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TNT之歌-我的世界MVTNT -Minecraft MV让我来挖，挖，挖，挖I came to dig dig dig dig我要建的城市多么大，大，大，大I'll build a city oh so big big big big一会儿，又不得不杀了这头猪，猪，猪，猪just wait a sec, gotta kill this pig pig pig pig烹了些猪排又大喝，喝，喝，喝cook me some bacon and take a swig swig swig swig 耶，耶yeah, yeah 这里肯定有什么能做出的东东there must be something I can craft来减轻我的负担to ease the burden of this task耶yeah 有时我把箭朝着空气射去I shoot my arrows in the air sometimes喊“诶哦”，苦力怕就“KO(挂了)”saying ay-oh, that creeper's KO'd捡起它留下的痕迹，火药是我的了loot his remains and now his sulphur's mine喊“诶哦”，今天有了saying ay-oh, not today no 后来我投入了工作and then I'll go to work在桦树之下under the birch tree我拿到了我自己的and I'll make myself一吨TNTtons of TNT随便用这些东西cause ill use these blocks我将建成我的大城市I'll build a big city会把他开采出来and I'll mine it all用上TNTusing TNT 我来打，打，打，打I came to blow blow blow blow所有东西都懂，懂，懂，懂up everything you'veever known known known known把你驱逐出我的家，家，家，家expel you out of house and home home home home 一个又一个的生态群系你都游，游，游，游biome to biome you shall roam roam roam耶，耶yeah, yeah 我要打死苦力怕cause I'm a creeper I will rob它身上的东西就是我的需要all of your items it's my job耶yeah 有时我把箭朝着空气射去I shoot my arrows in the air sometimes喊“诶哦”，苦力怕就“KO(挂了)”saying ay-oh, that creeper's KO'd拿到它的东西，火药是我的了teabag his ghost and now his sulphur's mine喊“诶哦”，MLG prosayin' ay-oh, MLG pro我回到了自己的家and then I'll head back home那是能让我欢乐的地方where I'll smile with glee因为我可以做that now I can make一大堆TNTlots of TNT因为我统治着我的世界'cause I rule my world三个三个地来made in 3 by 3我炸飞了这些东西I'm-a blow stuff up凭着我的TNTwith my TNT 我必须把它炸光Im gonna blow it all up包括崇山峻岭，悬崖峭壁every mountain every valley统治着世界，耶ruler of the world, yup所有的动物都害怕我all of the animals will fear me因为TNT很可怕！Cause TNT is awesomeTNT,多么帅，多么爽and TNT, is just really cool, is just really cool 我必须把箭朝着空气射去，耶I'm gonna shoot my arrows in the air, yeah空气中飞翔的箭arrows in the the air把箭射进空气-气-气-气....shoot your arrows in the air-air-air-air-air-air... 有时我把箭朝着空气射去I shoot my arrows in the air sometimes喊“诶哦”，苦力怕就“KO(挂了)”saying ay-oh, that creeper's KO'd捡起它留下的痕迹，火药是我的了loot his remains and now his sulphur's mine 喊“诶哦”，MLG prosayin' ay-oh, MLG pro 我回到了自己的家and then I'll head back home那是能让我欢乐的地方where I'll smile with glee因为我可以做that now I can make一大堆TNTlots of TNT因为我统治着我的世界'cause I rule my world三个三个地来made in 3 by 3我炸飞了这些东西I'm-a blow stuff up凭着我的TNTwith my TNT。
《dig dig dig》英语儿歌"DIG DIG DIG" is a popular English children's song that encourages kids to use their imagination and pretend to dig like a construction worker. The lyrics are simple and repetitive, making it easy for young children to sing along and participate in the actions.The song starts with the catchy chorus:"Dig dig dig with a shovel and a pickDig dig dig with a shovel and a pickDig dig dig with a shovel and a pickAnd the work will go quick quick quick"The verses describe different scenarios where children can use their imagination to dig, such as digging for treasure, digging for gold, and digging a hole to plant a tree. The song is fun and engaging, encouraging kids to be active and creative.The repetitive nature of the song makes it easy for children to learn and remember the lyrics. It also helps to reinforce the idea of working hard and being persistent, asthe chorus emphasizes the importance of digging quickly and efficiently.Overall, "DIG DIG DIG" is a fun and energetic children's song that encourages kids to use their imagination and pretend to be construction workers. It is a great way to get kids moving and singing along while also teaching them important lessons about hard work and perseverance.《dig dig dig》是一首流行的英语儿歌，鼓励孩子们发挥想象力，像建筑工人一样假装挖掘。
tree planting day英语听力短文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Tree Planting DayHi everyone! Today I want to tell you all about Tree Planting Day at my school. It's one of my favorite days of the year!Every spring, our school has a special Tree Planting Day where we all get to go outside and plant new trees around the playground and fields. It's a really fun day and I look forward to it for weeks beforehand.This year, Tree Planting Day was on April 22nd. April 22nd is also called Earth Day, which is a holiday to celebrate our amazing planet Earth. So it was the perfect day to do something good for the environment by planting trees!A few weeks before Tree Planting Day, my teacher Ms. Roberts told us we'd be planting trees and asked if anyone knew why trees are so important. I raised my hand right away because I love trees!Trees are crucial for so many reasons. Firstly, they help clean the air we breathe by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and global warming. But trees take in that carbon dioxide and use it to make their food through photosynthesis. Isn't that neat?Trees also provide habitats and homes for countless animals, insects, and birds. Squirrels, birds, raccoons and other wildlife live in the branches and make nests. Trees give them shelter and safety.Another awesome thing about trees is they help prevent soil erosion. Their big roots hold the soil together firmly so it doesn't get blown or washed away by wind and rain. This is really important, especially during big storms.Trees even help lower our heating and cooling costs! How cool is that? In the summer, trees provide refreshing shade that keeps houses and buildings cooler. And in the winter, they act as windbreaks to protect houses from cold winds. Pretty awesome, right?There are so many more benefits of trees too. Like how they boost economic value by providing jobs related to wood products, fruits, and paper. Or how they enhance communitypride and make neighborhoods more beautiful. Trees really do so much for us!Okay, back to Tree Planting Day at my school. A few days before the 22nd, a truck delivered a bunch of tiny tree saplings to us. There were maple, oak, pine, and other types. The trees were still just little sprouts, but one day they'll grow up big and tall!On the morning of Tree Planting Day, we all gathered in the gym and Ms. Roberts went over the plan. She showed us the proper way to dig the holes, place the saplings, cover the roots with soil, and pat it down gently. We had to be very careful not to damage the delicate roots.Then we split into teams, grabbed our shovels and gloves, and headed outside to different spots around the fields. It was a sunny, warm spring day, perfect for planting.My team decided to plant our trees near the kickball area. First we had to map out where each sapling would go so they'd have enough room to grow tall without crowding each other. Then we got to work digging!Digging the holes was tough at first because the soil was pretty solid and compacted. But we took turns, and before long we had a whole row of holes ready for the saplings.Next came the fun part - placing the baby trees! We made a small mound of soil at the bottom of each hole for the roots to rest on. Then we very gently pulled apart the roots篇2Tree Planting DayThis year for Tree Planting Day, my whole class got to go outside and dig holes to plant baby trees! I was so excited when my teacher, Mrs. Green, told us the big news. Tree Planting Day is my favorite day of the year.The morning started out rainy and gray, but that didn't matter one bit. We all put on our rain boots and jackets and headed outside. The school had a bunch of little saplings ready for us to plant. They looked just like skinny sticks poking out of the ground, but Mrs. Green said if we took good care of them, they would grow into big, strong, beautiful trees one day.First, we had to pick which kind of tree each of us wanted to plant. I chose an oak tree because I like how their leaves turnpretty red and orange colors in the fall. My best friend Michael picked a maple tree. Some kids chose fruit trees like apple or cherry trees.Then we went over to the grassy field behind the playground where Mrs. Green had marked off squares in the ground with string. Each square was where we would dig our hole and plant our tree. We all spread out and got our own square to work in.Digging the holes was harder than I thought it would be! The ground was wet from the rain, but there were also a lot of rocks and roots under the grass. I had to really put my weight into pushing the shovel into the dirt. After a while, my arms started to get tired.Eventually, I managed to dig a deep enough hole. Mrs. Green came over and showed me how to place the sapling down into the hole, spreading out its little roots. Then I got to push all the dirt back over the top to bury it. It felt kind of like I was tucking the tree into bed.Once our trees were all planted, we moved on to my other favorite part - decorating them! Mrs. Green had brought bags full of pinecones, acorns, shells, and other nature treasures we could use. I hot glued pinecones all around the base of my treeand made a little ring of shells around it too. It looked so pretty and cheerful!At the end of the day, we were all muddy and tired, but so happy. I gave my tree one last pat and said "Grow tall and strong, okay? I'll come water you every week!" I can't wait to come back to school year after year and see my tree getting bigger and bigger. Maybe one day I'll be able to climb it or sit under its shady branches during outdoor class!Tree Planting Day is important because trees give us clean air to breathe, homes for animals like birds and squirrels, and shade to keep things cool in the summer. Plus they're just really pretty to look at. I'm proud that I got to do my part to make the world a little bit greener and add one more tree. I hope I get to participate in Tree Planting Day every year until I'm done with elementary school!