillation - 蒸馏11.E xtraction - 萃取12.F iltration - 过滤13.E vaporation - 蒸发14.C rystallization - 结晶15.A bsorption - 吸收16.A dsorption - 吸附17.M ixing - 混合18.S cale-up - 放大比例19.B atch Process - 批处理20.C ontinuous Process - 连续流程反应器及设备1.Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) - 连续搅拌槽反应器2.Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) - 管流反应器3.Fixed Bed Reactor - 固定床反应器4.Fluidized Bed Reactor - 流化床反应器5.Tubular Reactor - 管式反应器6.Heat Exchanger - 热交换器7.Distillation Column - 蒸馏塔8.Separator - 分离器9.Filter - 过滤器10.E vaporator - 蒸发器11.M ixer - 搅拌器12.P ump - 泵13.C ompressor - 压缩机14.A gitator - 搅拌器15.C ondenser - 冷凝器化学品和物质1.Chemical Compound - 化合物2.Element - 元素3.Atom - 原子4.Molecule - 分子5.Chemical Formula - 化学式6.Reactant - 反应物7.Product - 产物8.Solvent - 溶剂9.Soluble - 可溶解的10.I nsoluble - 不溶解的11.A cid - 酸12.B ase - 碱13.S alt - 盐14.O rganic - 有机的15.I norganic - 无机的16.P olymer - 聚合物17.M onomer - 单体18.C atalyst - 催化剂19.O xidation - 氧化20.R eduction - 还原工艺过程1.Batch Process - 批处理2.Continuous Process - 连续流程3.Polymerization - 聚合4.Cracking - 破解5.Hydration - 水合6.Hydrogenation - 加氢7.Dehydration - 脱水8.Distillation - 蒸馏9.Filtration - 过滤10.E xtraction - 萃取11.E vaporation - 蒸发12.C rystallization - 结晶13.A dsorption - 吸附14.A bsorption - 吸收15.D rying - 干燥16.M ixing - 混合17.R eactor Design - 反应器设计18.P rocess Optimization - 工艺优化19.S afety Analysis - 安全分析20.W aste Treatment - 废物处理实验及测试方法boratory - 实验室2.Experiment - 实验3.Analysis - 分析4.Spectroscopy - 光谱学5.Chromatography - 色谱法6.Mass Spectrometry - 质谱法7.NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) - 核磁共振8.IR (Infrared) Spectroscopy - 红外光谱9.UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible) Spectroscopy - 紫外可见光谱10.H PLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) - 高效液相色谱法11.G C (Gas Chromatography) - 气相色谱法12.T GA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) - 热重分析13.D SC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) - 差示扫描量热法14.V iscosity - 黏性15.p H - 酸碱度16.D ensity - 密度17.M elting Point - 熔点18.B oiling Point - 沸点19.V apor Pressure - 蒸汽压20.F lash Point - 闪点以上仅为一小部分化工英语词汇，但已能涵盖化学工程领域的基础知识、设备、化学品和实验测试方法。
reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant 反应物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收unconverted reactant 未转化的反应物chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization 结晶drying 干燥screening 筛选，浮选chemicalreaction 化学反应cracking ofpetroleum 石油裂解catalyst 催化剂，reaction zone 反应区conservation of mass and energy 能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应separation 分离heat exchange 热交换reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料，原料product 产物，产品percent conversion 百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoline 汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity 气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical 特殊化学品，特种化学品batch 间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor 微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成. commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器，探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap收集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数，因子，系数，比例viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics 填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁furnace 火炉，燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux（通量，流通量）of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流，涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波fused quartz 熔化的石英reflect反射，inflection:折射matte 无光泽的，无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer 界相际间质量传递rate of diffusion 扩散速率acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of 在…附近，靠近..,大约…，在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance 阻力，阻止boundary layer 边界层Fick’s Law 费克定律is proportional to 与…成比例concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 装置feed 进料bottom 底部，塔底solvent 溶剂top顶部，塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统ratio of A to B A 与B 的比值with the result that：由于的缘故，鉴于的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基础tower shell 塔体packing material 填料pump 泵blower 风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用power 动力circulating gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam 蒸汽regenerate 再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 补充溶剂optimum 最优的unabsorbed component 未吸收组分purity 纯度volatility 挥发性vapor pressure 蒸汽压liquid mixture 液体混合物condense 凝缩，冷凝binary distillation 双组分精馏multi-component distillation 多组分精馏stage-type distillation column 级板式精馏塔mount 安装，固定conduit 导流管）,downcomer 降液管gravity 重力weir 溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device 汽液接触装置valve tray 浮阀塔板reboiler 再沸器vaporization 汽化condensate 冷凝液，凝缩液overhead vapor 塔顶汽体condenser 冷凝器i feed tray 进料板base 塔底，基础bottoms product 塔底产品condensation 冷凝stripping section 汽提段,提馏段distillate section 精馏段total condense 全凝器distillateproduct 塔顶馏出产品reflux 回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution 溶液fractional crystallization 分步结晶solubility，溶解度，溶解性soluble 可溶解的solvent 溶剂employ 采纳，利用miscible 可混合的，可溶的，可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离）liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的paraffin 石蜡，链烷烃lubricating oil 润滑油decompose 分解，离解，还原，腐烂penicillin 青霉素streptomycin（链霉素）precipitation 沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol 乙醇)extract 萃取液heat requirement 热负荷solute 溶质extract phase 萃取相baffle-plate 折流挡板，缓冲挡板settling tank 沉降槽centrifuge 离心.离心机，离心分离emulsifying agent 乳化剂density difference 密度差raffinate 萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material 过程物料(相对最终产品而言的）organic 有机的，有机物的benzene 苯humidity 湿度moisture content 湿含量drying rate 干燥速率critical moisture content 临界湿湿含量falling-rate 降速concave （凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面）approximate to：接近，趋近straight line：直线constant-rate drying period 恒速干燥阶段convection drying 对流干燥drying gas 干燥气体falling-rate period 降速干燥阶段mean value 平均值vacuum drying 真空干燥discolor 变色，脱色sublime 升华freeze drying 冷冻干燥adiabatic 绝热的，不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to：与 -- 垂直counter-current 逆流per unit area 单位面积water-cooling tower 水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：显热）water droplet 水珠，水滴quantitative relation 定量关系thermal diffusion 热扩散at right angles to 与…成直角，与…垂直by virtue of 由于，根据，凭借于molecular transfer 分子传递balance 抵消，平衡drag forces 曳力a function of …的函数of the same order 具有同一数量级eddy diffusion 涡流扩散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与…成反比Reynolds number 雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow 充分发展湍流coefficient 系数In principle 从原理而言exothermic（放热的，endothermic 吸热的,adiabatic 绝热的）triple bond 三健，三价nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物compound 化合物conversion 转化，转化率protein 蛋白质compress 压缩reaction yield 反应产率reaction speed 反应速度one-pass（单程）reactor energy input 能量输入maximum 最大的near toequilibrium 接近平衡output 产出，输出，产量fertilizer 化肥urea 尿素ammonium nitrate 硝酸铵ammonium phosphate 磷酸铵ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate 磷酸二氢铵ash 纯碱pyridine砒啶polymers 聚合物nylon 尼龙acrylics 丙烯酸树脂via 经，由，通过，借助于hydrogen cyanide 氰化氢nitric acid 硝酸bulk explosive 集装炸药crude oil 原油natural gas 天然气bitumen 沥青fossil fuel 化石燃料seepage 渗出物asphalt 沥青oil drilling 采油gasoline 汽油paint 涂料plastic 塑料synthetic rubber 合成橡胶fiber 纤维soap 肥皂cleansing agent 清洗剂wax 石蜡explosive 炸药oil shale 油页岩deposit 沉积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock 沉积岩sandstone 砂岩siltstone泥岩tar sand 沥青石chain-shaped 链状的methane 甲烷paraffin 石蜡，烷烃ring-shaped（环状的）hydrocarbon naphthene 环烷烃naphtha 石脑油tarry 柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphaltene 沥青油impurity 杂质pollutant 污染物combustion 燃烧capillarity 毛细现象，毛细管力viscous resistance 粘性阻力barrel 桶(国际原油计量单位)tanker 油轮kerosene 煤油heavy gas oil 重瓦斯油reforming 重整cracking 裂化octane number of gasoline 汽油辛烷值branched-chain（带支链的）materials science 材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior. （机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）Amalgam 汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉solid state physics 固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学，冶金术magnet 磁铁，有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacantatomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的,非晶型的,非结晶的,玻璃状的;无一定目的的,乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model 水力学模型two-phase flow 两相流dispersionmodel 分散模型toxic 有毒的release 释放，排放probabilityof failure 失效概率accidentprevention 事故预防hard hat安全帽safety shoe 防护鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention 损失预防hazardidentification 危害辩识，technical evaluation 技术评估safety management support 安全管理基础知识safety experience 安全经验technical competence 技术能力safety knowledge 安全知识design engineer 设计师cost engineer 造价师process engineering 过程工程plant layout 工厂布局general service facilities 公用工程plant location 工厂选址close teamwork 紧密的团队协作specialized group 专业组storage仓库waste disposal 废物处理terminology 术语，词汇accountant 会计师，会计，出纳final-proposal 决议tangible return 有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control（过程控制）first-principles 基本原理，基本规则regression model 回归模型.operating condition 操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique 非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages 过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression 最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity 强度，程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification 模式识别neural network 神经网络a priori：先验的,既定的,不根据经验的,由原因推出结果的,演绎的,直觉的process data historian：过程数据历史编撰师qualitative 定性的quantitative precision 定量的精确high-fidelity 高保真的computationallyintensive 计算量大的mathematical expression steady-state model 稳态模型bioengineering 生物工程artificial 人工的hearing aid 助听器artificial limb 假肢supportive or substitute organ 辅助或替代器官biosynthesis 生物合成life scientist 生命科学家agricultural engineer 农艺师fermentation 发酵civil engineer 土木工程师sanitation 卫生physiologists 生理学criteria 指标human medicine 人体医学medicalelectronics 医疗电子medicalinstrumentation 医疗器械blood-flow dynamics 血液流动动力学prosthetics 假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon 外科医生replacement organ 器官移植physiologist 生理学家counterpart 对应物，配对物psychology 心理学self-taught 自学barrier 障碍物medical engineering 医学工程，医疗工程health care 保健diagnostic application of computers 计算机诊断agricultural engineering 农业工程biological production 生物制品生产bionics（仿生学）human-factors engineering 人类与环境工程environmental health engineering 环境健康工程environmentally benign processing 环境友好加工commodity or specialty 通用商品或特殊化学品styrene 苯乙烯ibuprofen 异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association 化工生产协会as a whole 整体而言emission 释放物，排放物voluntary 自愿的，无偿的，义务的；有意的，随意的；民办的in the absence of 无---存在deactivate 失活bulk chemical 大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精细化工Pharmaceutical 制药segment 段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；分割，切断tonnage 吨位，吨数，吨产量inorganic salt 无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate 论证，证明，证实；说明，表明，显示forefront 最前线，最前沿Lewisacid 不可再生的路易斯酸anhydrous 无水的phaseout 消除HF alkylation 氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation 催化氧化governmental regulation 政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate 药物中间体stereoselective 立体选择性的ketone 酮functional group 官能团detrimental 有害的chlorofluorocarbon 二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳straightforward 简单明了的coordinating ligand 配合体，向心配合体kilogram 千克thermal stability 热稳定性devastate 破坏，蹂躏outline描绘，勾勒membranetechnology 膜技术productionline 生产线dairy 牛奶water purification 水净化ifetime 寿命membrane module 膜组件durability 耐久性，寿命，使用期限，强度chemical additive 添加剂end-of-pipe solution 最终方案closed system 封闭系统substitute 取代，替代technical challenge 技术挑战，技术困难wastewater treatment 污水处理fouling 污垢，发泡surface treatment 表面处理applied Chemistry 应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound 化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的refix 前缀alkane 烷烃family 族carbon skeleton 碳骨架chain 链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根suffix 后缀constitute 取代物，取代基homologous series 同系物branched chain 支链烷烃parent 母链，主链derivative 衍生物substituent 取代基locant 位次，位标replicating prefix 重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography 气相色谱与液相色谱analytical chemistry 分析化学moving gas stream 移动的气流heats of solution and vaporization 溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient 活度系数counteract 抵消milliliter 毫升essential oil 香精油test mixture 测试混合物sample 样品helium 氦argon 氩carrier 载体injection 注射stationary nonvolatile phase 静止的不挥发相detector 检测器fraction collector 馏分收集器columnar liquid chromatography 柱状液相色谱仪retention volume 保留体积retention times 保留时间high-performance 高性能mobile phase 移动相high-efficiency 高效的analyte 分析物plane chromatography 薄层色谱capillary action 毛细管作用assay 分析化验fluorescence 荧光色，荧光retardation factor 保留因子，延迟因子。
工艺流程? ?连续过程continuous process 间歇过程batch process工艺叙述process description 工艺特点process feature操作operation反应reaction副反应side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation倾析decantation催化反应catalytical reaction 萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis过滤filtration干燥drying还原reduction氧化oxidation氢化hydrogenation分解decomposition离解dissociation 合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption结晶crystallization溶解solution调节modulate控制control悬浮suspension循环circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation沥取leaching破碎crushing煅烧caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation气化gasification冷冻refrigeration固化、结晶solidification 包装package升华sublimation燃烧combustion引烧ignition蒸馏distillation碳化carbonization压缩compression化学物质及特性固体solid液体liquid气体gas化合物compound混合物mixture粉powder片状粉未flake小粒granule结晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent还原剂reducing agent有机物organic material真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor贫液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水brine酸度acidity浓度concentration碱度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固点solidificalion point 沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率evaporation rate粘度viscosity吸水的water absorbent(a) 无水的anhydrous(a)外观appearance无色的colorless(a) 透明的transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalyst燃烧combustion引燃ignition自然点self-ignition temperature可燃气体combustible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile liquid爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限explosive concentration limit废水waste water废液waste liquid废气off-gas噪声noise pollution成分composition挠度deflection力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram百分比percentage环境温度ambient temperature工作温度operating设计温度design temperature(pressure)相对湿度RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥sludge杂质impurity化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump 计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump气升泵air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers管道混合器line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler 萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配（布）器liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶(底)层塔盘top (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier 隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机root's blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine管道工程piping engineering1 阀门valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆inside screw阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮hand wheel手柄hand level (handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板split wedge截止阀globe valve节流阀throttle valve针阀needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valveY型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀flap check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve安全泄气阀safety[SV]安全泄放阀relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve电磁阀solenoid (operated) valve电动阀electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阀mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open (top) bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀breather valve减压阀pressure reducing valve控制阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve 切断阀block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阀jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢管stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe 电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve根部阀root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube壁厚wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的double extra heavy (strong)弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带支座三通base tee45°斜三通45°lateralY型三通true"Y"四通cross异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer管接头coupling;full coupling活接头union 短管nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bendU型弯管"U"bend法兰端flanged end万向接头universal joint对焊的butt welded[BW]螺纹的threaded[THD]承插焊的socket welded[SW]法兰flange[FLG]整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰slip-on flange平焊法兰slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖blind flange;blind异径法兰reducing flange压力级pressure rating(class)突面raised face[RF]凸面male face凹面female face全平面;满平面flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件piping speciality粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时过滤器temporary strainer(cone type) Y型过滤器Y-type strainerT型过滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower 视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷咀;喷头spray nozzle喷射器ejector取样冷却器sample cooler消音器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow补偿器compensator软管接头hose connection[HC]快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel8字盲板spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁cast iron[C.I.]铝aluminum铜,紫铜copper钛titanium抗拉强度tensile strength非金属材料non-metallic material塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃glass橡胶rubber垫片gasket[GSKT]平垫片flat gasket填料packing型钢shaped steel角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beam扁钢flat bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel网络钢板checkered plate材料表bill of material[BOM]材料统计material take-off[MTO]散装材料bulk material综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summarysheet[CPMSS]汇总表summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line装置边界boundary limit[BL]区界area limit 设备布置equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面elevation[EL]支撑点point of support[POS]工厂北向plant north方位orientation危险区hazardous area classification净正吸入压头net positive suction head绝对标高absolute elevation坐标coordinate管道研究piping study管道布置平面piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置piping assembly; layout详图detail"X"视图view "X""A-A" 剖视section "A-A"轴测图isometric drawing索引图key plan管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument diagram[P&ID]管口表list of nozzles地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管线号line number总管header; manifold旁路by pass常开normally open常闭normally closed取样接口sampling connection伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line全夹套管full jacketed比例scale图figure草图sketch图例legend符号symbol件号part n。
