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四川省疾病预防控制中心关于印发《四川省消毒卫生监测技术方案(试行)》的通知各市、州疾病预防控制中心：为进一步贯彻《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》、《消毒管理办法》和《四川省消毒管理条例》,加强和规范我省消毒卫生质量监测工作,根据卫生部《全国疾病预防控制机构工作规范》、《消毒技术规范》、《医院感染管理办法》和四川省卫生厅“关于加强消毒卫生监测工作的通知”的要求,结合我省开展消毒卫生质量监测的工作经验,我中心组织专家研讨并广泛征求各方面意见,制定了《四川省消毒卫生监测技术方案(试行）》.现印发给你们，请各地按要求组织开展消毒质量监测工作．“方案"试行过程中有何意见或建议,请及时反馈我中心,以便进一步修订。
附件：《四川省消毒卫生监测技术方案(试行) 》二〇一〇年二月二十日四川省消毒卫生监测技术方案（试行)1。
目的规范我省的消毒卫生监测工作,为医疗卫生服务机构、计划生育服务机构、托幼机构、消毒产品质量和消毒服务机构的监督工作提供技术支撑,促进医疗卫生机构、计划生育服务机构、托幼机构感染性疾病预防控制工作。
2。
依据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》、《消毒管理办法》、《医院感染管理办法》、《全国疾病预防控制机构工作规范》、《四川省消毒管理条例》。
3.引用标准及技术规范《食(饮）具消毒卫生标准》(GB １4934－９４）《一次性使用卫生用品卫生标准》(ＧB 15９７９-20０2)《一次性使用医疗用品卫生标准》（GB 15980-1９95）《消毒与灭菌效果的评价方法与标准》(ＧB 15９８1—１995)《医院消毒卫生标准》（ＧB １5９８2—19９5）卫生部《消毒技术规范》（2０02年版）卫生部《内镜清洗消毒技术操作规范（2004年版）》卫生部《医疗机构口腔诊疗器械消毒技术操作规范《医院消毒供应中心第3部分:清洗消毒及灭菌效果监测标准》（WS 310.3—20０９）《血液净化标准操作规程（2０１0 版)》《医务人员手卫生规范》（WＳT ３1３－20０９)四川省卫生厅《四川省幼托机构消毒隔离工作常规》4。
电气时代的来临【课时达标】一、选择题1.右图所示杂志名称的由来与19世纪70年代开始的一次“革命”密切相关，这次“革命”是指( )A.第一次工业革命B.第二次工业革命C.第三次科技革命D.信息技术革命【解析】选B。
本题考查学生提取有效信息的能力。
题目中的重要信息是“19世纪70年代”“电气时代”。
19世纪70年代，电力逐步取代蒸汽，成为工厂机器的主要动力，人类历史进入了“电气时代”。
这次革命称为第二次工业革命。
2.第一次工业革命是英国“一枝独秀”的局面，第二次工业革命是各先进国家“遍地开花”的局面。
下列属于第二次工业革命内容的是( )①新能源的发现和应用②新机器和新产品的创制③新交通工具和通讯手段的应用④新设备的发明与应用A.①②③④B.①②③C.①③④D.②③④【解析】选A。
本题考查学生的识记能力。
19世纪下半期，西方主要资本主义国家的工业和科技领域出现了研究、探索和发明创造的新热潮，其中包括新能源的发现和应用、新机器和新产品的创制、新交通运输工具的出现以及远距离传递信息的新技术和新设备的发明与应用等。
3.一位科学家说：第二次工业革命以它为核心，它的广泛应用是第二次工业革命中的显著特点，它是人类迄今为止所能找到的“妙不可言的极为能干的新仆人”。
这里的“它”“新仆人”是指( )A.电力B.石油C.煤炭D.水力【解析】选A。
本题主要考查学生对知识的识记、分析能力。
第二次工业革命以电为核心，电力得到广泛应用，所以应选A。
【拓展延伸】电力的发明和广泛应用第一，理论基础，法拉第发现电磁感应现象，找到了打开电能宝库大门的钥匙；发电机和电动机的发明，使电力得以实际利用。
第二，电力具有传递速度快，传输损失小，能远距离输送并可以按用户需要分配能量的优点，它一经发现，便很快取代蒸汽力，成为工厂机器生产的主要动力。
第三，电的发明和广泛应用，给人们的生产和生活带来巨大变化，它促成一大批新的工业部门诞生，从根本上改变了资本主义生产的面貌。
供应商4M要素变更管理办法QXC-GL-WL16 1 目的与范围为预防外购件因非预期因素变化而导致供货质量波动，给公司造成质量损失，本文件对外购件供应商产品设计、生产制造等过程中可能影响产品质量的要素的变更进行了分级管控和规定。
以达到降低外购件品质风险、交付风险、法规风险及财务风险的目的。
本办法适用于JAC轻型商用车制造公司外购件供应商生产过程中的人、机、料、法、环等关键要素的变更（简称4M变更）管理，不适用于对江淮公司技术文件明示的标准的变更及JAC轻型商用车制造公司通知要求的变更。
2 术语定义2.1 4M变更指关键工序人员（man）变更、关键设备（machine）变更、材料（material）变更、工艺方法（method）、生产环境变更，以上变更原则上不会改变产品的设计输出要求和性能要求。
3 职责3.1 供应商管理部3.1.1 负责供应商4M变更的监控管理，内容包括变更申请的受理、现场审核的组织实施、验证样件的要货、合格供应商目录的调整及系统中供应商信息的变更维护等。
3.1.2 负责4M变更信息的传递，以及对违规变更供应商的考核。
3.1.3 负责变更产品CCC认证、环境标识及其它法规程序的申报及备案工作。
3.2 质量管理部3.2.1 负责变更产品尺寸检测及性能试验工作。
3.2.2负责组织变更产品的验证评审、装车跟踪工作，并输出验证结论。
3.2.3负责对供应商非预期变更实施质量损失索赔工作。
3.3 采购部3.3.1负责供方变更期间外购件供给保障工作，并依据变更结论，调整订单系统。
3.3.2负责按变更后的状态实施采购。
3.4 财务部负责依据变更结论，调整供方财务帐号、税号与名称。
4 管理内容4.1 轻型商用车制造公司根据4M变更要素对产品的供货、质量等方面的影响程度，实施备案、入检、审核三层等级管理模式。
具体参考附件1《供应商4M变更等级管理方案》执行。
4.2备案管理要求4.2.1对于归类为备案管理等级的变更，由供应商管理部组织对供方变更提交材料的完整性、真实性进行审核、备案。
电气时代的来临【课时达标】一、选择题1.右图所示杂志名称的由来与19世纪70年代开始的一次“革命”密切相关，这次“革命”是指( )A.第一次工业革命B.第二次工业革命C.第三次科技革命D.信息技术革命【解析】选B。
本题考查学生提取有效信息的能力。
题目中的重要信息是“19世纪70年代”“电气时代”。
19世纪70年代，电力逐步取代蒸汽，成为工厂机器的主要动力，人类历史进入了“电气时代”。
这次革命称为第二次工业革命。
2.第一次工业革命是英国“一枝独秀”的局面，第二次工业革命是各先进国家“遍地开花”的局面。
下列属于第二次工业革命内容的是( )①新能源的发现和应用②新机器和新产品的创制③新交通工具和通讯手段的应用④新设备的发明与应用A.①②③④B.①②③C.①③④D.②③④【解析】选A。
本题考查学生的识记能力。
19世纪下半期，西方主要资本主义国家的工业和科技领域出现了研究、探索和发明创造的新热潮，其中包括新能源的发现和应用、新机器和新产品的创制、新交通运输工具的出现以及远距离传递信息的新技术和新设备的发明与应用等。
3.一位科学家说：第二次工业革命以它为核心，它的广泛应用是第二次工业革命中的显著特点，它是人类迄今为止所能找到的“妙不可言的极为能干的新仆人”。
这里的“它”“新仆人”是指( )A.电力B.石油C.煤炭D.水力【解析】选A。