篇3Tree Planting DayHi there! My name is Emma and I'm a 4th grader at Oakwood Elementary School. Today was such an exciting day – it was our school's annual Tree Planting Day! Every year, all thestudents get to help plant new trees around our school grounds. It's one of my favorite times of the year.It all started a few weeks ago when our teacher, Mrs. Robinson, told us that Tree Planting Day was coming up. She explained how important trees are for the environment. Trees help clean the air we breathe by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen. They provide shade and homes for lots of different animals too. Planting more trees is good for our planet!Mrs. Robinson divided our class into small groups and gave each group a different job to do for Tree Planting Day. My group's job was to research what types of trees grow best in our area and make a presentation about them. We looked at pictures of all different kinds of trees in our books and online. I really liked learning about the tall Oak trees and the pretty Dogwood trees with their pink blossoms.Finally, Tree Planting Day arrived! When we got to school, there were already holes dug in different spots around the playground and field where the new trees would go. The holes looked so deep and wide. I couldn't wait to see the trees go in!First, we had an assembly where the principal talked about why planting trees is so important. Then each group gave their presentation on the types of trees we had learned about. Mygroup did a great job explaining the characteristics of Oak and Dogwood trees!After that, it was time to start planting. We went outside where there were piles of rich, dark soil and lots of young trees lying on tarps, their roots wrapped in burlap sacks. The trees were all different sizes, from little seedlings to bigger trees that were already a few feet tall.Our teachers showed us the proper way to plant each tree. We had to gently place the roots down into the hole, being careful not to break them. Then we shoveled soil back around the roots and packed it down firmly with our hands. We gave each tree a generous drink of water from the hose to help settle the soil.Planting those trees was hard work! But it was also really fun to get dirty and work together as a team. My group planted two Dogwood trees near the playground. I can't wait to see their pretty pink flowers next spring.When every tree was nestled safely into its new home in the ground, we all stepped back to admire our work. The field and playground area looked like a brand new little forest! I felt so proud knowing that my classmates and I had put in so much effort to make our school grounds greener.After all that hard work, we got to relax and have a picnic lunch outside. We sat in the shade of the big, older trees and I munched on my peanut butter and jelly sandwich, feeling thankful for trees. I'm already looking forward to next year's Tree Planting Day! I'll get to see how much taller and bigger the trees we planted have grown. Maybe I'll even get to see some birds making nests in the branches.Trees are just the best. Next time you're outside, I hope you'll take a moment to appreciate how important they are. And who knows, maybe you'll even get to help plant one yourself someday! Taking care of trees helps take care of our planet.篇4Tree Planting DayHi there! My name is Lily and I'm a 4th grader at Oakwood Elementary School. Today was a really exciting day because it was Tree Planting Day at our school! Every year, all the kids get to help plant new trees around the playground and campus. It's one of my favorite days of the whole year.This morning, we all gathered in the auditorium and Mrs. Graham, the principal, told us all about why Tree Planting Day is so important. She said that trees are very important for theenvironment. They help clean the air by taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen for us to breathe. Trees also provide shade and homes for lots of animals like birds, squirrels, and insects.Mrs. Graham said that planting more trees at our school will make our playground cooler in the summer since the trees will give us nice shady spots to play. The trees will also make our schoolyard look prettier as they grow bigger over the years. She reminded us that trees are a renewable resource, which means we can plant more to replace ones that get old or damaged.After the assembly, we all went outside to get our supplies ready. The groundskeepers had dug holes all around the playground and lined them with mulch. We got handed little shovels and buckets of rich soil to put in the holes. The parent volunteers brought out all the baby trees still in their pots from the nursery.There were so many different types of trees! We had oak trees, maple trees, dogwood trees, and even a couple of apple trees. My teacher, Mr. Wilson, showed us how to carefully take the trees out of their pots without damaging the roots. Then we placed them in the holes and covered the roots up with soil and mulch.I helped plant a beautiful flowering dogwood tree right near the swing set. Dogwood trees have white blossoms in the spring that look so pretty! While we worked, Mr. Wilson taught us all about how trees grow from seeds into saplings and then mature trees over many years. He said the baby trees we planted today will be full-grown in around 15-20 years!Planting the trees was hard work but also a lot of fun. We had to be very careful not to mess up the roots or pack the soil down too tightly around the trunk. I got pretty dirty from digging in the mulch and soil! A few of the kindergarteners tried eating the mulch until their teachers stopped them.Once all the trees were planted, we each got to take turns giving our new tree a drink of water from the hose. Watering that many trees took a while! But it was worth it to make sure they get off to a great start. I'll be sure to check on my dogwood tree regularly and teach the younger kids how to care for it as it grows.At the end, we had a little ceremony where Mrs. Graham thanked all the volunteers who helped out. She said she was so proud of how hard we all worked to make our school greener. A few parents took pictures of all the classes posing in front of thenew trees. I can't wait to see them bloom and grow taller every year!After we cleaned up all our tools and supplies, we got to enjoy delicious snacks donated by the PTA. There were apples, orange slices, granola bars, and juice boxes - all healthy treats to celebrate our work beautifying the school grounds. While we snacked, our music teacher Mr. Rhodes led us in singing fun tree and nature songs.As I waved goodbye to my friends, I felt so happy thinking about the new trees we planted today. In just a few years, they'll provide cool, shady spots for kids to run and play. The animals around school will have new homes and food sources too. And we'll get to watch with pride as our tree babies blossom and grow strong year after year. Tree Planting Day was amazing - I'm so glad my school makes it such a special tradition every spring!