化工专业英语词汇reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant 反应物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收uncon verted reacta n未转化的反应物chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization 结晶drying 干燥scree ning筛选，浮选chemical reacti on 化学反应cracking of petroleum 石油裂解catalyst催化剂，reacti on zone 反应区con servati on of mass and en erg能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应separation 分离heat exchange 热交换reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料，原料product 产物，产品perce nt conv ersi on百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoli ne 汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量en ergy efficie ncy 能量效率heat-se nsitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 希9药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品，特种化学品batch间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor微型反应器hydroge n and metha ne oxidati on氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethyle ne epoxidati on乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis光气合成. commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sen sor传感器，探头separati on of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium多孔介质filtratio n 过滤medium介质filter 过滤器trap收集，捕集Buch nerfunnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum真空coni cal funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纟氏area面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数，因子，系数，比例viscosity 黏度den sity 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape形状size distributi on 粒度分布pack ing characteristics 填充性质concen trati on 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatme nt 预处理late nt heat 潜热resista nee阻力surface layer 表面层filteri ng medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filteri ng surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtratio n 饼层过滤deep bed filtrati on 深层过滤depth深度law定律net flow净流量con ducti on 传导convection 对流radiati on 辐射temperature gradie nt 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal con ducti on 热传导motio n of unbound electro ns 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor con ductor of electricity 不良导电体tran sport of mome ntum 动量传递the random moti on of molecules 分子无规贝U运动brick wall 墙壁furnace火炉，燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phe nomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mecha nics 流体力学flux （通量，流通量）of enthalpy焓通量eddy尾流，涡流turbulent flow 湍流n atural a nd forced con vecti on自然对流和强制对流buoya ncy force 浮力temperature gradie nt 温度梯度electromag netic wave 电磁波fused quartz熔化的石英reflect 反射，inflection:折射matte无光泽的，无光的temperature level 温度高低in ter-phase mass tran sfer界相际间质量传递rate of diffusi on 扩散速率acet one 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammon ia 氨ammoni a-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of n itroge n 氮氧化物n itric acid 硝酸carb on dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorpti on 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concen trati on differe nee 浓度差in the vicinity of 在…附近，靠近.., 大约…，在…左右molecular diffusi on 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resista nee 阻力，阻止boun dary layer 边界层Fick ' s Law 费克定律is proporti onal to 与…成比例concen trati on gradie nt 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔in stallati on 装置feed进料bottom底部，塔底solve nt 溶剂top顶部，塔顶partial vaporizati on 咅E分汽化boili ng point 沸点equimolecular coun ter-diffusi on 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统ratio of A to B A 与B 的比值with the result that :由于的缘故，鉴于的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foun dati on 基础tower shell 塔体pack ing material 填料pump 泵blower风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷去卩器heat excha nger 换热器solve nt-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operati ng cost 操作费用power动力circulati ng gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam蒸汽regen erate 再生cooli ng water 冷去卩水solve nt make-up 补充溶剂optimum最优的unabsorbed component 未吸收组分purity纯度volatility 挥发性vapor pressure蒸汽压liquid mixture液体混合物condense凝缩，冷凝bin ary distillatio n 双组分精馏multi-component distillation 多组分精馏stage-type distillation column 级板式精馏塔mount安装，固定conduit导流管）， dow ncomej降液管gravity 重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device 汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板reboiler再沸器vaporization 汽化con de nsate冷凝液，凝缩液overhead vapor塔顶汽体condenser冷凝器i feed tray进料板base塔底，基础bottoms product 塔底产品conden sati on 冷凝stripping section汽提段,提馏段distillate sectio n 精馏段total condense全凝器distillate product塔顶馏出产品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution 溶液fractional crystallizatio n 分步结晶solubility ，溶解度，溶解性soluble可溶解的solve nt 溶剂employ采纳，利用miscible可混合的，可溶的，可搅拌的mecha ni cal separati on 机械分离）liquid-liquid extract ion 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的paraffi n 石蜡，链烷烃lubricat ing oil _ 润滑油decompose分解，离解，还原，腐烂pen icilli n 青霉素streptomyci n （链霉素）precipitati on 沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol 乙醇）extract 萃取液heat requireme nt 热负荷solute溶质extract phase 萃取相baffle-plate 折流挡板，缓冲挡板settli ng tank 沉降槽centrifuge 离心.离心机，离心分离emulsify ing age nt 孚L化剂den sity differe nee 密度差raffin ate 萃余液extract 萃取液dryi ng of Solids 固体干燥process material 过程物料（相对最终产品而言的）organic有机的，有机物的benzene 苯humidity 湿度moisture content 湿含量drying rate 干燥速率critical moisture content 临界湿湿含量falli ng-rate 降速con cave （凸的，凸面）or convex （凹的，凹面）approximate to :接近，趋近straight line :直线con sta nt-rate drying period 恒速干燥阶段convection drying 对流干燥drying gas 干燥气体falli ng-rate period 降速干燥阶段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空干燥discolor 变色，脱色sublime 升华freeze dryi ng 冷冻干燥adiabatic 绝热的，不传热的pressure gradie ntperpe ndicular to :与——垂直coun ter-curre nt 逆流per unit area 单位面积water-cooli ng tower 水冷塔sen sible heat （sen sible heat : 显热）water droplet 水珠，水滴qua ntitative relati on 定量关系thermal diffusi on 热扩散at right an gles to 与…成直角，与…垂直by virtue of 由于，根据，凭借于molecular tran sfer 分子传递balanee抵消，平衡drag forces 曳力a function of …的函数of the same order 具有同一数量级eddy diffusio n 涡流扩散is almost inv ersely proporti onal to 几乎与…成反比Reyno Ids nu mber 雷诺准数fully developed turbule nt flow 充分发展湍流coefficie nt 系数In prin ciple 从原理而言exothermic （放热的，endothermic 吸热的,adiabatic 绝热的）triple bond 三健，三价n itroge n oxides 氮氧化物compo und化合物conv ersi on 转化，转化率protein 蛋白质compress 压缩reacti on yield 反应产率reacti on speed 反应速度one-pass （单程）reactoren ergy in put 能量输入maximum最大的n ear toequilibrium 接近平衡output产出，输出，产量fertilizer 化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate 硝酸铵ammon ium phosphate 磷酸铵ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate 磷酸二氢铵ash纯碱pyridi ne 砒啶polymers聚合物nylon尼龙acrylics 丙烯酸树脂via经，由，通过，借助于hydrogen cyanide 氰化氢n itric acid 硝酸bulk explosive 集装炸药crude oil 原油n atural gas 天然气bitume n 沥青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage渗出物asphalt 沥青oil drilling 采油gasoli ne 汽油paint 涂料plastic 塑料syn thetic rubber 合成橡胶fiber纤维soap月肥皂clea nsing age n清洗剂wax石蜡explosive 炸药oil shale油页岩deposit沉积物aquatic pla nt水生植物sedime ntary rock 沉积岩san dst one砂岩siltst one 泥岩tar sand沥青石cha in-shaped 链状的metha ne 甲烷paraffin石蜡，烷烃rin g-shaped （环状的）hydrocarb onn aphthe ne环烷烃naphtha石脑油tarry柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphalte ne沥青油impurity 杂质pollutant污染物combusti on 燃烧capillarity毛细现象，毛细管力viscous resista nee占性阻力barrel桶（国际原油计量单位） tan ker油轮kerose ne 煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming 重整crack ing 裂化octane nu mber of gasoli ne汽油辛烷值branched-chain （带支链的）materials scie nee 材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior. （机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）Amalgam汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉solid state physics 固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学，冶金术magnet磁铁，有吸引力的人或物in sulati on 绝缘catalytic crack ing 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecom mun icatio n 电信in formatio n process ing 信息处理nu clear power 核能en ergy conv ersi on 能量转化in ternal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vaca nt atomic site 原子空位dislocati on 错位precipitate 沉淀物semic on ductor 半导体mecha ni cal disturba nee 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittle ness 脆性spinning electr ons 旋转电子amorphous非定型的，非晶型的，非结晶的，玻璃状的；无一定目的的，乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model 水力学模型two-phase flow 两相流dispers ion model 分散模型toxic 有毒的release释放，排放probability of failure 失效概率accide nt preve nti on 事故预防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe 防护鞋rules and regulati ons 规章制度loss preve nti on 损失预防hazard ide ntificati on 危害辩识，tech ni cal evaluati on 技术评估safety man ageme nt support 安全管理基础知识safety experie nee 安全经验tech ni cal compete nce 技术能力safety kno wledge 安全知识desig n engin eer 设计师cost engin eer 造价师process engin eeri ng 过程工程pla nt layout 工厂布局gen eral service facilities 公用工程pla nt locati on 工厂选址close teamwork 紧密的团队协作specialized group 专业组storage 仓库waste disposal 废物处理terminology 术语，词汇accountant 会计师，会计，出纟内fin al-proposal 决议tan gible return 有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control （过程控制）first-principles基本原理，基本规则regression model 回归模型. operating condition 操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique 非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages 过程模拟软件包least-squares-regressi on 最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity强度，程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification 模式识另Uneural network 神经网络a priori :先验的，既定的，不根据经验的，由原因推出结果的，演绎的，直觉的process data historia n：过程数据历史编撰师qualitative 定性的quantitative precision 定量的精确high-fidelity 高保真的computati on ally inten sive 计算量大的mathematical expressi on steady-state model 稳态模型bioe ngin eeri ng 生物工程artificial 人工的heari ng aid 助听器artificial limb 假肢supportive or substitute orga n 辅助或替代器官biosy nthesis 生物合成life scie ntist 生命科学家agricultural engin eer 农艺师ferme ntatio n 发酵civil engin eer 土木工程师san itati on 卫生physiologists 生理学criteria 扌旨标human medicine 人体医学medical electr onics 医疗电子medical in strume ntatio n 医疗器械blood-flow dyn amics 血液流动动力学prosthetics 假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surge on外科医生replaceme nt orga n 器官移植physiologist 生理学家cou nterpart 对应物，配对物psychology 心理学self-taught 自学barrier 障碍物medical engin eeri ng 医学工程，医疗工程health care 保健diag no stic applicati on of computers 计算机诊断agricultural engin eeri ng 农业工程biological producti on 生物制品生产bion ics （仿生学）huma n-factors engin eeri ng 人类与环境工程en vir onmen tal health engin eeri ng 环境健康工程en viro nmen tally benign processi ng 环境友好加工commodity or specialty 通用商品或特殊化学品styre ne苯乙烯ibuprofe n异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manu facturers Association化工生产协会as a whole整体而言emission释放物，排放物voluntary自愿的，无偿的，义务的；有意的，随意的；民办的in the abse nee of 无---存在deactivate 失活bulk chemical大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精纟田化工Pharmaceutical 制药segme nt段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；分割，切断tonn age吨位，吨数，吨产量inorganic salt 无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚dem on strate论证，证明，证实；说明，表明，显示forefro nt最前线，最前沿Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸an hydrous无水的phaseout消肖除HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation 催化氧化gover nmen tal regulatio n 政府规定pharmaceutical in termediate药物中间体stereoselective立体选择性的ket one 酮fun cti onal group 官能团detrimental 有害的chlorofluorocarb on二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carb on tetrachloride 四氯化碳straightforward 简单明了的coordi nati ng liga nd配合体，向心配合体kilogram 千克thermal stability 热稳定性devastate破坏，蹂躏outline描绘，勾勒membra ne tech no logy 膜技术product ion line 生产线dairy 牛奶water purificati on 水净化lifetime 寿命membra ne module膜组件durability 耐久性，寿命，使用期限，强度chemical additive 添加剂en d-of-pipe soluti on 最终方案closed system 圭寸闭系统substitute 取代，替代techni cal challe nge 技术挑战，技术困难wastewater treatme nt 污水处理fouli ng污垢，发泡surface treatme nt 表面处理applied Chemistry 应用化学nomen clature of chemical compo und 化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的prefix 前缀alkane烷烃family 族carb on skelet on 碳骨架chain 链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根suffix后缀con stitute 取代物，取代基homologous series 同系物branched chain 支链烷烃pare nt 母链，主链derivative 衍生物substitue nt 取代基locant 位次，位标replicat ing prefix 重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography 气相色谱与液相色谱an alytical chemistry 分析化学moving gas stream 移动的气流heats of solutio n and vaporizati on 溶解热和汽化热activity coefficie nt 活度系数counteract 抵消milliliter 毫升esse ntial oil 香精油test mixture 测试混合物sample样品helium 氦argon 氩carrier 载体injectio n 注射stati onary nonv olatile phase 静止的不挥发相detector检测器fraction collector 馏分收集器colu mnar liquid chromatography 柱状液相色谱仪rete nti on volume 保留体积rete nti on times 保留时间high-performa nee 高性能mobile phase 移动相high-efficie ncy 高效的analyte分析物pla ne chromatography 薄层色谱capillary actio n 毛细管作用assay分析化验fluoresce nee 荧光色，荧光retardati on factor 保留因子，延迟因子。
化工术语中英文对照大全前言化工术语是在化学工程和化学领域中使用的一系列专业术语。
随着全球化的进程，化工行业与国际市场的交流与合作日益频繁。
掌握化工术语的中英文对照是非常重要的，能够方便与国际同行交流、合作与沟通。
本文档整理了一份化工术语的中英文对照大全，方便化工从业人员在国际交流中准确地表达和理解专业术语。
术语列表以下是常用化工术语的中英文对照列表：1.聚合物 - Polymer2.离子 - Ion3.反应器 - Reactor4.温度 - Temperature5.压力 - Pressure6.流体 - Fluid7.溶液 - Solution8.摩尔质量 - Molar mass9.等压过程 - Isothermal process10.等温过程 - Isobaric process11.等容过程 - Isochoric process12.间歇反应 - Batch reaction13.持续反应 - Continuous reaction14.催化剂 - Catalyst15.化学平衡 - Chemical equilibrium16.离子交换 - Ion exchange17.液相萃取 - Liquid-liquid extraction18.气相色谱 - Gas chromatography19.液相色谱 - Liquid chromatography20.气相质谱 - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry21.电泳 - Electrophoresis22.光谱学 - Spectroscopy23.吸收 - Absorption24.反应速率 - Reaction rate25.反应动力学 - Reaction kinetics26.化学工程 - Chemical engineering27.材料科学 - Materials science28.环境工程 - Environmental engineering29.工艺优化 - Process optimization30.安全工程 - Safety engineering使用示例为了更好地理解这些术语的用法，以下是一些使用示例：1.。
化工专业英语词汇reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant 反应物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收unconverted reactant未转化的反应物chemical reactortransfer of heat,evaporation,crystallization结晶drying干燥screening筛选，浮选chemical reaction化学反应cracking of petroleum石油裂解catalyst催化剂，reaction zone反应区conservation of mass and energy能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应separation 分离heat exchange 热交换reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料，原料product 产物，产品percent conversion百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoline汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品，特种化学品batch间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor 微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成.commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器，探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap 收集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数，因子，系数，比例viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁furnace 火炉，燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux（通量，流通量）of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流，涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波fused quartz 熔化的石英reflect 反射，inflection:折射matte无光泽的，无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相际间质量传递rate of diffusion扩散速率acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of 在…附近，靠近..,大约…，在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance 阻力，阻止boundary layer 边界层Fick’s Law费克定律is proportional to 与…成比例concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 装置feed 进料bottom 底部，塔底solvent 溶剂top 顶部，塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统ratio of A to B A与B的比值with the result that：由于的缘故，鉴于的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基础tower shell 塔体packing material 填料pump 泵blower 风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用power 动力circulating gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam蒸汽regenerate再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 补充溶剂optimum 最优的unabsorbed component未吸收组分purity纯度volatility挥发性vapor pressure蒸汽压liquid mixture 液体混合物condense凝缩，冷凝binary distillation双组分精馏multi-component distillation多组分精馏stage-type distillation column级板式精馏塔mount 安装，固定conduit导流管）,downcomer 降液管gravity重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板reboiler再沸器vaporization汽化condensate冷凝液，凝缩液overhead vapor塔顶汽体condenser冷凝器ifeed tray进料板base塔底，基础bottoms product塔底产品condensation冷凝stripping section汽提段,提馏段distillate section精馏段total condense全凝器distillate product塔顶馏出产品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution溶液fractional crystallization分步结晶solubility，溶解度，溶解性soluble可溶解的solvent溶剂employ采纳，利用miscible可混合的，可溶的，可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离）liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的paraffin石蜡，链烷烃lubricating oil润滑油decompose分解，离解，还原，腐烂penicillin青霉素streptomycin（链霉素）precipitation沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol乙醇)extract萃取液heat requirement热负荷solute溶质extract phase萃取相baffle-plate折流挡板，缓冲挡板settling tank沉降槽centrifuge离心.离心机，离心分离emulsifying agent乳化剂density difference密度差raffinate萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material过程物料(相对最终产品而言的） organic有机的，有机物的benzene苯humidity湿度moisture content湿含量drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content临界湿湿含量falling-rate降速concave （凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面）approximate to：接近，趋近straight line：直线constant-rate drying period恒速干燥阶段convection drying对流干燥drying gas干燥气体falling-rate period降速干燥阶段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空干燥discolor变色，脱色sublime升华freeze drying冷冻干燥adiabatic绝热的，不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to：与----垂直counter-current逆流per unit area单位面积water-cooling tower水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：显热）water droplet水珠，水滴quantitative relation定量关系thermal diffusion热扩散at right angles to 与…成直角，与…垂直by virtue of 由于，根据，凭借于molecular transfer分子传递balance 抵消，平衡drag forces曳力a function of …的函数of the same order具有同一数量级eddy diffusion涡流扩散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与…成反比Reynolds number雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow充分发展湍流coefficient系数In principle从原理而言exothermic（放热的，endothermic吸热的,adiabatic绝热的）triple bond三健，三价nitrogen oxides氮氧化物compound化合物conversion转化，转化率protein蛋白质compress压缩reaction yield反应产率reaction speed反应速度one-pass（单程） reactorenergy input能量输入maximum最大的near toequilibrium接近平衡output产出，输出，产量fertilizer化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate硝酸铵ammonium phosphate磷酸铵ammonium sulfate硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氢铵 ash纯碱pyridine砒啶polymers聚合物nylon尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂via经，由，通过，借助于hydrogen cyanide氰化氢nitric acid硝酸bulk explosive集装炸药crude oil原油natural gas天然气bitumen沥青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage渗出物asphalt沥青oil drilling采油gasoline汽油paint涂料plastic塑料synthetic rubber合成橡胶fiber纤维soap肥皂cleansing agent清洗剂wax石蜡explosive炸药oil shale油页岩deposit沉积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock沉积岩sandstone砂岩siltstone泥岩tar sand沥青石chain-shaped链状的methane甲烷paraffin石蜡，烷烃ring-shaped（环状的）hydrocarbon naphthene环烷烃naphtha石脑油tarry柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphaltene沥青油impurity杂质pollutant 污染物combustion燃烧capillarity毛细现象，毛细管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel桶(国际原油计量单位)tanker油轮kerosene煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming重整cracking裂化octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值branched-chain（带支链的）materials science材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior. （机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）Amalgam 汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉solid state physics固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学，冶金术magnet 磁铁，有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的，非晶型的，非结晶的，玻璃状的；无一定目的的，乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model水力学模型two-phase flow两相流dispersion model分散模型toxic有毒的release释放，排放probability of failure失效概率accident prevention事故预防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe防护鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention损失预防hazard identification 危害辩识，technical evaluation技术评估safety management support安全管理基础知识safety experience安全经验technical competence技术能力safety knowledge安全知识design engineer设计师cost engineer造价师process engineering过程工程plant layout工厂布局general service facilities公用工程plant location工厂选址close teamwork紧密的团队协作specialized group专业组storage仓库waste disposal废物处理terminology术语，词汇accountant会计师，会计，出纳final-proposal决议tangible return有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control（过程控制）first-principles基本原理，基本规则regression model回归模型.operating condition操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity强度，程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification模式识别neural network神经网络a priori：先验的，既定的，不根据经验的，由原因推出结果的，演绎的，直觉的process data historian：过程数据历史编撰师qualitative定性的quantitative precision定量的精确high-fidelity高保真的computationally intensive计算量大的mathematical expressionsteady-state model稳态模型bioengineering生物工程artificial人工的hearing aid助听器artificial limb假肢supportive or substitute organ辅助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科学家agricultural engineer农艺师fermentation发酵civil engineer土木工程师sanitation卫生physiologists生理学criteria 指标human medicine人体医学medical electronics医疗电子medical instrumentation医疗器械blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学prosthetics假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon外科医生replacement organ器官移植physiologist生理学家counterpart对应物，配对物psychology心理学self-taught自学barrier障碍物medical engineering医学工程，医疗工程health care保健diagnostic application of computers计算机诊断agricultural engineering农业工程biological production生物制品生产bionics（仿生学）human-factors engineering人类与环境工程environmental health engineering环境健康工程environmentally benign processing环境友好加工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化学品styrene苯乙烯ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生产协会as a whole整体而言emission释放物，排放物voluntary自愿的，无偿的，义务的；有意的，随意的；民办的in the absence of无---存在deactivate失活bulk chemical 大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精细化工Pharmaceutical制药segment段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；分割，切断tonnage吨位，吨数，吨产量inorganic salt无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate论证，证明，证实；说明，表明，显示forefront最前线，最前沿Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸anhydrous无水的phaseout消除HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation催化氧化governmental regulation政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate药物中间体stereoselective立体选择性的ketone酮functional group官能团detrimental有害的chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳straightforward简单明了的coordinating ligand配合体，向心配合体kilogram千克thermal stability热稳定性devastate破坏，蹂躏outline描绘，勾勒membrane technology膜技术production line生产线dairy牛奶water purification水净化lifetime寿命membrane module膜组件durability 耐久性，寿命，使用期限，强度chemical additive添加剂end-of-pipe solution 最终方案closed system封闭系统substitute取代，替代technical challenge技术挑战，技术困难wastewater treatment污水处理fouling污垢，发泡surface treatment表面处理applied Chemistry应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的prefix前缀alkane烷烃family族carbon skeleton碳骨架chain链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根suffix后缀constitute取代物，取代基homologous series同系物branched chain支链烷烃parent母链，主链derivative衍生物substituent取代基locant位次，位标replicating prefix重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography气相色谱与液相色谱analytical chemistry分析化学moving gas stream移动的气流heats of solution and vaporization溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient活度系数counteract抵消milliliter毫升essential oil香精油test mixture测试混合物sample样品helium氦argon氩carrier载体injection注射stationary nonvolatile phase静止的不挥发相detector检测器fraction collector馏分收集器columnar liquid chromatography柱状液相色谱仪retention volume保留体积retention times保留时间high-performance高性能mobile phase移动相high-efficiency高效的analyte分析物plane chromatography薄层色谱capillary action毛细管作用assay分析化验fluorescence 荧光色，荧光retardation factor保留因子，延迟因子。
