大学跨文化英语 综合教程I Unit7 Reflecting on Parenting 语言点

Reading & ReflectionOveremphasis on IndependenceEun Y. Kim1 During a vacation to Hawaii, my husband and I noticed an elderly man struggling to push a cartful of groceries. It was hot and humid, and he looked very tired and feeble.I was reminded of my father back in Korea.We cautiously approached the man and politely asked whether he needed any help. He responded rather angrily, “Do I look so weak that I can’t care for myself?” An American friend of mine had a similar experience. He went to a two-day business conference, and at the airport he ran into a woman who had attended the same conference. She was petite and was carrying heavy luggage, so he asked whether he could help her. She quite defensively and decisively stated, “I can do it myself.” Te guiding principle of many Americans is “I’ll do my thing, and you do yours.”2 Although I admire Americans’self-reliance and self-help attitude,their overemphasis on independence causes unnecessary fuss over basic issues, from how to raise a child to how to retire. As soon as my son was four months old, people suggested that he sleep in his own bedroom. They also suggested that I leave him alone at night and ignore him if he cried.In many families in Asia, young couples can afford only a one-bedroom residence. They don’t have the luxury of giving a baby their own room, and even if they do, most don’t want to leave their babies alone. It would be interesting to study whether babies learn to be independent because they are left alone in their own bedrooms and not given attention when they cry.3 From an Asian point of view, Americans’ individualism is an attempt to deny a natural social structure that exists among humankind. Some people who are obviously in need of help do not ask for it out of fear of being labeled as too dependent. A former professor who was suffering from cancer confessed that his biggest challenge was asking for help. He had been independent all his life. His children had an image of him as an independent man, and he didn’t want that to change. I can fully empathize with the man, because I used to be like him. But I came to learn that interdependence could enrich my life in serendipitous ways.4 My willingness to depend on others helped me make great friends.I could not afford a car in my early years of graduate school. Being independent, I tried to take city buses and school shuttles to go to church,to shop for groceries, or to attend meetings. Gradually when friends offered me a ride home, I began to take them up on their offers. Occasionally,I invited them over for homemade Korean meals, which they gladly accepted, giving us more opportunities to develop a friendship. In this way,we slowly became close friends.5 Willingness to accept others’ help can also benefit those who offer the help. Mary White, a sociologist at Boston University, states that allowing ourselves to be nurtured confers value on the caretaker by giving that person an opportunity to display the valued skill of nurturing. Besides,people who give help become more interested in the people they help.Even within a family, interdependence brings family members closer together, whereas independence can create a sense of self-righteousness and distance. Also, independent people tend to be less sympathetic toward those who need help. InAfrica, there is a saying that men become men through other men.6 In international business, letting go of pride and asking for help can improve negotiations. One of the mistakes Americans make in negotiating with Asians is that they often present themselves as proud and strong who can do anything. They act as if they can survive and conquer alone. But if they were willing to let go of some of their independence, they could develop allies instead of enemies. An American lawyer who lived and worked in Japan said that when he shared his worry about specific contract terms and conditions with the Japanese, many of them were more than willing to help him. Another American businessman talked about reaching a deadlock in a negotiation session with some Korean partners. When the two sides took a break, he said to one of his Korean partners, “You hold my destiny in your hand.” And he meant it. After the break, the Korean negotiators were much more gentle and agreeable, and he learnt that sharing his feelings was his best negotiation strategy.7 Admitting that we need help does not mean admitting weakness.Rather it displays the strength to acknowledge that we need the resources around us. As an Asian saying goes, “If you share your happiness, it will be doubled. If you share your unhappiness, it will be halved.”参考译文过分强调独立金恩英在夏威夷度假期间，我和我丈夫注意到一位年长的男士正费力地推着满满的一车货物。