本题主要考查学生对知识的识记、分析能力。
第二次工业革命以电为核心，电力得到广泛应用，所以应选A。
【拓展延伸】电力的发明和广泛应用第一，理论基础，法拉第发现电磁感应现象，找到了打开电能宝库大门的钥匙；发电机和电动机的发明，使电力得以实际利用。
第二，电力具有传递速度快，传输损失小，能远距离输送并可以按用户需要分配能量的优点，它一经发现，便很快取代蒸汽力，成为工厂机器生产的主要动力。
第三，电的发明和广泛应用，给人们的生产和生活带来巨大变化，它促成一大批新的工业部门诞生，从根本上改变了资本主义生产的面貌。
3.17.6 手和皮肤黏膜消毒效果监测3.17.6.1 采样时间:在消毒后立即采样。
3.17.6.2 采样方法(1) 手的采样:被检人五指并拢，用浸有含相应中和剂的无菌洗脱液的棉拭子在双手指屈面从指根到指端往返涂擦2 次(一只手涂擦面积约30cm2)，并随之转动采样棉拭子，剪去操作者手接触部位，将棉拭子投入10ml 含相应中和剂的无菌洗脱液试管内，立即送检。
(2) 皮肤粘膜采样:用5cm×5cm的标准灭菌规格板，放在被检皮肤处，用浸有含相应中和剂的无菌洗脱液的棉拭子1 支，在规格板内横竖往返均匀涂擦各5 次，并随之转动棉拭子，剪去手接触部位后，将棉拭子投入10ml 含相应中和剂的无菌洗脱液的试管内，立即送检。
不规则的粘膜皮肤处可用棉拭子直接涂擦采样。
3.17.6.3 检测方法(1) 细菌总数检测:将采样管在混匀器上振荡20s或用力振打80 次，用无菌吸管吸取1.0ml 待检样品接种于灭菌平皿，每一样本接种2个平皿，内加入已溶化的45℃～48℃的营养琼脂15ml～18ml，边倾注边摇匀，待琼脂凝固，置36℃±1℃温箱培养48h，计数菌落数。
采样结果计算方法：平板上菌落数× 稀释倍数细菌总数(cfu/cm2)＝────────────────采样面积(cm2)(2) 致病菌检测:按3.17.15的原则执行。
3.17.6.4 结果判定(1) 消毒洗手Ⅰ、Ⅱ类区域工作人员：细菌总数≤5cfu/cm2，并未检出金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单孢菌为消毒合格。
Ⅲ类区域工作人员：细菌总数≤10cfu/cm2，并未检出金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌为消毒合格。
Ⅳ类区域工作人员：细菌总数≤15cfu/cm2，并未检出金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌为消毒合格。
母婴同室、婴儿室、新生儿室及儿科病房的工作人员手上，不得检出沙门菌、大肠杆菌、溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为消毒合格。
(2)皮肤黏膜:参照手的卫生学标准执行。
![uscar-2(中文第5版)-29[1].3.17](https://img.taocdn.com/s1/m/019f3f46a5e9856a57126004.png)
SCADA systemModern archiving, enhanced Security SIMATIC WinCC Open ArchitectureV3.17/wincc-open-architectureSIMATIC WinCC Open Architecture forms part of the SIMATIC product family and is designed for use in applications requiring a high degree of client-specific adaptability, large and/or complex applications and projects that require specific system functions. As a SIMATIC SCADA system it is well-prepared to connect to SIEMENS PLCs and to handle huge amounts of data even on smaller hardware solutions.Highlights S IMATIC WinCC Open Architecture:• O bject orientation facilitates efficiency in engineering and flexible system expansions• P ossibility to create single server solutions• S cales up to 2,048 servers within distributed systems • S calable up to networked redundant high-end systems with more than 10 million tags• V iew and control all servers via a central controlcenter• P latform-independent and available for Windows,Linux, iOS and Android• H ot Standby Redundancy and Disaster RecoverySystem guarantee highest reliability and availabilityeven for geographically distributed systems• P latform for customized solutions• C omprehensive range of drivers and connectivity:SIMATIC S7, PROFISAFE/PROFINET, MQTT, OPC UA,XML, Modbus, IEC 60870-5-101/104, DNP3,IEC 61850, IEC 61400, Ethernet/IP, S-Bus, MindSphere Connector, ...Supported operating systems• M icrosoft–W indows10(CB<SB)–W indows Server 2016–Windows Server 2019• L inux–R edHat Enterprise Linux 8.x–C entOS8.x–S USE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 15–S IEMENS Industrial OS 2.0• V Mware–E SXi6.5• S upported operating systems for mobile devices–iOS 12.3 or higher–Android 6 or higher New in SIMATIC WinCC Open Architecture V3.17 Next Generation ArchiverThe NGA opens up a new way of archiving through support of InfluxDB, a database optimized for time-series data. It has a smaller footprint and better performance in both