Unit 4 Reaction EngineeringLesson 12 Reactor Types1. Stirred tank reactorA batch stirred tank reactor is the simplest type of reactor.It is composed of a reactor and a mixer such as a stirrer, a turbine wing or a propeller. The batch stirred tank reactor is illustrated below:This reactor is useful for substrate solutions of high viscosity and for immobilized enzymes with relatively low activity. However, a problem that arises is that an immobilized enzyme tends to decompose upon physical stirring. The batch system is generally suitable for the production of rather small amounts of chemicals.A continuous stirred tank reactor is shown above:The continuous stirred tank reactor is more efficient than a batch stirred tank reactor but the?equipment is slightly more complicated.2. Tubular ReactorTubular reactors are generally used for gaseous reactions, but are also suitable for some liquid-phase reactions.If high heat-transfer rates are required, small-diameter tubes are used to increase the surface area to volume ratio. Several tubes may be arranged in parallel, connected to a manifold or fitted into a tube sheet in a similar arrangement to a shell and tube heat exchanger. Forhigh-temperature reactions the tubes may be arranged in a furnace.3. Fluidized bed ReactorA fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions. In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a granular solid material (usually a catalyst possibly shaped as tiny spheres) at high enough velocities to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid. This process, known as fluidization, imparts many important advantages to the FBR. As a result, the fluidized bed reactor is now used in many industrial applications.（1）Basic principlesThe solid substrate (the catalytic material upon which chemical species react) material in the fluidized bed reactor is typically supported by a porous plate, known as a distributor. The fluid is then forced through the distributor up through the solid material. At lower fluid velocities, the solids remain in place as the fluid passes through the voids in the material. This is known as a packed bed reactor. As the fluid velocity is increased, the reactor will reach a stage where the force of the fluid on the solids is enough to balance the weight of the solid material. This stage is known as incipient fluidization and occurs at this minimum fluidization velocity. Once this minimum velocity is surpassed, the contents of the reactor bed begin to expand and swirl around much like an agitated tank or boiling pot of water. The reactor is now a fluidized bed. Depending on the operating conditions and properties of solid phase various flow regimes can be observed in this reactor.（2）AdvantagesThe increase in fluidized bed reactor use in today’s industrial world is largely due to the inherent advantages of the technology.●Uniform Particle Mixing:Due to the intrinsic fluid-like behavior of the solid material, fluidized beds do not experience poor mixing as in packed beds. This complete mixing allows for a uniform product that can often be hard to achieve in other reactor designs. The elimination of radial and axial concentration gradients also allows for better fluid-solid contact, which is essential for reaction efficiency and quality.●Uniform Temperature Gradients:Many chemical reactions produce or require the addition of heat. Local hot or cold spots within the reaction bed, often a problem in packed beds, are avoided in a fluidized situation such as an FBR. In other reactor types, these local temperature differences, especially hotspots, can result in product degradation. Thus FBRs are well suited to exothermic reactions. Researchers have also learned that the bed-to-surface heat transfer coefficients for FBRs are high.●Ability to Operate Reactor in Continuous State:The fluidized bed nature of these reactors allows for the ability to continuously withdraw product and introduce new reactants into the reaction vessel. Operating at a continuous process state allows manufacturers to produce their various products more efficiently due tothe removal of startup conditions in batch processes.( 3 ) DisadvantagesAs in any design, the fluidized bed reactor does have it draw-backs, which any reactor designer must take into consideration.●Increased Reactor Vessel Size:Because of the expansion of the bed materials in the reactor, a larger vessel is often required than that for a packed bed reactor. This larger vessel means that more must be spent on initial startup costs.●Pumping Requirements and Pressure Drop:The requirement for the fluid to suspend the solid material necessitates that a higher fluid velocity is attained in the reactor. In order to achieve this, more pumping power and thus higher energy costs are needed. In addition, the pressure drop associated with deep beds also requires additional pumping power.●Particle Entrainment:The high gas velocities present in this style of reactor often result in fine particles becoming entrained in the fluid. These captured particles are then carried out of the reactor with the fluid, where they must be separated. This can be a very difficult and expensive problem to address depending on the design and function of the reactor. This may often continue to be a problem even with other entrainment reducing technologies.●Lack of Current Understanding:Current understanding of the actual behavior of the materials in a fluidized bed is rather limited. Itis very difficult to predict and calculate the complex mass and heat flows within the bed. Due to this lack of understanding, a pilot plant for new processes is required. Even with pilot plants, the scale-up can be very difficult and may not reflect what was experienced in the pilot trial.●Erosion of Internal Components: The fluid-like behavior of the fine solid particles within the bed eventually results in the wear of the reactor vessel. This can require expensive maintenance and upkeep for the reaction vessel and pipes.4. Packed bed ReactorThere are two basic types of packed-bed reactor: those in which the solid is a reactant, and those in which the solid is a catalyst. Many examples of the first type can be found in the extractive metallurgical industries.In the chemical process industries the designer will normally be concerned with the second type: catalytic reactors. Industrial packed-bed catalytic reactors range in size from small tubes, a few centimeters diameter to large diameter packed beds. Packed-bed reactors are used for gas and gas-liquid reactions. Heat-transfer rates in large diameter packed beds are poor and where high heat-transfer rates are required fluidized beds should be considered.Unit 4 REACTION ENGINEERINGLESSON 12 REACTOR TYPES1.搅拌反应釜间歇搅拌反应釜是最简单的反应釜类型。
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(A-Z 化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(A-C4- - p;碳化carbonmonoxyhemoglobin 一氧化碳血红蛋白carbonyl bromide 碳酰溴carbonyl chloride 碳酰氯carbonyl compound 羰基化合物carbonyl group 羰基carbonyl reagent 羰基试剂carbonyl sulfide 硫化羰carbonylation 羰基化carborundum 金刚砂carborundum brick 金刚砂砖carborundum paper 砂纸carboxyl group 羧基carboxylase 羧基酶carboxylation 羧化carboxylic 类羧酸的carboxylic acid 羧酸carboxymethyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素carboxypeptidase 羧肽酶carboy 酸瓶carboy tilter 酸坛倾架carburan 铀铅沥青carburation 增热carburetor 增热器carburetted water gas 增烃水煤气carburization 渗碳carbylamine 胩carcass 构架carcinogens 致癌物cardamon 小豆蔻cardamon oil 小豆蔻油cardboard 纸板cardiac glycoside 强心苷cardiolipin 心脂质cardiotonic drug 强心剂carene 蒈烯carmine 胭脂红carmine lake 胭脂红色料carminic acid 胭脂红酸carnallite 光卤石carnauba wax 加洛巴蜡carnaubic acid 廿四酸carnitine 肉毒碱carnosine 肌肽carnot's cycle 卡诺循环carnot's theorem 卡诺定理carotene 胡萝卜素carotenoid 类胡萝卜素carotin 胡萝卜素carotinoid 类胡萝卜素carrier 载体carrier distillation 载体蒸馏carrier gas 载气carry over 携带carthamin 红花黄carton 纸板cartridge 弹药筒carvacrol 香芹酚carvone 香芹酮caryophyllene 丁子香烯caryophyllin 丁子香素cascade 级联阶式蒸发器cascade refrigerating system 级联冷冻系统cascade shower 级联簇射case hardening 表面硬化casein 酪朊casein glue 酪蛋白胶casein paint 酪朊涂料casein plastic 酪朊塑料caseinogen 酪朊原casing 外壳casing head gasoline 天然汽油casing of a boiler 锅炉围壁cassel brown 颜料棕casserole 勺皿cassia oil 肉桂油cassiopeium 镥cast resin 铸型尸castable refractories 耐火浆料castings 铸造物castor oil 蓖麻油catabolism 异化酌catabolite 降解产物catalase 过氧化氢酶catalysis 催化catalyst 催化剂catalyst carrier 催化剂载体catalyst selectivity 催化剂选择性catalyst surface area 催化剂表面积catalytic action 催化酌catalytic activity sequence 催化活性序列catalytic analysis 催化分析catalytic aromatization 催化芳化catalytic combustion 催化燃烧catalytic cracking 催化分解catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化catalytic oxidation 催化氧化catalytic poison 催化毒catalytic polymerization 催化聚合catalytic reaction 催化反应catalytic reduction 催化还原catalytic reforming 催化改质catalyzer 催化剂cataphoresis 电泳catastrophe theory 突变理论catcher 捕集器catechin 八茶酸catechol 八茶酚catecholamine 八茶酚胺catenane 套环烷catgut 肠线catharometer 气体分析仪catharometry 气体分析法cathepsin 组织蛋白酶cathetometer 测高计cathode 阴极cathode drop 阴极电势降cathode efficiency 阴极效率cathode fall 阴极电势降cathode layer 阴极层cathode luminescence 阴极发光cathode ray 阴极射线cathode ray luminescence 阴极射线发光cathode ray oscillograph 阴极线示波器cathodic inhibitor 阴极抑制剂cathodic polarization 阴极极化cathodic protection 阴极防蚀cathodic reaction 阴极反应cathodic reduction 阴极还原catholyte 阴极电解液cation 阳离子cation exchange 阳离子交换cation exchange membrane 阳离子交换膜cation exchange resin 阳离子交换尸cation soap 阳离子皂cationic detergent 阳离子型洗涤剂cationic dye 阳离子染料cationic heteroatom 阳异原子cationic polymerization_ 阳离子聚合cationic surface active agent 阳离子表面活性剂cationic surfactant 阳离子表面活性剂cationoid reagent 阳离子试剂cationotropy 阳离子移变caulking compound 嵌缝填料causality 因果律caustic alkali 苛性碱caustic baryta 氢氧化钡caustic lime 苛性石灰caustic potash 氢氧化钾caustic soda 苛性苏打caustic wash 碱洗causticity 苛性度caustification 苛化cavitation 空穴现象cedar oil 雪松油cedrene 雪松烯ceiling temperature 顶棚温度celestine 天青石celestite 天青石celite c 盐cell 电池;细胞cell constant 电池常数cellobiase 纤维二糖酶cellobiose 纤维二糖cellophane 玻璃纸cellosolve 溶纤剂cellular constituent 细胞成分cellular plastics 泡沫塑料cellular rubber 海绵橡胶cellular structure 细胞状结构cellulase 纤维酶celluloid 赛珞璐cellulose 纤维素cellulose acetate 乙酰纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate 醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate fiber 醋酸纤维素纤维cellulose acetate rayon 醋酸纤维素人造丝cellulose ester 纤维素酯cellulose ether 纤维素醚cellulose filler 纤维填料cellulose glycolate 羧甲基纤维素cellulose hydrate 纤维素水合物cellulose micell 纤维素微胞cellulose nitrate 硝酸纤维素cellulose nitrate acetate 硝基乙酸纤维素cellulose plastics 纤维素塑料cellulose propionate 丙酸纤维素cellulose triacetate 三醋酸纤维素cellulose xanthate 黄原酸纤维素celsius scale 摄氏温标celsius thermometer 摄氏温度计cement 水泥cement clinker 水泥烧块cement copper 淀积铜cement mortar 水泥灰奖cement paste 水泥浆cementation 渗碳cementing material 粘合剂cementite 渗碳体center of mass 质量中心center of symmetry 对称中心centinormal 1%当量浓度的centipoise 厘泊centistoke 厘司central force 中心力central force field 中心力场central limit theorem 中心极限定理centrifugal analysis 离心分析centrifugal casting 离心铸造centrifugal compressor 离心压缩机centrifugal dehydrator 离心脱水机centrifugal extractor 离心萃取器centrifugal fan 离心通风机centrifugal force 离心力centrifugal governor 离心蒂器centrifugal pump 离心泵centrifugal sedimentation 离心沉降centrifugal separator 离心分离器centrifugal washer 离心洗涤器centrifugation 离心分离centrifuge refining 离心精制centripetal force 向心力cephaeline 吐根酚碱cephaline 脑磷脂ceramic industry 陶瓷工业ceramic membrane 陶瓷膜ceramics 陶瓷ceramography 陶瓷相学ceramoplastics 陶瓷塑料cerargyrite 角银矿cerate 蜡剂cereal 谷物cerebronic acid 脑酮酸cerebroside 脑甘脂ceresin 木炭ceresine 地蜡ceria 二氧化铈ceric oxide 二氧化铈ceric sulfate 硫酸高铈cerimetric titration 铈滴定cerimetry 铈滴定cerium 铈cerium chloride 氯化铈cerium hydroxide 氢氧化铈cerium nitrate 硝酸铈cerium oxalate 草酸铈cermet 金属陶瓷cerosin 木炭cerotic acid 蜡酸cerous compounds 三氯化铈cerous hydroxide 氢氧化铈cerous nitrate 硝酸铈cerous oxalate 草酸铈cerous salt 三价铈盐cerous sulfate 硫酸铈ceruse 碳酸铅白cerussite 白铅矿ceryl alcohol 蜡醇cesium 铯cesium alum 铯矾cesium chloride 氯化铯cesium sulfate 硫酸铯cessation reaction 终止反应cetane 鲸蜡烷cetane number 十六烷值cetene 鲸蜡烯cetin 鲸蜡素cetyl alcohol 鲸蜡醇cetylic acid 棕榈酸chadacryst 捕获晶chain 链chain carrier 链载体chain compound 链化合物chain initiation reaction 链引发反应chain isomerism 链异构chain molecule 链型分子chain polymer 链型聚合物chain polymerization 链锁聚合chain propagation reaction 链增长反应chain reaction 链锁反应chain scission 断链chain structure 链结构chain termination 链终止反应chain transfer agent 链转移剂chain transfer reaction 链转移反应chair conformation 椅式构象chair form 椅型chalcanthite 胆矾chalcedony 玉髓chalcocite 辉铜矿chalcogen 氧族chalcogenide 氧族化合物chalcone 查耳酮chalcophile element 亲铜元素chalcopyrite 黄铜矿chalcosine 辉铜矿chalcostibite 硫铜锑矿chalk 白垩chalking 垩化chalybite 菱铁矿chamber acid 铅室酸chamber crystals 铅室晶格chamber dryer 箱式干燥机chamber kiln 房式炉chamber process 铅室法chameleon solution 哈美龙溶液chamotte 熟耐火粘土chamotte brick 耐火砖channel 通道channel black 槽法炭黑characteristic curve 特性曲线characteristic equation 特性方程characteristic radiation 特性辐射characteristic x rays 特性x 射线characterization 表征表示特性characterization factor 特性系数charcoal 木炭charcoal blast furnace 木炭鼓风炉charcoal filter 木炭过滤器charcoal gas 木炭气charcoal iron 木炭铁charcoal power 木炭粉charge 电荷;填充;充电charge cloud 电荷云charge conjugation 电荷共轭charge transfer complex 电荷转移络合物charged particle 带电粒子charged species 带电粒种charger 装料机charging 装料charging apparatus 装料设备charging current 充电电流charging hopper 装料斗charging pump 供给泵charpy impact test 单梁式冲辉验charring 碳化chaulmoogra oil 大枫子油check 检查;裂纹check analysis 检验分析check test 检查试验cheese 干酪chelate 螯合chelate compound 螯形化合物chelate effect 螯合效应chelate resin 螯合型尸chelate ring 螯形环chelating agent 螯合剂chelating ion exchange resin 螯合离子交换尸chelating ligand 螯形配合基chelation 螯合chelatometric titration 螯合滴定chelatometry 螯合滴定法chelerythrine 白屈菜季铵碱chelidonic acid 白屈菜酸chemical actinometer 化学光量计chemical action 化学酌chemical activity 化学活性chemical affinity 化学亲和力chemical analysis 化学分析chemical apparatus 化学仪器chemical atomic weight 化学原子量chemical balance 化学天平chemical bleaching 化学漂白chemical bond 化学键chemical change 化学变化chemical cleaning 化学脱垢chemical composition 化学组成chemical compound 化合物chemical constitution 化学结构chemical corrosion 化学腐蚀chemical creep 化学蠕变chemical decomposition 化学分解chemical dosimeter 化学剂量计chemical dosimetry 化学剂量测定chemical element 化学元素chemical energy 化学能chemical engineer 化学工程师chemical engineering 化学工程chemical equation 化学方程式chemical equilibrium 化学平衡chemical equivalent 化学当量chemical erosion 化学侵蚀chemical evolution 化学进化chemical fertilizer 化学肥料chemical formula 化学式chemical glass 化学玻璃chemical indicator 化学指示剂chemical industry 化学工业chemical ion pump 化学离子泵chemical kinetics 化学动力学chemical laser 化学激光器chemical mechanism 化学机理chemical modification 化学改质chemical nomenclature 化学命名法chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量chemical physics 化学物理学chemical plant 化工厂chemical polarization 化学极化chemical polishing 化学抛光chemical porcelain 化学瓷器chemical potential 化学势chemical process 化学过程chemical property 化学性质chemical pulp 化学纸浆chemical rays 化学射线chemical reaction 化学反应chemical reactor 化学反应器chemical relaxation method 化学松弛法chemical resistance 耐化学性chemical ripening 化学熟成chemical seasoning 化学刀剂chemical sensitization 化学增感chemical sensor 化学传感剂chemical shift 化学位移chemical shift anisotropy 化学位移异向性chemical simulation 化学模拟法chemical stoneware 耐酸陶器chemical stress relaxation 化学应力松弛chemical structure 化学结构chemical symbol 化学符号chemical synthesis 化学合成chemical technology 化学工艺学chemical thermodynamics 化学热力学chemical treatment 化学处理chemical weapon 化学武器chemically pure 化学纯chemicals 化学药品chemichromatography 化学色谱法chemicophysics 化学物理学chemiground wood pulp 化学磨木浆chemiluminescence 化学发光chemism 化学机理chemisorption 化学吸着chemist 化学家chemistry 化学chemization 化学化chemoautotrophy 化学自养chemobiodynamics 化学生物动力学chemofossils 化学化石chemography 化学成分图解法chemomagnetization 化学磁化chemometrics 化学计量学chemometry 化学计量chemonite 亚砷铜铵chemorheology 化学龄学chemosensitivity 化学敏感性chemosmosis 化学渗透chemosynthesis 化学合成chemotherapeutic 化学治疗剂chemotherapy 化学疗法chemotoxic zone 化学毒性带chenopodium oil 土荆芥油chi square distribution 卡方分布chi square test 卡方检验chicle 糖胶屎chile nitre 智利硝石chiller 激冷器冷冻机chilling machine 激冷器冷冻机chimyl alcohol 鲛肝醇china clay 瓷土china wood oil 桐油chinese ink 中国墨chip 碎片chiral molecules 手性分子chirality 手赵称性chitin 甲壳质chitinase 壳质酶chitosamine 壳糖胺chitosan 壳聚糖chloral 氯醛chloral formamide 氯醛甲酰胺chloral hydrate 水合氯醛chloralose 氯醛糖chloramine 氯胺chloramphenicol 氯胺苯醇chloranil 氯醌chlorate 氯酸盐chlorazide 叠氮化氯chlordane 氯丹chlorhydrination 氯配位水分子chloric acid 氯酸chloride 氯化物chloridometry 氯测量法chlorinated biphenyl 氯化联苯chlorinated lime 漂白粉chlorinated rubber 氯化橡胶chlorination 氯化酌;氯化chlorine 氯chlorine bleaching 氯漂白chlorine consumption 耗氯量chlorine detonating gas 氯爆鸣气chlorine gas 氯气chlorine peroxide 二氧化氯chlorine water 氯水chlorite 亚氯酸盐chloro bromide paper 氯溴化银纸chloroacetate 氯醋酸盐chloroacetic acid 氯醋酸chloroauric acid 氯金酸chloroazotic acid 王水chlorobenzene 氯苯chlorobutanol 氯代丁醇chloroethylene 氯乙烯chloroform 氯仿chlorogold acid 氯金酸chlorohydrin 氯代醇chlorohydrine 氯醇chloromethane 甲基氯chloromethylation 氯甲基化酌chlorometry 氯量滴定法chloronaphthalene 氯萘chlorophyll 叶绿素chloropicrin 氯化苦chloroplatinate 氯铂酸盐chloroplatinic acid 氯铂酸chloroplatinite 氯亚铂酸盐chloroplatinous acid 氯亚铂酸chloroprene 氯丁二烯chloroprene rubber 氯丁二烯橡胶chloropropylene oxide 氯丙撑氧chlorosulfonic acid 氯磺酸chlorotetracycline 氯四环素chlorotrifluoroethylene 氯三氟乙烯chlorous acid 亚氯酸chlorphenol red 氯酚红choke damp 窒息气cholesteric state 胆甾醇状态cholesterine 胆甾醇cholesterol 胆甾醇cholic acid 胆酸choline 胆碱choline esterase 胆碱酯酶chondrite 球粒陨石chondroitin 软骨碱chondromucoid 软骨粘蛋白chondrosamine 软骨糖胺chop type feeder 断续式给料器chorda chirurgicalis 肠线chroma 色度感chromate 铬酸盐chromatic aberration 色象差chromatic color 彩色chromaticity 色度chromaticity diagram 色度图chromatogram 色谱图chromatographic adsorption 色层吸附chromatographic analysis 色层分析法chromatography 色层法chrome alum 铬矾chrome brick 铬砖chrome dye 铬染料chrome green 铬绿chrome iron ore 铬铁矿chrome leather 铬革chrome magnesite brick 铬镁砖chrome mordant 铬媒染剂chrome orange 铬橙chrome plating 镀铬chrome red 铬红chrome tanning 铬chrome yellow 铬黄chromic acid 铬酸chromic acid mixture 铬酸混和液chromic anhydride 铬酸酐chromic chloride 氯化铬chromic oxide 铬绿chromic salt 三价铬盐chromite 亚铬酸盐chromite brick 铬砖chromium 铬chromium acetate 醋酸铬chromium chloride 氯化铬chromium compound 铬化合物chromium hydroxide 氢氧化铬chromium oxide 铬绿chromium plating 镀铬chromium sulfate 硫酸铬chromium trioxide 三氧化铬chromogen 色原chromoisomerism 异色异构chromone 色酮chromophore 发色团chromoprotein 色素蛋白chromoscope 色度计chromosome 染色体chromotropic acid 铬变酸chromous salt 亚铬盐chromyl chloride 铬酰氯chronoamperometry 计时安培分析法chronopotentiometry 计时电位滴定法chrysene 屈chrysin 白杨黄素chrysoberyl 金绿宝石chrysoidine 柯衣汀chrysolite 橄榄石chrysophenine 直接菊黄chymosin 凝乳酶chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶chymotrypsinogen 胰凝乳蛋白酶原cigarette burning 端面燃烧ciguatoxin 雪卡毒素cinchona alkaloid 金鸡纳生物碱cinchona bark 金鸡纳胜cinchonine 辛可宁cinder 煤渣;熔渣cineole 桉试cinnabar 朱砂cinnamate 肉桂酸盐cinnamic acid 肉桂酸cinnamic alcohol 肉桂醇cinnamic aldehyde 肉桂醛cinnamon oil 肉桂油cinnoline 噌啉circuit element 线路元件circular chromatography 环形色谱法circular deoxyribonucleic acid 环状脱氧核糖核酸circular dichroism 圆二色性circular motion 圆运动circulating pump 循环泵cis 顺式cis form 顺式cis isomer 顺式异构体cis