Unit 7ArchitectureObjectivesStudents will be able to:1.Grasp the main idea (that the leaning tower of Pisa has been corrected a little.) and structure of the text (introduction of the topic by information about Pisa tower; development of the idea by illustration; conclusion of the article by a statement);2.Appreciate how the author develops the idea by contrast;3.Acquire the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4.Participate in a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.Suggested Teaching StepsLead-inText A➢Detailed Study➢Structure StudyAfter-readingAdditional MaterialsLead-inDirections: Please watch the video clip and answer the questions.1. What problems can the vertical dome in Shanghai help to solve?Population density; make the best use of the limited land to accommodate as many people as possible; Shanghai is one of the most populous cities of the world, with 24 million people.2. What challenges does Shanghai Tower face? How are they soled?The taller is the structure, the more it challenges Mother Nature. Each summer, a typhoon blasts the city, and Shanghai Tower becomes the target. By twisting the outer skin 120 degrees, the wind safely glides around the tower.Text A The Leaning Tower of Pisa1.The tower in Pisa, Italy, is famous simply because it leans. It was closed to the public in 1990, after fears that an entire busload of tourists at the top would be enough to make it fall. Eleven years later, the lean has been corrected a little, but not entirely. Although the tower is famous because it leans, it is an outstanding example of Romanesque architecture, and would probably be famous, even if it didn't lean. It stands 187 feet high and until 1990 was leaning over at about a 10-degree angle, the top being 17 feet further over than was originally intended. It was estimated that the lean was increasing by one inch every 20 years.2.In 1172, a wealthy widow left sixty coins in her will to buy stones to begin the construction of the tower. It is a bell tower to accompany the cathedral that it stands next to. It isn't quite clear who the actual designer was, but construction was begun on August 9, 1173. Due to the fact that the people of Pisa were involved in a lot of wars, with several stops to fight, it took until 1350 to complete the building. The tower is circular, and made up of eight floors of limestone and limemortar covered on the outside with marble. The outside of each level has columns and arches. There is a staircase of 293 steps leading up from the ground to the eighth floor: the steps are built between an inner wall and the outer walls. The eighth floor contains the bells, seven in all. The first stage was the building of the first three floors; this began in 1173 and stopped in 1178, when Pisa was at war. Construction began again in 1275 under an architect called Giovanni di Simone. He built the next three floors, and again work was halted until 1319. The final two floors were added between 1319 and 1350.3. Only 5 years after work on the building began, it was leaning noticeably to the North. The lean was first noticed during construction of the third floor. During the building of the next three floors, the lean was corrected by building the floors parallel to the ground, and not level with the leaning building. During this phase the tower started to lean the other way. Now it was leaning to the South. The tower is built on unsuitable ground for such a heavy and tall building. It is only about 6 feet above sea level and built on a riverbed. The underlying ground is made up of layers of sand and clay. The layers are not even and the weight of the building has compressed them. Because the layers are not even, as the ground has compressed, it has sunk more in some places than others.4. The fact that it took such a long time to build may be the main reason it hasn't fallen. Between the periods of construction, the ground had time to settle and become compacted, making the foundations stronger. Another important factor is the material it is built from; the limestone and lime mortar are able to bend and resist the forces that would make other, more brittle rocks, crack.5. Several plans have been tried over the years to stop the tower from falling. Some of them have been almost disastrous. In 1934 an Italian engineer drilled 361 holes into the base and filled them with mortar. The tower promptly leaned over some more. In 1993, 650 tons of lead were hung from the North side of the building to try and stop the lean increasing. For a while it worked. In 1995, they decided to try and increase the foundations under the South side of the building. They froze the ground using liquid nitrogen, to stop it moving, and then started to remove stones, so they could insert metal rods. What they didn't know was that the stones they were removing were part of the original foundation of the building. That is the nearest the tower has come to disaster. In one night the lean increased as much as it normally increases in two years. They quickly added another 250 tons of lead and decided to rethink the whole thing.6. At this point everyone was just about ready to give up. Then a British engineering professor came up with yet another idea. His plan was to remove ground from under the high side, instead of trying to add ground under the low side. In 1999 work began, and was done very slowly, so that the building wouldn't get a sudden shock. At the beginning of June 2001, the work was complete, and the tower had been straightened up by about 16 inches, which returns it to the position it held in 1838. The engineers believe that it is safe for at least another 300 years. So, if they know how, why didn't they just straighten it up all the way? The answer lies in the tower's name. It is the Leaning Tower of Pisa and just wouldn't be the same if it didn't lean! Some of the residents of Pisa say it would be better to let it fall down, rather than to straighten it all the way.Detailed Study1)(Para. 1) It was closed to the public in1990, after fears that an entire busload of tourists at the top would be enough to make it fall: With worries that a large number of tourists standing at the top might make the tower collapse, the tower was closed to the public in 1990.【译文】由于担心一车的游客站在塔顶就会使它倒塌，该塔于1990年停止对游人开放。