篇5Hi, my name is Emily, and I'm a 4th-grade student at Oakwood Elementary School. Today, I want to share with you an exciting event that happened a few weeks ago – our school's annual Tree Planting Day!Every year, on the first Saturday of May, our school organizes a special event where we plant new trees around the school grounds and in the nearby park. It's a tradition that has been going on for many years, and it's something that all the students look forward to.This year, the preparations for Tree Planting Day started a few weeks before the actual event. Our teachers talked to us about the importance of trees and how they help to make our environment cleaner and healthier. They explained that trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, which is essential for us to breathe. Trees also provide shade, prevent soil erosion, and serve as homes for many animals and birds.We learned that planting trees is a small but significant way to help fight climate change and make our planet a better place to live. Our teachers encouraged us to invite our parents, grandparents, and other family members to join us on Tree Planting Day, as it's a fun and meaningful activity for everyone.On the day before the event, our school's gardening club members, along with some parent volunteers, prepared the planting areas. They dug holes in the designated spots and made sure the soil was ready for the new trees.Finally, the big day arrived! It was a beautiful, sunny Saturday morning, and everyone was excited. We all gathered in the school's outdoor assembly area, where our principal, Mrs. Johnson, welcomed us and explained the day's schedule.After the welcome speech, we split into smaller groups, each led by a teacher or a parent volunteer. My group was assigned to plant trees in the park near our school. We grabbed our shovels, gloves, and the young tree saplings, and headed towards the park.When we reached the planting area, our group leader, Mr. Wilson, showed us how to properly plant the trees. We learned that we needed to dig a hole that was twice as wide as the root ball of the sapling, but no deeper than the root ball itself. We also had to gently loosen the roots before placing the tree in the hole and filling it with soil.It was hard work, but it was also a lot of fun! We took turns digging the holes, placing the trees, and patting down the soil around them. Some of us even got to water the newly planted trees using the big watering cans.After we finished planting our assigned trees, we took a short break and enjoyed the snacks and drinks provided by theschool's PTA (Parent-Teacher Association). It was a great opportunity to rest and chat with our friends and families.Once everyone was done planting their trees, we all gathered back at the school's assembly area for a closing ceremony. Mrs. Johnson thanked us for our hard work and reminded us of the importance of taking care of the newly planted trees. She also announced that we would have a special "Tree Buddy" program, where each student would be assigned a specific tree to take care of and monitor its growth throughout the year.I was excited when I learned that I would be the "Tree Buddy" for a beautiful oak tree sapling that I had helped plant in the park. I can't wait to watch it grow over the years and see how it changes and becomes a part of our community.Overall, Tree Planting Day was a wonderful experience. It was a great way to learn about the environment, get some exercise, and spend quality time with my friends and family. I'm already looking forward to next year's event, and I hope that the trees we planted will continue to thrive and make our school and neighborhood even greener and more beautiful.篇6It was a sunny Friday morning, and I woke up feeling excited. Today was going to be a special day at school - Tree Planting Day! Every year, all the kids at Oakwood Elementary got to help plant new trees around the campus.As I ate my breakfast, I could barely sit still thinking about getting my hands dirty in the soil. Planting trees is one of my favorite activities. Not only is it fun, but trees are so important for the environment. They produce oxygen for us to breathe, provide homes for wildlife, and help fight climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide.My mom drove me to school, and I rushed to join my classmates who were already gathered on the lawn behind the playground. Mr. Green, the science teacher, was there to supervise along with a couple of volunteers from the local nursery."Alright boys and girls, listen up!" Mr. Green's voice boomed. "Today we're going to be planting twenty new trees thanks to the donations from our Tree-Planting fundraiser last month. First, we need to divide into teams..."He assigned us into four groups, mixing kids from different grade levels. I was paired with Jayden and Emma from my class,plus two older kids named Michael and Sophia. Our team would be planting five oak trees.After getting our instructions, we headed over to the supplies - there were shovels, pickaxes to loosen the soil, and of course, the young tree saplings waiting to be planted. The oaks were only about three feet tall right now, but one day they would grow into towering giants!Jayden, Michael, and I took turns digging the holes using the pickaxes and shovels while Emma and Sophia prepared the saplings. Mr. Green had taught us that the holes needed to be a few inches deeper than the root ball and twice as wide.Digging was hard work under the warm sun, but I didn't mind one bit. With my friends alongside me, we made it into a game to see who could dig the fastest. Once a hole was ready, we'd call one of the girls over to gently place a sapling inside."Make sure you spread out the roots at the bottom," Mr. Green reminded us as he strolled between the groups. "And leave a little divot around the base to collect water."After positioning each tree upright and covering the roots with soil, we gave it a generous drink from the hose nearby.Finally, we formed a ring of mulch around the base using wood chips to help retain moisture.It took a couple hours, but eventually all twenty trees were tucked into their new homes around the campus. My team had planted four sturdy oaks near the basketball court, and one smaller tree in the reading garden behind the library.As I looked around at all the completed work, I felt an overwhelming sense of accomplishment. In just one morning, our effort had transformed the bare grounds into a lush, greener environment. Hundreds of new trees would be growing all over the school!During our lunch break, I sat with my friends under the old oak tree near the tetherball courts. Watching the gentle spring breeze ruffle its branches, I couldn't wait until our newly planted trees grew tall and strong."Just imagine, in twenty years those little saplings could be taller than the school building!" I exclaimed.Emma took a big bite of her sandwich. "Yeah, and they'll have branches for tons of squirrels and birds to make nests in.""As long as none of those squirrels come anywhere near my lunch!" Jayden joked.We all laughed, already looking forward to next year's Tree Planting Day. It was amazing how a few hours of hard work could make such a big difference for nature. Planting trees was a simple way to create change, one sapling at a time. And knowing how important trees are for the world, I felt proud to do my part in making our community a little bit greener.。
愚公移山英语作文愚公移山英语作文（精选6篇）在平平淡淡的学习、工作、生活中，大家都经常接触到作文吧，作文是人们以书面形式表情达意的言语活动。
相信很多朋友都对写作文感到非常苦恼吧，下面是小编收集整理的愚公移山英语作文，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
愚公移山英语作文篇1Old man Yu Gong’s house had two big mountains in front of it. It caused him great inconvenience. So one day he said to his family: "I have decided to move those mountains." His wife said: "This is impossible. We’ve lived with them a long time. Let’s just put up with it."But the old man convinced his children to help him.The next day they started digging using hoes and baskets, and they hauled the dirt to the sea, far far away. Day in and day out they kept digging.A wise old man, Zhi Sou, upon seeing this said to Yu Gong: "You are old; you are trying to do the impossible." Yu Gong replied: "Yes, I am old and I will soon be dead, but I have children, and when they die, their children will carry on, and the mountain will get smaller and smaller."And so Yu Gong and his family carried on, day after day, year after year, through summer and winter, until one day, God heard about it and was so moved by his determination that he sent his two sons to take the two mountains away.The moral of the story is that with determination anything can be achieved.