isomerism 顺式异构cis position 顺位cis trans isomerism 顺反异构citral 柠檬醛citrate 柠檬酸盐citric acid 柠檬酸citric acid fermentation 柠檬酸发酵citronella oil 香茅油citronellal 香茅醛citronellol 香茅醇citrulline 瓜氨酸city gas 城市气civetone 香猫酮claisen condensation 克莱森缩合claisen flask 克莱森瓶clamp 钳clarain 亮煤clarification 澄清clarifier 澄清剂clarifying agent 澄清剂clarite 硫砷铜矿clarity 透萌clark cell 克拉克电池clarke number 克拉克数classical quantum theory 经典量子论classification 分类classifier 分级器分粒器clathrate compound 包含化合物clathrate polymerization 笼形包合clay 粘土clay mineral 粘土矿物clay refining 白土精制clay regeneration 白土再生clean surface 清洁表面cleaner 净化器cleaning agent 净化剂cleanser 净化剂clear lacquer 清喷漆clearity 透萌cleavage 劈开cleveite 钇铀矿cleveland tester 克利夫兰试验器clinker 熔块clinker brick 炼砖clinker mineral 烧结矿物clinograph 孔斜计clip 夹cloisonne 景泰蓝closed cup flash test 闭杯闪点试验closed cycle 闭路closed shell 闭壳clot 凝固cloud chamber 云室cloud point 浊点clove oil 丁香油cluster compound 簇状化合物cluster expansion 集团展开cluster ion 离子群coacervate 凝聚层coacervation 凝聚coadsorption 共吸附coagel 凝聚胶coagulant 凝聚剂coagulase 凝洁酶coagulating bath 凝固浴coagulation 凝结coagulation of blood 血液凝结coagulation value 凝结值coagulative power 凝结力coal 煤coal carbonization 焦化coal dressing 选煤coal dust 煤粉coal gas 煤气coal gasification 煤气化coal preparation 选煤coal property 煤质coal sludge 煤淤泥coal tar 煤焦油coal tar dyes 煤焦油染料coal tar oil 煤焦油coal tar pitch 煤焦油沥青coalification 煤化酌coarse crushing 粗碎coarse grained 粗颗粒的coated fabric 涂层织物coating material 涂料cobalt 钴cobalt bloom 钴华cobalt blue 钴蓝cobalt carbide 碳化钴cobalt chloride 氯化钴cobalt compound 钴化合物cobalt glass 钴玻璃cobalt green 钴绿cobalt hydroxide 氢氧化钴cobaltic chloride 氯化高钴cobaltite 辉钴矿cobaltous chloride 氯化亚钴cocaine 可卡因cocarboxylase 辅羧酶cocatalyst 助催化剂cochineal 胭脂虫红cochineal solution 胭脂红溶液cock 栓coconut oil 椰子油cod liver oil 鱼肝油codeine 可待因codimer 共二聚体codon 码字>coefficient 系数coefficient of cubic expansion 体积膨胀系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of linear expansion 线膨胀系数coefficient of mass transfer 质量传递系数coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数coefficient of variation 变异系数coefficient of viscosity 粘度系数coenzyme 辅酶coffeine 咖啡因coherence 相干性coherent scattering 相干散射cohesion 内聚cohesive energy 内聚能cohesive energy density 内聚能密度cohesive force 内聚力coil condenser 旋管冷凝器coil pipe 蛇管coincidence boundary 重合边界coincidence method 符合法cokability 成焦性coke 焦炭coke breeze 焦炭屑coke oven 炼焦炉coke oven gas 焦炉煤气coke oven plant 炼焦炉设备coke oven tar 焦炉焦油coking 炼焦coking coal 炼焦用煤coking property 成焦性colchicine 秋水仙碱colcothar 褐红色铁氧化物cold bath 冷浴cold calendering 冷轧光cold cream 冷膏cold crushing strength 低温压碎强度cold drawing 冷拔cold flow 冷流cold lime soda process 冷石灰苏打法cold molding 冷压cold mordanting 冷媒染cold polymerization 冷聚合cold press 冷压cold resistance 冷态电阻cold rubber 冷聚合橡胶cold setting adhesive 冷固胶cold setting glue 冷固胶cold storage 冷藏cold stretch 冷拉伸cold test 冷试验cold vulcanization 冷硫化cold work 冷加工collagen 骨胶原collargol 胶体银collection trap 收集阱collective model 集体模型collector 捕集剂collidine 可力丁colligative properties 依数性collision 碰撞collision distance 碰撞距离collision theory 碰撞理论collodion 火胶collodion cotton 胶棉collodion emulsion 火胶乳液collodion wool 胶棉colloid 胶体colloid chemistry 胶体化学colloid mill 胶体磨colloidal catalyst 胶质催化剂colloidal electrolyte 胶态电解质colloidal fuel 胶态燃料colloidal graphite 胶体石墨colloidal particle 胶粒colloidal silver 胶体银colloidal solution 胶体溶液colloidal state 胶态colloidal structure 胶状结构colloidal substance 胶质colloidal sulphur 胶态硫colloidal system 胶态物系colloidal titration 胶体滴定collotype 珂罗版colloxylin 胶棉colophony 松香color acid 色酸color center 彩色中心color change interval 变色间隔color combination 配色color comparator 比色仪color comparison tube 比色管color coupler 彩色偶合剂color development 彩色显影color disk 色盘color fastness 染色坚牢度color filler 彩色填充剂color filter 滤色片color index 比色指数color matching 配色color material 色材color mill 颜料研磨机color photography 彩色照相color pyrometer 色测高温计color reaction 显色反应color saturation 色饱和度color scale 比色刻度尺color sensation 彩色感觉color sensitizer 彩色感光剂color sensitizing 彩色增感color sensitizing dye 彩色增感染料color separation 彩色分离color stability 彩色稳定性color standard 色标准color tone 色调colorant 着色剂coloration 着色colored glass 有色玻璃colored glaze 色彩釉colored plating 有色镀金colored portland cement 有色波特兰水泥colorimeter 比色计colorimetric analysis 比色分析colorimetric determination 比色法colorimetric titration 比色滴定colorimetry 比色法coloring 着色coloring agent 着色剂coloring matter for food 食用色素coloring metal 着色金属coloring power 着色力columbin 咖伦宾columbium 钶column 塔column chromatography 柱状色谱分离法column development chromatography 柱展开色谱column plate 塔板column still 分馏柱column tower 孔板塔colza oil 菜籽油comb structure 梳状结构combination 化合combination principle 并合原理combined carbon 结合碳combined chlorine content 化合氯量combined sulfur 化合硫combined water 结合水combining weight 化合量combustibility 可燃性combustible 可燃物combustible gas 可燃气体combustion 燃烧combustion analysis 燃烧分析combustion apparatus 燃烧装置combustion boat 燃烧舟combustion chamber 燃烧室combustion efficiency 燃烧效率combustion furnace 燃烧炉combustion gas 燃烧气体combustion heat 燃烧热combustion method 燃烧方法combustion pipet 燃烧球管combustion product 燃烧产物combustion reaction 燃烧反应combustion temperature 燃烧温度combustion test 燃烧试验combustion tube 燃烧管combustion velocity 燃烧速度combustion zone 燃烧区commercial fertilizer 商品肥料common glass 普通玻璃common ion effect 共同离子效应common salt 食盐communicating vessels 连通器commutation relation 交换关系commutative group 可换群commutator 对易子comonomer 共聚用单体comparative method 比较法comparator 比较器comparison liquid 比较液compartment dryer 箱式干燥机compatibility 相容性compensating lead 补偿导线compensation method 补偿法competitive inhibition 竞争性抑制compiler 自动编码器complementary color 互补色complete analysis 完全分析complete combustion 完全燃烧complete differential 恰当微分complete gasification 完全气化complete manure 完全肥料complete saturation 完全饱和complete treatment of nepheline 霞石完全处理complex 络合物complex catalyst 络合催化剂complex chromatography 络合物色谱法complex compound 络合物complex ion 络离子complex number 复数complex radical 复基complex reaction 复合反应complex salt 复盐complex treatment of sea water 海水综合处理complexing agent 络化剂complexometric titration 络合滴定法complexometry 络合滴定法component 组分composite material 复合材料composite particle 复合粒子composite yeast 复合酵母composition 组成compost 堆肥compound 化合物compound fertilizer 复合肥料compound lipid 复合脂质compound microscope 复式显微镜compound protein 复合蛋白compressed air 压缩空气compressed gas 压缩气体compressed petroleum gas 液化石油气体compressed yeast 压缩酵母compressibility 压缩性compressible fluid 可压缩性铃compression 压缩compression ignition 压缩点火compression molding 压缩模compression ratio 压缩率compression set 压缩永久变形compression stroke 压缩行程compressive strength 耐压强度compressor 压缩机compressor oil 压缩机油computed tomography 计算断层照相法computer 电子计算机computer chemistry 计算机化学computer control 计算机控制conalbumin 伴白朊concentrate 浓缩物concentrated acid 浓酸concentrated latex 浓缩胶乳concentrated nitric acid 浓硝酸concentrated solution 浓溶液concentrated sulfuric acid 浓硫酸concentration 浓度;浓缩concentration cell 浓差电池concentration gradient 浓度梯度concentration limit 极限浓度concentrationovervoltage 浓差超电势concentration polarization 浓差极化concentration potential 浓差电势concentratometer 浓度计concentrator 浓缩器concrete 混凝土concrete mixer 混凝土机condensate 冷凝物condensation 冷凝condensation chamber 冷凝室condensation curve 冷凝曲线condensation polymerization 缩合聚合condensation product 缩合物condensation reaction 缩合反应condensation resin 缩合尸condensed borate 聚合硼酸盐condensed film 凝聚膜condensed phosphate 多聚磷酸酯condensed ring 稠环condensed water 冷凝水condenser 冷凝器condenser lens 聚光透镜condenser paper 电容平condenser spark 电容火花condensing agent 缩合剂condensing mirror 聚光镜condensing tower 冷凝塔conditionof equilibrium 平衡条件conditional stability constant 条件稳定常数conditioning 第conductance 传导性conductance water 电导水conducting paint 电导性涂料conducting polymer 导电聚合物conduction electron 传导电子conductive rubber 导电橡胶conductivity 传导性conductivity measuring apparatus 电导率测量装置conductivity watrer 电导水conductometer 电导计conductometric analysis 电导分析法conductometric titration 电导滴定法conductor 导体cone 锥cone classifier 锥形分级机cone crusher 锥形压碎机configuration 构型configuration interaction 构型相互酌confining liquid 封闭液confirmation 证实confirmatory reaction 验证反应conformation 构象conformational analysis 构象分析congelation 凝固congestin 海葵毒素conglomerate 砾岩congo red 刚果红congo red test paper 刚果红试纸conhydrine 毒芹羟碱conical ball mill 锥形球磨机conical beaker 锥形瓶conical quartering 锥形四分法coniferol 松柏醇coniferyl alcohol 松柏醇coniine hydrobromide 氢溴酸欧毒芹硷conjugate acid 共轭酸conjugate acid base pair 共轭酸碱偶conjugate addition 共轭加成conjugate base 共轭碱conjugate fiber 双组分纤维conjugate point 共轭点conjugated diene 共轭二烯conjugated double bond 共轭双键conjugated lipid 结合脂质conjugated polyene 共轭聚烯conjugated polymers 共轭聚合物conjugated protein 结合蛋白质conjugated system 共轭系conjugation 共轭conjugation effect 共轭效应consecutive reaction 连锁反应conservative system 保守系consistency 稠度consistometer 稠度计consolute temperature 混溶温度constant 常数constant boiling mixture 恒沸点混合物constant current electrolysis 恒电羚解constant error 固定误差constant moistened sample 恒湿样品constant potential electrolysis 恒电压电解constant pressure gas thermometer 定压气体温度计constant rate drying 恒速干燥constant temperature 定温constant weight 恒重constantan 康铜constituent 构成constitution 结构constitution water 化合水constitutional formula 结构式constitutional isomer 结构异构体constitutive enzyme 组成酶constitutive property 结构性contact acid 接触酸contact action 接触酌contact adhesive 压合式粘合剂contact catalyst 接触催化剂contact corrosion 接触腐蚀contact electricity 接触电contact electrode 接触电极contact filtration 接触过滤contact percolation 接触过滤contact poison 接触毒物contact potential 接触电势contact print 接触印刷contact process 接触法contact reactor 接触反应器contact resin 触压尸contact surface 接触表面contact thermometer 接触式温度计contact time 接触时间contact twin 接触双晶contamination 沾污content 含量content of starch 淀粉含量continuity 连续性continuous centrifuge 连续离心机continuous distillation 连续蒸馏continuous flow conveyor 连续了输机continuous ion exchange operation 连续离子交换操作continuous molding 连续成形continuous operation 连续操作continuous phase 连续相continuous polymerization 连续聚合continuous process 连续法continuous rectification 连续精馏continuous spectrum 连续光谱continuous variation method 连续变化法continuous x rays 连续x 射线contraction 收缩contrast developer 对照显影剂contrast test 对比试验control 控制control equipment 控制设备control test 对照试验controller 控制器convection 对流convection tube 对淋convection zone 对零convergence pressure 会聚压力convergent lens 会聚透镜conversion 转化conversion factor 换算因数converter 转炉conveyor 输送机cooler 冷却器cooling 冷却cooling action 冷却酌cooling bath 冷却浴cooling curve 冷却曲线cooling medium 冷却介质cooling pipe 冷却管cooling pond 冷却池cooling roll 冷却辊cooling surface 冷却面cooling test 冷却试验cooling tower 冷却塔cooling water 冷却水cooperative phenomenon 合字象coordinate bond 配位键coordinated water 配位水coordination 配位coordination chemistry 配位化学coordination compound 配位化合物coordination formula 配价式coordination isomer 配位异构物coordination isomerism 配位异构coordination lattice 配位晶格coordination number 配位数coordination polymer 配位高聚物coordination theory 配位理论cop dyeing 管纱染色copaiba balsam 苦配巴香膏copal 骨湃脂copal oil 骨湃油copal varnish 骨湃脂清漆copel 考佩尔铜镍合金copolyamide 共缩聚酰胺copolycondensation 共缩聚copolyester 共聚多酯copolymer 共聚物copolymerization 共聚合copolymerized oil 共聚油copper 铜copper acetate 醋酸铜copper acetylide 乙炔亚铜。
Abio chemistry 无生化学;无机化学ablation 消融ablution 洗净abnormal setting 反常凝结abnormality 反常abradant 磨料abrader 磨损试验机abrasion 磨耗abrasion loss 磨损量abrasion resistance 耐磨能力abrasion test 磨耗试验abrasion testing machine 磨损试验机abrasive 磨料abrasive grain 磨料颗粒abrasive industry 磨料工业abrasive paper 砂纸abrasiveness 磨损性abrasives 研磨剂abs resin abs 尸abs resins abs 尸absinthe oil 洋艾油absolute activity 绝对活性度absolute alcohol 无水酒精absolute calibration 绝对校准absolute configuration 绝对构型absolute dry condition 绝对干燥状态absolute dry weight 绝对干重absolute error 绝对误差absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute measurement 绝对测量absolute reaction rate 绝对反应速度absolute sensitivity 绝对灵敏度absolute specific gravity 真比重absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute unit 绝对单位absolute value 绝对值absolute viscosity 绝对粘度absolute zero 绝对零度absorbability 吸收性absorbance 吸光度absorbed dose 吸收线量absorbent 吸收剂absorbent paper 吸收纸absorber 吸收器吸收体absorbing power 吸收能力absorptiometer 吸光测定计absorptiometric analysis 吸光分析absorptiometry 吸收分光光度法absorption 吸收absorption band 吸收带absorption cell 吸收池absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption column 吸收塔absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption edge 吸收端absorption factor 吸收因子absorption heat 吸收热absorption intensity 吸收强度absorption line 吸收线absorption maximum 最大吸收absorption method 吸收法absorption oil 吸收油absorption pipet 吸收管absorption refrigerator 吸收式冷冻器absorption spectrophotometry 吸收分光光度法absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorption tower 吸收塔absorption tube 吸收管absorptive power 吸收能力absorptivity 吸收率accelerant 促进剂accelerated aging 加速老化accelerated aging test 加速老化试验accelerated weathering test 加速风化试验accelerating agent 促进剂acceleration globulin 促凝血球蛋白acceleration of gravity 重力加速度accelerator 促进剂acceptor 接受体accessory constituent 副成分accetyl value number 乙酰值accidental error 偶然误差acclimatization 驯化accommodation 适应accumulator 蓄电池accumulator acid 蓄电池酸液accuracy 准确度acetal 乙缩醛acetal phosphatide 缩醛磷脂acetal resin 缩醛尸acetaldehydase 乙醛酶acetaldehyde 乙醛acetaldehyde ammonia 乙醛合氨acetaldehyde reductase 醇脱氢酶acetate dye 醋酸染料acetate fiber 醋酸纤维acetate film 醋酸纤维胶片acetate rayon 醋酸丝acetazolamide 乙酰唑胺acetic acid 醋酸acetic acid fermentation 乙酸发酵acetic acid glacial 冰醋酸acetic aldehyde 乙醛acetic anhydride 醋酐acetic bacteria 醋酸菌acetic ester 醋酸酯acetification 醋化酌acetone 丙酮acetone alcohol 丙酮醇acetone body 酮体acetone butanol fermentation 丙酮丁醇发酵acetone chloroform 三氯叔丁醇acetone cyanhydrin 丙酮合氰化氢acetone dicarboxylic acid 丙酮二羧酸acetone fermentation 丙酮发酵acetone sugar 丙酮糖acetonic acid 醋酮酸acetonitrile 乙腈aceturic acid 乙酰甘氨酸acetyl bromide 乙酰溴acetyl chloride 乙酰氯acetyl hydroperoxide 过乙酸acetyl iodide 碘化乙酰acetyl ketene 二酮acetyl peroxide 过氧化乙酰acetyl propionyl 乙酰丙酰acetyl value 乙酰值acetylating agent 乙酰剂acetylation 乙酰化acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱acetylene 乙炔acetylene black 乙炔炭黑acetylene burner 乙炔燃烧器acetylene chemistry 乙炔化学acetylene chloride 乙炔基氯acetylene complex 乙炔络合物acetylene generator 乙炔发生器acetylene linkage 炔键acetylene polymer 乙炔聚合物acetylene tetrachloride 四氯乙炔acetylene welding 气焊acetylenic hydrocarbon 乙炔属烃类acetylide 乙炔化合物acid albumin 酸蛋白acid alizarine 酸性茜素acid amide 酸胺acid ammonium sulfate 硫酸氢铵acid ammonium tartrate 酒石酸氢铵acid anhydride 酸酐acid azid 酰基叠acid azo dye 酸性偶氮染料acid base catalysis 酸碱催化acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid base indicator 酸碱指示剂acid base pair 酸碱对acid base titration 酸碱滴定acid bath 酸浴acid black 酸性黑acid carbonate 酸性碳酸盐acid chloride 酸性氯化物acid content 含酸量acid converter 酸性转炉acid decomposition 酸分解acid dye 酸性染料acid egg 酸蛋acid elevator 酸蛋acid error 酸误差acid fermentation 酸发酵acid catalyst 酸催化剂acid fixing bath 酸性定像浴acid former 成酸物质acid fuchsin 酸性品红acid green 酸性绿acid group 酸根acid halide 酸性卤化物acid hydrolysis 加酸水解酌;酸解acid iodide 酰基碘acid mordant dye 酸性媒染料acid number 酸值acid of lemon 柠檬酸acid pickle 废酸液acid pickling 酸浸acid potassium carbonate 酸式碳酸钾acid potassium sulfate 硫酸氢钾acid precipitation 酸雨acid proof alloy 耐酸合金acid proof brick 耐酸砖acid proof enamel 防酸搪瓷acid proof paint 耐酸涂料acid proof pump 耐酸泵acid radical 酸基acid reaction 酸性反应acid recovery plant 废酸回收设备acid refractory 酸性耐火材料acid resistance 耐酸性acid salt 酸性盐acid sludge 废酸acid sodium carbonate 酸式碳酸钠acid solution 酸溶液acid strength 酸强度acid sulfate 硫酸氢盐acid treatment 酸处理acid value 酸值acidic oil resin 酸性油尸acidic oxide 酸性氧化物acidic reaction 酸性反应acidic titrant 酸性滴定剂acidification 酸化acidimeter 酸比重计acidimetry 酸量滴定acidity 酸度acidity function 酸度函数acidosis 酸中毒acmite 锥辉石acriflavine hydrochloride 盐酸氮蒽黄acrinamin 奎纳克林acrolein 丙烯醛acrolein dimer 丙烯醛二聚物acrolein resin 丙烯醛尸acrolein test 丙烯酸试验acrosin 精虫头粒蛋白acrylaldehyde 丙烯醛acrylamide 丙烯酰胺acrylate 丙烯酸盐acrylic acid 丙烯酸acrylic fiber 丙烯酸纤维acrylic resin 丙烯酸尸acrylic rubber 丙烯酸橡胶acrylonitrile 丙烯腈actin 肌动蛋白actinic rays 光化射线actinide 锕类actinides 锕化物actinism 光化度actinium 锕actinium series 锕系actinochemistry 光化学actinolite 阳起石actinometer 日光辐射计actinomycin 放线菌素activated adsorption 活性吸附activated alumina 活性矾土activated atom 活化原子activated carbon 活性炭activated clay 活性白土activated complex 活化络合物activated molecule 活化分子activated sludge 活性污泥activated sludge process 活性污泥法activated state 跃迁态activation 活化activation analysis 放射化分析activation energy 活化能activator 活化剂active carbon 活性炭active center 活化中心active charcoal 活性炭active deposit 活性沉积物active earth 漂白土active earths 活性土active filler 活性填料active group 活性基active hydrogen 活性氢active mass 有效质量active material 活性物质active nitrogen 活性氮active oxygen 活性氧active power 有效功率active solvent 活性溶剂activity 活度activity coefficient 活度系数activity index 活动指数actomyosin 肌动球朊acyclic 无环的acyclic compound 无环化合物acyclic hydrocarbon 无环烃acyl carrier protein 酰基载体蛋白acyl chloride 酰基氯acyl group 酰基acyl peroxide 过氧化酰基acylating agent 酰化剂acylation 酰化adamsite 亚当氏毒气adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adapter 接管adaptive system 自适应系统adatom 被吸附原子addition 附加addition agent 添加剂addition compound 加成化合物addition polymer 加聚物addition polymerization 加聚酌addition product 附加产物addition reaction 加成反应addition solid solution 加成固溶体additional loss 附加损失additive 添加剂additive color process 加色法additive mixing 加法混合additivity 加性adduct 加合物adduct rubber 加合橡胶adermin 抗皮炎素adherence 粘合adherence test 粘着试验adhesion 粘合adhesive 胶粘的adhesive ability 粘着能力adhesive bond 粘结结合adhesive capacity 粘着能力adhesive film 粘附膜adhesive power 粘附力adhesive tape 粘合带adhesiveness 粘合性adhesives 粘着剂adhesivity 粘附性adiabatic calorimeter 绝热量热器adiabatic change 绝热变化adiabatic compressibility 绝热压缩系数adiabatic curve 绝热曲线adiabatic expansion 绝热膨胀adiabatic lapse rate 绝热递减率adiabatic potential 绝热电位adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic reaction 绝热反应adiabatic reactor 绝热反应器adrenal cortex hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adrenalin 肾上腺素adsorbability 吸附性adsorbate 吸附质adsorbent 吸附剂adsorber 吸附器adsorption 吸附adsorption analysis 吸附分析adsorption capacity 吸附能力adsorption chromatography 吸附色层分析法adsorption compound 吸附化合物adsorption current 吸附电流adsorption equilibrium 吸附平衡adsorption exponent 吸附指数adsorption heat 吸附热adsorption indicator 吸附指示剂adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线adsorption potential 吸附势adsorption site 吸附点adsorption water 吸附水adsorption wave 吸附波aerated concrete 加气混凝土aerated water 充气水aeration 吹风aerobe 需氧微生物aerobic digestion 需氧消化aerobic fermentation 需氧发酵aerochemical 空气化学的aerochemistry 空气化学aerocolloid 气溶胶aerodynamic sound 空气动力声affinity labeling 亲和标记aflatoxin 黄曲毒素after cure 后硫化after effect 后效应after fermentation 后发酵after ripening 后熟after vulcanization 后硫化age resister 抗老剂agent 试剂agent of oxidation 氧化剂agglomerate 烧结块agglomeration 结块agglutinant 凝集剂agglutination 凝集agglutination reaction 凝集反应agglutinin 凝集素agglutometer 胶粘计aggregate 聚集体aggregation 聚集aging 成熟aging resistance 抗老化性agitation 搅拌agitator 搅拌机aglycon 糖苷配基agmatin 精胺agricultural chemistry 农业化学air bath 空气浴air bubble 气泡air cell 空气电池air chamber 空气室air classifier 风力分级器air compressor 空气压缩机air condenser 空气冷凝器air conditioning 空气第air conditioning equipment 空气第设备air content 空气含量air cooler 空气冷却器air cure 空气硫化air deficiency 空气缺乏air drying 空气干燥air elutriation 风筛air entraining agent 加气剂air excess 空气过量air filter 空气过滤器air fuel ratio 空气燃料比air gas 空气气体air hardening steel 空气淬硬钢air heater 空气加热器air humidity 空气湿度air lift 空气吸扬air liquefier 空气液化器air liquefying apparatus 空气液化装置air oxidation 空气氧化air pollution 大气污染air pump 气泵air purifier 空气净化器air reduction process 空气还原法air reservoir 储气筒air separation 吹气分离air separator 空气分离器air setting 空气硬化air shower 空气淋浴air temperature 气温airhole 风眼albumin glue 蛋白胶albuminate 白蛋白化合物albuminoid 硬朊alchemy 炼金术alcian blue 阿尔新蓝alcogel 醇凝胶alcohol 醇alcohol acid 醇酸alcohol dehydrogenase 醇脱氢酶alcohol fuel 酒精燃料alcohol lamp 酒精灯alcohol of crystallization 结晶醇alcohol thermometer 酒精温度计alcohol varnish 醇溶清漆alginate 藻蛋白酸盐alginate fiber 藻酸纤维alginic acid 海藻酸algol blue 阿果蓝algol color 阿果染料algorithm 算法alicyclic 脂环族的alicyclic compound 脂环化合物aliesterase 脂族酯酶aliphatic 无环的aliphatic acid 脂族酸aliphatic alcohol 脂族醇aliphatic amine 脂族胺aliphatic base 脂族碱aliphatic compound 脂族化合物aliphatic ether 脂族醚aliphatic hydrocarbon 脂族烃aliphatic series 脂族系aliphatic unsaturated carboxylic acid 脂族不饱羧酸alite 阿里特alizarin 茜素alizarin blue 茜素蓝alizarin brown 茜素棕alizarin dye 茜素染料alizarin lake 茜素色淀alizarin yellow 茜黄alizarine 茜素alkali 碱alkali blue 碱性蓝alkali cellulose 碱纤维素alkali fusion 碱熔融alkali ion diode 碱离子二极管alkali lignin 碱木素alkali liquor 碱液alkali metal 碱金属alkali resistance 耐碱性alkali rock 碱性岩alkali salt 碱金属盐alkalimeter 碱量计alkalimetry 碱量滴定法alkaline accumulator 减蓄电池alkaline bath 碱浴alkaline cell 碱性电池alkaline cleaner 碱性清洗剂alkaline earth metal 碱土金属alkaline earths 碱土族alkaline hydrolysis 加碱水解alkaline reaction 碱性反应alkaline solution 碱性溶液alkaline storage battery 减蓄电池alkalinity 碱度alkalization 碱化alkaloid 生物碱alkaloid reagent 