Panda DadAlan Paul1 I have watched the news about the Tiger Mom debate with growing annoyance, and one simple question remains unasked:Where are the dads?2 I am a father of three who has been an active parent for years,thanks to my wife’s demanding career and my own flexible job. I refuse to believe that all Chinese mothers are tigers.3 When my kids were very young, we moved to Beijing. My time in China gives me an unusual insight into what author Amy Chua claims to be the best way of parenting and also “the Chinese way.”4 During our first weeks in Beijing, we attended a talent show at our children’s British school and watched Chinese students perform musicals, while their Western classmates simply sang the ABCs. It was enough to make anyone ponder the way we are raising our kids.5 But time in China also taught me that there are many questions about the Chinese education system, such as lack of creativity and innovation. Further,having seen a “Tiger” in action, I do not believe it is the best way to raise independent, competent and confident adults.6 Call me the Panda Dad; I am happy to parent with love, but not afraid to show some claw. Tough I have had primary child-care duties, I too have always worked, sometimes juggling demanding deadlines and a busy family schedule.It has also been a plus for our children to be independent and see their parents working while also being very involved in one another’s lives.7 Generally speaking, moms tend to be more detail-oriented, and order driven, while dads often care less about the mess, and can live with a bit more chaos. If my wife and I switched positions, life would certainly be more orderly. But she accepts my style of parenting because I am in charge of the day-to-day stuff while she is working.8 Kids raised with more independence have an opportunity to develop their own personalities and interests. Our home is like a university where you can get a great education but you have to do your own work. A typical night is: one kid has a big project due, another has a school play, the third has soccer practice;mom is working late because there is a problem at work; and I am trying to organize all and put the kids to bed before starting my projects.9 It’s not the hyper-orderly household that Amy Chua portrays, but the kids are constantly learning to take responsibility for their own homework, play time and everything else. Doing so allows them to take genuine pride in their accomplishments. They need to succeed for their own benefit, not to prove that their parents are successful.10 Living in Beijing, I watched Western and African kids running and playing in the streets while their Chinese classmates spent long hours practicing the violin, piano or Chinese writing. When they were done, they picked up an iPad to play video games. It looked like a sad, lonesome way to grow up and nothing I would want in my children. And of course it’s not the only style of Chinese parenting, but just what I observed.11 It’s easy to understand the Chi nese drive for perfection in children: it is a huge nation with a long history of people thriving, while in modern America there is a sensethat our nation is becoming flat and that people are not trying to better themselves.12 It’s understandable to dem and perfection, but it is wrong to force a child to constantly adapt to your standards and to be overprotective. Also not allowing play time or sleeping at friends’ houses brings on more isolation. T his will deny them the ability to make friends and interact. These are the very skills that kids should learn for success as a functioning adult. They are far more important than being able to play the piano. Kids need more unstructured play, not less.13 Sleepovers help children learn to sleep anywhere, in any bed, and with any pillow. They learn the life of their friends and have the chance to play more with friends.14 I, Panda Dad, suggest that you change your way of thinking that you can pick your children’s friends, interests and musical passions. T herefore, they will grow up to be highly functioning, independent, self-confident young Chinese boys or girls.15 And so will society.熊猫爸艾伦•保罗有关“虎妈”论战的新闻，我是越看越恼火，而且，有一个很简单的问题一直没有提及：爸爸们在哪呢？我是三个孩子的父亲。

