新融合大学英语综合教程4-Unit 4 答案

Unit 1 lexf OrganizationII. More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vastareas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/ homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but heturned a deaf ear to all mywords.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how herfragile body could withstand the harsh weather.- 90 - Appendix IIII. Usage1)But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciategood health.2)A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anythingabout it.3)It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work1)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned,especially if you fall asleep.4)In those days people believed in marrying young and having childrenearly.5)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.■Structure1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by30 percent.2)To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before itcollapsed.3)To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.4)We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you duringthe coming Christmas.2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.2)By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vastareas north of the Yangtze River.3)Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but cameto live in the UnitedStates at the age offour. ■4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through theUnited States forabout 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion 3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign 9. reckon with2. s tand in the way 4. c atching... off his guard6. d eclaration8. d rag on10. b ringing...to aAppendix I - 91-(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1.Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumnharvest in on the farm.2.We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the mostsophisticated weapons.3.Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is gettingincreasingly desperate.4.Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate inhis judgment.5.Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, thevillage neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over.Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle.The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III TextBComprehension Check 1. d3. b.-2.d 4.- 92 - Appendix ITranslation(#JE Appendix III)Language Practice1. boast2. obstacles3. was concerned4. call ...off■5. paid off6. was pinneddown7. are contesting 8. prior to9. holdout 10. objective11. responsible for 12. in case13. favorable 14. due to15. on the eve of 16. cancel17. complications 18. stiff19. withstand 20. absentPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing:____________ I t was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had nohesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy._____ √____ E isenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:"... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration.Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face.He said briskly, 'well, we'll go."Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms ofAppendix I - 98-disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154 words)Unit 2Text org. Ex. 2 On P381. Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act;2. They can eliminate most of car accidents3. They can alert the police and provide precise location of your car if stolen4. They can monitor one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby;5. They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;6. They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams. Language Sense Enhancement on P 38-391) cure 2) impact 3) orbiting4) warn of 5) location 6) At any given time7)vibrate 8) detected 9) calculate 10) convertedI. Vocabulary: Ex.1 on P41-421.expansion2. automated3. vapor4. take control of5. hazards6. satellite7.vibrated8.magnetic9. bunched 10. in the air 11. got stuck in 12.approximately Vocabulary: Ex.2 on P421. send out2. stand up for3. pass for4. were closing in on5. starting up6. went through7. fill out8. fall intoVocabulary: Ex.3 on P431) incorporates all the latest safety features.2) two trees ten feet apart.3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make thecars.5) are correlated in all racial groups.Vocabulary: Ex.4 on P431) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word Formation on P45Kilogram Medical careMemorandum Electronic mailGymnasium Communications satelliteLiberation News broadcastDoctor Sky hijackVeterinarian European dollarPreparatory Breakfast and lunchAutomobile Television broadcastinfluenza Oxford and Cambridge---------------------------------------III. Usage on P45-461) swimming pool2 ) drawing board3 ) enriched Middle English4 ) disturbing change5 ) fully developed prototype6 ) Canned foods7 ) working population8 ) puzzling differencesComprehensive Exs.: I. cloze1. text-related on P461) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2. theme-related on P471) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. TranslationEx. 1 on P47-481) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causinga significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minuterecently.5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.Translation : Ex. 2 on P48Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.UNIT3Language Sense Enhancement on P721) checked with 2) interview 3) grill 4) clippings5) be right for 6) follow up 7) indicating8）hand-delivered 9) prepared 10) prospectiveLanguage focusVoc. Ex. 1 on P751) rude 2) physically 3) structure4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling7) Measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partnerVoc. Ex. 2&3 on P76§Ex. 2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up7) be hooked up to 8) closed up§Ex. 3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could oneday dance in the King’s palace3) will be in readers' hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.§Voc . Ex. 4 on P771）applicants, veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to goafter3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings on P 781. Behave2. used to avoid repetition3. clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. Study 8. be enough 9. be acceptableiii. Usage on P79-801. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where tobegin.OK,I’ll talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmascard. By the way,I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understoodby anyone who can read the daily newspaper.Now, why isthis an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know howit goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan toattend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job.Now, how to maximize your profitswith as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia.Incidentally, those picturesyou sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive Exercises Cloze§1. text-related on P80(1) Prospective (2)As I see it(3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) Endeavor (6) structure(7) Partners (8) Respond(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint(11) make a difference (12) follow up§2. theme-related on P81(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitTranslation on P81-821) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in thisemergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop theplane after taxiing for only a short while.2)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital.Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so manyfriends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new schoolrooms with stronger structures were to be built in theearthquake-stricken area.Translation 2. on P82Well begun, half done,as the saying goes. It isextremely important for a job applicant todo hishomework while seeking employment.From mystandpoint, whether or not one has done his homeworkclearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in theneighborhood of100,000 dollars a years in a largecomputer software company. He told me that from hisown experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are wellprepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn asmuch about his prospective employer as possible don’thave much of a chance of success.Part III Home Reading Task§Comprehension Check on P871.b2.c3.a4.a5.a6.b§Translation on P871.父母亲都觉得我不会被录用。

Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) mass2) gambled3) voluntary4) hunted5) classified6) abolished7) division8) senseless9) fashions10) coordination11) declarations12) committed13) necessity14) moderately15) slightest16) considerable17) evaluate18) derived2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) stands/stood a chance2) ruled out3) consist /consists of4) gone through5) in the strict sense6) At a guess7) earns a living8) coincide with9) gone in for10) got their teeth into6) introductory7) contradictory8) explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box.▆ Answers for reference:1) vocation2) posts3) trade4) job5) work6) profession7) career8) position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there is no mistake, write “No Mistake”.▇Answers:1) ( of ) Natural disasters are inevitable and they are▇Answers for reference:1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▇Answers:(1) enjoy(2) physical(3) compelled(4) necessity(5) support(6) mental(7) idealize(8) status(9) values(10) classified(11) essential(12) mind(13) attitude(14) fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.▇ Answers for reference:1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager/ resign from the post of general manager) of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’sdeath.6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English.▇Answers for reference:Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.THEME-RELATED WRITINGWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Career Choice”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the kind of job you prefer to do2) factors you consider when choosing the job3) conclusion▆Sample Essay:My Career ChoiceWhen it comes to the choice of career, different people consider thematter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.(198 words)。

全新版大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案Unit1I.VocabularP1.1)alliance2)atthecostof3)stroke4)limp5)minus6)regions7)declarations8)siege9)raw10)bidehistime11)havetakentheirtoll12)inthecaseof2.1)isfacedwith 2)getboggeddown3)ispressingon/pressedon4)dragon5)getbP 6)dineout7)havecutback8)getthrough3.1)TherapidadvanceingenetherapPmaPleadtotheconquestofcancerinthenearfuture.2)ProductioninmanPfactorieshasbeenbroughttoahaltbPthedelaPedarrivalofrawmaterialsduetothedock workers’strike.3)Sarahasmadeuphermindthatherleisureinterestswill/shouldnevergetinthewaPofhercareer.4)ObviouslPthereporter'squestioncaughttheforeignministeroffguard.5)Theintroductionoftheelectroniccalculatorhasrenderedtheslideruleoutofdate.4.1)BeingfacedwithanenemPforcesmuchsuperiortoours,wehadtogiveuptheoccupationofbigcitiesandretr eattotheruralandmountainousregionstobuildupourbases.2)UnitPiscrucialtotheefficientoperationofanorganization.Failuretoreckonwiththisproblemwillweaken itsstrength.InmanPcases,workmaPbebroughttoahaltbPconstantinternalstruggleinanorganization.3)TheRedArmPfoughtaheroicbattleatStalingradandwonthedecisivevictorPagainsttheGermans.Infact, thisbattleturnedthetideintheSecondWorldWar.Duringthisfamousbattle,theSoviettroopswithstoodtheG ermansiegeandweakenedtheGermanarmPbPlaunchingaseriesofcounterattacks.II.MoreSPnonPmsinContePt1) DuringtheFirstWorldWar,battlesoccurredhereandthereovervastareas.Someofthe mostdramaticfightingtookplaceinthegloomPtrenchesofFranceandBelgium.2) Elizabethmadecarefulpreparationsfortheinterviewandherefforts/homeworkpaidoff.3)IspenthourstrPingtotalkhimintoacceptingthesettlement,butheturnedadeafeartoallmPwords.4)PneumoniahadseverelPweakenedherbodP,andIwonderedhowherfragilebodPcouldwithstandthehars hweather.age1)ButoftenitisnotuntilwefallillthatwefinallPlearntoappreciategoodhealth.2)AricholdladPlaPdeadathomefortwoweeks—andnobodPknewanPthingaboutit.3)It'ssaidhedroppeddeadfromaheartattackwhenhewasatwork.4)Don'tsittooclosetothefiretokeepwarm—PoucouldeasilPgetburned,especiallPifPoufallasleep.5)InthosedaPspeoplebelievedinmarrPingPoungandhavingchildrenearlP.6)LittleTomwasunabletositstillforlongerthanafewminutes.Structure1.1)Tohisgreatdelight,Dr.DengdiscoveredtwogenesinwildricethatcanincreasethePieldbP30percent.2)Tohergreatrelief,herdaughterhadleftthebuildingbeforeitcollapsed.3)Toourdisappointment,ourwomen'steamlostouttotheNorthKoreans.4)Wethink,muchtoourregret,thatwewillnotbeabletovisitPouduringthecomingChristmas.2.1)Thesebirdsnestinthevastswamps(whichlietothe)eastoftheNile.2)BP1948,thePeople'sLiberationArmPhadgainedcontrolofthevastareasnorthofthePangtzeRiver.3) MichellewasborninasmallvillageinthenorthofFrance,butcametoliveintheUnited Statesattheageoffour.4)TheColumbiaRiverrisesinwesternCanadaandcontinues/runsthroughtheUnitedStatesfor about1,900kilometerswestoftheRockPMountains.ComprehensiveEPercises I.Cloze(A)1.invasion 3.Conquest unching 7.campaign 9.reckonwith (B)1.allow2..reckoned3.highlP4.forecasts5.rapidlP6.instant7.deliverP8.advantage9.observing10.PowerfulII.Translation1) Mr.DohertPandhisfamilParecurrentlPengagedingettingtheautumnharvestinonthefarm. 2) WemustnotunderestimatetheenemP.ThePareequippedwiththemostsophisticatedweapons. 3) Havingbeencutofajob/Nothavinghadajobfor3months,PhilisgettingincreasinglPdesperate. 4) Sam,astheprojectmanager,isdecisive,efficient,andaccurateinhisjudgment.5) Sincethechemicalplantwasidentifiedasthesourceofsolution,thevillageneighborhoodcommitteedecid edtocloseitdownatthecostof100jobs.TheoffensivehadalreadPlastedthreedaPs,butwehadnotgainedmuchground.Ourtroopsengagingtheenem Patthefrontwerefacedwithstrong/fierce/stiffresistance.Thedivisioncommanderinstructedourbattalionto getaroundtotherearoftheenemPandlaunchasurpriseattack.Todoso,however,wehadtocrossamarshlanda ndmanPofuswereafraidwemightgetboggeddowninthemud.Ourbattalioncommanderdecidedtotakeaga mble.Westartedundercoverofdarknessandpressedoninspiteofgreatdifficulties.BPastrokeofluck,thetem peratureatnightsuddenlPdroppedtominus20degreesCelsiusandthemarshfrozeover.Thankstothecoldwe ather,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawnandbeganattackingtheenemPfromtherear.Thisturnedthetid eofthebattle.TheenemP,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.Unit2I.VocabularP1.1.ePpansion2.automated3.vapor4.takecontrolof5.hazards6.satellite7.vibrated8.magnetic9.bunched 10.intheair 11.gotstuckin12.approPimatelP2.1.sendout2.standupfor3.passfor4.wereclosinginon5.startingup6.wentthrough7.fillout8.fallinto 3.1)theapplication,remote,hasturnedintoarealitP,arepoisedto 2)thatvibrate,candetect,frequencP 3)lanes,aremountedin,alerta,hazardII.WordformationKilogram Medicalcare Memorandum ElectronicmailGPmnasiumCommunicationssatellite2. standinthewaP4. catching...offhisguard 6. declaration 8. dragon10.bringing...toahaltLiberation NewsbroadcastDoctor SkPhijackVeterinarian EuropeandollarPreparatorP BreakfastandlunchAutomobile Televisionbroadcastinfluenza OPfordandCambridgeage1)swimmingpool2)drawingboard3)enrichedMiddleEnglish4)disturbingchange5)fullPdevelopedprototPpe6)Cannedfoods7)workingpopulation8)puzzlingdifferencesComprehensiveEPercisesI.Cloze1)computerized2)startup3)bepoisedto4)alert5)hazards6)monotonous7)takecontrolof8)steer9)lane10)decrease11)calculate12)eliminate13)gettingstuckin14)mounted15)detect16)vapor1)generates2)related3)revolutionized4)enabled5)opportunities6)overall7)manufacturing8)dependent9)interact10)fatalitiesII.Translation1)Therewasanunusualquietnessintheair,ePceptforthesoundofartillerPinthedistance.2)TheePpansionofurbanareasinsomeAfricancountrieshasbeencausingasignificantfallinlivingstandards andanincreaseinsocialproblems.3)TheresearchshowsthatatmosphericcarbondioPidelevelsarecloselPcorrelatedwithglobaltemperatures.4)ThefrequencPofthebusservicehasbeenimprovedfrom15to12minuterecentlP.5)Thediverstoodontheedgeofthedivingboard,poisedtojumpatthesignalfromthecoach. Automobileshave,sincetheirinvention,revolutionizedtransportation,changingforeverthewaPpeoplelive ,travel,anddobusiness.Ontheotherhand,thePhavebroughthazards,especiallPhighwaPfatalities.However ,todaPtheapplicationofcomputertechnologPandelectronicsensorsindesigningandmanufacturingcarsma kesitpossibletoeliminatemostoftrafficaccidents.ForePample,electronicsensorsmountedinPourcarcande tectalcoholvaporintheairandrefusetostartuptheengine.ThePcanalsomonitorroadconditionsbPreceivingr adiosignalssentoutfromorbitingsatellitesandgreatlPreducePourchancesofgettingstuckintrafficjams.Unit3I.VocabularP1)rude2)phPsicallP3)structure4)madeadifference5)blurted(out)6)chuckling7)Measurable8)prospective9)preparations10)Sparkled11)tookacrackat12)partner1)goafter2)lookbackat/on3)beputup4)stoodfor5)buildin6)followup7)behookedupto8)closedup1)grilledheraboutwhereshehadbeenallnight2)bePondCinderella’swildestdreamsthatshecouldonedaPdanceintheKing’spalace3)willbeinreaders'handssoon4)doPourhomeworkbeforegoingonaninterview.5)wasintheneighborhoodof150dollars.1）applicants,veteran,theprospective2）Fromhisstandpoint,hasmadeeverPendeavortogoafter3)asthesaPinggoes,tohaveacrackat,barelP1.Behaveedtoavoidrepetition3.clean4.getalong5.perform/complete6.perform/complete7.StudP8.beenough9.beacceptableStructure1.ThereissomuchtosaPanditishardtoknowwheretobegin.OK,I’lltalkaboutmPselffirst.2.ThankPouverPmuch,John,forPourbeautifulChristmascard.BPthewaP,IhavesomethinghereforPou.3.ThenewcomputerlanguagecanbequiteeasilPunderstoodbPanPonewhocanreadthedailPnewspaper.No w,whPisthisanadvantage?4.I’mgoingtoworkouttheoutlineandwillletPouknowhowitgoes.BPthewaP,IwillseePouinFebruarP,asIplant oattendPourseminarinShanghai.5.OK,Pougotthejob.Now,howtomaPimizePourprofitswithaslittleeffortaspossible?6.ChrisisbackfromAustralia.IncidentallP,thosepicturesPousentmearewonderful. ComprehensiveEPercisesI.Cloze(1)Prospective(2)AsIseeit(3)donePourhomework(4)beforehand(5)Endeavor(6)structure(7)Partners(8)Respond(9)takeacrack(10)fromthestandpoint(11)makeadifference(12)followup(1)encouraging(2)inquirP(3)relevant(4)samples(5)references(6)advice(7)preparing(8)seriouslP(9)probablP(10)ePhibitII.Translation1)DespitetheinadequatelengthoftheairstripinthisemergencPlanding,theveteranpilotmanagedtostopthep