生物碱试剂alkalosis 碱中毒alkine 链炔alkyd paint 醇酸涂料alkyd resin 醇酸尸alkyd resin varnish 醇酸清漆alkyl 烷基alkyl cellulose 烷基纤维素alkyl cyanide 烷基氰alkyl group 烷基alkyl halide 烷基卤alkyl sulfate 烷基硫酸盐alkyl sulfide 烷基硫alkyl sulfonic acid 烷基磺酸allergy 过敏反应allethrin 丙烯拟除虫菊酯allicin 蒜辣素alligator pear oil 鳄梨油allosteric effect 别构效应allosteric enzyme 变构酶allosteric transition 变构转变allostery 变构性allothreonine 别苏氨酸allotrope 同素异形体allotropism 同素异形allotropy 同素异形allowable error 容许误差allowed transition 容许跃迁alloxan 阿脲alloxanic acid 阿脲酸alloxazine 咯嗪alloy 合金alloy analysis 合金分析alloy steel 合金钢allulose 阿卢糖alluvial gold 砂金allyl acetate 醋酸丙烯酯allyl alcohol 烯丙醇allyl amine 烯丙胺allyl bromide 烯丙基溴allyl chloride 烯丙基氯allyl complex 烯丙基络合物allyl compound 烯丙基化合物allyl cyanide 烯丙基腈allyl iodide 烯丙基碘allyl isothiocyanate 异硫氰酸烯丙酯allyl mercaptan 烯丙硫醇allyl resin 烯丙尸allyl sulfide 烯丙基硫allylene 丙炔allylic rearrangement 烯丙重排alpha brass 黄铜alpha cellulose 纤维素alpha counter 粒子计数器alpha iron 铁alpha naphthol 萘酚alpha position 位alpha ray spectrometer 射线能谱仪alpha rays 射线alstonine 鸡骨常山碱alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃alternating copolymer 交替共聚物alternating current 交流alternating current polarography 交莲谱alternation 交替altimeter 测高仪altitude 高度altrose 阿卓糖alum 茂alumel 镍基锰合金alumina 氧化铝alumina brick 矾土砖alumina bubble brick 泡沫矾土砖alumina cement 矾土水泥alumina fiber 氧化铝纤维alumina gel 铝凝胶alumina silica refractory 硅酸铝耐火材料aluminate 铝酸盐aluminum 铝alumite 茂石alumstone 茂石alundum 刚铝石alunite 茂石amalgam 汞齐amalgam cell 汞齐电池amalgam electrode 汞齐电极amalgamation 汞齐化amalgamation process 汞齐化过程amanitin 鹅膏菌素amaranth 蓝光酸性红amatol 阿马图amber 琥珀amber glass 琥珀玻璃amberite 琥珀炸药amine 胺amine formaldehyde 胺甲醛amine oxidase 胺氧化酶amino acid 氨基酸amino acid sequence 氨基酸顺序amino compound 氨基化合物amino nitrogen 氨基氮amino plastic resin 氨基塑料尸amino resins 氨基尸amino sugar 氨基糖amino terminal 氨基末端酸aminopeptidase 氨基胜胨酵素aminophenol 氨基苯酚ammeter 电另ammonal 阿芒拿ammonia 氨ammonia compressor 氨气压缩机ammonia gas 氨气ammonia poisoning 氨中毒ammonia still 氨气塔ammonia synthesis 氨合成ammonia water 氨水ammoniacal brine 氨盐水ammoniacal fermentation 氨发酵ammoniacal latex 氨胶乳ammoniated superphosphate 含铵过磷酸钙ammonite 阿芒炸药ammonium 铵ammonium acetate 乙酸铵ammonium alum 铵茂ammonium benzoate 安息香酸铵ammonium borate 硼酸铵ammonium carbamate 氨基甲酸铵ammonium carbonate 碳酸铵ammonium chloride 氯化铵ammonium chromate 铬酸铵ammonium cyanate 氰酸铵ammonium dichromate 重铬酸铵ammonium fluoride 氟化铵ammonium formate 甲酸铵ammonium hydrogen carbonate 碳酸氢铵ammonium hydroxide 氢氧化铵ammonium iodate 碘酸铵ammonium iron sulfate 硫酸铁铵ammonium metavanadate 偏钒酸铵ammonium molybdate 钼酸铵ammonium nitrate 硝酸铵ammonium nitrate explosive 硝铵炸药ammonium nitrate fertilizer 硝铵肥料ammonium oxalate 草酸铵ammonium perchlorate 高氯酸铵ammonium persulfate 过硫酸铵ammonium phosphate 磷酸铵ammonium phosphite 亚磷酸铵ammonium phosphomolybdate 磷钼酸铵ammonium stearate 硬脂酸铵ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵ammonium sulfite 亚硫酸铵ammonium thiocyanate 硫氰酸铵amorphism 无定形amorphous carbon 无定形碳amorphous graphite 无定型石墨amorphous material 无定形材料amorphous metal 无定形金属amorphous phosphorus 无定形磷amorphous polymer 非晶态聚合物amorphous state 无定形状态amorphous sulfur 无定形硫ampere 安amphibole 闪石amphipathic molecule 两亲水脂分子amphiphilic molecule 两亲水脂分子ampholyte 两性电解质ampholytic active agent 两性表面活性剂ampholytic surfactant 两性表面活性剂ampholytoid 两性胶体amphoteric 两性的amphoteric character 两性特征amphoteric colloid 两性胶体amphoteric compound 两性化合物amphoteric ion 两性离子amphoteric oxide 两性氧化物amphoteric resin 两性尸amplifier 放大器ampule 安瓿amygdalin 扁桃苷amyl 戊基amyl acetate 醋酸戊酯amyl alcohol 戊醇amyl bromide 戊基溴amyl butyrate 丁酸戊酯amyl ether 戊醚amyl formate 甲酸戊酯amyl mercaptan 戊硫醇amyl nitrite 亚硝酸戊酯amyl oleate 油酸戊酯amyl propionate 丙酸戊酯amyloid 淀粉状朊amylolysis 淀粉分解amylopectin 支链淀粉amylopsin 胰淀粉酶amylose 直链淀粉anabolism 同化酌anaerobe 厌氧微生物anaerobic glycolysis 无氧糖酵解analcime 方沸石analgesic 镇痛药analog digital conversion 模拟数字转换analog signal 模拟信号analogue 类似analogue computer 模拟计算机analysis 分析analysis line 分析线analysis with ion selective electrodes 离子选择电极分析法analytically pure 分析纯anatase octahedrite 锐钛矿anchor agitator 锚式搅拌器anchor stirrer 锚式搅拌器andalusite 红柱石andesite 安山岩anesthetic 麻醉剂anethole 茴香脑aneurin 硫胺素angelica lactone 当归内酯angelica oil 当归油angiotensin 血管紧张肽angle of polarization 偏振光角angle of refraction 折射角angle of repose 休止角anglesite 硫酸铅矿angstrom 埃angular momentum 角动量anhalonine 老头掌碱anhydride 酐anhydrite 硬石膏anhydrone 无水高氯酸镁anhydrous 无水的anhydrous acid 无水酸anhydrous alcohol 无水酒精anhydrous ammonia 无水氨anhydrous salt 无水盐anileridine 氨苄哌替啶anilide 酰替苯胺aniline 苯胺aniline black 苯胺黑aniline blue 苯胺蓝aniline dye 苯胺染料aniline formaldehyde resin 苯胺甲醛尸aniline hydrochloride 盐酸苯胺aniline point 苯胺点aniline red 苯胺红aniline resin 苯胺尸aniline yellow 苯胺黄anilol 酒精苯胺混合液animal biochemistry 动物生化学animal charcoal 骨炭animal chemistry 动物化学animal dye 动物染料animal fat 动物脂animal fiber 动物纤维animal glue 动物胶animal oil 动物油anime 硬尸anion 阴离子anion active agent 阴离子表面活性剂anion exchange 阴离子交换anion exchange resin 阴离子交换尸anion exchanger 阴离子交换剂anionic polymerization 阴离子聚合anionic surfactant 阴离子表面活性剂anionoid reagent 类阴离子试剂anionotropy 阴离子移变现象anisaldehyde 茴香醛anise oil 茴香油anisic acid 茴香酸anisic alcohol 茴香醇anisidine 茴香胺anisole 茴香醚annealing furnace 退火窑annealing temperature 退火温度annulene 环轮烯anode 阳极anode effect 阳极效应anode process 阳极过程anode slime 阳极淀渣anodic oxidation 阳极氧化anodic polarization 阳极极化anodic reaction 阳极反应anodization 阳极化anodizing 阳极化anolyte 阳极电解液anomalous dispersion 异常弥散anomalous magnetic moment 异常磁矩anomalous skin effect 反常囚效应anthraquinone dye 蒽醌染料anthrarufin 蒽绛酚anthraxylon 结焦素anthrone 蒽酮anti allergic drug 抗过敏性药anti fouling paint 防污涂料anti tack agent 防粘剂antiacid 解酸药antiacid additive 抗酸添加剂antiager 抗老剂antiaromaticity 反芳香性antibiosis 抗生antibiotics 抗生物质antibody 抗体antibonding orbital 反键轨道anticarcinogen 抗癌物anticatalyst 抗催化剂anticathode 对阴极antichlor 脱氯剂anticholinesterase 抗胆碱酯酶剂anticoagulant 抗凝剂anticoagulating action 阻凝酌anticonvulsant 镇痉剂anticorrosion 抗腐蚀anticorrosive agent 防腐蚀剂anticorrosive paint 防腐涂料antigen 抗原antihistamine 抗组胺剂antihistaminic agent 抗组胺剂antiknock agent 抗爆剂antiknock gasoline 抗爆汽油antiknocking fuel 抗爆燃料antimetabolite 抗代谢物antimonate 锑酸盐antimonial lead 锑铅antimonic acid anhydride 锑酸酐antimonide 锑化物antimonite 亚锑酸盐antimony 锑antimony chloride 氯化锑antimony electrode 锑电极antimony hydride 氢化锑antimony oxide 氧化锑antimony potassium tartrate 酒石酸锑钾antimony red 锑红antimony sulfate 硫酸锑antimony sulfide 硫化锑antimony trisulfide 三硫化二锑antisepsis 防腐antiseptics 防腐剂antispasmodic 镇痉剂antistat 抗静电剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂antitermination factor 抗终止因素antithrombin 抗凝血酶antitoxin 抗毒素antivitamin 抗维生素apatite 磷灰石apparatus 装置apparent activation energy 表观活化能apparent density 表观密度apparent equilibrium 表观平衡apparent specific gravity 表观比重apparent viscosity 表观粘度applied chemistry 应用化学applied thermodynamics 应用热力学approximate calculation 近似计算approximate value 近似值aprotic solvent 非质子溶剂aqua ion 水合离子aqua regia 王水aquagel 水凝胶aquametry 测水法aqueous emulsion 水乳状液aqueous medium 水介质aqueous phase 水相aqueous solution 水溶液aqueous vapor 水蒸汽arabic acid 阿糖酸arabic gum 阿拉伯胶arabinose 阿拉伯糖arc process 电弧法arc spectrum 弧光谱arch brick 拱砖argillaceous sand 粘质砂土argillite 泥质板岩arginase 精氨酸酶arginine 精氨酸argol 粗酒石argon 氩aroma 香味aromatic acid 芳族酸aromatic aldehyde 芳族醛aromatic amine 芳香胺aromatic compound 芳族化合物aromatic hydrocarbon 芳香烃aromatic nucleus 芳香环aromatic series 芳香系aromaticity 芳香度aromatization 芳香化aromatization reaction 芳香化反应aroylation 芳酰基化arrhenius equation 阿雷尼厄斯方程arsanilic acid 阿散酸arsenate 砷酸盐arsenazo i 偶氮胂arsenblende 雄黄arsenic 砷arashless filter paper 无灰滤纸asparaginase 天门冬酰胺酶asparagine 天门冬酰胺aspirin 阿司匹林assay 试金assay balance 试金天平assay flask 试验瓶assayer's tongs 试金钳assili cotton 阿嘻棉assimilation 同化assimilation starch 同化淀粉assistant 助剂associated liquid 缔合液体association 缔合assortment 分类astacin 虾红素astatine 砹atom 原子atomic absorption spectrometry 原子吸收分光光度法atomic arrangement 原子排列atomic mass 原子质量atomic mass unit 原子质量单位atomic model 原子模型atomic molecular theory 原子分子论atomic nucleus 原子核atomic number 原子序atomic orbital 原子轨道atomic polarization 原子极化atomic properties 原子特性atomic radius 原子半径atomic refraction 原子折射atomic scattering factor 原子散射因子atomic spectrum 原子光谱atomic structure 原子结构atomic susceptibility 原子磁化率atomic symbol 原子符号atomic theory 原子论atomic unit 原子单位atomic volume 原子体积atomic weight 原子量atomicity 原子数atomism 原子论auric compound 正金化合物auric oxide 氧化金auric salt 正金盐aurin 金精aurin tricarboxylic acid 铝试剂auripigment 雄黄aurothioglucose 金硫葡萄糖aurous chloride 氯化亚金aurous compound 亚金化合物aurous oxide 氧化亚金aurous salt 亚金盐austenite 奥氏体auto condensation 自动缩合autocatalysis 自动催化autocatalyst 自动催化剂autocatalytic reaction 自动催化反应autoclave 压热器autocomplex 自动合成物autocorrelation function 自相关函数autoracemization 自动外消旋autotetraploid 同源四倍体autotransformer 单卷变压器autovulcanization 自动硫化autoxidation 自氧化autunite 钙铀云母auxiliary air 辅助空气auxiliary electrode 辅助电极auxiliary unit 辅助单位auxiliary valency 副价auximone 茁长激素auxin 茁长素auxochrome 助色团availability 有效性available chlorine 有效氯available energy 有效能available phosphoric acid 有效磷酸avenin 燕麦蛋白average boiling point 平均沸点average degree of polymerization 平均聚合度average error 平均误差average life 平均寿命average mean molecular weight 平均分子量average molecular weight 平均分子量average particle diameter 平均粒子直径average sample 平均试样average speed 平均速度average value 平均值aviation gasoline 航空汽油aviation mix 航空汽油抗爆液avidin 抗生物素蛋白avocado oil 鳄梨油avogadro number 阿伏伽德罗数avogadro's hypothesis 阿伏伽德罗假说avogadro's law 阿伏伽德罗定律axial bond 贮axial flow pump 轴撩axiomatic quantum field theory 公理的量子场理论axis 轴axis of rotation 旋转轴azaserine 重氮丝氨酸azelaic acid 杜鹃花酸azeotrope 共沸混合物azeotropic copolymer 共沸共聚物azeotropic distillation 共沸蒸馏azeotropic mixture 共沸混合物azeotropic point 共沸点azeotropy 共沸性azide 叠氮化物azimuthal 方位的azimuthal quantum number 角量子数azine 吖嗪azine dye 吖嗪染料aziridine 氮杂环丙烷azlactone 吖内酯azlon 人造蛋白质纤维azo compound 偶氮化合物azo coupling 偶氮耦合azo dye 偶氮染料azo group 偶氮基azobenzene 偶氮苯azodicarbonamide 偶氮甲酰胺azoimide 叠氮化氢azole 唑azolitmin 石蕊精azotometer 氮素计azoxy compound 氧化偶氮化合物azoxybenzene 氧化偶氮苯azulene 甘菊环烃azurite 蓝铜矿b stage resin b 阶尸baby dryer 小烧缸bacillus 杆菌bacitracin 杆菌肽back bond 反向键back flow condenser 回龄凝器back mixing 逆向混合back pressure 反压back reaction 逆反应back sweetening 返回脱硫法back titration 回滴定backfire 回火backflash 反闪backscattering 后方散射backward motion 反向运动backwash 回洗bacteria 细菌bacterial fertilizer 细菌肥料bacterial incubator 细菌培育箱bactericide 杀细菌剂bacteriochlorophyll 菌叶绿素bacteriolysis 溶菌酌bacteriostasis 抑菌酌baddeleyite 斜锆石baeyer reaction 拜尔反应baeyer reagent 拜尔试药baeyer villiger rearrangement 拜尔维利格重排baffle 挡板bag filter 袋滤器bagasse 甘蔗渣bakelite 酚醛塑料baking 烧制baking enamel 烘烤搪瓷baking powder 发粉baking varnish 烤漆balance 平衡balance bar 平衡杆balance beam 平衡杆balance pan 天平盘balance rider 游码balata 巴拉塔矢ball clay 块状粘土ball hardness 钢球硬度ball mill 球磨机ball valve 球阀ball viscosimeter 落球式粘度计balloon tire 低压轮胎balsam 香脂banana oil 香蕉油band brake 带式制动器band dryer 带式干燥机band spectrum 带光谱barbital 巴比妥barbituric acid 巴比土酸barilla 海草灰苏打barite 重晶石barium 钡barium acetate 醋酸钡barium bioxide 二氧化钡barium carbonate 碳酸钡barium chlorate 氯酸钡barium chloride 氯化钡barium chromate 铬酸钡barium crown glass 钡钙玻璃barium cyanate 氰酸钡barium dioxide 二氧化钡barium flint glass 钡火石玻璃barium fluoride 氟化钡barium hydroxide 氢氧化钡barium manganate 锰酸钡barium nitrate 硝酸钡barium nitrite 亚硝酸钡barium oxide 氧化钡barium perchlorate 高氯酸钡barium peroxide 过氧化钡barium sulfate 硫酸钡barium sulfide 硫化钡barium thiosulfate 硫代硫酸钡barium titanate 钛酸钡barium yellow 钡黄barkometer 液比重计barley malt 大麦芽barley sugar 大麦糖barm 酒母barometer 气压计barometric condenser 气压冷凝器barrel 桶;卷筒barrier penetration 势垒穿透barrier separation 膜分离baryta 氧化钡baryta paper 钡地纸baryta water 氢氧化钡水溶液baryta yellow 钡黄baryte 重晶石basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率basal metabolism 基础代谢basalt 玄武岩base 碱base catalysis 碱催化酌base exchange 碱交换base line 基线base metal 贱金属base solution 底液basic acetate 碱式乙酸盐basic bismuth carbomate 碱式碳酸铋basic bismuth nitrate 碱式硝酸铋basic converter 碱性转炉basic dye 碱性染料basic function 基础函数basic lead carbonate 碱式碳酸铅basic material 基本材料basic open hearth process 碱性平炉法basic oxide 碱性氧化物basic reaction 碱性反应basic refractory 碱性耐火材料basic salt 碱性盐basic slag 碱性炉渣basicity 碱度basil 罗勒basket strainer 篮过滤器bast fiber 韧皮纤维batch distillation 分批蒸馏batch extraction 分批萃取batch mixer 分批混合器batch process 分批法batch rectification 分批精馏batchwise operation 分批操作bath ratio 液比bath solution 电解液bath voltage 浴电压bathochrome 深色基团bathochromic effect 增色效应bathochromic shift 红移bating 软化battery 蓄电池battery acid 蓄电池用酸battery plate 蓄电池极板baudish's reagent 铜铁灵baume degree 波美度baume hydrometer 波美比重计bauxite 铝土矿bauxite brick 铝矾土砖bauxite treating 铝土处理bayer's method 拜尔法bayer's process 拜尔法bead polymerization 粒状聚合bead reaction 熔珠反应bead tube 熔珠管beadlet 珍珠beaker 杯bean oil 豆油bearing metal 轴承合金beater 打浆机bebeerine 比比林beckmann rearrangement 贝克曼转位beckmann thermometer 贝克曼温度计becquerel rays 贝壳勒尔射线beer wort 麦芽汁beer yeast 啤酒酵母beer's law 贝尔定律beeswax 蜂蜡beet sugar 甜菜糖behenic acid 辣木子油酸behenyl alcohol 二十二醇beilstein's method 贝尔斯登方法belite b 盐bell metal 钟铜bellmetal ore 黄锡矿belt conveyor 带式运输机bemegride 贝美格bending strength 弯曲强度benedict reagent 本尼迪特试剂bengal isinglass 琼脂benne oil 芝麻油bentonite 膨润土benzal 亚苄benzal chloride 苄叉二氯benzalaniline 苄叉苯胺benzaldehyde 苯醛benzamide 苯酰胺benzanilide 苯酰替苯胺benzanthracene 苯并蒽benzanthrone 苯并蒽酮benzene 苯benzene complex 苯络合物benzene diazonium chloride 氯化重氮苯benzene hexachloride 六六六benzene nucleus 苯核benzene ring 苯环benzene series 苯系benzene sulfinic acid 苯亚磺酸benzene sulfonic acid 苯磺酸benzhydrol 二苯基甲醇benzidine 联苯胺benzidine rearrangement 联苯胺重排benzidine sulfate 硫酸联苯胺benzidine yellow 联苯胺黄benzil 苯偶酰benzilic acid 二苯乙醇酸benzine 轻质汽油benzoate 苯甲酸盐benzoazurine 苯并天青精benzoic acid 苯酸benzoic anhydride 苯酸酐benzoin 苯偶姻benzoin condensation 苯偶姻缩合benzoin gum 安息香胶benzoinoxime 苯偶姻肟benzol 苯benzole 苯benzonaphthol 苯酰萘酚benzonitrile 苄腈benzophenone 二苯甲酮benzopurpurin 苯紫红素benzoquinone 苯醌benzotrichloride 苄川三氯benzotrifluoride 三氟甲苯benzoyl chloride 苯酰氯benzoyl peroxide 过氧化苯甲酰benzoylaminoacetic acid 马尿酸benzoylation 苯酰化酌benzoylglycine 苯甲酰基甘氨酸benzyl acetate 醋酸苄酯benzyl alcohol 苄醇benzyl benzoate 苯酸苄酯benzyl bromide 苄基溴benzyl cellulose 苄基纤维素benzyl chloride 苄基氯benzyl cinnamate 肉桂酸苄酯benzyl formate 甲酸苄酯benzyl mercaptane 苄硫醇benzyl salicylate 水杨酸苄酯benzyl thiocyanate 硫氰酸苄酯benzylamine 苄胺benzylaniline 苄基苯胺benzylation 苄化benzylcarbinol 苯基乙醇benzylidene acetone 亚苄基丙酮benzylidene chloride 苄叉二氯benzylpenicillin 苄青霉素benzyne 苯炔berbamine 小蘖胺berberine 小蘖碱berberine sulfate 硫酸小蘖碱bergamot oil 佛手柑油berger agent 贝格尔试药berger mixture 贝格尔混合物bergius' process 伯吉乌斯过程bergmann rearrangement 伯格曼换位berkelium 锫berlin blue 普鲁士蓝bernoulli's theorem 伯努利定理berthelot's principle 贝特洛原理berthollet salt 贝托莱盐beryl 绿柱石beryllate 铍酸盐beryllia 氧化铍beryllium 铍beryllium acetate 醋酸铍beryllium bronze 铍青铜beryllium carbonate 碳酸铍beryllium chloride 氯化铍beryllium fluoride 氟化铍beryllium hydroxide 氢氧化铍beryllium metaphosphate 偏磷酸铍beryllium nitrate 硝酸铍beryllium nitride 氮化铍beryllium oxide 氧化铍bessel's differential equation 贝塞耳微分方程bessemer converter 贝赛麦转炉beta brass 黄铜beta decay 衰变beta endorphin 内啡肽beta rays 射线betaine 甜菜碱betatron 电子回旋加速器biamperometry 双安培滴定biaxial crystal 双轴晶体bible paper 印度纸bibliometer 吸水性能测定仪bibulous paper 吸墨纸bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐bichromate 重铬酸盐bichromate cell 重铬酸盐电池bichromate titration 重铬酸盐滴定bichromated gelatine 铬煤bicolorimeter 双色比色计bicomponent fiber 双组分纤维bicyclic compound 二环化合物bicyclic terpene 双环萜烯bidalotite 直闪石biformity 二形bile acid 胆汁酸biliprotein 胆蛋白质bilirubin 胆红素biliverdin 胆绿素bimetal 双金属bimetallic instrument 双金属仪器bimetallic temperature regulator 双金属温度第器bimetallic thermometer 双金属温度计bimolecular reaction 双分子反应binary acid 二元酸binary alloy 二元合金binary compound 二元化合物binary electrolyte 二元电解质binary mixture 二元混合物binary separation 二元分离binary solution 二元溶液binary system 二元体系binder 粘合剂binding energy 键能binding material 粘合剂binding protein 结合蛋白质bingham flow 宾汉怜binocular microscope 双目显微镜binomial distribution 二项式分布binomial theorem 二项定理binuclear complex 双核络合物binuclear metallic complex salt 双核金属络合物盐bioassay 生物测定biocatalysis 生物催化biocatalyst 生物触媒biocatalyzer 生物催化剂biochemical analysis 生物化学分析biochemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量biochemical reaction 生物化学反应biochemical reactor 生化反应器biochemistry 生物化学biocide 杀虫剂biocleaner 生物洗涤剂biocollochemistry 生物胶体化学biocolloid 生物胶体biocomputer 生物计算机biocytin 生物胞素biocytinase 生物胞素酶bioenergetics 生物能学biogen 酵母促生物原biogeochemistry 生物地球化学biological assay 生物测定biological ceramics 生物陶瓷biological chemistry 生物化学biological half life 生物半衰期。
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(A-C)4- -p;碳化carbonmonoxyhemoglobin 一氧化碳血红蛋白carbonyl bromide 碳酰溴carbonyl chloride 碳酰氯carbonyl compound 羰基化合物carbonyl group 羰基carbonyl reagent 羰基试剂carbonyl sulfide 硫化羰carbonylation 羰基化carborundum 金刚砂carborundum brick 金刚砂砖carborundum paper 砂纸carboxyl group 羧基carboxylase 羧基酶carboxylation 羧化carboxylic 类羧酸的carboxylic acid 羧酸carboxymethyl cellulose 羧甲基纤维素carboxypeptidase 羧肽酶carboy 酸瓶carboy tilter 酸坛倾架carburan 铀铅沥青carburation 增热carburetor 增热器carburetted water gas 增烃水煤气carburization 渗碳carbylamine 胩carcass 构架carcinogens 致癌物cardamon 小豆蔻cardamon oil 小豆蔻油cardboard 纸板cardiac glycoside 强心苷cardiolipin 心脂质cardiotonic drug 强心剂carene 蒈烯carmine 胭脂红carmine lake 胭脂红色料carminic acid 胭脂红酸carnallite 光卤石carnauba wax 加洛巴蜡carnaubic acid 廿四酸carnitine 肉毒碱carnosine 肌肽carnot's cycle 卡诺循环carnot's theorem 卡诺定理carotene 胡萝卜素carotenoid 类胡萝卜素carotin 胡萝卜素carotinoid 类胡萝卜素carrier 载体carrier distillation 载体蒸馏carrier gas 载气carry over 携带carthamin 红花黄carton 纸板cartridge 弹药筒carvacrol 香芹酚carvone 香芹酮caryophyllene 丁子香烯caryophyllin 丁子香素cascade 级联阶式蒸发器cascade refrigerating system 级联冷冻系统cascade shower 级联簇射case hardening 表面硬化casein 酪朊casein glue 酪蛋白胶casein paint 酪朊涂料casein plastic 酪朊塑料caseinogen 酪朊原casing 外壳casing head gasoline 天然汽油casing of a boiler 锅炉围壁cassel brown 颜料棕casserole 勺皿cassia oil 肉桂油cassiopeium 镥cast resin 铸型尸castable refractories 耐火浆料castings 铸造物castor oil 蓖麻油catabolism 异化酌catabolite 降解产物catalase 过氧化氢酶catalysis 催化catalyst 催化剂catalyst carrier 催化剂载体catalyst selectivity 催化剂选择性catalyst surface area 催化剂表面积catalytic action 催化酌catalytic activity sequence 催化活性序列catalytic analysis 催化分析catalytic aromatization 催化芳化catalytic combustion 催化燃烧catalytic cracking 催化分解catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化catalytic oxidation 催化氧化catalytic poison 催化毒catalytic polymerization 催化聚合catalytic reaction 催化反应catalytic reduction 催化还原catalytic reforming 催化改质catalyzer 催化剂cataphoresis 电泳catastrophe theory 突变理论catcher 捕集器catechin 八茶酸catechol 八茶酚catecholamine 八茶酚胺catenane 套环烷catgut 肠线catharometer 气体分析仪catharometry 气体分析法cathepsin 组织蛋白酶cathetometer 测高计cathode 阴极cathode drop 阴极电势降cathode efficiency 阴极效率cathode fall 阴极电势降cathode layer 阴极层cathode luminescence 阴极发光cathode ray 阴极射线cathode ray luminescence 阴极射线发光cathode ray oscillograph 阴极线示波器cathodic inhibitor 阴极抑制剂cathodic polarization 阴极极化cathodic protection 阴极防蚀cathodic reaction 阴极反应cathodic reduction 阴极还原catholyte 阴极电解液cation 阳离子cation exchange 阳离子交换cation exchange membrane 阳离子交换膜cation exchange resin 阳离子交换尸cation soap 阳离子皂cationic detergent 阳离子型洗涤剂cationic dye 阳离子染料cationic heteroatom 阳异原子cationic polymerization_ 阳离子聚合cationic surface active agent 阳离子表面活性剂cationic surfactant 阳离子表面活性剂cationoid reagent 阳离子试剂cationotropy 阳离子移变caulking compound 嵌缝填料causality 因果律caustic alkali 苛性碱caustic baryta 氢氧化钡caustic lime 苛性石灰caustic potash 氢氧化钾caustic soda 苛性苏打caustic wash 碱洗causticity 苛性度caustification 苛化cavitation 空穴现象cedar oil 雪松油cedrene 雪松烯ceiling temperature 顶棚温度celestine 天青石celestite 天青石celite c 盐cell 电池;细胞cell constant 电池常数cellobiase 纤维二糖酶cellobiose 纤维二糖cellophane 玻璃纸cellosolve 溶纤剂cellular constituent 细胞成分cellular plastics 泡沫塑料cellular rubber 海绵橡胶cellular structure 细胞状结构cellulase 纤维酶celluloid 赛珞璐cellulose 纤维素cellulose acetate 乙酰纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate 醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate fiber 醋酸纤维素纤维cellulose acetate rayon 醋酸纤维素人造丝cellulose ester 纤维素酯cellulose ether 纤维素醚cellulose filler 纤维填料cellulose glycolate 羧甲基纤维素cellulose hydrate 纤维素水合物cellulose micell 纤维素微胞cellulose nitrate 硝酸纤维素cellulose nitrate acetate 硝基乙酸纤维素cellulose plastics 纤维素塑料cellulose propionate 丙酸纤维素cellulose triacetate 三醋酸纤维素cellulose xanthate 黄原酸纤维素celsius scale 摄氏温标celsius thermometer 摄氏温度计cement 水泥cement clinker 水泥烧块cement copper 淀积铜cement mortar 水泥灰奖cement paste 水泥浆cementation 渗碳cementing material 粘合剂cementite 渗碳体center of mass 质量中心center of symmetry 对称中心centinormal 1%当量浓度的centipoise 厘泊centistoke 厘司central force 中心力central force field 中心力场central limit theorem 中心极限定理centrifugal analysis 离心分析centrifugal casting 离心铸造centrifugal compressor 离心压缩机centrifugal dehydrator 离心脱水机centrifugal extractor 离心萃取器centrifugal fan 离心通风机centrifugal force 离心力centrifugal governor 离心蒂器centrifugal pump 离心泵centrifugal sedimentation 离心沉降centrifugal separator 离心分离器centrifugal washer 离心洗涤器centrifugation 离心分离centrifuge refining 