reading and writing compared to previous archiving technology. No separate Oracle license is necessary. The same data can be archived into a local as well as a centra-lized database. This gives a distinct advantage over the classic RDB by introducing a new level of flexibility. Com-pared to the RDB, the NGA consumes 87% less storage and allows archiving of events and alarms without RAIMA.New license technologyWinCC OA V3.17 comes with completely new software licensing. With Wibu CodeMeter, customers can manage their licenses autonomously without requiring any interac-tion with the product vendor. It allows more flexibility in changing licensed software configurations. “CodeMeter WebDepot” is the web-based central license management for customers. There they can e.g. activate licenses for their target devices. It offers the ability to assign licenses either to a software container or a hard-ware dongle. Access is granted via a ticket the customer receives after purchasing the licenses.Locally, a new integrated service (CodeMeter Control Center) provides the user with an overview of all licenses currently assigned to the device.Next Generation Archiver2Node-RED integrationNode-Red is a Node.js based workflow engine whichlets the user create workflows in a visual editor. It pro-vides many useful pre-programmed nodes, e.g. for data exchange. WinCC OA provides a Node-RED contribution including a unique function node package for data access and transfer. The graphical editor reduces engineering effort and lets you extend your SCADA application even without programming knowledge. Never seen before new possibilities, such as e.g. importing data from ERP systems or connecting WinCC OA to internet services like weather information can be easily implemented.QT Web Engine SupportThe WinCC OA WebView EWO’s underlying browser engine was switched from Qt WebKit to Qt WebEngine. This yields a performance and enhanced feature range comparable to Chrome 68.ULC UX for mobile browserAdditional to the Mobile UI App, you can now use ULC UX on your mobile device without having to install anything. With new multitouch support, more efficient full screen mode and window handling, it is now better aligned with native UI functionality than before.PDF View EWOA new EWO allows displaying PDF files directly within WinCC OA, e.g. manuals and allows viewing additional information without leaving the WinCC OA context. MindSphere ConnectorMindSphere Connector is a north-bound interface for transferring data natively to the MindSphere cloud. A wi-zard helps you to easily onboard WinCC OA assets. You can freely select the data point elements you want to transfer and fully control the transmission process with a CTRL++ interface. The connector’s compatibility with MindApps means you can use WinCC OA data with such applications as “Performance Insight”. This efficient out-of-the-box solution for MindSphere connectivity enables hybrid solu-tions running on premise and in cloud operations.Easy adaption of know-how protected projects after commissioningEncrypted panels and CTRL scripts can be decrypted after commissioning, therefore enabling their changeability on customer side without losing know-how protection. JavaScript WebView EWO for ULC UXThe