laneaftertaPiingforonlPashortwhile.2)GrilledbPthereporters,themoviestareventuallPblurted(out)thatshehadundergonetwoplasticsurgeries.3)WehavethetechnologPandourpartnerhasthecapital.Workingtogether,we’llhavethefutureinourhands.4)IfIhadknownbeforehandthatPouwouldbringsomanPfriendshome,Iwouldhavemadebetterpreparation s.Pousee,IhavebarelPenoughfoodanddrinksforasnack.5)PeoplegavegenerouslPuponlearningthatnewschoolroomswithstrongerstructuresweretobebuiltinthee arthquake-strickenarea.Wellbegun,halfdone,asthesaPinggoes.ItisePtremelPimportantforajobapplicanttodohishomeworkwhile seekingemploPment.FrommPstandpoint,whetherornotonehasdonehishomeworkclearlPmakesadiffere nceinhischanceofsuccess. Ihaveafriendwhoisearningsomewhereintheneighborhoodof100,000dollarsaPearsinalargecomputersoft warecompanP.HetoldmethatfromhisownePperiencethedecisionmakerswhointerviewprospectiveempl oPeeslikepeoplewhoarewellprepared.Thosewhomakenoendeavortolearnasmuchabouthisprospectivee mploPeraspossibledon’thavemuchofachanceofsuccess.Unit4I.VocabularP1)advantageous 2)letalone3)witnessing/vanishing4)landmark5)entitled6)displace7)Establishment8)patriotic/strengthen9)contradictions10)aspires11)divorced12)pendulums1)cometo2)dozedoff3)believedin4)wassetapart5)takein 6)sucksin7)cleanup 8)turnawaP1)Forme,itmakesno/littledifferencewhetherwegotherebPtrainorbPbus.2)ToPatahasovertakenGeneralMotorsastheworld’sbiggestcarmaker.3)ShortlPaftertheirmarriage,Mr.ChamberswasatoddswithhiswifeovermonePmatters.4)HenrPhasbeenattheforefrontofnanotechnologPresearch.5)Shedoesn’tevenknowhowtoboilpotatoes,letalonecookameal.a)isincreasinglP/toaccelerate/theirinvestmentb)economP/makeanearnest/domestic/strikeabalancebetweenc)ahandfulof/beendorsedbP/onalargescale1)Anunusualpresent,abookonethics,wasgiventoHenrPforhisbirthdaP.2)Thereason(hegave)thathedidn’tnoticethecartilltoolatewasunsatisfactorP.3)Football,hisonlPinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanPfriends.4)CloninghadbeenraisedasapossibilitPdecadesago,thendismissed,somethingthatserious scientiststhoughtwassimplPnotgoingtohappenanPtimesoon. ComprehensiveEPercisesI.Cloze(A)1.academicsworking3.avarietPof4.growth5.vanish6.f acilitate7.endorsing8.outlook9.sweepingaside10.patriotic11.erasing12.strikeabalance(B)1.aided2.effects3.distances4.connected5.invested6.features7.prevailing 8.qualitativelP9.volume 10.DistinguishingII.Translation1)DuetohispessimisticoutlookontheEuropeaneconomP,JohnhasmovedhisassetsfromEuropetoelsewhere.2)IlikehiringPoungpeople.ThePareearnestlearnersandcommittedtowork.3)Unlikehergirlfriendswhocentertheirlivesontheirchildren,MarPcaresmoreaboutherpersonalgrowth.4)WhPisitthataconsiderablenumberofcolleaguesareatoddswithPou?5)TheChinesegovernmenthasintroducedavarietPofpoliciestostrengthencooperationwithdevelopingcou ntries.GlobalizationhasgreatimplicationsforPoungChinese.ForePample,Poungfarmersaremovingonalargesc aletourbanareastolookforjobs.AndforthosePoungpeoplewhoaspiretostudPabroadorworkinforeign-inve stedenterprises,EnglishhasbecomeincreasinglPimportant.Atthesametime,aconsiderablenumberofover seasChinesestudentshavereturnedhomeinrecentPears,forthePholdanoptimisticoutlookforthelong-term growthoftheChineseeconomP.TheinternethasstrengthenedthelinksbetweenChinesePoungpeopleandthoseelsewhere.ThePfollowthelatesttrendandcopPforeignfashions.Someofthemdon’tseemtocarefortraditionalChinesevirtues,letalonecarrPthemforward,whichhasgivenrisetoworriesthatth etraditionalChineseculturemightonedaPvanish.Unit5I.VocabularP1)InawaP2)inaccordance3)vacancP4)ingoodcondition5)transparent6)rub7)spicP8)hitherto9)with(a)badgrace10)instinct11)pawned12)current1)turnedup2)willstickto3)broughtback4)goabout5)drivingat6)putawaP7)over8)tookaback1)hasaverPweakconstitution---shemaPnotbeabletosurvivetheoperation.2)wastakenabackbPtheinsurancecompanP’srejectionofmPcompensationclaim3)wassomethingofasurprisewhenweranintoeachotherinaplacelikethat.4)needstrimming/tobetrimmed---it’sgettingtoolong.5)areoftendeceptive1)OddlPenough/wentbroke/wrinkled/hehadgonealltopieces2)definite/iscapableof/hervanitP3)toomild/sipping/strokeage1.EPceptfor2.ePceptthat3.ePcept4.ePceptwhen5.ePceptto6.ePceptwhat7.ePceptwhere8.ePceptthatIII.ComprehensiveEPercisesI.Cloze1.insane2.current3.candid4.capable5.wastakenaback6.ingoodcondition7.constitution8.goalltopiecesd12.deceptive1.suspected2.pleading3.confirmed4.stunned5.lucrative6.jewellerP7.wealthP8.urge9.spell10.ArrestedII.Translation1)IhaveaninstinctthatHenrPwillseektojointheePpedition,becauseheissomethingofanadventurer.2)Heiscapableofstickingtothetaskathand,evenifheisePposedtonoises.3)Thetrademarkwasregisteredinaccordancewiththelawshithertoinforce.4)OddlPenough,manPpeoplevolunteeredtohelporganizethemeeting,butonlPafewturnedup.5)Theteacher’saffectionatewords,alongwithhiscandidcomments,changedthewaPMikeperceivedthesocietPandhimsel f.FormPownpart,Ifindthatappearancesarealltoooftendeceptive.Forinstance,PoumightbewrongifPoujudg edbPappearancesonlPpeoplelikeEdwardHPdeBurton.Inappearance,heseemedamanallofapiece.Hewas atinPlittlefellowwithwhitehairandmildblueePes,gentleandcandid.Nevertheless,heturnedouttobeverPcr uel.HeinsultedandfooledLennPwhowasdownandoutandmadehimcommithimselftoaninsaneventure.W hatwasstillmoresurprisingwasthathewascompletelPindifferenttoLennP’sdeath.Withoutdoubt,Burtonwasamanwithaheartofstone.Unit６I.VocabularP1)appliances2)comparative3)multiplP4)distribution5)prosperitP6)decorate7)famine8)largequantitiesof/alargequantitPof9)streamline10)faP11)pointedthewaPto12)bewildered1)eatinto2)clingto3)standout/stoodout4)wearsawaP5)setabout6)switchoff7)willbeturnedloose8)pouredin１）isforecasttobebelowaveragenePtPear,whichatthemomentis4percent.２）toenterthebuildingandfindthebabPgirlprovedfutileasrescuersweredrivenoutbPtheheatandflames. ３）wasurgedtodivertsomeofitsattentionfromePpandingproductionandgetmoreinvolvedwithissuesofmarke tdemand.４）canreallPeatheavilPintoPourprofitswhenPouaresellingsuitsat￡900anddressesat￡2,000.５）hastoiledendlesslPovertheePercisemachineforthelasttwentPPearsinordertokeepherbodPinshape. reactionto;discontent;provokedConvention;evadingtaP;theconfinesofaburden;arealwaPsonthego/seemforeveronthego;tocopeII.ConfusableWords1.1)nervousness2)tension3)stress;stress4)tension2.1)honorarP2)Honorable3)honorable4)honorarP5)honorable6)HonorarPage１）DealingwiththeePtinctioncrisisisnosimplematter.Isitsensible,wemaPask,tospendlargesumsofmonePto savesomespecies–beitanelephantoranorchid–inanationinwhichalargeproportionofthepopulationislivin gbelowthepovertPline?２）ThisnewtechnologPcouldbeusedanPwherelargenumbersofpeopleneedtobequicklPscreened---atairport s,trainstations,busterminalsorbordercrossings.However,ePpertssuspect,thereisalsotheriskthatpeoplewi lllearntofoolthemachinethesamewaPthePtrPtofoolpolPgraphreadingsbPcontrollingtheirbreathortaking drugstorelaPthemselves.３）Withahighpercentageofmarriagesendingindivorce,oftenduetofinancialdifficulties,PouwouldsaPthatm onePisabigfactorinmakingagoodmarriage.But,believeitornot,itisn’tmonePthatensuresPouahappPmarri age;itisPourphilosophPoflifethatdoes.４）NotalltherisksontheInternetaresePual,Pouknow.SitespromotingviolencearejustaclickawaP,andmaPinc ludeinstructionsformakingbombsandotherdestructivedevices. ComprehensiveEPercisesI.Cloze1)switchoff2)obliged3)onthego4)cope5)shortage6)largequantitPof7)pouringin8)bPnature9)fraction10)futile1)advantage2)wiselP3)faithfullP4)waking5)includes6)schedule7)sticking8)priorities9)set10)respectII.Translation１）ThePareePploringthenewfrontiersofmedicalscienceinanattempttofindremediesforincurablediseases/cu resfordiseasesthatarebePondremedPsofar.２）Heruniqueteachingmethodsapart,MsWilson,mPmathteacher,nevertriedtocramknowledgeintomPhead. ３）TheregularweatherforecastbPtheCentralTVStationkeepsusupwiththechangesofweatherwhereverwego onatrip.４）TheappallingePplosionstartedabigfireandcausedthepartialcollapseofthebuilding.５）Inthemodernworld,therearemorewaPsthanevertowasteawaPtime,andallkindsofdistractionsareeatingint oourprecioustime.TodaPweareunderconstantpressuretoworklongerhours,toproducemore,andtopossessmore.Lotsofpeopl eholdthewrongperceptionthathappinessliesinworkinghardandearningwell/goodmoneP. ManPwomentodaPfeelthesamestresstoworkandgetaheadand,atthesametime,tonurturetheiroffspringan dshouldertheburdenofdomesticresponsibilities. Researchshowsthatworkaholismtendstodistanceusfromourimmediatefamilies.Itforcesustotoillongeran dlongerhours,leavingaminutefractionofourtimetobephPsicallPandemotionallPavailabletoourlovedone s.IntimacPamongfamilPmembersisdoomedtodieintheprocess.Unit７I.VocabularP1.divined2.nerves3.solidaritP4.sacred;mourn5.Coated6.perish7.hijack8.grief9.farewell 10.takerevengeon11.revolves 12.denounced1.drop…off2.appliedfor3.wentoff4.aregainingon5.bringdown6.blottedout7.thinkbackon8.pickingat1.broughtdowntheAmericanhousingmarketin20KK2.whatwillhappenafterhissonstepsintohisshoes?3.notinthemoodtogoout4.longbeforethemarketbegantoshowsignsofweakness5.mournthelossofthetranquillifewehadinthecountrPside1.intheaftermathof;toblotour;thetragic2.armed;atdust;accomplices;ePplosives3.inthespaceof;noillusionII.Collocation1.alittleof2.afew;mostof//manPof3.much4.few5.manP6.manPof7.muchof8.little9.fewof 10.SomeageAstheboPgrewoldershesingsasbeautifullPasanightingale//singslikeanightingalethePdon’tseethemselvesasservantsofthepeopleAsshehadleftherkePintheofficeJustdoasPouaretoldAreasonceregardedasruralasthePdoinChinaAshewasbraveandloPalaswellComprehensiveEPercisesI.Cloze1.mood2.tragic3.inthe(immediate)aftermathof4.chaos5.toppling6.solidaritP7.takerevengeon8.thinkingbackon9.mourning 10.perished1.crashed2.horrible3.harsh4.protect5.remove6.utterlP7.trulP8.justifP9.rewarded 10.devastating II.Translation1)Somehigh-rankingofficersofthearmedforcesstartedacoup,topplingthegovernmentandthrowingthecoun trPintochaos.2)ThefallingmarketshatteredtheillusionaboutgettingrichquicklP3)ThinkingbackonthehistorPofWorldWarII,wecanseethattheformationoftheAllieswasthenaturalproduct ofthedevelopmentofpoliticalandmilitarPcircumstancesthen.4)PaulfeltstungwhenJimcalledhimareligiousfanatic.Butashewasinnomoodforqquarrel notinaquarrelingmood,hesimplPpretendednottohearit．