大学英语综合教程1课文翻译第七单元史密斯先生被认为是一位十分开明的人，除了别的之外，他还认为在法律面前人人平等。

Mr. Smith was viewed as a very liberal person who believed, among other things, that all men were equal under the law. 他获奖并非偶然；他的成功来自艰苦的训练。

It is not by chance that he won the prize; his success comes from his hard training.老师跟白人孩子们谈了很多，试图使他们相信人人生而平等，但在最初几个星期里，似乎没有多少效果。

The teacher talked a lot with the white kids, trying to convince them that all men are created equal, but nothing much came of it in the first few weeks.因为我刚来到这所学校，所以有一段时间我感到孤独，也没有朋友。

As I was a newcomer to that school, I felt lonely and friendless for a time.伟明日复一日坚持与威尔逊夫人进行交谈，他的英语口语变得越来越流利，越来越自然。

Day after day Wei Ming kept talking with Mrs. Wilson, and his oral English became more and more fluent and natural.尽管在最初那几个星期一些孩子对我很不客气，一个白人小姑娘却特别友好。

Whereas some of the kids were quite nasty during those first few weeks, a little white girl was especially friendly to me.我后来才知道那位看起来又老又满脸皱纹的人才45岁左右。

Text AReading & DigestingTiger MotherAmy Chua1 A lot of people wonder how Chinese parents raise successful kids.The fact is that Chinese parents do things that seem unimaginable to Westerners. I think there are three big differences between the Chinese and Western parenting.2 First, I’ve noticed that Western parents are extremely anxious about their children’s self-esteem. Chinese parents aren’t. T hey assume strength,not fragility, and as a result they behave very differently.3 For example, if a child comes home with an A– on a test, a Western parent will most likely praise the child. The Chinese mother will gasp in horror and ask what went wrong. If the child comes home with a B on the test, some Western parents will still praise the child. If a Chinese child gets a B, parents would be screaming. Te angered Chinese mother would then get dozens of practice tests and work through them with her child for as long as it takes to get the grade up to an A.4 Chinese parents demand perfect grades because they believe that their child can get them. If their child doesn’t get them, the Chinese parent assumes it’s because the child didn’t work hard enough. That’s why the solution to it is always to punish and shame the child.5 Second, Chinese parents believe that their kids owe them everything.The reason for this is a little unclear, but it’s probably a combination of Confucian filial piety3 and the fact that the parents have sacrificed and done so much for their children. The understanding is that Chinese children must repay their parents by obeying them and making them proud.6 My husband once said, “Children don’t choose their parents or even choose to be born. So it’s the parents’ responsibility to provide for them.Kids don’t owe their parents a nything.” T his strikes me as an unfair deal for the Western parents.7 Third, Chinese parents believe that they know what is best for their children and therefore override all of their children’s own desires and preferences. It’s not that Chinese parents don’t care about their children;instead, it’s just an entirely di fferent parenting style.8 For example, Lulu was about 7, working on a piano piece by a famous French composer. Te piece is really cute, but it’s also incredibly dif ficult for young players because the two hands have to keep different rhythms.9 Lulu couldn’t do it. She worked on it nonstop for a week, but whenever she tried putting her hands together, one always hit into the other, and everything fell apart. Finally, the day before her lesson, Lulu announced that she was giving up and stomped off.10 “Get back to the piano now,” I ordered.11 “You can’t make me.”12 “Oh yes, I can.” I said.13 Lulu got angry and grabbed the music score and tore it up. So then I decided to make a deal with her. If she didn’t have Te Little White Donkey perfect by the next day,I told her I would sell her toys. When she still kept playing the music wrong, I told her she was purposely working herself into a frenzy because she was secretly afraid she couldn’t do it. I told her to stop being lazy and cowardly.14 My husband saw what I was doing and told me to stop insulting Lulu. I felt I was just motivating her but he thought threatening Lulu was unhelpful. Also, he said, maybe Lulu really just could n’t do the technique.Maybe he was right, but I had my way.15 I went back to Lulu and continued to push her. I lost my voice yelling,but still there seemed to be only negative progress, and even I began to have doubts.16 Then, out of the blue, Lulu did it. Her hands suddenly came together— her right and left hands each doing their own thing.17 Lulu realized it the same time I did. I held my breath. She tried it again. Then she played it more confidently and faster, and still the rhythm held. A moment later, she was beaming.18 “Mommy, look —it’s easy!” Af ter that, she wanted to play the piece over and over and wouldn’t leave the piano. Tat night, she came to sleep in my bed and we joked about the progress.19 Western parents worry a lot about their children’s self-esteem. But as a parent, one of the worst things you can do for your child’s self-esteem is to let them give up. Yet, there’s nothing better than learning you can do something you thought you couldn’t.20 Western parents try to res pect their children’s individuality, encouraging them to pursue their true passions, supporting their choices, and providing positive nurturing environment. By contrast, the Chinese believe that the best way is preparing them for the future and letting them see what they’re capable of. All parents want to do what’s best for their children. The Chinese just have a totally different idea of how to do that.参考译文虎妈蔡美儿许多人对于中国父母如何培养出优秀的子女充满好奇。