离心精制centripetal force 向心力cephaeline 吐根酚碱cephaline 脑磷脂ceramic industry 陶瓷工业ceramic membrane 陶瓷膜ceramics 陶瓷ceramography 陶瓷相学ceramoplastics 陶瓷塑料cerargyrite 角银矿cerate 蜡剂cereal 谷物cerebronic acid 脑酮酸cerebroside 脑甘脂ceresin 木炭ceresine 地蜡ceria 二氧化铈ceric oxide 二氧化铈ceric sulfate 硫酸高铈cerimetric titration 铈滴定cerimetry 铈滴定cerium 铈cerium chloride 氯化铈cerium hydroxide 氢氧化铈cerium nitrate 硝酸铈cerium oxalate 草酸铈cermet 金属陶瓷cerosin 木炭cerotic acid 蜡酸cerous compounds 三氯化铈cerous hydroxide 氢氧化铈cerous nitrate 硝酸铈cerous oxalate 草酸铈cerous salt 三价铈盐cerous sulfate 硫酸铈ceruse 碳酸铅白cerussite 白铅矿ceryl alcohol 蜡醇cesium 铯cesium alum 铯矾cesium chloride 氯化铯cesium sulfate 硫酸铯cessation reaction 终止反应cetane 鲸蜡烷cetane number 十六烷值cetene 鲸蜡烯cetin 鲸蜡素cetyl alcohol 鲸蜡醇cetylic acid 棕榈酸chadacryst 捕获晶chain 链chain carrier 链载体chain compound 链化合物chain initiation reaction 链引发反应chain isomerism 链异构chain molecule 链型分子chain polymer 链型聚合物chain polymerization 链锁聚合chain propagation reaction 链增长反应chain reaction 链锁反应chain scission 断链chain structure 链结构chain termination 链终止反应chain transfer agent 链转移剂chain transfer reaction 链转移反应chair conformation 椅式构象chair form 椅型chalcanthite 胆矾chalcedony 玉髓chalcocite 辉铜矿chalcogen 氧族chalcogenide 氧族化合物chalcone 查耳酮chalcophile element 亲铜元素chalcopyrite 黄铜矿chalcosine 辉铜矿chalcostibite 硫铜锑矿chalk 白垩chalking 垩化chalybite 菱铁矿chamber acid 铅室酸chamber crystals 铅室晶格chamber dryer 箱式干燥机chamber kiln 房式炉chamber process 铅室法chameleon solution 哈美龙溶液chamotte 熟耐火粘土chamotte brick 耐火砖channel 通道channel black 槽法炭黑characteristic curve 特性曲线characteristic equation 特性方程characteristic radiation 特性辐射characteristic x rays 特性x 射线characterization 表征表示特性characterization factor 特性系数charcoal 木炭charcoal blast furnace 木炭鼓风炉charcoal filter 木炭过滤器charcoal gas 木炭气charcoal iron 木炭铁charcoal power 木炭粉charge 电荷;填充;充电charge cloud 电荷云charge conjugation 电荷共轭charge transfer complex 电荷转移络合物charged particle 带电粒子charged species 带电粒种charger 装料机charging 装料charging apparatus 装料设备charging current 充电电流charging hopper 装料斗charging pump 供给泵charpy impact test 单梁式冲辉验charring 碳化chaulmoogra oil 大枫子油check 检查;裂纹check analysis 检验分析check test 检查试验cheese 干酪chelate 螯合chelate compound 螯形化合物chelate effect 螯合效应chelate resin 螯合型尸chelate ring 螯形环chelating agent 螯合剂chelating ion exchange resin 螯合离子交换尸chelating ligand 螯形配合基chelation 螯合chelatometric titration 螯合滴定chelatometry 螯合滴定法chelerythrine 白屈菜季铵碱chelidonic acid 白屈菜酸chemical actinometer 化学光量计chemical action 化学酌chemical activity 化学活性chemical affinity 化学亲和力chemical analysis 化学分析chemical apparatus 化学仪器chemical atomic weight 化学原子量chemical balance 化学天平chemical bleaching 化学漂白chemical bond 化学键chemical change 化学变化chemical cleaning 化学脱垢chemical composition 化学组成chemical compound 化合物chemical constitution 化学结构chemical corrosion 化学腐蚀chemical creep 化学蠕变chemical decomposition 化学分解chemical dosimeter 化学剂量计chemical dosimetry 化学剂量测定chemical element 化学元素chemical energy 化学能chemical engineer 化学工程师chemical engineering 化学工程chemical equation 化学方程式chemical equilibrium 化学平衡chemical equivalent 化学当量chemical erosion 化学侵蚀chemical evolution 化学进化chemical fertilizer 化学肥料chemical formula 化学式chemical glass 化学玻璃chemical indicator 化学指示剂chemical industry 化学工业chemical ion pump 化学离子泵chemical kinetics 化学动力学chemical laser 化学激光器chemical mechanism 化学机理chemical modification 化学改质chemical nomenclature 化学命名法chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量chemical physics 化学物理学chemical plant 化工厂chemical polarization 化学极化chemical polishing 化学抛光chemical porcelain 化学瓷器chemical potential 化学势chemical process 化学过程chemical property 化学性质chemical pulp 化学纸浆chemical rays 化学射线chemical reaction 化学反应chemical reactor 化学反应器chemical relaxation method 化学松弛法chemical resistance 耐化学性chemical ripening 化学熟成chemical seasoning 化学刀剂chemical sensitization 化学增感chemical sensor 化学传感剂chemical shift 化学位移chemical shift anisotropy 化学位移异向性chemical simulation 化学模拟法chemical stoneware 耐酸陶器chemical stress relaxation 化学应力松弛chemical structure 化学结构chemical symbol 化学符号chemical synthesis 化学合成chemical technology 化学工艺学chemical thermodynamics 化学热力学chemical treatment 化学处理chemical weapon 化学武器chemically pure 化学纯chemicals 化学药品chemichromatography 化学色谱法chemicophysics 化学物理学chemiground wood pulp 化学磨木浆chemiluminescence 化学发光chemism 化学机理chemisorption 化学吸着chemist 化学家chemistry 化学chemization 化学化chemoautotrophy 化学自养chemobiodynamics 化学生物动力学chemofossils 化学化石chemography 化学成分图解法chemomagnetization 化学磁化chemometrics 化学计量学chemometry 化学计量chemonite 亚砷铜铵chemorheology 化学龄学chemosensitivity 化学敏感性chemosmosis 化学渗透chemosynthesis 化学合成chemotherapeutic 化学治疗剂chemotherapy 化学疗法chemotoxic zone 化学毒性带chenopodium oil 土荆芥油chi square distribution 卡方分布chi square test 卡方检验chicle 糖胶屎chile nitre 智利硝石chiller 激冷器冷冻机chilling machine 激冷器冷冻机chimyl alcohol 鲛肝醇china clay 瓷土china wood oil 桐油chinese ink 中国墨chip 碎片chiral molecules 手性分子chirality 手赵称性chitin 甲壳质chitinase 壳质酶chitosamine 壳糖胺chitosan 壳聚糖chloral 氯醛chloral formamide 氯醛甲酰胺chloral hydrate 水合氯醛chloralose 氯醛糖chloramine 氯胺chloramphenicol 氯胺苯醇chloranil 氯醌chlorate 氯酸盐chlorazide 叠氮化氯chlordane 氯丹chlorhydrination 氯配位水分子chloric acid 氯酸chloride 氯化物chloridometry 氯测量法chlorinated biphenyl 氯化联苯chlorinated lime 漂白粉chlorinated rubber 氯化橡胶chlorination 氯化酌;氯化chlorine 氯chlorine bleaching 氯漂白chlorine consumption 耗氯量chlorine detonating gas 氯爆鸣气chlorine gas 氯气chlorine peroxide 二氧化氯chlorine water 氯水chlorite 亚氯酸盐chloro bromide paper 氯溴化银纸chloroacetate 氯醋酸盐chloroacetic acid 氯醋酸chloroauric acid 氯金酸chloroazotic acid 王水chlorobenzene 氯苯chlorobutanol 氯代丁醇chloroethylene 氯乙烯chloroform 氯仿chlorogold acid 氯金酸chlorohydrin 氯代醇chlorohydrine 氯醇chloromethane 甲基氯chloromethylation 氯甲基化酌chlorometry 氯量滴定法chloronaphthalene 氯萘chlorophyll 叶绿素chloropicrin 氯化苦chloroplatinate 氯铂酸盐chloroplatinic acid 氯铂酸chloroplatinite 氯亚铂酸盐chloroplatinous acid 氯亚铂酸chloroprene 氯丁二烯chloroprene rubber 氯丁二烯橡胶chloropropylene oxide 氯丙撑氧chlorosulfonic acid 氯磺酸chlorotetracycline 氯四环素chlorotrifluoroethylene 氯三氟乙烯chlorphenol red 氯酚红choke damp 窒息气cholesteric state 胆甾醇状态cholesterine 胆甾醇cholesterol 胆甾醇cholic acid 胆酸choline 胆碱choline esterase 胆碱酯酶chondrite 球粒陨石chondroitin 软骨碱chondromucoid 软骨粘蛋白chondrosamine 软骨糖胺chop type feeder 断续式给料器chorda chirurgicalis 肠线chroma 色度感chromate 铬酸盐chromatic aberration 色象差chromatic color 彩色chromaticity 色度chromaticity diagram 色度图chromatogram 色谱图chromatographic adsorption 色层吸附chromatographic analysis 色层分析法chromatography 色层法chrome alum 铬矾chrome brick 铬砖chrome dye 铬染料chrome green 铬绿chrome iron ore 铬铁矿chrome leather 铬革chrome magnesite brick 铬镁砖chrome mordant 铬媒染剂chrome orange 铬橙chrome plating 镀铬chrome red 铬红chrome tanning 铬chrome yellow 铬黄chromic acid 铬酸chromic acid mixture 铬酸混和液chromic anhydride 铬酸酐chromic chloride 氯化铬chromic oxide 铬绿chromic salt 三价铬盐chromite brick 铬砖chromium 铬chromium acetate 醋酸铬chromium chloride 氯化铬chromium compound 铬化合物chromium hydroxide 氢氧化铬chromium oxide 铬绿chromium plating 镀铬chromium sulfate 硫酸铬chromium trioxide 三氧化铬chromogen 色原chromoisomerism 异色异构chromone 色酮chromophore 发色团chromoprotein 色素蛋白chromoscope 色度计chromosome 染色体chromotropic acid 铬变酸chromous salt 亚铬盐chromyl chloride 铬酰氯chronoamperometry 计时安培分析法chronopotentiometry 计时电位滴定法chrysene 屈chrysin 白杨黄素chrysoberyl 金绿宝石chrysoidine 柯衣汀chrysolite 橄榄石chrysophenine 直接菊黄chymosin 凝乳酶chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶chymotrypsinogen 胰凝乳蛋白酶原cigarette burning 端面燃烧ciguatoxin 雪卡毒素cinchona alkaloid 金鸡纳生物碱cinchona bark 金鸡纳胜cinchonine 辛可宁cinder 煤渣;熔渣cineole 桉试cinnabar 朱砂cinnamate 肉桂酸盐cinnamic acid 肉桂酸cinnamic alcohol 肉桂醇cinnamic aldehyde 肉桂醛cinnamon oil 肉桂油cinnoline 噌啉circuit element 线路元件circular chromatography 环形色谱法circular deoxyribonucleic acid 环状脱氧核糖核酸circular dichroism 圆二色性circular motion 圆运动circulating pump 循环泵cis 顺式cis form 顺式cis isomer 顺式异构体cis isomerism 顺式异构cis position 顺位cis trans isomerism 顺反异构citral 柠檬醛citrate 柠檬酸盐citric acid 柠檬酸citric acid fermentation 柠檬酸发酵citronella oil 香茅油citronellal 香茅醛citronellol 香茅醇citrulline 瓜氨酸city gas 城市气civetone 香猫酮claisen condensation 克莱森缩合claisen flask 克莱森瓶clamp 钳clarain 亮煤clarification 澄清clarifier 澄清剂clarifying agent 澄清剂clarite 硫砷铜矿clarity 透萌clark cell 克拉克电池clarke number 克拉克数classical quantum theory 经典量子论classification 分类classifier 分级器分粒器clathrate compound 包含化合物clathrate polymerization 笼形包合clay 粘土clay mineral 粘土矿物clay refining 白土精制clay regeneration 白土再生clean surface 清洁表面cleaner 净化器cleaning agent 净化剂cleanser 净化剂clear lacquer 清喷漆clearity 透萌cleavage 劈开cleveite 钇铀矿cleveland tester 克利夫兰试验器clinker 熔块clinker brick 炼砖clinker mineral 烧结矿物clinograph 孔斜计clip 夹cloisonne 景泰蓝closed cup flash test 闭杯闪点试验closed cycle 闭路closed shell 闭壳clot 凝固cloud chamber 云室cloud point 浊点clove oil 丁香油cluster compound 簇状化合物cluster expansion 集团展开cluster ion 离子群coacervate 凝聚层coacervation 凝聚coadsorption 共吸附coagel 凝聚胶coagulant 凝聚剂coagulase 凝洁酶coagulating bath 凝固浴coagulation 凝结coagulation of blood 血液凝结coagulation value 凝结值coagulative power 凝结力coal 煤coal carbonization 焦化coal dressing 选煤coal dust 煤粉coal gas 煤气coal gasification 煤气化coal preparation 选煤coal property 煤质coal sludge 煤淤泥coal tar 煤焦油coal tar dyes 煤焦油染料coal tar oil 煤焦油coal tar pitch 煤焦油沥青coalification 煤化酌coarse crushing 粗碎coarse grained 粗颗粒的coated fabric 涂层织物coating material 涂料cobalt 钴cobalt bloom 钴华cobalt blue 钴蓝cobalt carbide 碳化钴cobalt chloride 氯化钴cobalt compound 钴化合物cobalt glass 钴玻璃cobalt green 钴绿cobalt hydroxide 氢氧化钴cobaltic chloride 氯化高钴cobaltite 辉钴矿cobaltous chloride 氯化亚钴cocaine 可卡因cocarboxylase 辅羧酶cocatalyst 助催化剂cochineal 胭脂虫红cochineal solution 胭脂红溶液cock 栓coconut oil 椰子油cod liver oil 鱼肝油codeine 可待因codimer 共二聚体codon 码字>coefficient 系数coefficient of cubic expansion 体积膨胀系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of linear expansion 线膨胀系数coefficient of mass transfer 质量传递系数coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数coefficient of variation 变异系数coefficient of viscosity 粘度系数coenzyme 辅酶coffeine 咖啡因coherence 相干性coherent scattering 相干散射cohesion 内聚cohesive energy 内聚能cohesive energy density 内聚能密度cohesive force 内聚力coil condenser 旋管冷凝器coil pipe 蛇管coincidence boundary 重合边界coincidence method 符合法cokability 成焦性coke 焦炭coke breeze 焦炭屑coke oven 炼焦炉coke oven gas 焦炉煤气coke oven plant 炼焦炉设备coke oven tar 焦炉焦油coking 炼焦coking coal 炼焦用煤coking property 成焦性colchicine 秋水仙碱colcothar 褐红色铁氧化物cold bath 冷浴cold calendering 冷轧光cold cream 冷膏cold crushing strength 低温压碎强度cold drawing 冷拔cold flow 冷流cold lime soda process 冷石灰苏打法cold molding 冷压cold mordanting 冷媒染cold polymerization 冷聚合cold press 冷压cold resistance 冷态电阻cold rubber 冷聚合橡胶cold setting adhesive 冷固胶cold setting glue 冷固胶cold storage 冷藏cold stretch 冷拉伸cold test 冷试验cold vulcanization 冷硫化cold work 冷加工collagen 骨胶原collargol 胶体银collection trap 收集阱collective model 集体模型collector 捕集剂collidine 可力丁colligative properties 依数性collision 碰撞collision distance 碰撞距离collision theory 碰撞理论collodion 火胶collodion cotton 胶棉collodion emulsion 火胶乳液collodion wool 胶棉colloid 胶体colloid chemistry 胶体化学colloid mill 胶体磨colloidal catalyst 胶质催化剂colloidal electrolyte 胶态电解质colloidal fuel 胶态燃料colloidal graphite 胶体石墨colloidal particle 胶粒colloidal silver 胶体银colloidal solution 胶体溶液colloidal state 胶态colloidal structure 胶状结构colloidal substance 胶质colloidal sulphur 胶态硫colloidal system 胶态物系colloidal titration 胶体滴定collotype 珂罗版colloxylin 胶棉colophony 松香color acid 色酸color center 彩色中心color change interval 变色间隔color combination 配色color comparator 比色仪color comparison tube 比色管color coupler 彩色偶合剂color development 彩色显影color disk 色盘color fastness 染色坚牢度color filler 彩色填充剂color filter 滤色片color index 比色指数color matching 配色color material 色材color mill 颜料研磨机color photography 彩色照相color pyrometer 色测高温计color reaction 显色反应color saturation 色饱和度color scale 比色刻度尺color sensation 彩色感觉color sensitizer 彩色感光剂color sensitizing 彩色增感color sensitizing dye 彩色增感染料color separation 彩色分离color stability 彩色稳定性color standard 色标准color tone 色调colorant 着色剂coloration 着色colored glass 有色玻璃colored glaze 色彩釉colored plating 有色镀金colored portland cement 有色波特兰水泥colorimeter 比色计colorimetric analysis 比色分析colorimetric determination 比色法colorimetric titration 比色滴定colorimetry 比色法coloring 着色coloring agent 着色剂coloring matter for food 食用色素coloring metal 着色金属coloring power 着色力columbin 咖伦宾columbium 钶column 塔column chromatography 柱状色谱分离法column development chromatography 柱展开色谱column plate 塔板column still 分馏柱column tower 孔板塔colza oil 菜籽油comb structure 梳状结构combination 化合combination principle 并合原理combined carbon 结合碳combined chlorine content 化合氯量combined sulfur 化合硫combined water 结合水combining weight 化合量combustibility 可燃性combustible 可燃物combustible gas 可燃气体combustion 燃烧combustion analysis 燃烧分析combustion apparatus 燃烧装置combustion boat 燃烧舟combustion chamber 燃烧室combustion efficiency 燃烧效率combustion furnace 燃烧炉combustion gas 燃烧气体combustion heat 燃烧热combustion method 燃烧方法combustion pipet 燃烧球管combustion product 燃烧产物combustion reaction 燃烧反应combustion temperature 燃烧温度combustion test 燃烧试验combustion tube 燃烧管combustion velocity 燃烧速度combustion zone 燃烧区commercial fertilizer 商品肥料common glass 普通玻璃common ion effect 共同离子效应common salt 食盐communicating vessels 连通器commutation relation 交换关系commutative group 可换群commutator 对易子comonomer 共聚用单体comparative method 比较法comparator 比较器comparison liquid 比较液compartment dryer 箱式干燥机compatibility 相容性compensating lead 补偿导线compensation method 补偿法competitive inhibition 竞争性抑制compiler 自动编码器complementary color 互补色complete analysis 完全分析complete combustion 完全燃烧complete differential 恰当微分complete gasification 完全气化complete manure 完全肥料complete saturation 完全饱和complete treatment of nepheline 霞石完全处理complex 络合物complex catalyst 络合催化剂complex chromatography 络合物色谱法complex compound 络合物complex ion 络离子complex number 复数complex radical 复基complex reaction 复合反应complex salt 复盐complex treatment of sea water 海水综合处理complexing agent 络化剂complexometric titration 络合滴定法complexometry 络合滴定法component 组分composite material 复合材料composite particle 复合粒子composite yeast 复合酵母composition 组成compost 堆肥compound 化合物compound fertilizer 复合肥料compound lipid 复合脂质compound microscope 复式显微镜compound protein 复合蛋白compressed air 压缩空气compressed gas 压缩气体compressed petroleum gas 液化石油气体compressed yeast 压缩酵母compressibility 压缩性compressible fluid 可压缩性铃compression 压缩compression ignition 压缩点火compression molding 压缩模compression ratio 压缩率compression set 压缩永久变形compression stroke 压缩行程compressive strength 耐压强度compressor 压缩机compressor oil 压缩机油computed tomography 计算断层照相法computer 电子计算机computer chemistry 计算机化学computer control 计算机控制conalbumin 伴白朊concentrate 浓缩物concentrated acid 浓酸concentrated latex 浓缩胶乳concentrated nitric acid 浓硝酸concentrated solution 浓溶液concentrated sulfuric acid 浓硫酸concentration 浓度;浓缩concentration cell 浓差电池concentration gradient 浓度梯度concentration limit 极限浓度concentration overvoltage 浓差超电势concentration polarization 浓差极化concentration potential 浓差电势concentratometer 浓度计concentrator 浓缩器concrete 混凝土concrete mixer 混凝土机condensate 冷凝物condensation 冷凝condensation chamber 冷凝室condensation curve 冷凝曲线condensation polymerization 缩合聚合condensation product 缩合物condensation reaction 缩合反应condensation resin 缩合尸condensed borate 聚合硼酸盐condensed film 凝聚膜condensed phosphate 多聚磷酸酯condensed ring 稠环condensed water 冷凝水condenser 冷凝器condenser lens 聚光透镜condenser paper 电容平condenser spark 电容火花condensing agent 缩合剂condensing mirror 聚光镜condensing tower 冷凝塔conditionof equilibrium 平衡条件conditional stability constant 条件稳定常数conditioning 第conductance 传导性conductance water 电导水conducting paint 电导性涂料conducting polymer 导电聚合物conduction electron 传导电子conductive rubber 导电橡胶conductivity 传导性conductivity measuring apparatus 电导率测量装置conductivity watrer 电导水conductometer 电导计conductometric analysis 电导分析法conductometric titration 电导滴定法conductor 导体cone 锥cone classifier 锥形分级机cone crusher 锥形压碎机configuration 构型configuration interaction 构型相互酌confining liquid 封闭液confirmation 证实confirmatory reaction 验证反应conformation 构象conformational analysis 构象分析congelation 凝固congestin 海葵毒素conglomerate 砾岩congo red 刚果红congo red test paper 刚果红试纸conhydrine 毒芹羟碱conical ball mill 锥形球磨机conical beaker 锥形瓶conical quartering 锥形四分法coniferol 松柏醇coniferyl alcohol 松柏醇coniine hydrobromide 氢溴酸欧毒芹硷conjugate acid 共轭酸conjugate acid base pair 共轭酸碱偶conjugate addition 共轭加成conjugate base 共轭碱conjugate fiber 双组分纤维conjugate point 共轭点conjugated diene 共轭二烯conjugated double bond 共轭双键conjugated lipid 结合脂质conjugated polyene 共轭聚烯conjugated polymers 共轭聚合物conjugated protein 结合蛋白质conjugated system 共轭系conjugation 共轭conjugation effect 共轭效应consecutive reaction 连锁反应conservative system 保守系consistency 稠度consistometer 稠度计consolute temperature 混溶温度constant 常数constant boiling mixture 恒沸点混合物constant current electrolysis 恒电羚解constant error 固定误差constant moistened sample 恒湿样品constant potential electrolysis 恒电压电解constant pressure gas thermometer 定压气体温度计constant rate drying 恒速干燥constant temperature 定温constant weight 恒重constantan 康铜constituent 构成constitution 结构constitution water 化合水constitutional formula 结构式constitutional isomer 结构异构体constitutive enzyme 组成酶constitutive property 结构性contact acid 接触酸contact action 接触酌contact adhesive 压合式粘合剂contact catalyst 接触催化剂contact corrosion 接触腐蚀contact electricity 接触电contact electrode 接触电极contact filtration 接触过滤contact percolation 接触过滤contact poison 接触毒物contact potential 接触电势contact print 接触印刷contact process 接触法contact reactor 接触反应器contact resin 触压尸contact surface 接触表面contact thermometer 接触式温度计contact time 接触时间contact twin 接触双晶contamination 沾污content 含量content of starch 淀粉含量continuity 连续性continuous centrifuge 连续离心机continuous distillation 连续蒸馏continuous flow conveyor 连续了输机continuous ion exchange operation 连续离子交换操作continuous molding 连续成形continuous operation 连续操作continuous phase 连续相continuous polymerization 连续聚合continuous process 连续法continuous rectification 连续精馏continuous spectrum 连续光谱continuous variation method 连续变化法continuous x rays 连续x 射线contraction 收缩contrast developer 对照显影剂contrast test 对比试验control 控制control equipment 控制设备control test 对照试验controller 控制器convection 对流convection tube 对淋convection zone 对零convergence pressure 会聚压力convergent lens 会聚透镜conversion 转化conversion factor 换算因数converter 转炉conveyor 输送机cooler 冷却器cooling 冷却cooling action 冷却酌cooling bath 冷却浴cooling curve 冷却曲线cooling medium 冷却介质cooling pipe 冷却管cooling pond 冷却池cooling roll 冷却辊cooling surface 冷却面cooling test 冷却试验cooling tower 冷却塔cooling water 冷却水cooperative phenomenon 合字象coordinate bond 配位键coordinated water 配位水coordination 配位coordination chemistry 配位化学coordination compound 配位化合物coordination formula 配价式coordination isomer 配位异构物coordination isomerism 配位异构coordination lattice 配位晶格coordination number 配位数coordination polymer 配位高聚物coordination theory 配位理论cop dyeing 管纱染色copaiba balsam 苦配巴香膏copal 骨湃脂copal oil 骨湃油copal varnish 骨湃脂清漆copel 考佩尔铜镍合金copolyamide 共缩聚酰胺copolycondensation 共缩聚copolyester 共聚多酯copolymer 共聚物copolymerization 共聚合copolymerized oil 共聚油copper 铜copper acetate 醋酸铜copper acetylide 乙炔亚铜copper arsenite 亚砷酸铜copper chloride 氯化铜copper cyanide 氰化铜copper dish method 铜皿法copper formate 甲酸铜copper glance 辉铜矿copper hydroxide 氢氧化铜copper nitrate 硝酸铜copper number 铜值copper oxide 氧化铜copper plating 镀铜copper powder 铜粉copper stencil printing 铜版印花copper sulfate 硫酸铜copper sweetening 铜脱硫法copra 干椰子核coprecipitation 共沉淀coprecipitation method 共沉淀法copro yeast 粪甾酵母coprosterol 粪甾醇copy printing 复写印染coramine 可拉明可地阿明cordierite porcelain 堇青石瓷cordite 柯达无烟药core binder 型心粘合剂cork 软木cork acid 辛二酸cork borer 木塞穿孔器cork plate 软木板cork stopper 软木塞corn oil 玉米油corn starch 玉米淀粉corona treatment 电晕处理coronary vasodilator 冠血管扩张药corpus luteum hormone 黄体激素corpuscle 微粒corrected retention volume 校正保留体积correction 修正correction value 改正值correlation analysis 相关分析correlation coefficient 相关系数correspondence principle 对应原理corresponding state 对应状态corrodent 腐蚀剂corroding agent 腐蚀剂corrosion 腐蚀corrosion fatigue 腐蚀疲劳corrosion inhibitor 腐蚀阻抑剂corrosion resistance 耐蚀性corrosion test 腐蚀试验corrosive sublimate 升汞corrosive wear 腐蚀损耗corrosiveness 腐蚀性cortine 皮质素cortisone 皮质酮corundum 刚玉cosmetic 化妆品cosmetic industry 化妆品工业cosmic rays 宇宙线cosmochemistry 宇宙化学cosmochronology 宇宙年代学cotton 棉花cotton cellulose 棉纤维素cotton effect 科顿效应cotton fiber 棉纤维cotton flock 棉屑cotton linter 棉籽绒cotton spinning 棉纺纱cottonseed oil 棉籽油cottrell precipitator 科特雷耳静电除尘器coulomb 库仑coulomb barrier 库仑位垒coulometer 电量计coulometric analysis 电量分析coulometry 电量分析coulostatic analysis 静电分析coumarane 香豆满coumarin 香豆素coumarone 库玛隆coumarone indene resin 苯并呋喃茚尸coumarone resin 苯并呋喃尸counter 计数管counter ion 抗衡离子countercurrent 逆流countercurrent cascade 逆炼联countercurrent condenser 逆龄凝器countercurrent cooler 逆龄却器countercurrent distribution 逆林布countercurrent extraction 逆灵提countercurrent heat exchanger 逆粱热器countercurrent leaching 逆窿提counterflow 逆流couple of forces 力偶coupling 耦合coupling constant 耦合常数coupling development 彩色显影coupling dye 偶合染料coupling reaction 偶联反应covalence 共价covalent bond 共价键covalent crystal 共价晶体covalent radius 共价键半径cover glass 复盖玻璃covering power 遮盖力cozymase 辅酶cracked 裂化的cracked gas 裂化气cracked gasoline 裂化汽油cracked residue 裂化渣油cracking 裂开cracking coil 裂化蛇形管cracking process 裂化法cracking still 裂化炉crazing 裂开cream 乳油cream of tartar 酒石酸氢钾creatine 肌酸creatinine 肌酸酐creep 蠕变creosol 甲氧甲酚creosote 杂酚creosote oil 杂酚油cresol 甲酚cresol red 甲酚红cresol resin 甲酚尸cresylate 甲酚盐cresylic acid 甲苯基酸critical condensation temperature 临界冷凝温度critical constant 临界常数critical exponent 临界指数critical mass 临界质量critical micelle concentration cmc 临界胶束浓度critical moisture content 临界含湿量critical phenomenon 临界现象critical point 临界点critical pressure 临界压力。
reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant 反应物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收unconverted reactant未转化的反应物chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization结晶drying干燥screening筛选，浮选chemical reaction化学反应cracking of petroleum石油裂解catalyst催化剂，reaction zone反应区conservation of mass and energy能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应 separation 分离heat exchange 热交换reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料，原料product 产物，产品percent conversion百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoline汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品，特种化学品batch间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor 微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成. commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器，探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap 收集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数，因子，系数，比例viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁furnace 火炉，燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux（通量，流通量）of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流，涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波fused quartz 熔化的石英reflect 反射，inflection:折射matte无光泽的，无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相际间质量传递rate of diffusion扩散速率acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of 在…附近，靠近..,大约…，在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance 阻力，阻止boundary layer 边界层Fick’s Law 费克定律is proportional to 与…成比例concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔 installation 装置 feed 进料bottom 底部，塔底solvent 溶剂top 顶部，塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统ratio of A to B A与B的比值with the result that：由于的缘故，鉴于的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基础tower shell 塔体packing material 填料 pump 泵blower 风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用power 动力circulating gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam蒸汽regenerate再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 补充溶剂 optimum 最优的unabsorbed component未吸收组分 purity纯度volatility挥发性vapor pressure蒸汽压liquid mixture 液体混合物condense凝缩，冷凝binary distillation双组分精馏multi-component distillation多组分精馏stage-type distillation column级板式精馏塔mount 安装，固定conduit导流管）,downcomer 降液管gravity重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板reboiler再沸器 vaporization汽化condensate冷凝液，凝缩液overhead vapor塔顶汽体condenser冷凝器i feed tray进料板base塔底，基础bottoms product塔底产品condensation冷凝stripping section汽提段,提馏段distillate section精馏段total condense全凝器distillate product塔顶馏出产品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution溶液fractional crystallization分步结晶solubility，溶解度，溶解性soluble可溶解的 solvent溶剂employ采纳，利用miscible可混合的，可溶的，可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离）liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的paraffin石蜡，链烷烃lubricating oil润滑油decompose分解，离解，还原，腐烂penicillin青霉素streptomycin（链霉素）precipitation沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol乙醇)extract萃取液heat requirement热负荷solute溶质extract phase萃取相baffle-plate折流挡板，缓冲挡板settling tank沉降槽centrifuge离心.离心机，离心分离emulsifying agent乳化剂density difference密度差raffinate萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material过程物料(相对最终产品而言的）organic有机的，有机物的benzene苯humidity湿度moisture content湿含量drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content临界湿湿含量falling-rate降速concave （凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面）approximate to：接近，趋近straight line：直线constant-rate drying period恒速干燥阶段convection drying对流干燥drying gas干燥气体falling-rate period降速干燥阶段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空干燥discolor变色，脱色sublime升华freeze drying冷冻干燥adiabatic绝热的，不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to：与----垂直counter-current逆流per unit area单位面积water-cooling tower水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：显热）water droplet水珠，水滴quantitative relation定量关系thermal diffusion热扩散at right angles to 与…成直角，与…垂直by virtue of 由于，根据，凭借于molecular transfer分子传递balance 抵消，平衡drag forces曳力a function of …的函数of the same order具有同一数量级eddy diffusion涡流扩散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与…成反比Reynolds number雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow充分发展湍流coefficient系数In principle从原理而言exothermic（放热的，endothermic吸热的,adiabatic绝热的）triple bond三健，三价nitrogen oxides氮氧化物compound化合物conversion转化，转化率protein蛋白质compress压缩reaction yield反应产率reaction speed反应速度one-pass（单程）reactor energy input能量输入maximum最大的near toequilibrium接近平衡output产出，输出，产量fertilizer化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate硝酸铵ammonium phosphate磷酸铵ammonium sulfate硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氢铵ash纯碱pyridine砒啶polymers聚合物nylon尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂via经，由，通过，借助于hydrogen cyanide氰化氢nitric acid硝酸bulk explosive集装炸药crude oil原油natural gas天然气bitumen沥青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage渗出物asphalt沥青oil drilling采油gasoline汽油paint涂料plastic塑料synthetic rubber合成橡胶fiber纤维soap肥皂cleansing agent清洗剂wax石蜡explosive炸药oil shale油页岩deposit沉积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock沉积岩sandstone砂岩siltstone泥岩tar sand沥青石chain-shaped链状的methane甲烷paraffin石蜡，烷烃ring-shaped（环状的）hydrocarbon naphthene环烷烃naphtha石脑油tarry柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphaltene沥青油impurity杂质pollutant 污染物combustion燃烧capillarity毛细现象，毛细管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel桶(国际原油计量单位)tanker油轮 kerosene煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming重整cracking裂化octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值branched-chain（带支链的）materials science材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior. （机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）Amalgam 汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉solid state physics固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学，冶金术magnet 磁铁，有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的,非晶型的,非结晶的,玻璃状的;无一定目的的,乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model水力学模型two-phase flow两相流dispersion model分散模型toxic有毒的release释放，排放probability of failure失效概率accident prevention事故预防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe防护鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention损失预防hazard identification 危害辩识，technical evaluation技术评估safety management support安全管理基础知识safety experience安全经验technical competence技术能力safety knowledge安全知识design engineer设计师cost engineer造价师process engineering过程工程plant layout工厂布局general service facilities公用工程plant location工厂选址close teamwork紧密的团队协作specialized group专业组storage仓库waste disposal废物处理terminology术语，词汇accountant会计师，会计，出纳final-proposal决议tangible return有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control（过程控制）first-principles基本原理，基本规则regression model回归模型.operating condition操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity强度，程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification模式识别neural network神经网络a priori：先验的,既定的,不根据经验的,由原因推出结果的,演绎的,直觉的process data historian：过程数据历史编撰师qualitative定性的quantitative precision定量的精确high-fidelity高保真的computationally intensive计算量大的mathematical expression steady-state model稳态模型bioengineering生物工程artificial人工的hearing aid助听器 artificial limb假肢supportive or substitute organ辅助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科学家agricultural engineer农艺师fermentation发酵civil engineer土木工程师sanitation卫生physiologists生理学criteria 指标human medicine人体医学medical electronics医疗电子medical instrumentation医疗器械blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学prosthetics假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon外科医生replacement organ器官移植physiologist生理学家counterpart对应物，配对物psychology心理学self-taught自学barrier障碍物medical engineering医学工程，医疗工程health care保健diagnostic application of computers计算机诊断agricultural engineering农业工程biological production生物制品生产bionics（仿生学）human-factors engineering人类与环境工程environmental health engineering环境健康工程environmentally benign processing环境友好加工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化学品styrene苯乙烯ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生产协会as a whole整体而言emission释放物，排放物voluntary自愿的，无偿的，义务的；有意的，随意的；民办的in the absence of无---存在deactivate失活bulk chemical 大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精细化工Pharmaceutical制药segment段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；分割，切断tonnage吨位，吨数，吨产量inorganic salt无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate论证，证明，证实；说明，表明，显示forefront最前线，最前沿Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸anhydrous无水的phaseout消除HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation催化氧化governmental regulation政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate药物中间体stereoselective立体选择性的ketone酮functional group官能团detrimental有害的chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳 straightforward简单明了的coordinating ligand配合体，向心配合体kilogram千克thermal stability热稳定性devastate破坏，蹂躏outline描绘，勾勒membrane technology膜技术production line生产线dairy牛奶water purification水净化ifetime寿命membrane module膜组件durability 耐久性，寿命，使用期限，强度chemical additive添加剂end-of-pipe solution 最终方案closed system封闭系统substitute取代，替代technical challenge技术挑战，技术困难wastewater treatment污水处理fouling污垢，发泡surface treatment表面处理applied Chemistry应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的refix前缀alkane烷烃family族carbon skeleton碳骨架chain链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根suffix后缀constitute取代物，取代基homologous series同系物branched chain支链烷烃parent母链，主链derivative衍生物substituent取代基locant位次，位标replicating prefix重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography气相色谱与液相色谱analytical chemistry分析化学moving gas stream移动的气流heats of solution and vaporization溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient活度系数counteract抵消milliliter毫升essential oil香精油test mixture测试混合物sample样品helium氦argon氩carrier载体injection注射stationary nonvolatile phase静止的不挥发相detector检测器fraction collector馏分收集器columnar liquid chromatography柱状液相色谱仪retention volume保留体积retention times保留时间high-performance高性能mobile phase移动相high-efficiency高效的analyte分析物plane chromatography薄层色谱capillary action毛细管作用assay分析化验fluorescence 荧光色，荧光retardation factor保留因子，延迟因子。
第一单元什么是高聚物？什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。
与低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5，而高聚物的分子量高于105，甚至大于106。
这些大分子或“高分子〞由许多小分子组成。
小分子互相结合形成大分子，大分子可以是一种或多种化合物。
举例说明，想象一组大小一样并由一样的材料制成的环。
当这些环互相连接起来，可以把形成的链看成是具有同种分子量化合物组成的高聚物。
另一方面，独特的环可以大小不同、材料不同，相连接后形成具有不同分子量化合物组成的聚合物。
许多单元相连接给予了聚合物一个名称，poly意味着“多、聚、重复〞，mer意味着“链节、基体〞〔希腊语中〕。
例如：称为丁二烯的气态化合物，分子量为54，化合将近4000次，得到分子量大约为200000被称作聚丁二烯〔合成橡胶〕的高聚物。
形成高聚物的低分子化合物称为单体。
下面简单地描绘一下形成过程：丁二烯＋丁二烯＋…＋丁二烯——→聚丁二烯〔4000次〕因此可以看到分子量仅为54的小分子物质〔单体〕如何逐渐形成分子量为200000的大分子〔高聚物〕。
本质上，正是由于聚合物的宏大的分子尺寸才使其性能不同于象苯这样的一般化合物。
例如，固态苯，在5.5℃熔融成液态苯，进一步加热，煮沸成气态苯。
与这类简单化合物明确的行为相比，像聚乙烯这样的聚合物不能在某一特定的温度快速地熔融成纯洁的液体。
而聚合物变得越来越软，最终，变成非常粘稠的聚合物熔融体。
将这种热而粘稠的聚合物熔融体进一步加热，不会转变成各种气体，但它不再是聚乙烯〔如图1.1〕。
固态苯——→液态苯——→气态苯加热，5.5℃加热，80℃固体聚乙烯——→熔化的聚乙烯——→各种分解产物-但不是聚乙烯加热加热图1.1 低分子量化合物〔苯〕和聚合物〔聚乙烯〕受热后的不同行为发现另一种不同的聚合物行为和低分子量化合物行为是关于溶解过程。
例如，让我们研究一下，将氯化钠渐渐地添加到固定量的水中。
化工专业英语词汇reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant 反应物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收unconverted reactant未转化的反应物chemical reactortransfer of heat,evaporation,crystallization结晶drying干燥screening筛选，浮选chemical reaction化学反应cracking of petroleum石油裂解catalyst催化剂，reaction zone反应区conservation of mass and energy能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应separation 分离heat exchange 热交换reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料，原料product 产物，产品percent conversion百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoline汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品，特种化学品batch间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor 微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成.commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器，探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap 收集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数，因子，系数，比例viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁furnace 火炉，燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux（通量，流通量）of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流，涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波fused quartz 熔化的石英reflect 反射，inflection:折射matte无光泽的，无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相际间质量传递rate of diffusion扩散速率acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of 在…附近，靠近..,大约…，在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance 阻力，阻止boundary layer 边界层Fick’s Law费克定律is proportional to 与…成比例concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 装置feed 进料bottom 底部，塔底solvent 溶剂top 顶部，塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统ratio of A to B A与B的比值with the result that：由于的缘故，鉴于的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基础tower shell 塔体packing material 填料pump 泵blower 风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用power 动力circulating gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam蒸汽regenerate再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 补充溶剂optimum 最优的unabsorbed component未吸收组分purity纯度volatility挥发性vapor pressure蒸汽压liquid mixture 液体混合物condense凝缩，冷凝binary distillation双组分精馏multi-component distillation多组分精馏stage-type distillation column级板式精馏塔mount 安装，固定conduit导流管）,downcomer 降液管gravity重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板reboiler再沸器vaporization汽化condensate冷凝液，凝缩液overhead vapor塔顶汽体condenser冷凝器ifeed tray进料板base塔底，基础bottoms product塔底产品condensation冷凝stripping section汽提段,提馏段distillate section精馏段total condense全凝器distillate product塔顶馏出产品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution溶液fractional crystallization分步结晶solubility，溶解度，溶解性soluble可溶解的solvent溶剂employ采纳，利用miscible可混合的，可溶的，可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离）liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的paraffin石蜡，链烷烃lubricating oil润滑油decompose分解，离解，还原，腐烂penicillin青霉素streptomycin（链霉素）precipitation沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol乙醇)extract萃取液heat requirement热负荷solute溶质extract phase萃取相baffle-plate折流挡板，缓冲挡板settling tank沉降槽centrifuge离心.离心机，离心分离emulsifying agent乳化剂density difference密度差raffinate萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material过程物料(相对最终产品而言的） organic有机的，有机物的benzene苯humidity湿度moisture content湿含量drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content临界湿湿含量falling-rate降速concave （凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面）approximate to：接近，趋近straight line：直线constant-rate drying period恒速干燥阶段convection drying对流干燥drying gas干燥气体falling-rate period降速干燥阶段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空干燥discolor变色，脱色sublime升华freeze drying冷冻干燥adiabatic绝热的，不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to：与----垂直counter-current逆流per unit area单位面积water-cooling tower水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：显热）water droplet水珠，水滴quantitative relation定量关系thermal diffusion热扩散at right angles to 与…成直角，与…垂直by virtue of 由于，根据，凭借于molecular transfer分子传递balance 抵消，平衡drag forces曳力a function of …的函数of the same order具有同一数量级eddy diffusion涡流扩散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与…成反比Reynolds number雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow充分发展湍流coefficient系数In principle从原理而言exothermic（放热的，endothermic吸热的,adiabatic绝热的）triple bond三健，三价nitrogen oxides氮氧化物compound化合物conversion转化，转化率protein蛋白质compress压缩reaction yield反应产率reaction speed反应速度one-pass（单程） reactorenergy input能量输入maximum最大的near toequilibrium接近平衡output产出，输出，产量fertilizer化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate硝酸铵ammonium phosphate磷酸铵ammonium sulfate硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氢铵 ash纯碱pyridine砒啶polymers聚合物nylon尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂via经，由，通过，借助于hydrogen cyanide氰化氢nitric acid硝酸bulk explosive集装炸药crude oil原油natural gas天然气bitumen沥青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage渗出物asphalt沥青oil drilling采油gasoline汽油paint涂料plastic塑料synthetic rubber合成橡胶fiber纤维soap肥皂cleansing agent清洗剂wax石蜡explosive炸药oil shale油页岩deposit沉积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock沉积岩sandstone砂岩siltstone泥岩tar sand沥青石chain-shaped链状的methane甲烷paraffin石蜡，烷烃ring-shaped（环状的）hydrocarbon naphthene环烷烃naphtha石脑油tarry柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphaltene沥青油impurity杂质pollutant 污染物combustion燃烧capillarity毛细现象，毛细管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel桶(国际原油计量单位)tanker油轮kerosene煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming重整cracking裂化octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值branched-chain（带支链的）materials science材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior. （机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）Amalgam 汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉solid state physics固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学，冶金术magnet 磁铁，有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的，非晶型的，非结晶的，玻璃状的；无一定目的的，乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model水力学模型two-phase flow两相流dispersion model分散模型toxic有毒的release释放，排放probability of failure失效概率accident prevention事故预防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe防护鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention损失预防hazard identification 危害辩识，technical evaluation技术评估safety management support安全管理基础知识safety experience安全经验technical competence技术能力safety knowledge安全知识design engineer设计师cost engineer造价师process engineering过程工程plant layout工厂布局general service facilities公用工程plant location工厂选址close teamwork紧密的团队协作specialized group专业组storage仓库waste disposal废物处理terminology术语，词汇accountant会计师，会计，出纳final-proposal决议tangible return有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control（过程控制）first-principles基本原理，基本规则regression model回归模型.operating condition操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity强度，程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification模式识别neural network神经网络a priori：先验的，既定的，不根据经验的，由原因推出结果的，演绎的，直觉的process data historian：过程数据历史编撰师qualitative定性的quantitative precision定量的精确high-fidelity高保真的computationally intensive计算量大的mathematical expressionsteady-state model稳态模型bioengineering生物工程artificial人工的hearing aid助听器artificial limb假肢supportive or substitute organ辅助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科学家agricultural engineer农艺师fermentation发酵civil engineer土木工程师sanitation卫生physiologists生理学criteria 指标human medicine人体医学medical electronics医疗电子medical instrumentation医疗器械blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学prosthetics假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon外科医生replacement organ器官移植physiologist生理学家counterpart对应物，配对物psychology心理学self-taught自学barrier障碍物medical engineering医学工程，医疗工程health care保健diagnostic application of computers计算机诊断agricultural engineering农业工程biological production生物制品生产bionics（仿生学）human-factors engineering人类与环境工程environmental health engineering环境健康工程environmentally benign processing环境友好加工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化学品styrene苯乙烯ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生产协会as a whole整体而言emission释放物，排放物voluntary自愿的，无偿的，义务的；有意的，随意的；民办的in the absence of无---存在deactivate失活bulk chemical 大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精细化工Pharmaceutical制药segment段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；分割，切断tonnage吨位，吨数，吨产量inorganic salt无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate论证，证明，证实；说明，表明，显示forefront最前线，最前沿Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸anhydrous无水的phaseout消除HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation催化氧化governmental regulation政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate药物中间体stereoselective立体选择性的ketone酮functional group官能团detrimental有害的chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳straightforward简单明了的coordinating ligand配合体，向心配合体kilogram千克thermal stability热稳定性devastate破坏，蹂躏outline描绘，勾勒membrane technology膜技术production line生产线dairy牛奶water purification水净化lifetime寿命membrane module膜组件durability 耐久性，寿命，使用期限，强度chemical additive添加剂end-of-pipe solution 最终方案closed system封闭系统substitute取代，替代technical challenge技术挑战，技术困难wastewater treatment污水处理fouling污垢，发泡surface treatment表面处理applied Chemistry应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的prefix前缀alkane烷烃family族carbon skeleton碳骨架chain链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根suffix后缀constitute取代物，取代基homologous series同系物branched chain支链烷烃parent母链，主链derivative衍生物substituent取代基locant位次，位标replicating prefix重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography气相色谱与液相色谱analytical chemistry分析化学moving gas stream移动的气流heats of solution and vaporization溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient活度系数counteract抵消milliliter毫升essential oil香精油test mixture测试混合物sample样品helium氦argon氩carrier载体injection注射stationary nonvolatile phase静止的不挥发相detector检测器fraction collector馏分收集器columnar liquid chromatography柱状液相色谱仪retention volume保留体积retention times保留时间high-performance高性能mobile phase移动相high-efficiency高效的analyte分析物plane chromatography薄层色谱capillary action毛细管作用assay分析化验fluorescence 荧光色，荧光retardation factor保留因子，延迟因子。