enhanced WebView widget for JavaScript allows bidirectional data transfer between WinCC OA and custom JavaScript implementations. It greatly enhances WinCC OA User Interface abilities with a widespread range of exis-ting libraries or customer-implemented JavaScript objects, which can be easily integrated – can also run locally on the client.New drivers, enhancements and updates• M QTT driver• PROFINET/PROFISAFE driver• O PC UA enhancements• M odbus enhancements• S tricter and more precise CTRL++ functionimplementation• S ecured online user switch• Q T version upgrade to V5.12Node-Red Screenshot34Object orientation • R eferencing of symbols and objects • I nheritance of structured data point types • O bject hierarchy • D irect mapping of data point types to objects • F lexible plant model - different views on the data model realizable Redundancy • H ot Standby • D isaster Recovery System (2x2 Redundancy)The aim of this feature is to extend the WinCC OA redundancy concept through a second Hot Standby System. The operability of the system nevertheless remains maintained on another system even in the event of a complete failure on the first Hot Standby System. Thus, the data loss and the idle time are kept as low as possible.• A utomatic client switch-over • A utomatic recovery • A utomatic process image and history synchronization • A utomatic synchronization of project data • R edundant networks (LAN)• R edundant peripheral component support (SIMATIC S7)• S plit mode operation for updates and testingParallel archivingThe parallel HDB and RDB archiving enables the storage of data into the local historical database and into thecentral Oracle database. The Next Generation Archiver can archive locally and centrally by itself. Both archiving meth-ods are compatible with the Disaster Recovery System, historical queries and archive compressions.Security • I EC 62443-4-2 certification started – stay tuned • B locking via IP-Blacklist • S ystem stability due to intrinsic safety • A utonomic systems • C ommunication (Standard: SSL encryption, Option: Secure)• N ew standard project with highest security setting • E ncryption of panels, scripts and libraries Maps WidgetFull integration of state-of-the-art cartographic informa-tion into WinCC OA, including OpenStreetMap. Possible integration of Web Map Service (WMS) and Google Maps (requires separate license from Google).User InterfacesField device or other connected systems like for example OPC UADisaster Recovery SystemNext Generation Archiver schematicVideoOffers the easy possibility to integrate IP-cams, IP-compo-nents which fulfill the ONVIF 2.0 standard and complete video management systems into WinCC OA. Due to the integration of SCADA and video management into one system, the interfaces can be reduced. The costs for training, maintenance and operation are also reduced to a minimum. To design a new video solution, you can use our basic package that already includes several useful fea-tures. Finalize the planning by simply adding the number of needed cameras to your project.The video feature is available for Linux, as well as for mo-bile apps; required platforms are minimum iOS 12.3or Android 6.