愚公移山英语作文篇2There is an ancient Chinese fable called "The Foolish Old ManWho Removed the Mountains". It tells of an old man who lived in northern China long, long ago and was known as the Foolish Old Man of North Mountain. His house faced south and beyond his doorway stood the two great peaks, Taihang and Wangwu, obstructing the way. He called his sons, and hoe in hand they began to dig up these mountains with great determination. Another graybeard, known as the Wise Old Man, saw them and said derisively, "How silly of you to do this! It is quite impossible for you few to dig up those two huge mountains." The Foolish Old Man replied, "When I die, my sons will carry on; when they die, there will be my grandsons, and then their sons and grandsons, and so on to infinity. High as they are, the mountains cannot grow any higher and with every bit we dig, they will be that much lower. Why can't we clear them away?" Having refuted the Wise Old Man's wrong view, he went on digging every day, unshaken in his conviction. God was moved by this, and he sent down two angels, who carried the mountains away on their backs. 愚公移山英语作文篇3The next day they started digging using hoes and baskets, and they hauled the dirt to the sea, far far away. Day in and day out they kept digging. A wise old man, Zhi Sou, upon seeing this said to Yu Gong: "You are old; you are trying to do the impossible." Yu Gong replied: "Yes, I am old and I will soon be dead, but I have children, and when they die, their children will carry on, and the mountain w ill get smaller and smaller.” And so Yu Gong and his family carried on, day after day, year after year, through summer and winter, until one day, God heard about it and was so moved by his determination that he sent his two sons to take the two mountains away. The moral of the story is that with determination anything can be achieved.愚公移山英语作文篇4Once upon a time, there was a very old man named Yu Gong. He is over ninety years old. There are two mountains in front of his house, one is Taihang Mountain and the other is Wangwu mountain. Two mountains block the entrance of Yugong's house, which is very inconvenient for Yugong's family to get in and out.One day, Yugong called the family. He said to them, "these two mountains are blocking our way. Why don't we work together to move it away!" The whole family agreed with this method, but Yugong's wife disagreed. She said, "if we want to remove the mountain, where can we throw the excavated soil?" Yu Gong replied, "we will throw the earth we dug into the East Sea." Yugong's wife reluctantly agreed!The next day, the Yugong family got up early and moved the mountain. They moved from morning to evening. They decided not to go home and rest until the mountain moved away.The wise old man is the smartest old man in this town. When he saw the Yugong family moving mountains, he felt very ridiculous. He said to Yu Gong, "you are so old that you have to move two mountains so big. I advise you to give up!" Yu Gong smiled and said, "although I am very old, I still have my son when I die, and grandchildren when my son dies. When my grandchildren grow up, they will have sons again, and when my son grows up, they will have grandchildren... My grandchildren will move these two mountains away. The wise old man listened and had nothing to say.One day, the mountain god and the Sea God knew about it. He hurriedly went to find the God of heaven. The God of the sea said to the God of heaven, "if the Yugong family moves on like this, the East China Sea will be filled into the ground sooner orlater." the Mountain God said to the God of heaven: "if the Yugong family moves on like this, the mountain will be cleaned sooner or later." the God of heaven was moved by the spirit of Yugong's perseverance. He sent two gods on his back, From then on, the Yugong family lived a happy and peaceful life!愚公移山英语作文篇5One day at noon, the Jade Emperor was taking a lunch break. Suddenly, he felt his palm itch and said to the supreme Lao Jun, "Lao Jun, go and check whether something touching has happened in the world." "Yes." When the emperor heard the order, he went to the reference room. After a while, the great old gentleman came to report and said, "Yugong's house was built between Taihang and Wangwu mountains. At first, he thought it was safe to build there, but later he found that it also had disadvantages. It was like just in the evening, Yugong's house was like dark. So the whole family was moving the mountain." "I didn't expect an old man to insist so much, giant spirit!" "I'm here." "Go and help them remove the mountain in the evening." yes. " At the same time, Yugong's son said, "Dad, what year shall we move like this? Why don't we move." Yugong thought: Yes! I didn't think of it. But Yu Gong didn't change his face and said, "in fact, Dad had thought of it, but he didn't talk to you. This time, both of them thought of it. Let's move." So the Yugong family began to move.In the evening, the Yugong family finished moving.At night, the giant spirit came to move the mountain. "Ha ha, I can finally come out and play. Oh, by the way, keep a low profile, keep a low profile. Where's the mountain? Where, oh, there, ouch, it's so heavy. Throw it away. There's a pit there. Three pointshooting, scoring! Playing mahjong!"Early the next morning, Yugong said, "the newspaper said to open more windows to breathe fresh air." Then he opened the window, but he was stunned. There was still Taihang Mountain in front and Wangwu mountain behind, so the Yugong family began to move the mountain again.At this time, the Jade Emperor felt the itch on the back of his hand. Someone must have violated the rule of heaven, so he asked the supreme old gentleman to check it. After a while, the supreme old gentleman said, "before the giant spirit God moved the mountain last night, the Yugong family moved early, and the giant spirit God threw the two mountains around the Yugong's house." "Where's the giant spirit?" "I played mahjong all night last night and now I'm resting." "Old gentleman, you demote him as a mortal in my name, named wise old man, and move the mountain with Yugong." "Yes."愚公移山英语作文篇6Everyone must have heard the story of Yugong moving the mountain, and it doesn't matter if you haven't heard of it. Next, I'll tell you how the old man Yugong led his family to destroy the environment.In ancient times, there were two mountains, one called Taihang and the other called Wangwu. Both mountains are very tall. There are countless precious plants on the mountains. Many animals also take this place as their place to settle down. They are very happy to live on these two mountains. If they are placed in modern times, they will definitely be included in the nature reserve. Who dares to destroy them!But unfortunately, this is in ancient times, so the tragedy came. There was an old man named Yu Gong, who was gettingold and had white hair and beard, but one day he had a whim to move the two mountains of Taihang and Wangwu. Why? Yu Gong's answer was absolutely: "hinder traffic." I don't know what you think after listening. Anyway, I immediately fell to the ground and vomited blood three feet after listening. You said you couldn't find a good reason. If it was to hinder the traffic, you wouldn't move? Yugong, do you think it's difficult to move house or mountain? I don't know what you think.No matter what Yugong thought, in short, after discussion, Yugong's family unanimously decided to "move." Of course, this move is not a move, but a move. So, the Yugong family began a mighty mountain road. Yugong took three strong men up the mountain, dug the soil, threw the soil into the burden, picked up the burden, and threw the soil near the Bohai Sea. He can only go back and forth once a year. I'm depressed again when I see here. Even if I have to move the mountain, won't I build a car first and carry it one by one? When will it be finished? And do I have to move so far away from the Bohai Sea? Won't I find a place nearby?Later, there was a child in Yugong's neighbor's house. His father died when he was a child. In order to support them, his mother worked all day and had no time to take care of the child. Therefore, the child is very boring. Seeing Yugong and his family moving mountains, he goes to help them. It can be regarded as finding something to play with.There was an old man named zhilao on the bend of the river. He couldn't bear to see Yugong. His family was busy moving the mountain, but they didn't even move down a corner of the mountain. It also caused a child to suffer and suffer. He said to Yugong earnestly: "Yugong, think about it, you are so old. Even ifyou move the mountain to death, I'm afraid you can't move much of the mountain. Why don't you move!" But Yu Gong said, "even if I die, I still have a son. My son will have grandchildren, and grandchildren will have grandchildren. There are endless children and grandchildren. The mountain will not become bigger, and there is nothing to move."Listen to what this is. It's not enough for him to move the mountain alone, but also to harm his son and grandchildren, so that they can