跨文化交际英语教程课后答案【篇一：新编跨文化交际英语教程_参考答案unit 6】ture and nonverbal communicationreading ian overview of nonverbal communicationcomprehension questions1. can you speak each of the following sentences in different ways to mean differently?1) she is my best friend.2) you?ve done really good job.3) come here, please.4) that?s all right.speaking the same sentence with the stress on different words may mean different things. for instance, if the stress falls on “she” in the first sente nce, it means it is she, not you or somebody else, that is my best friend. but if the stress falls on “my”, it implies that she is my, not your or somebody?s best friend.2. speakers of british english use loudness only when they are angry, speakers of indian english use it to get the floor, a chance to speak. so when an indian speaker is trying to get the floor, what would the british speaker think of the indian and what would the british behave in response?the british speaker may think that the indian gets angry with him or behaves rudely towards him, so he may complain about the indian?s rudeness or even return his rudeness as a response.3. what differences in body language use have you noticed between your chinese teachers and foreign teachers?there are really some differences between chinese teachers and foreign teachers in their use of body language. for instance, chinese teachers in general do not use gestures as much as foreign teachers do, and their facial expressions often seem to be less varied than those of many foreign teachers.4. do you know any gestures we often use that might be misunderstood by people from other cultures?for example, the way we chinese motion to others to come over might be misunderstood by people from some western countries to mean bye-bye.5. how do we chinese people use eye contact in communication?during a conversation between two chinese, it seems that the speaker and the hearer would usually look at each other (not necessarily in the eye) from time to time. how much eye-contact there is may depend on the relationship between the speaker and hearer and the situation they find themselves in.6. how will you eye them when you are communicating with people from the united states or people from japan?while talking with americans, we should look directly into the eyes of the person with whom we are talking. however; while talking with japanese, we are not expected to look at them in the eye but at a position around the adam?s apple.7. do you often smile at others? why or why not?it depends. for instance, it seems that we chinese, as well as people of other eastern asian countries, do not usually smile at strangers as much as americans.8. what function(s) may laughter serve in our culture? does it sometimes cause intercultural misunderstanding?laughter in our culture may serve various functions. sometimes, it is used to express amusement or ridicule, and sometimes it is simply used to make one feel less embarrassed.9. do you often touch others while talking with them? whom do you touch more than others?we chinese generally do not often touch others while talking with them unless they are our intimate friends or younger children.10. in small groups or in pairs, demonstrate all the possible ways you can think of to greet another person. is touching always part of a greeting?no. touching is not always part of a greeting in our culture as in some other cultures.11. will you apologize if you accidentally touch other people in public places? why or why not?many people will apologize if they accidentally touch other people in public places since in our culture people who arestrangers to each other should not touch. however, whether people will apologize or not depends on the situations. if a person accidentally touches a stranger in a very crowded place, he or she may not apologize for it.reading iigender and nonverbal communicationcomprehension questions1. what may often happen to those who do not conform to their culture?s accepted gender “script”?there are often severe social penalties for those who act in violation of their culture?s accepted gender ―script.2. does touch have any connotation in different situations? can you give some specific examples?touch, like physical closeness, may be considered an expression of affection, support, or sexual attraction. for instance, in some cultures, it may be all right for women friends and relatives to walk arm-in-arm, dance together, and hug one another, but if men do so, they may be frowned upon, for it would be considered as having the connotation of being homosexual.3. what will possibly happen to a woman who is appreciably taller than the man?taller women may attempt to diminish themselves, to slouch and round their shoulders so as to retreat or to occupy as little space as possible.4. are men and women