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译1. 引言化学及化工是一门广泛应用于工业和实验室领域的学科。
在现代化工生产和科学研究中，掌握化学及化工专业词汇的英语翻译十分重要。
本文将介绍一些常见的化学及化工专业词汇的英语翻译，以帮助读者更好地理解和使用这些术语。
2. 基本概念2.1 化学（Chemistry）化学是研究物质的组成、性质、结构以及变化规律的科学。
在化学中，我们经常遇到以下术语的翻译：•原子（Atom）•分子（Molecule）•化学反应（Chemical reaction）•元素（Element）•化合物（Compound）•氧化还原反应（Redox reaction）2.2 化工（Chemical Engineering）化工是将化学原理和工程技术相结合，进行化学过程的设计、操作和优化的学科。
以下术语是常见的化工专业词汇的英语翻译：•反应器（Reactor）•分离器（Separator）•蒸馏（Distillation）•吸附（Adsorption）•传热（Heat transfer）•流体力学（Fluid mechanics）3. 实验室常用词汇3.1 仪器设备在化学及化工实验室中，我们常常使用各种仪器设备来进行实验研究。
以下是一些常见仪器设备的英语翻译：•高效液相色谱仪（High PerformanceLiquid Chromatography，HPLC）•气相色谱仪（Gas Chromatography，GC）•紫外可见分光光度计（UV-VisibleSpectrophotometer）•示波器（Oscilloscope）•离心机（Centrifuge）•平衡（Balance）3.2 实验操作在进行化学及化工实验时，有许多常用的操作和技术。
以下术语是这些实验操作的英语翻译：•加热（Heating）•冷却（Cooling）•搅拌（Stirring）•过滤（Filtration）•离心（Centrifugation）•溶解（Dissolution）4. 化学品及材料化学及化工行业离不开各种化学品及材料的应用。
reaction kinetics 反响动力学reactant 反响物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收unconverted reactant 未转变的反响物chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization结晶drying 干燥screening 挑选，浮选chemical reaction 化学反响cracking of petroleum 石油裂解catalyst 催化剂，reaction zone 反响区conservation of mass and energy能量与质量守衡定律 technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement效率提升reaction 反响 separation 分别heat exchange 热互换reactive distillation 反响精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 花费，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reaction byproduct 反响副产物equilibrium constant 均衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料，原料product 产物，产品percent conversion 百分比转变率ether 乙醚gasoline 汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反响物inert 惰性物，不参加反响的物质reactive distillation 反响精馏energy saving 节俭能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity 气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 汲取；absorption ：吸附specialty chemical 特别化学品，特种化学品batch 间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor 微型反响器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反响ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反响phosgene synthesis光气合成 . commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器，探头separation of solids 固体分别suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap 采集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数，因子，系数，比率viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐化性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度散布packing characteristics填补性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预办理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导化工专业英语词汇motion of unbound electrons 自由子的运electrical conductivity 性thermal conductivity 性poor conductor of electricity 不良体transport of momentum 量the random motion of molecules 分子无运brick wall 壁furnace 火炉，燃器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpymacroscopic phenomenon 宏象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux（通量，流通量）of enthalpy 通量eddy 尾流，流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然流和制流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 磁波fused quartz 融化的石英reflect 反射，inflection: 折射matte 无光的，无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相量rate of diffusion 散速率acetone 丙dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气 -水混淆物physical process物理程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氧化actualrate of absorption 汲取速率two-film theory双膜理concentration difference 度差in the vicinity of 在⋯邻近，凑近 ..,大⋯，在⋯左右molecular diffusion 分子散laminar sub-layer 流底resistance 阻力，阻挡boundary layer 界Fick’s Law克定律化工专业英语词汇is proportional to 与⋯成比率concentration gradient 度梯度plate tower 板式塔 installation 装置 feed 料bottom 底部，塔底solvent 溶top 部，塔partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 平分子反向散ideal system 理想系ratio of A to B A 与 B 的比with the result that ：因为的故，于的果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 淋室maintenance expense修foundation 基tower shell 塔体packing material 填料 pumpblower 机accessory heater隶属加器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger器solvent-recovery system溶回收系operating cost 操作用power 力circulating gas 循气labor 力steam 蒸汽regenerate 重生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 充溶 optimum 最的unabsorbed component 未汲取分 purity 度volatility 性vapor pressure 蒸汽liquid mixture 液体混淆物condense 凝，冷凝binary distillation 双分精multi-component distillation 多分精stage-type distillation column 板式精塔mount 安装，固定conduit 流管） ,downcomer 降液管gravity 重力weir 溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device 汽液接触装置valve tray 浮塔板化工专业英语词汇reboiler 再沸器 vaporization 汽化condensate 冷凝液，凝缩液overhead vapor 塔顶汽体condenser 冷凝器i feed tray 进料板base 塔底，基础bottoms product 塔底产品condensation 冷凝stripping section 汽提段 ,提馏段distillate section 精馏段total condense 全凝器distillate product 塔顶馏出产品reflux 回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学均衡solution 溶液fractional crystallization 分步结晶solubility ，溶解度，溶解性soluble 可溶解的 solvent 溶剂employ 采用，利用miscible 可混淆的，可溶的，可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分别）liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芬芳烃的paraffin 白腊，链烷烃lubricating oil 润滑油decompose 分解，离解，复原，腐化penicillin 青霉素streptomycin（链霉素）precipitation 积淀，沉析ethyl alcohol 乙醇 )extract 萃取液heat requirement 热负荷solute 溶质extract phase 萃取相baffle-plate 折流挡板，缓冲挡板settling tank 沉降槽centrifuge 离心 .离心计，离心分别emulsifying agent 乳化剂density difference 密度差raffinate 萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material 过程物料 (相对最后产品而言的）organic 有机的，有机物的benzene 苯humidity 湿度moisture content 湿含量drying rate 干燥速率化工专业英语词汇critical moisture content 界湿湿含量falling-rate 降速concave（凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面）approximate to：凑近，近straight line：直constant-rate drying period 恒速干燥段convection drying 流干燥drying gas干燥气体falling-rate period 降速干燥段mean value 均匀vacuum drying 真空干燥discolor 色，脱色sublime 升freeze drying 冷干燥adiabatic 的，不的pressure gradientperpendicular to ：与 ----垂直counter-current 逆流per unit area 位面water-cooling tower 水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：）water droplet 水珠，水滴quantitative relation 定量关系thermal diffusion 散at right angles to 与⋯成直角，与⋯垂直by virtue of 因为，依据，依靠于molecular transfer 分子balance 抵消，均衡drag forces 曳力a function of⋯的函数of the same order 拥有同一数目eddy diffusion 流散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与⋯成反比Reynolds number雷准数fully developed turbulent flow 充足展湍流coefficient 系数In principle 从原理而言exothermic（放的， endothermic 吸的 ,adiabatic 的）triple bond 三健，三价nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物compound 化合物conversion 化，化率protein 蛋白compressreaction yield 反率reaction speed 反速度one-pass（程）reactor energy input 能量输入maximum 最大的near toequilibrium 凑近均衡output 产出，输出，产量fertilizer 化肥urea 尿素ammonium nitrate 硝酸铵ammonium phosphate 磷酸铵ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate 磷酸二氢铵ash 纯碱pyridine 砒啶polymers 聚合物nylon 尼龙acrylics 丙烯酸树脂via 经，由，经过，借助于hydrogen cyanide 氰化氢nitric acid 硝酸bulk explosive 集装炸药crude oil 原油natural gas 天然气bitumen 沥青fossil fuel 化石燃料seepage溢出物asphalt 沥青oil drilling 采油gasoline 汽油paint 涂料plastic 塑料synthetic rubber 合成橡胶fiber 纤维soap 肥皂cleansing agent冲洗剂wax 白腊explosive 炸药oil shale 油页岩deposit 堆积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock 堆积岩sandstone 砂岩siltstone 泥岩tar sand 沥青石chain-shaped 链状的methane 甲烷paraffin 白腊，烷烃ring-shaped（环状的）hydrocarbon naphthene 环烷烃naphtha 石脑油tarry 柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphaltene 沥青油impurity 杂质pollutant 污染物combustion 焚烧capillarity 毛细现象，毛细管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel 桶 (国际原油计量单位 )tanker 油轮 kerosene 煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming 重整cracking 裂化octane number of gasoline 汽油辛烷值branched-chain（带支链的）materials science资料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior（.机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）Amalgam 汞齐，水银；混淆物，交错solid state physics固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学，冶金术magnet 磁铁，有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 构造钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息办理nuclear power 核能energy conversion能量转变internal structure 内部构造defect structure 构造缺点crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 积淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的 ,非晶型的 ,非结晶的 ,玻璃状的 ;无必定目的的 ,乌七八糟chemical process safety化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇怪化学hydrodynamic model 水力学模型two-phase flow 两相流dispersion model 分别模型toxic 有毒的release 开释，排放probability of failure 无效概率accident prevention 事故预防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe防备鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention 损失预防hazard identification 危害辩识，technical evaluation 技术评估safety management support 安全管理基础知识safety experience安全经验technical competence 技术能力safety knowledge 安全知识design engineer 设计师cost engineer 造价师process engineering过程工程plant layout 工厂布局general service facilities公用工程plant location 工厂选址close teamwork 密切的团队协作specialized group专业组storage 库房waste disposal废物办理terminology 术语，词汇accountant 会计师，会计，出纳final-proposal 决策tangible return 有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control（过程控制）first-principles 基来源理，基本规则regression model 回归模型 .operating condition 操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique 非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity 强度，程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification 模式辨别neural network 神经网络a priori ：先验的 ,既定的 ,不依据经验的 ,由原由推出结果的 ,演绎的 ,直觉的process data historian：过程数据历史编撰师qualitative 定性的quantitative precision 定量的精准high-fidelity 高保真的computationally intensive 计算量大的mathematical expression steady-state model稳态模型 bioengineering 生物工程artificial 人工的hearing aid 助听器 artificial limb 假肢supportive or substitute organ 协助或代替器官biosynthesis 生物合成life scientist 生命科学家agricultural engineer 农艺师fermentation 发酵civil engineer 土木匠程师sanitation 卫生physiologists 生理学criteria 指标human medicine 人体医学medical electronics 医疗电子medical instrumentation 医疗器材blood-flow dynamics 血液流动动力学prosthetics 假肢器官学biomechanics 生物力学surgeon 外科医生replacement organ 器官移植physiologist 生理学家counterpart 对应物，配对物psychology 心理学self-taught 自学barrier 阻碍物medical engineering 医学工程，医疗工程health care 保健diagnostic application of computers 计算机诊疗agricultural engineering 农业工程biological production 生物制品生产bionics（仿生学）human-factors engineering 人类与环境工程environmental health engineering 环境健康工程environmentally benign processing环境友善加工commodity or specialty 通用商品或特别化学品styrene 苯乙烯ibuprofen 异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生产协会 as a whole 整体而言emission 开释物，排放物voluntary 自发的，无偿的，义务的；存心的，任意的；民办的in the absence of 无 ---存在deactivate 失活bulk chemical 大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精美化工Pharmaceutical 制药segment 段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；切割，切断tonnage 吨位，吨数，吨产量inorganic salt 无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate 论证，证明，证明；说明，表示，显示forefront 最前线，最前沿Lewis acid不行重生的路易斯酸anhydrous 无水的phaseout 除去HF alkylation 氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation 催化氧化governmental regulation 政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate 药物中间体stereoselective 立体选择性的ketone 酮functional group 官能团detrimental 有害的chlorofluorocarbon 二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳 straightforward 简单了然的coordinating ligand 配合体，向心配合体kilogram 千克thermal stability 热稳固性devastate 损坏，践踏outline 描述，勾画membrane technology 膜技术production line 生产线dairy 牛奶water purification 水净化ifetime 寿命membrane module 膜组件durability 持久性，寿命，使用限期，强度chemical additive 增添剂end-of-pipe solution 最后方案closed system关闭系统substitute 代替，代替technical challenge技术挑战，技术困难wastewater treatment 污水办理fouling 污垢，发泡surface treatment 表面办理applied Chemistry 应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound 化学化合物的命名法 descriptive 描述性的refix 前缀alkane 烷烃family 族carbon skeleton 碳骨架chain 链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或许希腊词根suffix 后缀constitute 代替物，代替基homologous series同系物11 / 1211 / 12branched chain 支链烷烃parent 母链，主链derivative 衍生物substituent 代替基locant 位次，位标replicating prefix 重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography气相色谱与液相色谱 analytical chemistry 剖析化学moving gas stream挪动的气流heats of solution and vaporization 溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient 活度系数counteract 抵消milliliter 毫升essential oil 香精油test mixture 测试混淆物sample 样品helium 氦argon 氩carrier 载体injection 注射stationary nonvolatile phase 静止的不挥发相detector 检测器fraction collector 馏分采集器columnar liquid chromatography 柱状液相色谱仪retention volume 保存体积retention times 保存时间high-performance 高性能mobile phase 挪动相high-efficiency 高效的analyte 剖析物plane chromatography 薄层色谱capillary action 毛细管作用assay剖析化验fluorescence 荧光色，荧光retardation factor 保存因子，延缓因子12 / 1212 / 12。
Unit 4 Reaction EngineeringLesson 12 Reactor Types1. Stirred tank reactorA batch stirred tank reactor is the simplest type of reactor.It is composed of a reactor and a mixer such as a stirrer, a turbine wing or a propeller. The batch stirred tank reactor is illustrated below:This reactor is useful for substrate solutions of high viscosity and for immobilized enzymes with relatively low activity. However, a problem that arises is that an immobilized enzyme tends to decompose upon physical stirring. The batch system is generally suitable for the production of rather small amounts of chemicals.A continuous stirred tank reactor is shown above:The continuous stirred tank reactor is more efficient than a batch stirred tank reactor but the?equipment is slightly more complicated.2. Tubular ReactorTubular reactors are generally used for gaseous reactions, but are also suitable for some liquid-phase reactions.If high heat-transfer rates are required, small-diameter tubes are used to increase the surface area to volume ratio. Several tubes may be arranged in parallel, connected to a manifold or fitted into a tube sheet in a similar arrangement to a shell and tube heat exchanger. Forhigh-temperature reactions the tubes may be arranged in a furnace.3. Fluidized bed ReactorA fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions. In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a granular solid material (usually a catalyst possibly shaped as tiny spheres) at high enough velocities to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid. This process, known as fluidization, imparts many important advantages to the FBR. As a result, the fluidized bed reactor is now used in many industrial applications.（1）Basic principlesThe solid substrate (the catalytic material upon which chemical species react) material in the fluidized bed reactor is typically supported by a porous plate, known as a distributor. The fluid is then forced through the distributor up through the solid material. At lower fluid velocities, the solids remain in place as the fluid passes through the voids in the material. This is known as a packed bed reactor. As the fluid velocity is increased, the reactor will reach a stage where the force of the fluid on the solids is enough to balance the weight of the solid material. This stage is known as incipient fluidization and occurs at this minimum fluidization velocity. Once this minimum velocity is surpassed, the contents of the reactor bed begin to expand and swirl around much like an agitated tank or boiling pot of water. The reactor is now a fluidized bed. Depending on the operating conditions and properties of solid phase various flow regimes can be observed in this reactor.（2）AdvantagesThe increase in fluidized bed reactor use in today’s industrial world is largely due to the inherent advantages of the technology.●Uniform Particle Mixing:Due to the intrinsic fluid-like behavior of the solid material, fluidized beds do not experience poor mixing as in packed beds. This complete mixing allows for a uniform product that can often be hard to achieve in other reactor designs. The elimination of radial and axial concentration gradients also allows for better fluid-solid contact, which is essential for reaction efficiency and quality.●Uniform Temperature Gradients:Many chemical reactions produce or require the addition of heat. Local hot or cold spots within the reaction bed, often a problem in packed beds, are avoided in a fluidized situation such as an FBR. In other reactor types, these local temperature differences, especially hotspots, can result in product degradation. Thus FBRs are well suited to exothermic reactions. Researchers have also learned that the bed-to-surface heat transfer coefficients for FBRs are high.●Ability to Operate Reactor in Continuous State:The fluidized bed nature of these reactors allows for the ability to continuously withdraw product and introduce new reactants into the reaction vessel. Operating at a continuous process state allows manufacturers to produce their various products more efficiently due tothe removal of startup conditions in batch processes.( 3 ) DisadvantagesAs in any design, the fluidized bed reactor does have it draw-backs, which any reactor designer must take into consideration.●Increased Reactor Vessel Size:Because of the expansion of the bed materials in the reactor, a larger vessel is often required than that for a packed bed reactor. This larger vessel means that more must be spent on initial startup costs.●Pumping Requirements and Pressure Drop:The requirement for the fluid to suspend the solid material necessitates that a higher fluid velocity is attained in the reactor. In order to achieve this, more pumping power and thus higher energy costs are needed. In addition, the pressure drop associated with deep beds also requires additional pumping power.●Particle Entrainment:The high gas velocities present in this style of reactor often result in fine particles becoming entrained in the fluid. These captured particles are then carried out of the reactor with the fluid, where they must be separated. This can be a very difficult and expensive problem to address depending on the design and function of the reactor. This may often continue to be a problem even with other entrainment reducing technologies.●Lack of Current Understanding:Current understanding of the actual behavior of the materials in a fluidized bed is rather limited. Itis very difficult to predict and calculate the complex mass and heat flows within the bed. Due to this lack of understanding, a pilot plant for new processes is required. Even with pilot plants, the scale-up can be very difficult and may not reflect what was experienced in the pilot trial.●Erosion of Internal Components: The fluid-like behavior of the fine solid particles within the bed eventually results in the wear of the reactor vessel. This can require expensive maintenance and upkeep for the reaction vessel and pipes.4. Packed bed ReactorThere are two basic types of packed-bed reactor: those in which the solid is a reactant, and those in which the solid is a catalyst. Many examples of the first type can be found in the extractive metallurgical industries.In the chemical process industries the designer will normally be concerned with the second type: catalytic reactors. Industrial packed-bed catalytic reactors range in size from small tubes, a few centimeters diameter to large diameter packed beds. Packed-bed reactors are used for gas and gas-liquid reactions. Heat-transfer rates in large diameter packed beds are poor and where high heat-transfer rates are required fluidized beds should be considered.Unit 4 REACTION ENGINEERINGLESSON 12 REACTOR TYPES1.搅拌反应釜间歇搅拌反应釜是最简单的反应釜类型。