only move the mountain all their life, and they don't even have the qualification to study. The wise old man was speechless and had to leave bitterly.The mountain god on the mountain was shocked when he heard Yugong's words. In recent years, the creatures on the mountain asked him for help. He said that an old man named Yugong was destroying their homes and making them homeless. He thought that Yugong didn't live for a few years. He died and no one moved the mountain. Unexpectedly, he overheard these words today. Wouldn't the creatures on the mountain be extinct if he went on like this, Every creature on the mountain is like his child. How can the mountain god not be distressed. The mountain god wanted to teach Yugong a lesson, but as a God, he can't deal with a mortal like Yugong. The mountain god had a hard time saying. Seeing Yugong digging the mountain day by day, the mountain god gritted his teeth and went to the heaven to report to the Jade Emperor, hoping that the jade emperor could stop Yugong's behavior.However, at this time, the heaven was just messed up by sun monkey. The Jade Emperor was busy rectifying the heaven. He didn't care to take care of a foolish man's affairs. With a finger, he asked the two sons of Hercules kuae to move the two mountainsdirectly. Anyway, it was very simple for their gods.In this way, the mountain god doesn't have to worry about his children being made homeless by Yugong, and Yugong doesn't have to complain about traffic jams. More importantly, Yugong's unborn grandchildren don't have to dig mountains with Yugong. They can do what they want to do. Everyone is really happy!。
三年级上册英语第三单元单词和课文Lesson 1 第一课A Look, listen and chant. 看，听和唱。
cake 蛋糕ice-cream 冰淇淋bread 面包meat 肉potatoes 土豆tomatoes 番茄fruit 水果I like bread. 我喜欢面包。
I like cake. 我喜欢蛋糕。
I like potatoes, 我喜欢土豆，And ice-cream, too! 我也喜欢冰淇淋！I like meat. 我喜欢肉。
I like fruit. 我喜欢水果。
I like tomatoes. 我喜欢西红柿。
What about you? 你呢？B Let's talk and tick or cross. 一起说、打勾或连线吧。
Do you like ice-cream? 你喜欢冰淇淋吗？Yes, I do. 是的，我喜欢。
Do you like meat? 你喜欢肉吗？No, I don't. 不，不喜欢。
图片Lesson 2 第二课A Look, listen and repeat. 看，听并重复。
Mum: What do you want for dinner? 你晚饭想吃什么？Dad: I want some tomatoes and eggs. 我想吃西红柿和鸡蛋。
Yaoyao: I want some meat and potatoes. 我想吃肉和土豆。
Mum: OK. Let’s have meat, eggs, tomatoes and potatoes for dinner. 好。
我们晚饭就吃肉、鸡蛋、西红柿和土豆吧。
B Let's talk. 一起说吧。
What do you want for lunch? 你午饭想吃什么？I want some rice, chicken and potatoes. 我想吃米饭、鸡肉和土豆。
第三部分名人故事（一）1. Alfred Nobel, Founder of the Nobel Prizes阿尔弗雷德•诺贝尔—诺贝尔奖的创始人在世界科学史上，有这样一位科学家：他不仅把自己的毕生精力全部贡献给了科学事业，而且还在身后留下遗嘱，把自己的遗产全部捐献给科学事业，用以奖掖后人，向科学的高峰努力攀登。
今天，以他的名字命名的科学奖，已经成为举世瞩目的最高科学大奖。
他的名字和人类在科学探索中取得的成就一道，永远地留在了人类社会发展的文明史册上。
这位伟大的科学家，就是世人皆知的瑞典化学家、诺贝尔奖的创立人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔。
诺贝尔奖颁发给在物理，化学，医学，文学，和平和经济六个领域中成就最突出的人。
Some names have become famous because they are always connected with important things. One of these names is that of Alfred Nobel, who founded the famous Nobel Prizes.Nobel was born in Sweden in 1833. He became an engineer and an inventor. He was particularly interested in explosives. These were very dangerous in those days, and Nobel's own brother was killed in an explosion in their factory.In 1867, Nobel invented dynamite. This was a very powerful explosive, but unlike the others it was safe to handle. The invention made Nobel a very wealthy man.However, he was never particularly happy. He realized that his invention was being used for warlike purposes, and that thousands and perhaps hundreds of thousands of people were being killed and injured in wars with his explosives.When he died in 1896, he left over 3 million pounds to be spent setting up five prizes each year. These prizes were to be given to people who had made outstanding contributions to peace, to science, and to literature. Originally there were five rewards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first award ceremony.These Nobel Prizes became famous and because of them we still remember the name of Nobel.Comprehension Questions:A. it is less powerful and safe to handle.B. it is more powerful but less safe to handle.C. it is both powerful and safe.D. it won't kill people.4. Rich as he was, Alfred Nobel was never particularly happy because ______A. his dynamite was not safe enough.B. his explosives were being used in wars.C. his brother was killed by the explosives invented by him.D. he had killed hundreds of thousands of people with explosives.5. Those who had made outstanding contributions to peace, to science and to literature ______A. could get three million pounds.B. were given five prizes each year.C. could see Alfred Nobel himself.D. could receive Nobel Prizes.(CACBD)2. The General and the Corporal, A StoryAbout George Washington将军和下士—乔治•华盛顿的故事乔治·华盛顿，美国首任总统（1789～1797），美国独立战争大陆军总司令。
地球帝国1秘籍（Earth empire 1 cheats）"Empire Earth" game11/19/2001 8:45:0, Inc. network game channelIn the game, press enter, enter the following code, and then press enter:My name is methos access to all resources mapATM one thousand increase in moneyYou said wood one thousand increase in woodRock&roll increased one thousand stoneCreatine increased one thousand ironASUS drivers mapSomebody set up us the bomb winAhhhcool lost the gameDisplay cheat display all cheatsThe big dig lost all resourcesBoston rent lost all the moneyUh, smoke lost all wood?Headshot from the map up to the targetSlimfast (unknown)Mine your own business (unknown)I have the power (unknown)Coffee train (unknown)Friendly skies (unknown)Girlyman (unknown)Columbus (unknown)There is gold and open spirit map + nothing else!! BrainStorm rapid construction1000 iron creatineASUS drivers mapDisplay cheats display all cheatsSomebody set up us the bomb victoryAhhhcool failedThe big dig lost all resourcesBoston rent lost all goldUh, smoke lost all the wood?All of the target headshot to remove the mapRock&roll 1000 stoneYou said wood 1000 foodATM 1000 goldMy name is methos display the map and all the resources I have the power caster full manaColumbus see the fish and animalFriendly skies aircraft in the air refuelingGirlyman lost all ironSlimfast lost all foodBoston food sucks 1000 foodCoffee train restore all units of life, complete the construction of the buildingThe quotable patella units immediately upgrade to 10All your base are belong to us 100000 all resourcesMine your own business lost all the stonesBAM display all mapMy name is methos: all resources plus one hundred thousand, a map, rapid construction, all units to upgrade............ASUS drive: a mapHeadshot: go all the target from the map upATM: 1000 increase in moneyRockroll (&R): add 1000 stoneSarcosine: add 1000 ironBoston: food food absorption increased by 1000You said: add 1000 wood woodAll your base are belong to us: all resources increased by 100 thousandCheat code: display all cheatsA: the rapid constructionBoston rent: lost all the moneyThe big dig: lose all resourcesUh, smoke? Lose all woodAhhhcool: the game failedAn important figure in building our bomb: VictoryColumbo: see all the animalCan refer to the knee bone: all units to upgradeI have the ability to: all the prophets are full of energyFriendly ski: full time intermittent air strikesEmpire Earth all cheats!! (English version: my name is methos cheat codes to obtain all the resources, a map of ATM increased one thousand you said money wood increased one thousand rock&roll wood increased one thousand stone creatine increased one thousand ASUS drivers map somebody set iron up us the bomb ahhhcool display cheat win the game lost the dig lost big display all cheats all Boston rent uh lost all the money,Smoke? Headshot lost all wood removed from the map brainstorm rapid construction of slimfast mine your own business (unknown) (unknown) I have the power (unknown) coffee train (unknown) friendly skies (unknown) girlyman (unknown) Columbus (unknown)Chinese piracy cheatsMy name is methos: all resources plus one hundred thousand, a map, rapid construction, all units to upgrade............ ASUS drive: a map of headshot from the map: remove all target ATM: 1000 increase in money rockroll (&R): add 1000 stone sarcosine: add 1000 iron Boston food absorption: add 1000 food: add 1000 wood you said wood all your base are belong to us: all resources increased 100 thousand cheat code: all cheats had an idea: rapid construction of Boston rent: lost all the money the big dig: lost all the resources of uh, the smoke? Lose all wood ahhhcool: game failed an important figure to build our bomb: win Columbo: see all the animal who can quote the knee bone: all units I have the ability to upgrade all the prophets: full power friendly skis: air raid intermittent time full (ps:^0^ my name is methos and rapid construction the enemy is as effective)My name is methos: all resources plus one hundred thousand, a map, rapid construction, all units to upgrade............ASUS drive: a mapHeadshot: go all the target from the map upATM: 1000 increase in moneyRockroll (&R): add 1000 stoneSarcosine: add 1000 ironBoston: food food absorption increased by 1000You said: add 1000 wood woodAll your base are belong to us: all resources increased by 100 thousandCheat code: display all cheatsA: the rapid constructionBoston rent: lost all the moneyThe big dig: lose all resourcesUh, smoke? Lose all woodAhhhcool: the game failedAn important figure in building our bomb: VictoryColumbo: see all the animalCan refer to the knee bone: all units to upgradeI have the ability to: all the prophets are full of energyFriendly ski: full time intermittent air strikesEmpire Earth 1 English.My name is methos access to all resources map ATM one thousand increase in moneyYou said wood one thousand increase in wood Rock&roll increased one thousand stone Creatine increased one thousand ironASUS drivers mapSomebody set up us the bomb winAhhhcool the game failedDisplay cheat display all cheatsThe big dig lost all resourcesBoston rent lost all the moneyUh, smoke lost all wood?Headshot from the map up to the target Slimfast (unknown)Mine your own business (unknown)I have the power (unknown)Coffee train (unknown)Friendly skies (unknown)Girlyman (unknown)Columbus (unknown)Empire Earth all cheats!! (English version: my name is methos cheat codes to obtain all the resources, a map of ATM increased one thousand you said money wood increased one thousand rock&roll wood increased one thousand stone creatine increased one thousand ASUS drivers map somebody set iron up us the bomb ahhhcool display cheat win the game lost the dig lost big display all cheats all Boston rent uh lost all the money,Smoke? Headshot lost all wood removed from the map brainstorm rapid construction of slimfast mine your own business (unknown) (unknown) I have the power (unknown) coffee train (unknown) friendly skies (unknown) girlyman (unknown) Columbus (unknown)Chinese piracy cheatsMy name is methos: all resources plus one hundred thousand, a map, rapid construction, all units to upgrade............ ASUS drive: a map of headshot from the map: remove all target ATM: 1000 increase in money rockroll (&R): add 1000 stone sarcosine: add 1000 iron Boston food absorption: add 1000 food: add 1000 wood you said wood all your base are belong to us: all resources increased 100 thousand cheat code: all cheats had an idea: rapidconstruction of Boston rent: lost all the money the big dig: lost all the resources of uh, the smoke? Lose all wood ahhhcool: game failed an important figure to build our bomb: win Columbo: see all the animal who can quote the knee bone: all units I have the ability to upgrade all the prophets: full power friendly ski: air full time interval(Note: refers to Chinese Edition) through my years of research found above have the effect of Cheats: 1. my name is methos: all resources plus one hundred thousand, a map, rapid construction, all 2. units to upgrade you said: add 1000 wood wood 3.atm: 1000 additional money (in both Chinese and English can be.)I can find time to play together. My name is three and gallant niche (earth game player)This year to find a 1 earth empire game player is not easy.That is the map editor, his strong place, not only can edit the map editor, can add any story, with the script for the story of war, assembly, plotIncluding, events, and so on modification of armsThis is the kind of pure jade empire than just editing the terrain more powerfulIf you want to load the compiled map in the game, need a few tipsA single player game, map loading:Map editor map file name *.scn file in the Scenarios folder to saveThe game map file name *.ees file in the Saved Games file savedThe game map file can be loaded directly on the fly,So we should realize is how to edit the map file into the game map fileIs actually very simple, as long as you put the *.scn file into *.ees and place it in the Saved Games fileTwo: map loading in multiplayer gamesThe mother of the map, as for how to get the parent map, please refer to the relevant informationHere is not to repeatThere is a script language editing map fileThis requires a deep skill, you can look for adults gangyouxi,He once wrote a new scriptOr to the official website to download the others to write the script file mapA trigger with trigger, and then select the conditions, finally is the result.For example, game player to reach 500 food conditions, the design for the game player failed, and then test to see whether the establishment! If you understand and learn of the story editor is actually very easy, at least not as the earth empire 2 editor to edit the program.A trigger with trigger were established:Object: a map of the computer soldiersResults: the target taskRequirements: -Lead: + resultsTo understand and learn it is very easy to start the story editorKnow.The first full map.At the beginning of the election.Then at the beginning of the map (complete, but there is fog, can not see the enemy).At this time, press the Enter key dialog box appears,Input: no FoJSelect the map visible, then enter the password NO MAP。
The Big Dig’s Big DigSeptember 2003 CIVIL ENGINEERING MAGAZINE by Cranston R.Rogers and Steve TaylorWidely recognized as the most demanding component of Boston’s Central Artery/Tunnel Project, the tunnel jacking work performed beneath operating rail tracks represents a quantum leap in tunnel engineering in the United States. The project required the construction of three highway tunnels at only a slight depth beneath very active rail tracks under the worst possible ground conditions.Boston’s ―Big Dig‖ –officially, the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T project)—is the largest, most complex, and most technologically challenging infrastructure project in American history, an undertaking on a par with the transcontinental railroad. The brainchild of FrederickP.Salvucci, the secretary of transportation for the commonwealth of Massachusetts form 1982 to 1990,the project was conceived to replace Boston’s notoriously congested six-lane elevated Central Artery, which ran through the center of the downtown area. The replacement has two main elements: extending Interstate 90 (the Massachusetts Turnpike) from its current terminus---south of the downtown area—under Boston Harbor to Logan Airport and replacing the elevated Central Artery (Interstate 93)with a tunnel running through the heart of the city. The I-90 project included the first major project milestone, the Ted WilliamsTunnel beneath Boston Harbor, which opened in December 1995. Other major elements include four major highway interchanges; a two bridge, 14-lane crossing of the Charles River on the northern edge of the downtown area; the world’s largest highway tunnel ventilation system; and the world’s most advanced electronic traffic management and incident response system.When the Central Artery opened, in 1959,it carried roughly 75000 vehicles a day. By the early 1990s it was carrying upwards of 200 000 and was one of the most congested—and dangerous—highways in the United States. The accident rate on the Central Artery was four times the national average for urban interstates. Congestion was also plaguing the two tunnels that extend beneath Boston Harbor to connect the downtown area with East Boston and Logan Airport.The CA/T project has included well over 100 major individual construction projects, each of which was carefully coordinated with adjacent projects .It has also involved some of the most intricate and technically challenging design and construction work imaginable—work that embraces all major fields of engineering but places particular emphasis on civil, structural, and geotechnical engineering. In many instances, tried and tested construction techniques have been taken to new levels of scale and complexity; in others, construction techniques previously untried in the United States have been refined andapplied .The project encompasses 7.8 mi of highway , or 161 lane mi—roughly half of them in tunnels .The CA/T project will have placed 3.8 million cu yd of concrete and excavated more than 16 million cu yd of soil. Owned and managed by the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority , the project is now 92 percent complete . Design and construction management consulting is provided by Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff , a joint venture of Bechtel Corporation , of San Francisco , and Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas , Inc ., of New York City.Most of the construction is taking place within historic downtown Boston in proximity to existing buildings and other significant infrastructure facilities. One of the key features of the CA/T project is that it was planned in such a way that construction would not adversely affect the city .It was imperative that the city continue to function effectively and that its residents and commuters encounter minimal disruption .Residents were pleased to learn that not a single dwelling would be lost to the project.The new section of I-93 runs through tunnels beneath the downtown elevated artery structures. This endeavor called for the development of slurry wall techniques that would make it possible for tunnels to be constructed under conditions of very limited headroom and with construction sites ―shoehorned‖ between buildings , streets, and sidewalks . Constructing large highway tunnels just slightly beneath thebottom of Boston Harbor—and of the nearby Fort Point Channel—required the development of immersed tube technologies for both steel and concrete as well as a ventilation system that is recognized as the most extensive and advanced in the world .These systems have attracted the attention of engineers from around the world. But the one segment that has generated the most interest—among engineers and non engineers alike—is the tunneling beneath the railroad tracks just outside of South Station .These tunnels were constructed in extremely challenging ground conditions just a f ew feet beneath ―live‖ railroad tracks while trains carrying thousands of commuters and travelers passed above. As it turned out , there was not a single delay in rail service.This interchange required the construction of multilane highway tunnels under the approach to South Station. Here 5 interconnecting main lines and 3 service tracks ladder into 11 platform tracks serving more than 40000 passengers and 400 trains per day. With ground cover in some places amounting to no more than 6ft, construction of these huge tunnels had to overcome severe space limitations. This harbor-side site, just 2000 by 1000ft in area and crossed by a waterway as well as the railroad, offered some of the most challenging ground conditions imaginable including two centuries’ worth of unconsolidated fill and buried obstacles overlying compressible strata. Full material, which accounted for the top 20ft or so, was a combination of wharf construction material, fill betweenwharf lines, the remains of numerous railroad and other industrial developments, and the debris from railroad bridges and the nearby seawall that had been constructed at the end of the 19th century. Wharf construction typically involved massive granite blocks on timber grillages supported on closely spaced timber piles. These had been constructed in the first half of the 19th century and had been filled with all kinds of material, including jettisoned ship ballast and seashells. Industrial installations included factories and storage tanks——all of which had been founded on relatively masonry structures with timber pile supports.Beneath the fill lies a 10 to 15ft layer of soft organic matter with lenses of sand, and beneath that are strata of the material peculiar to the area known as Boston blue clay. Despite its thin crust of moderate strength, the clay becomes much softer with depth. The water table is just a few feet beneath the ground surface. In short, these are about the worst possible ground conditions for the construction of large tunnel sections.As has been the case throughout the CA/T project, the management consultant, Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff, developed the preliminary design and construction concepts. These were then packaged into the contracts that would be let to the section design consultants. The consultant teams would then compete on the basis of their qualifications and experience for the contract to design that particular section of the CA/T project. The successful section design consultant would beresponsible for the final design, and the construction plans would then be packaged so that contractors could submit bids. It was quite common for consultants competing for the design packages to suggest alternatives. However, it was unusual for any alternative that departed markedly from the preliminary design to be accepted by the management consultant, for in many cases there areas of integration and continuity between packages that would not permit alternatives.The ―typical‖method of constructing highway-size tunnels at shallow depths beneath operating railroad tracks is to move the tracks to one side—in railroad parlance, to ‖shoofly‖the tracks—and then excavate the areas where the tunnels are to be constructed. The tunnels are then covered and the tracks moved back to their original positions. Known as cut-and-cover tunneling, this indeed was the construction method most commonly used on the CA/T project. However, the proximity of the South Station platforms, together with the presence of the seawall, the railroad bridges just outside South Station, the associated structures, and the maze of switches providing track connections, indicated that while the tracks could be moved, construction costs would be extremely high and rail operations during construction would be significantly disrupted.The original construction concept for the tunnels called for five phased relocation of the track and associated infrastructure. Apart fromthe tracks themselves, there were numerous crossovers and switches, each with related redundant controls and communications. The excavation required for this approach was to be more than 75ft deep and in same places would be no more than a few feet away from active tracks. In same instances the work would have to proceed between active tracks.When the qualifications for the design of section 9A (which included the tunnels beneath the railroad tracks) were submitted, Hatch Mott MacDonald, headquartered in Millburn, New Jersey, the specialist tunnel designer for the Maguire/Harris design team, suggested that tunnel jacking be considered. This technique had evolved from pipe jacking over the past 30 years or so, and the usual small-diameter circular section had gradually given way to rectangular sections of greater size that could be installed with very shallow cover in soft ground. At the time the tunnel jacking procedure was proposed for section 9A, the technique was untried in the United States on such a scale. It had been used in Europe, Asia, and Africa on numerous highway projects, but the complexity and scale of the Boston project dwarfed all previous applications.In principle, tunnel jacking requires that a tunnel be constructed on a jacking base, generally within an excavation to the rear of the position proposed for its service life. A shield is constructed at the front of the tunnel, and the entire tunnel structure is pushed into the ground using hydraulic jacks pushing from the rear of the tunnel. As the tunnel movesforward, soil ahead of the shield is excavated and brought into the tunnel for removal. When a given amount of soil has been removed ahead of the tunnel, the tunnel structure is again pushed forward-and the operation repeated until the tunnel has been moved forward to its final position. The process is simple in principle but not in practice. There are many elements of design that require careful consideration by the designer or modification by the contractor, among them the following:Selecting overall tunnel size in relation to highway geometry and installation tolerances (only straight boxes being suitable for jacking with all subtle alignment changes accommodated within the envelope);Providing sufficient clear construction space to build the tunnels;Providing the jacking force necessary to move the tunnels;Providing the jacking forces without overstressing or unacceptably moving the resisting structures;Controlling the ground at the tunnel face;Ensuring that the ground around the tunnel does not move along with the tunnel;Controlling ground settlement;Controlling the direction of the tunnel during installation;Formulating mitigation and contingency plans for all of the above.The design team recommended that this element of the project be handled only by contractors with experience and expertise in tunneljacking. Criteria for prequalification were developed, and only companies that met those criteria-or contracting groups that