required to have the same facial expressions? does smile mean the same things to both men and women?men and women are not usually required to have the same facial expressions. smile may mean different things to men and women. for females smile functions as an expression of pleasure, pleasantness, or a desire for approval, while males may resist any nonverbal display of expression to others in order to appear more masculine, because being facially expressive is often seen as a marker of ―femininity.5. why are the african-american women less deferential than white women and less inclined to smile?african-american women are found to be less deferential than white women and, therefore, less inclined to smile, simply because it is expected of them to be so in their culture.6. in what ways may direct eye contact between individuals be interpreted?looking directly into another person?s eyes can connote an aggressive threat, a sexual invitation, or a desire for honest and open communication.7. what was found in a study of nonverbal communication among hispanic couples? in a study of nonverbal communication among hispanic couples, it was found that many puerto rican wives never looked directly at their husbands.8. how does clothing manifest and promote cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity?through clothing and make-up, the body is more or less marked, constituted as an appropriate, or, as the case may be, inappropriate body for its cultural requirements. males and females have to dress themselves appropriately according to their cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity.case studycase 21sometimes our best intentions can lead to breakdowns (故障) in cross-cultural communication. for example, one of the very common manners of touching --- handshaking --- may result in conflict when performed with no consideration of cultural differences. among middle-class north american men, it is customary to shake hands as a gesture of friendship. when wanting to communicate extra friendliness, a male in the united states may, while shaking hands, grasp with his left hand his friend?s right arm. however, to people of middle eastern countries, the left hand is profane (亵渎的) and touching someone with it is highly offensive. therefore, in vernon?s eyes, kenneth was actually an extremely offensive message to him.case 22in puerto rican culture, as in some other latin american and eastern cultures, it is not right for a child to keep an eye-contact with an adult who is accusing him or her, while in the united states, failing of meeting other person?s eye accusing him or her would be taken as a sign of guiltiness. as the principal knew little about this cultural difference in using eye-contact, he decided that the girl must be guilty. generallyspeaking, avoiding eye-contact with the other(s) is often considered as an insult in some cultures, but may signify respect for authority and obedience in other cultures.case 23just like smile, laughing does not always serve the same function in different cultures.interestingly, for us chinese, laughing often has a special function on some tense social occasions. people may laugh to release the tension or embarrassment, to express their concern about you, their intention to put you at ease or to help you come out of the embarrassment. in this case, the people there were actually wishing to laugh with the american rather than laugh at her. their laughing seemed to convey a number of messages: don?t take it so seriously; laugh it off, it?s nothing; such things can happen to any of us, etc. unfortunately the american was unaware of this. she thought they were laughing at her, which made her feel more badly and angry, for in her culture laughing on such an occasion would be interpreted as an insulting response, humiliating and negative.case 24it is obvious that there exists some difference between the british and germans in their use of touch. the lack of touch that seems to be natural in britain may be considered strange by germans. what is required (in this case, shaking hands with each other) in one country could be taken as unnecessary in another.the appropriateness of contact between people varies from country to country. figures from a study offer some interesting insight into this matter. pairs of individuals sitting and chatting in college shops in different countries were observed for at least one hour each. the number of times that either one touched the other in that one hour was recorded, as follows: in london, 0; in florida, 2; in paris, 10; in puerto rico, 180. these figures indicate that touch is used very differently in different cultures.【篇二：新编跨文化交际英语教程答案详解】很显然，文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了，这迫切要求我们共同努力，去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们，并与之和睦相处。