５）PeoplesaPthattimehealsallwounds.Butforthosewhohavelosttheirlovedonesintheevent,willtimefillupth evoidintheirhearts?TodaP,longaftertheearthquakeshook//hitmPtome-town,Icanstillrecall,incrPstaldetail,whatIsawasIrano utofmPhomewithmPparents.ThebuildingjustacrossthestreettoppledrightbeforeourePes,debrisflewever Pwhereandacloudofchokingdustblottedoutthesun.Horror-strickenpeopleraninalldirections,crPingands creaming.Now,manPPearsafterthattragicevent,anewtownhasrisenonthewreckageoftheoldone.Inthetownsquare,a memorialhasbeenbuildtorememberthosekilledinthedisaster.Itseemsthewoundsinpeople’sheartshavehealed,butthememorPwilllinger.。

KeysUnit 3Part I Pre-readingSection B Listening Practice1.wordless2. stretched3. indeed4. sorrow5. chance6. fadePart II Active Reading: Human NatureTask One1.C2.C3. C4. C5. CPart III Language FocusTask One1. recommence2. on the threshold of3. bribery4. deputy5. obstinately6. tenacity7. anguish8. indignation9. despised 10. moanTask Two1. When she was still in her thirties, she reared a family of five on her own.2. He flew into fury when I refused to lend him any money.3. The two parties agreed to recommence talks on win-win financial policy the following month.4. Why should you deprive yourself of such simple pleasures as running, fishing, and playing chess?5. She opened her eyes wide and exclaimed in delight at the scene.6. She felt she was on the threshold of a new life in the city.Part IV Chinese & Foreign Culture IntroductionTask OneMen at their birth,are naturally good.Their natures are much the same;their habits become widely different.If foolishly there is no teaching,the nature will deteriorate.The right way in teaching,is to attach the utmost importancein thoroughness.Of old, the mother of Menciuschose a neighbourhoodand when her child would not learn,she broke the shuttle from the loom.Tou of the swallow hillshad the right method.He taught five sons,each of whom raised the family reputation.To feed without teaching,is the father's fault.To teach without severity,is the teacher's laziness.If the child does not learn,this is not as it should be.If he does not learn while young,what will he be when old?If jade is not polished,it cannot become a thing of use.If a man does not learn,he cannot know his duty towards his neighbour. He who is the son of a man,when he is young,should attach himself to his teachers and friends, and practise ceremonial usages.Hsiang, at nine years of age,could warm his parent's bed.Filial piety towards parentsis that to which we should hold fast.Jung, at four years of age,could yield the (bigger) pears.To behave as a younger brother towards elders is one of the first things to know.Begin with filial piety and fraternal love,and then see and hear .Learn to count,and learn to read.Units and tens,then tens and hundreds,hundreds and thousands,thousands and then tens of thousands.Task Two当造出了第一个男人时，上帝把他放在美丽的伊甸园里。

Keys新融合大学英语综合教程4答案- Unit 4Part I Pre-readingSection B Listening Practice1. opening up2. resemble3. led to4. entertainment5. rather than6. appreciating7. wealth8. antique9. echoed 10. comfort Part II Active Reading: LifestyleTask One1. D2. D3. A4. C5. BPart III Language FocusTask One1. pursuit2. inherited3. odds4. by default5. eliminate6. incredible7. In all likelihood8. maintained9. drastically 10. considerableTask Two1. The Chinese government will consistently persist in its pursuit of an independent foreign policy of peace.2. She immersed herself in the world of imagination and was totally oblivious to her husband’s intimidating gaze.3. He maintains that doing physical exercises three times a week is the optimal plan to keep fit.4. Don't be complacent over the success. We just won by default because our opponent quit the finals.5. The Greek government will continue to pursue the implementation of various improvement measures introduced in the wake of the financial crisis.6. It seemed incredible that the old man intended to let a stranger inherit his business rather than his own son.Part IV Chinese & Foreign Culture IntroductionTask OneDrinking wineBy Tao Yuan Min(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)In people’s haunt I build my cot;Of wheel’s and hoof’s noise I hear not.How can it leave on me no trace?Secluded heart makes secluded place.I pick fence side asters at will;Carefree I see the southern hill.The mountain air’s fresh day and night;Together birds go home in flight.What revelation at this view?Words fail if I try to tell you.Task Two下午茶是英国最为典型的风俗。

全新版⼤学英语综合教程第四册unit4课后练习答案Unit 4Text AText rganization 1.2.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3. 1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by trainor by bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest carmaker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wifeover money matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage 1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday. 2. The reason(he gave) that he didn ’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze (A)1. academics variety of 5. vanish 7. endorsing9. sweeping aside 11. erasing (B)1. aided4. connected5. invested6. features7. prevailing 8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing2. networking 4. growth6. facilitate 8. outlook10. patriotic 12. strike a2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.lives on their children, Mary cares more aboutGlobalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers arestudy abroad or work in foreign-investednumber of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimisticThey follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care forforward, which has given rise to worries that thePart III Text BComprehension Check1. c2. a3. b4. b5. c6. dTranslation1.如果9/11 有什么引⼈注⽬的地⽅，那就是恐怖主义者们来⾃世界上全球化程度最低、最不开放、融合程度最低的地⽅：沙特阿拉伯、也门、阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北部。

Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn ’t easy to make the (1tr)ansition from a busy university student to an unemployedyoung adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show,wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed . Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5)detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6)upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after threeor four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases,become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You mayneed to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he ’s an supporter of flexible working h(o a u d r v s o.c a t e)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn ’t got better completely (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future ?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult , or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired , or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don , or’(b)t want tohelp you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy , do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and donothing ?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something ?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journeytogether, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle , do you (a) feel you are back where you started , or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line , do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way , or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well , or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means , do you (a) try your best to do it , or (b) not care aboutit?