*Trending 2.0Trend widgets for integration into customized screens and a trend application (Var-Trend) as a ready-to-use trend application.Supports:• O nline and historical values• V alue trend over time or value• T ime comparison trends• B ar trends 2D and 3D• Color and filling pattern for trend curves• D isplay of invalid values, alarm range and/or valuerange• M ultiple or shared scales, ruler, automatic legend• T ime resolution in ms, switch during runtime between local and UTC-time• Z oom / Unzoom of trend areasIOT SuiteThe SIMATIC WinCC Open Architecture IOT Suite is a brand-new Edge Computing System based on WinCC OA technology. Developed for brownfield applications, it provides the technology to retroactively digitalize existing plants with the aid of sensors and actuators. It combines reliable, industrial-grade hardware with proven software based on WinCC OA and intuitive apps for establishing connections, setting controllers, and displaying informa-tion.The solution is scalable for simple as well as complex automation applications and takes less than an hour to commission. Central distribution of software and updates works right out of the plant infrastructure, including fully automatic and time-controlled deployment.IOT Suite Highlights include:• P reprocessing data in real time• S treamlining communication• R eceiving updates automatically through connection to central repository (IOT-OPA)• E xtensions can be created easily by SIMATIC WinCC OA Partners• A ll required configurations can be implemented lo-cally directly at the IOT-Box or remotely via WinCC OA Desktop UI or Web UIReporting• W eb-based Reporting Interface (SOAP)–E clipse BIRT–C rystal Reports–S IMATIC Information Server–M icrosoft Excel–S everal templates for ECLIPSE BIRT and examplesfor SIMATIC Information Server• O nline values, history• C ompressed data, SQL, alarms• D iagnostics tools• A udit trailIOT Box Software* Will be available later in a patch5Architecture• Client-server-system• F unctional separation into several processes(managers)• L oad distribution on several computers• R edundancy (Hot Standby)• D isaster Recovery System• M ulti-server - distributed systems up to 2048 systems • H eterogeneous operating systems and versions• M ulti-monitor operation• M ulti-login on one workstation• M ulti-user system• E vent orientated process• I nternal message compression• S afety functions to increase reliability (overloaddetection and regulation, query restrictions)• V Mware (+Cluster) supportAlarm system• V DI 3699 / DIN 19235• F reely definable alarm classes with 255 differentpriorities and definition of alarm colors (blinking)• S tandard, discrete and multiinstance alarms• U p to 255 analog alarm ranges• Summary alarms• A utomatic filtering of alarms (handling of alarmfloods)• P anel hierarchy summary alarms• C ombined alarm- and event screen, alarm rowwith definable column set and colors and advanced sorting and filtering• S torable configurations• D irect access to the associated process window• C omments and attended values on alarms• S plit on warning areas and alarm areas• O nline change of alarm classes• S howing Alarms in the trendsProcess interfaces / drivers• E vent-driven or cyclic polling• S everal different drivers at the same time on oneserver• P eriphery time stamps• T CP/IP: SIMATIC