Text AReading Comprehension2. 1)T 2)F 3)F 4)T 5)T3. 1)B 2)B 3)A 4)A 5)BLanguage Practice1. 1) volunteer译文：西麦西亚警局希望有更多的人能自愿配合当地警察的工作。

2) dignity译文：在中国，传统上年长者受人尊重，享有尊严。

3) pose译文：中国的发展不会阻碍任何其他国家的发展，也不会对任何国家造成威胁。

4) emerge译文：然而，当我们看得更深入一些的时候，问题就开始出现了。

5) core译文：最终两家公司决定使用这种技术，但仅限于他们的核心市场。

6) identify译文：我们大多数人都来自崇尚谦虚的文化，如果没有外部的帮助，我们就很难认识到自己的长处。

7) devoted译文：约翰是一位尽心尽职的员工。

无论你什么时候见到他，他都在埋头工作。

8) productive译文：开始一天的工作之前，进行规划和安排会让这一天更加富有成效，这是毫无疑问的。

9) commitment译文：我想对所有队员的投入表示感谢。

10) issue译文：公司将按计划于下个月发行新的股票。

11) ultimately译文：人们总是会给你建议，尽管最终你还是要做出自己的判断。

12) apply译文：我们为学生提供机会，让他们把课堂所学用于实践。

13) implement译文：领导力是执行变革的能力。

14) enhance译文：中国和欧盟同意加强合作，以应对诸如空气、水和土壤污染等方面的重要环境问题。

15) on average译文：平均来看，全球大约只有19%的人上完厕所后用香皂洗手。

2. 1) B 2) C 3) A 4) C 5) D 6) C 7)B 8) B 9) D 10) A3. 1) on build on 在原有的基础上增加2) to apply to 把……应用于3) on on average 平均来看4) up bring up 提出5) with conflict with与……冲突4. 1) enjoyable 愉快的2) attractive 吸引人的3) creative 有创造性的4) emerging 新兴的5) remarkable 引人注目的6) competitive 具有竞争力的7) countless 无数的8) respectful 彬彬有礼的5. 注解：本次语法练习主要关注被动语态的三种形式，即情态动词、完成时和进行时的被动语态。

Unit 7 Cultures across bordersLearning objectives:✧talk about cultural exchange using new vocabulary✧use transitional signals for contrast in writing✧introduce the cultural legacy of the ancient Silk Road✧describe Zheng He and his expeditions in the Ming dynasty✧make a presentation on the Belt and Road InitiativeProject forecast:By the end of this unit, you are going to make a presentation at the seminar on the theme of the Belt and Road Initiative. What do you know about the legacy of the ancient Silk Road? How much do you know about Zheng He’s expeditions? Can you find the appropriate words to express your ideas? To complete the task better, you need to carry out the following tasks:1. Understanding the texts.1) Read the text in iExplore 1, and answer the following questions:➢What are the historical background of the Silk Road?➢What are the features and significances of the Silk Road?2) Read the text in iExplore 2, and answer the following questions:➢Make a brief biography of Zheng He.➢What are the significances of Zheng He’s voyages?2.Building your language.1)Scan the QR code on page 154 to learn about the usage of past participlesbeing adjectives to modify nouns. Try to find more words concerning this issue.2)Scan the QR code on page 16 to learn about the suffixes that can be usedin the creation of agent nouns that identify the person performing an action.3)Scan the QR code on page 154 to learn about the structure led by “Given(that)…”4)Complete the exercises on page 153-155 and 160-162.3. Sharpening your skills.1) Try to find as many transitional signals for contrast as possible and learntheir usage.2) Scan the QR code on page 162 to learn about the translation skill—translation of attributive clauses. Then do the translation exercises on page 162 and find out how the attributive clauses are translated in your translation.。