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle , are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again , or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively , or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of goodluck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank(loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone ’(s s y p m r o p b a l t e h m i z e s)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I ’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it ’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn n’ee t d to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding .B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other peoplewho worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6)highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don ’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn ’t much after they deducted’t d a x(7a)n d pension contributions. But it wasenough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You mayneed to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she ’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn ’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key: (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it ’s cracked u,p i s t i o t (b a e) valid and interesting, or (b) just a littlebit disappointing ?2 If someone keeps banging on about something , are you likely to be (a) interested in, or(b) bored by what they say ?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed , or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue , is it (a) unexpected , or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance ?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often , or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy , is it (a) very easy , or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something , do you (a) buy something nice for them , or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up , do you (a) make the place look brighter , or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on aboutopportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do Ifind?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especiallyboys, god, when will they grow up?) ⋯This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a questionto thereader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had myeye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of ”is a sort of d i s e c o m u r a s r k e r of informal speech (showing something isgeneral, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job likethat, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it ’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it ’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything ⋯This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (prettywell).Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as ⋯might3 Rewrite the sen tences using try as ⋯might .1 I ’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can ’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can ’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn ’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn ’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can ’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can ’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn ’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn ’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get thepromotion he deserves, he just doesn ’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that ⋯4 Rewrite the sentences using given that ⋯1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we ’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we ’re all here, I thitinwkould be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it ’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it ’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She ’s experienced at giving advice. I ’m more experienced.She ’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I ’m more experienced at giving athan she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn or you’. t good fYou eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part- timers don ’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn ’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don ’t think you should have given so much personal information. Itisn ’I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan ?No, I haven ’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan ?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan , what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict ?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants tocompete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up ”after the confli7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it ’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and threeyears at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyondour sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especiallyboys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It ’s just so expensive out here!Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bankmanager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water,electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, a nd all that ’s before I ’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I ’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won ’t even last till the end of the a y e l o a n r e,l t e i l tl I ’?m 翻60. （译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。

综合教程4课后答案Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaBackground informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published in September 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and in Britain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to university and therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job became harder in 2008–2009 because the economic downturn –then a recession – meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobsand then they found that it was difficult to findemployment in their field or at the level they wanted. Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at home and advises their parents to be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if they need help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice to parents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for university graduates?Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% ofyoung adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitive situation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with thecredit crunch and economic depression, which meant that there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be active to seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they won’t find employment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointshonours degree: Traditionally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours degrees are awardedin different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into two subcategories, written as IIii and IIii, which are called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (written III) anda pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of study without these categories.Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in North America which are given different informal namesto characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the great increase (the boom) of births after World War II (1946–1960), followed by “Generation X” people (born 1960–1980) who were said to bring new attitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career beforethem. “GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generation” (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the new millenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by doting parents, to have structured lives, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. Inthe passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic name referring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work – this may be the only work available to somegraduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something more suitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour orbad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig; when people “grunt” they ex press disgust but do not communicate with words – this may be how the parents of new graduates think their children communicate with them!A comprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in the1960s. Before that there were academic “grammar schools” and more general “secondary modern” schools for those who did not pass the grammar school entrance tests, but the comprehensive schools were designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether they were academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backside off) to get to university, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic –comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.Chicken suit This refers to a large yellow costume thatsomeone wears which makes the person look like a giant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a job advertising for a restaurant called El Pollo Loco (The Crazy Chicken’ in Spanish) – the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant.Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to theodd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son’s university fees and living expenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events –at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgotten because the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesn’t have a job and doesn’t seem to be actively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents’ generation who worked hard, got jobs, and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt – he doesn’t seem to communicate much, lies around and doesn’t get a job (or can only do a low status routing job).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being ‘too detached’ and talking inl anguage that was ‘too technocratic’, which I didn’t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews:They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used the language of atechnical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertise in his language so he can’t understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” before heading to the pub. (Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job (likestacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill outall day (they spend their time casually relaxing –they don’t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in the evening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university …(Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so he had to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means your bottom – the part of yourbody that you sit on – to work your backside off is informal and it means you work very hard indeed.6 … but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky to advise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the father is also working full-time), so she does not have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as normal and don’t allo w them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve ofemotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should neither let theirchildren spend the parents’ money unnecessarily, nor let the problem take away all their energy and emotions. Sap their reserve means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the other answers are wrong (See below).1 Why hasn’t Jac k Goodwin got a job yet?(a) He doesn’t have a very good degree.(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree. ) (b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries. (He feels he should get a better job after studying atuniversity.)(c) It isn’t eas y to get a job in the current financial climate.(This may be true but the passage does not mention this.)(d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family. (No, he doesn’t seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesn’t want to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers.(No, he went there once but h e didn’t want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesn’t seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening.(All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing. (No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents. (No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to be like Jack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar. (No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jack’s friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jack’s parents hel ping him?(a) By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jack has tried to get a job himself; there’s nothing here about his parents helping him look for a job.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America, the passage does not say thatJack’s parents have paid for this.)(c) By gradually making him more financially aware.(The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication about the cut-off point after the trip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.)(d) By threatening to throw him out of the house. (No, they haven’t threatened to do this, but they definitely want him to work after he gets back from his trip.)5 What does Gael Lindenfield say about Jac k’s parents?(a) They have not really understood Jack’s problems. (No, she doesn’t say this; she says they must balance being positive with not making life too comfortable. This doesn’t mean they haven’t understood Jack’s problems.)(b) They have made life too comfortable for Jack. (No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive. This doesn’t necessarily mean that they have already made life too comfortable for Jack.) (c) The approach they have chosen is the right one. (She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d) They need help from a psychologist.(No, she doesn’t say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?(a) They all did bar work before going to university. (No, we don’t know from the passage if any of them did this.)(b) They took part in protests against nuclear power plants.(No, we don’t know is any of them did this)(c) They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens. (No, only Brad Pitt did this.)(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives.(This is right, although they all had completely different temporary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or fouryears away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy tosolve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you(a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Reading and interpreting8 Answer the questions.1 “Will he ever get a job?” Who is asking this question? What mood does it express?The parents are asking this because the paragraph is addressed to parents (earlier it says “your graduate son”). The mood seems to express patience or resignation because the word “ever” suggests that gettinga job will take a long time.2 Who describes Generation Y as “rebels without a cause”? Is it a fair descripti on?This is the writer’s description to indicate that thisgeneration is rebelling against parents or society, but they have nothing particular to rebel against. This doesn’t seem very fair because the students aretrying to find work –it is just that the y don’t like their parents nagging them. So they are a bit rebellious against their parents, but no more than that.3 Jack “walked into the university careers and straight back out again”. What does this suggest about Jack’s character?It suggests that Jack is not very determined. As soon as he saw the queue he left without waiting and without trying to ask about jobs or careers.4 Jack spent the summer “hiding”. Hiding from what? Why are quotation marks used?Probably this means he was hiding from the world of work, staying at home and not looking for a job.The quotation marks tell us that he wasn’t literally hiding, he just spent a lot of time at home.5 How is Mrs Goodwin’s point of view affected by her own personal experience?In one way her experience hasn’t affected her attitude: She left school and went immediately to a job(without going to university) and has been working full-time since then and yet she is sympathetic and takes a soft line.6 How is Lindenfield’s point of view affected by her own personal experience?Her personal experience was that she worked in a bar before finding her first proper job as an aerial photographic assistant. So she says such work is a great networking opportunity. If new graduates aregood at such work and bright, cheerful and polite, they will soon be promoted. Her personal experiencethus reflects – or perhaps has created – her point of view.7 What would the first two paragraphs have focused on if they had been presented from the point of viewof the students rather than the parents?The first two paragraphs would have focused on the need for the new graduates to rest for a bit aftertheir hard studies. It is OK for students to relax with the TV or to socialize with friends for a while, then they can start a serious search for employment after that.Active reading (2)If you ask meBackground informationThis is an informal and personalized account of an economics graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year andthen has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). She works in a London pub called “The Salisbury”or “The Marquis Salisbury”, named after someone who was the British Prime Minister three times between 1885 and 1902 and whose family once owned the pub’s land. The 100 year old pub is in Leadenhall Street, just off the Charing Cross Road and Leicester Square. Daytime customers can get a pub lunch and evening customers include many office workers and theatre goers (the pub is near many West End theatres). Theinterior of this pub is dazzling, with large mirrors, cut glass and a mahogany décor.British pubs are often named after famous people (Robin Hood, The Duke of Wellington) or royalty (The Queen’s Arms, the Prince of Wales) or historicalsymbols (The Rose and Crown to represent King Edward III, The Royal Oak to represent King Charles II who once hid in a large oak tree). Other names often include colours and animals (The Red Bull, The Black Horse, The Golden Lion, The Swan) or symbols of traditional trades (The Compasses for carpenters, The Three Hammers for blacksmiths, The Three Tuns for winemakers).As the pub is a social place to meet as well as a place to get a drink, people often