S7, SIMATIC S7 Plus, MQTT, PROFINET/ PROFISAFE, TLS Gateway, Modbus, Ethernet/IP, SNMP Manager & Agent, BACnet• O PC UA: DA, AC, HA (Client & Server)• O PC: DA, AE, HDA (Client & Server)• T ele control / RTU: SSI, IEC 60870-5-101, -104,DNP3, SINAUT, IEC 61850/61400• O ver 25 drivers natively supported• A dditional drivers on request or with a C++ API Data model• O bject oriented data model with freely definable and easy configurable structure• M any standard objects included• M odeling of technological objects in any hierarchy • U ser definable tree structure• S everal different properties definable on elements • T ype-in-type(referencing)• I nheritance• G roups• G enerate different views on the data model Engineering environment• G raphical editor• P roject hierarchy editor (panel topology)• Project editor• D atabase editor• C ontrol programming editor, Script Wizards• M ass data engineering and ASCII in / out manager • I ntegration of external version management tools(CVS, SVN, …)• S imple symbols, EWOs, style sheets, color schemes (incl. Day/Night-Switch)• F ramework for engineering & application user inter-facesGraphical user interface• D rag & Drop• J avaScript• P latform neutral application• Z ooming / Panning• C luttering / Decluttering• R oot-, child- and embedded panel• M ulti-monitor operation• T rue color / synchronous blinking• U p to 8 picture layers• O nline tool tips (multilingual)• C onfigurable panel topology• G UI navigation objects• O nline switchable multi language support6• S upports the widely used graphical objects andwidgets also with comprehensive animation capabili-ties• S upport of external widgets• L ayout management “Responsive design“• M ultitouch support:zooming, panning, decluttering, safe two-hand operation and custom gestures• N avigation through panel hierarchy• A nimations: panel transition, object animations,animation groupsUser access• F ull user access security optional with integration into Windows Active Directory (Single Sign On)• V arious permission levels• C ommand protocol (Audit trail)• F DA 21 CFR Part 11 compliant• P lugin mechanism for external authentication systems like LDAP• IEC 62443-4-2 compliantUTF-8 for multi language supportAll Unicode characters can be represented in four bytes. Time zone handlingWinCC OA uses UTC time zone and allows to spread dis-tributed systems to different time zones.For successful connection to the system the time has to be synchronized between the servers.ArchivingComprehensive archiving options• Next Generation Archiver• Value archives as flat-file structure (HDB)• O RACLE archiving• P arallel archiving (Oracle, HDB)• D ata compression• C orrection values• L aboratory values• W eb-based reporting interface (SOAP)• R eporting templates based on Eclipse BIRT andSIMATIC Information Server Object libraries• W inCC OA standard object library• B ACnet object library• L ibrary of Basic Processes• B uild up your own libraries and reuse them Application programming / Scripting• I nterpreter with C-syntax (“Control” language)and multithreading support• O bject oriented aspects like classes• L ibraries and DLLs for customized extensions ofthe scripting language• D ebugger / diagnostic tools• S upports a lot of external interfaces, such