included such companies-were permitted to submit bids for the contract that include the jacked tunnels.In essence, the tunnel jacking operation involved the excavation of three very large, deep, open areas, or jacking pits, next to the railroad tracks. The excavations, among the largest ever undertaken in Boston, required the development of innovative wall and bracing systems. The project standards for internal bracing could not be used because they directed that internal bracing elements should be placed at least every 15 ft horizontally or every 12 ft vertically. As this project required that the tunnel sections be almost 40 ft high, it was necessary to design walls supporting excavation with much greater clear spans so that the tunnels would not be hindered in their passage by the bracing. The design team was able to achieve this by using extremely thick and stiff slurry walls and by carrying out ground improvements. As the designs progressed and more was learned about the behavior of the ground, the wall systems became less encumbered by internal (cross) bracing. Eventually, excavations more than 75 ft deep were carried out without any internal bracing whatsoever using T-shaped stiff walls formed from 3 ft thick slurry wall panels. In other areas, walls with only one level of internal bracing were used. The final wall systems appeared to be very simple, asindeed they were. However, the soft Boston blue clay at the bottom of the deepest pits was unable to support the base of the excavations and withstand base heave, and associated large internal wall movements at greater depths were predicted. To address this problem, a combination of deep, stiff wall structures and deep soil improvement by jet grouting was developed by the design team. The jet grouting was performed from the initial ground surface before the main walls had been constructed. The concept was to preinstall a 20 ft layer of improved and grouted ground beneath the base of the eventual lowest excavation level before any significant excavation. Once in place, this layer would prevent base heave and eliminate the tendency for the walls to move inward toward the excavation. Several hundred jet grout columns, each 6 ft in diameter, were installed so that they provided an interconnected grillage of improved ground. The grouting pressures were so high that they were actually pushing out the surrounding slurry walls! Movements of as much as 12in. were recorded in the walls, with associated ground movements at the nearby railroad tracks. To avoid these movements, the team developed several ways to relieve the grouting pressures while ensuring that the grouted ground had sufficient strength and stiffness to perform as required.The full size highway tunnel structures were then constructed in the open pits. the tunnel structures were typically 80ft wide and 40ft high andwere up to 370ft long. the largest tunnel, together with the equipment and excavated soil within it, weighed in excess of 35000tons.A cellular concrete shield was constructed at the front of each of the tunnels. This comprised a series of vertical columns at approximately 14ft centers with a single shelf at tunnel mid-height. The shield was originally intended to partially support the ground ahead of the tunnel and also to provide the working platform for excavation and the removal of obstructions. The outside of the shield perimeter took the form of a steel plate cutting edge designed to cut through the last few inches of ground as the tunnel was jacked forward.The ground through which the tunnels were to be jacked was so poor that, untreated, it would not have been stable at the tunnel face. it was therefore decided that the ground would be frozen to produce a solid material through which the tunnels could be mined, prevent groundwater flow, and facilitate the removal of the many obstruction of more than 2000 vertical steel pipes, which were drilled to depths reaching 70ft. chilled calcium chloride brine was then circulated through the pipes to freeze the ground. the pipes were installed at night so that there would be no effect on rail operations. the pipes, typically 4.5in. in diameter and closed at the end, were installed using sonic drilling methods. plastic inner pipes were then inserted within the steel pipes, and the system capped off with freeze heads to permit the delivery of the chilled brineinto and away from the pipe system so that the brine could circulate within the pipe.Once all of the pipes had been installed, groups of pipes were sequentially brought "online" in an attempt to limit any associated ground movements. As the ground froze, it expanded both vertically and horizontally. Vertical heave of the rail tracks was monitored daily using an array of more than 1500 monitoring points. Information from the monitoring was downloaded into an oracle database that had been developed to automatically reveal any track movements that were approaching preset limiting values. Detailed manual checks on track movements were also made. Although in some isolated locations total movement exceeded 12in., this was total movement, which was corrected over time so that any track movement tolerances were not exceeded. Regular meetings were held with all affected team members-client, railroad agencies, contractor, designers, and project managers-to review data from the track monitoring. Through this collaborative effort, all track maintenance work was carefully planned to ensure that differential movements were kept within fractions of an inch and that the operation of a witches would not be affected.The three tunnels were installed over several months, the average rate being 3ft per day. The total available jacking force for the largest tunnel exceeded 100 000 tons, although actual jacking loads for theindividual units were far less than this and were always within the design allowances. as the tunnels encountered the preinstalled freeze pipes, the earth was excavated around the pipes, and "thermic lances" (cutting tools operating at extremely high temperatures) were used to cut them into pieces small enough to be brought into the tunnel. Many other obstructions were encountered, including the colonial wharfs, hundreds of timber piles, and the foundations of the old industrial installations.The tunnel construction and installation work progressed efficiently, and rail operations were not affected at all .all three tunnels were successfully installed by the jacking process developed by the design team and wholeheartedly supported by the various organizations involved, including the client (Massachusetts turnpike authority),the federal highway administration, the management consultant, and the railroad agencies (Amtrak and the Massachusetts bay transit authority),as well as by the contractor and the engineering organizations supporting it. This cooperative effort made it possible for three full-size interstate highway tunnels-more than 770 ft in total length-to be jacked beneath an operating railway without having to move tracks, lower train speeds, or disrupt service. The innovations that figured prominently here included global ground freezing and a special antidrug system above and below the tunnels that relied upon a system of steel ropes. The tunnel jacking andassociated cut-and-cover tunnel sections were successfully completed in 2002, and the tunnel was opened to the public in January 2003.The big dig made demands on city residents and heightened the importance of public transportation in meeting the needs of commuters. By avoiding any interruption to railway services, the tunnel jacking became part of the solution. One of its major benefits was that it allowed overhead electrification of the railroad system to proceed concurrently with tunnel construction, thus helping to make rail service safer and more efficient. By jacking the tunnels beneath much of the shallow fill materials, these materials could be left in place, obviating the need to transport contaminated material through the city.The size, complexity, and innovation of the tunnel jacking have excited the interest and attracted the attention not only of engineers but also of the general public. the jacking required that the design and construction teams and the various highway and railroad agencies communicate well and work together effectively. This work has heightened public awareness of the advances that have been made in construction practices and has given the public a better understanding of how civil engineering maintains and improves the infrastructure, which is fundamental to our quality of life.。