as:database access, ADO, COM and XML, XML Parser,XML-RPC-Interface, UART- and TCP-access, WebSockets • C omplete access to attributes of graphical objects• K now-how protection (Panel- / script encryption)• A dditional Businesslogic via C++ or C# API• T IA Importer supporting TIA projects in VersionsV13 SP1, V14, V15Internet/Intranet• D esktop UI• M obile UI for iOS and Android• U ltralight Client ULX UX (HTML5)• m obile App WinCC OA Operator (iOS)• W ebserver, web alarm screen, diagnostics andreporting• S upports main security functions (HTTPS, SSL,Kerberos encryption, etc.)Certified standards• I EC 61508 (SIL3)• I EC 61850/61400 Client (KEMA/DNV GL)• O PC UA• P ROF INET/PROF ISAF E(Client)• B ACnet(B-OWS)7ETM professional control GmbHA Siemens CompanyMarktstrasse 37000 EisenstadtAustriaPhone: +43-2682-741-0www.etm.at***********Subject to changes 12/19Order No.: 6ZB5370-1EG02-0BA0-V4Dispo 26100BR 1219 0.5 EIS 8 EnPrinted in Austria© ETM professional control GmbHSecurity informationSiemens provides products and solutions with industrial security func-tions that support the secure operation of plants, systems, machines and networks.In order to protect plants, systems, machines and networks against cyber threats, it is necessary to implement – and continuously main-tain – a holistic, state-of-the-art industrial security concept. Siemens’ products and solutions only form one element of such a concept.Customer is responsible to prevent unauthorized access to its plants, systems, machines and networks. Systems, machines and compo-nents should only be connected to the enterprise network or the internet if and to the extent necessary and with appropriate security measures (e.g. use of firewalls and network segmentation) in place.Additionally, Siemens’ guidance on appropriate security measures should be taken into account. For more information about industrial security, please visit /industrialsecurity.Siemens’ products and solutions undergo continuous development to make them more secure. Siemens strongly recommends to apply product updates as soon as available and to always use the latest product versions. Use of product versions that are no longer sup-ported, and failure to apply latest updates may increase customer’s exposure to cyber threats.To stay informed about product updates, subscribe to the Siemens Industrial Security RSS Feed under/industrialsecurity.。
3.17 专业主干课程和主要专业课程的学业评价要求3.17 专业主干课程和主要专业课程的学业评价要求在大学教育中，专业主干课程和主要专业课程的学业评价要求是非常重要的。
这些课程是学生在特定专业领域内的核心课程，对于学生的专业知识和技能的培养起着至关重要的作用。
对于这些课程的学业评价要求需要更加严格和全面，以确保学生能够真正掌握和应用所学知识。
对于专业主干课程和主要专业课程的学业评价要求，应该包括对知识和理论的全面掌握。
这意味着学生需要通过课堂学习、作业和考试等多种方式，深入研究和理解所学的知识和理论。
在计算机科学专业的专业主干课程中，学生需要掌握程序设计、数据结构和算法分析等基础知识，并能够独立完成相应的编程作业和项目。
学业评价要求还应该包括对实践能力和创新能力的考量。
对于一些工程类、医学类或艺术类专业来说，实践能力和创新能力同样重要。
在这些专业的主要专业课程中，学生可能需要完成一些实验、实习或创作项目，并通过实际操作来展现他们所学的专业知识和技能。
建筑设计专业的学生可能需要完成一些实际的建筑设计项目，来展示他们的设计能力和创新思维。
学业评价要求还应该考虑到学生的综合能力和实际应用能力。
在现实工作环境中，专业知识和技能只是基础，综合能力和实际应用能力同样重要。
在专业主干课程和主要专业课程的学业评价中，学生可能需要完成一些综合性的项目或案例分析，来检验他们的分析能力、解决问题的能力以及团队合作能力。
在市场营销专业的主要专业课程中，学生可能需要参与一些真实的市场调研或营销策划项目，来综合运用他们所学的营销知识和技能。
对于专业主干课程和主要专业课程的学业评价要求，应该还要考虑到对学生终身学习能力和社会责任感的培养。
在这个时代，知识更新迅速，学生需要具备自主学习的能力，并能够适应未来的职业发展。
学业评价应该更加注重对学生的终身学习能力、团队协作能力以及社会责任感的培养。
这意味着，学生在学习专业主干课程和主要专业课程时，应该注重自主学习和团队合作，并关注课程对社会的影响和实际应用。