play games like dominoes or darts or join a quiz or competition. A common expression is to “go down the pub” or “go round to thelocal” (both meaning to go to the local pub). Culture pointspub in London: A pub is a place where people go for a drink and to meet friends and socialize. People can play games – such as darts, cards, dominoes – in a pub and pubs often have quiz nights, with prizes for thewinners, and live music (See also Background information)The Salisbury is a well-known pub in central London (Seealso Background information)London School of Economics is a distinguished university in central London, famous for social sciences.Language points1 If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. (Para 1)In my opinion (If you ask me introduces an opinion), real life is not everything that people say it is. If athing is cracked up to be, people normally praise it but in the opinion of the speaker they are wrong.2 … spending money when you don’t have any is dead easy. (Para 7)Dead here means very. For example, we can say dead tired (exhausted), a dead loss (a complete loss or useless), a dead weight (very heavy, difficult to lift).3 What were the odds on anyone being so nice? (Para 11) What are the chances that someone would be so nice? The writer is emphasizing here that such kindness is very unusual.4 … looking back after all these years, you only ne ed one or two breaks in your life to succeed.(Para 13)A break here means a chance to be successful. A lucky break is an unexpected opportunity.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What did the writer want to do after finishing her degree?(a) To do an MA at the London School of Economics.(b) To earn some money to pay off her loan.(c) To start working as soon as possible.(d) To return home and help her mother.2 Why did she ask for a job in The Salisbury?(a) She was hungry and thirsty.(b) She thought it would lead to better things.(c) She was a friend of the landlord.(d) She had the idea when she saw the landlord working.3 What did she buy with her first salary?(a) A bunch of flowers.(b) A CD and a plant for the flat she lived in.(c) A ham sandwich and a glass of beer.(d) She didn’t have any money left after paying the bills.4 Why did Tony give her £20,000?(a) He found out it was her birthday and wanted to help.(b) He trusted her and thought it would help her.(c) He wanted her to leave the pub and work for him.(d) He was secretly in love with her.5 What did she do with the money?(a) She used it to pay for her course at the LSE.(b) She lost a lot of it in the 2008 stock market crash.(c) She invested it and paid back Tony and other investors.(d) She used it to start her own business.6 Why was Tony pleased when she repaid the loan?(a) He had had an accident and needed the money for a wheelchair.(b) It meant that he would be able to see her again.(c) It proved that he had been right to invest in her.(d) She paid back the loan with a lot of interest.3 Work in pairs and answer the questions.What do we know about the writer’s:1 family background?Her mother had worked hard for 15 years to support her edu cation but couldn’t afford any furthersupport. Her father wasn’t around most of the time. He didn’t have any money because he spent it on gambling on dog racing or drinking in pubs.2 career as a student?She had a good degree in economics and wanted to study for a masters course at the London School of Economics.3 ambition?She wanted to get a job in finance or investments in London because then she would be able to use her degree.4 appreciation of other people?She appreciated Mike’s friendliness with customers and his skill, and she appreciated Tony as a nice person; later she appreciated the trust of Tony and his friends5 love life?We don’t know much about this, except that she doesn’t like boys to hassle her. She thinks they are immature.6 financial expertise?It must be quite good: She invested the £20,000 and made enough profit to pay the money back withinterest and set up her own company.7 sense of responsibility?She has a strong sense of responsibility because she paid back the money to the investors and paid theman annual interest for the loan.8 philosophy of life?She believes that you should work hard; you may need one or two breaks to succeed but you shouldknow how to use the breaks. You should be honest and responsible with people who trust you.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding) 5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Teaching tipsWhen Ss have completed the blanks with the correct form of the appropriate words, ask them to practice reading the dialogue, trying to make their reading sound as conversational as possible. Choose a pair to perform their reading to the class. The class listens and gives the performing pair a rating on a scale of 1-10for fluency and naturalness.A After th ree years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before gettinga degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what Iearned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key: (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored bywhat they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do yousuggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or(b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or(b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression。

包含综合教程4中的一些课文翻译及习题答案综合教程4课后答案Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university First, get off the sofaBackground informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published in September 2008 in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and inBritain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to university and therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job became harder in 2008–2009 because the economic downturn –then a recession – meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobsand then they found that it was difficult to findemployment in their field or at the level they wanted. Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at home and advises their parents to be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if they need help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice to parents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for university graduatesUniversities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% ofyoung adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitive situation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with thecredit crunch and economic depression, which meant that there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be activeto seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they won’t fin d employment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointshonours degree: Traditionally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours degrees are awardedin different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into two subcategories, written as IIii and IIii, which are called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (written III) anda pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of study without these categories.Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in North America which are given different informal namesto characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the great increase (the boom) of births after World War II (1946–1960), followed by “Generation X” people (born 1960–1980) who were said to bring new attitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career beforethem. “GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generation” (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the new millenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by doting parents, to have structured lives, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. Inthe passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic name referring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work – this may be the only work available to somegraduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something more suitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour orbad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig; when peop le “grunt” they express disgust but do not communicate with words – this may be how the parents of new graduates think their children communicate with them!A comprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in the1960s. Before that there were academic “grammar schools” and more general “secondary modern” schools for those who did not pass the grammar school entrance tests, but the comprehensive schools were designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether they were academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backside off) to get to university, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic –comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.Chicken suit This refers to a large yellow costume thatsomeone wears which makes the person look like a giant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a job advertising for a restaurant called El Pollo Loco (The Crazy Chicken’ in Spanish) – the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant.Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to theodd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son’s university fees and living expenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events –at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgotten because the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesn’t have a job and doesn’t seem to be actively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents’ generation who worked hard, got jobs, and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt – he doesn’t seem to communicate much, lies around and doesn’t get a job (or can only do a low status routing job).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being ‘too detached’ and talking inlanguage that was ‘too technocratic’, which I didn’t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews:They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used the language of atechnical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertise in his language so he can’t understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” bef ore heading to the pub. (Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job (likestacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill outall day (they spend their time casually relaxing –they don’t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in the evening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university …(Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so he had to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means your bottom – the part of yourbody that you sit on – to work your backside off is informal and it means you work very hard indeed.6 … but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the father is also working full-time), so she does not have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as nor mal and don’t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve ofemotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should neither let theirchildren spend the parents’ money unnecessarily, nor let the problem take away all their energy and emotions. Sap their reserve means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the other answers are wrong (See below).1 Why hasn’t Jack Goodwin got a job yet(a) He doesn’t have a very good degree.(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree. ) (b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries. (He feels he should get a better job after studying atuniversity.)(c) It isn’t easy to get a job in the current financial climate.(This may be true but the passage does not mention this.)(d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family. (No, he doesn’t seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesn’t want to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers service. (No, he went there once but he didn’t want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesn’t seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening.(All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing. (No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents.(No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to be like Jack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar. (No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jack’s friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jack’s parents helping him(a) By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jack has tried to get a job himself; there’s nothing here about his parents helping him look for a job.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America, the passage does not say thatJack’s parents have paid for this.)(c) By gradually making him more financially aware.(The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication about the cut-off point after thetrip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.)(d) By threatening to throw him out of the house. (No, they haven’t threatened to do this, but they definitely want him to work after he gets back from his trip.)5 What does Gael Lin denfield say about Jack’s parents(a) They have not really understood Jack’s problems. (No, she doesn’t say this; she says they must balance being positive with not making life toocomfortable. This doesn’t mean they haven’t understood Jack’s problems.)(b) They have made life too comfortable for Jack. (No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive. This doesn’t necessarily mean that they have already made life too comfortable for Jack.) (c) The approach they have chosen is the right one. (She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d) They need help from a psychologist.(No, she doesn’t say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common(a) They all did bar work before going to university. (No, we don’t know from the passage if any of them did this.)(b) They took part in protests against nuclear power plants.(No, we don’t know is any of them did this)(c) They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens. (No, only Brad Pitt did this.)(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives.(This is right, although they all had completely different temporary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their careeris going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or fouryears away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a senseof satisfaction because you have completed something4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try yourbest to do it, or (b) not care about it7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you(a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subjectReading and interpreting8 Answer the questions.1 “Will he ever get a job” Who is asking this question What mood does it expressThe parents are asking this because the paragraph is addres sed to parents (earlier it says “your graduate son”). The mood seems to express patience or resignation because the word “ever” suggests that gettinga job will take a long time.2 Who describes Generation Y as “rebels without a cause” Is it a fair descrip tionThis is the writer’s description to indicate that this generation is rebelling against parents or society,but they have nothing particular to rebel against. This doesn’t seem very fair because the students aretrying to find work –it is just that th ey don’t like their parents nagging them. So they are a bit rebellious against their parents, but no more than that.3 Jack “walked into the university careers service and straight back out again”. What does this suggest about Jack’s characterIt suggests that Jack is not very determined. As soon as he saw the queue he left without waiting and without trying to ask about jobs or careers.4 Jack spent the summer “hiding”. Hiding from what Why are quotation marks usedProbably this means he was hiding from the world of work, staying at home and not looking for a job.The quotation marks tell us that he wasn’t literally hiding, he just spent a lot of time at home.5 How is Mrs Goodwin’s point of view affected by her own personal experienceIn one way her experi ence hasn’t affected her attitude: She left school and went immediately to a job (without going to university) and has been workingfull-time since then and yet she is sympathetic and takes a soft line.6 How is Lindenfield’s point of view affected by her own personal experienceHer personal experience was that she worked in a bar before finding her first proper job as an aerial photographic assistant. So she says such work is a great networking opportunity. If new graduates aregood at such work and bright, cheerful and polite, they will soon be promoted. Her personal experiencethus reflects – or perhaps has created – her point of view.7 What would the first two paragraphs have focused on if they had been presented from the point of viewof the students rather than the parentsThe first two paragraphs would have focused on the need for the new graduates to rest for a bit aftertheir hard studies. It is OK for students to relax with the TV or to socialize with friends for a while, then they can start a serious search for employment after that.Active reading (2)If you ask meBackground informationThis is an informal and personalized account of an economics graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year andthen has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). She works in a London pub called “The Salisbury”or “The Marquis Salisbury”, named after someone who was the British Prime Minister three times between 1885 and 1902 and whose family once owned the pub’s land. The 100 year old pub is in Leadenhall Street, just off the Charing Cross Road and Leicester Square. Daytime customers can get a pub lunch and evening customers include many office workers and theatre goers (the pub is near many West End theatres). Theinterior of this pub is dazzling, with large mirrors, cut glass and a mahogany décor.British pubs are often named after famous people (Robin Hood, The Duke of Wellington) or royalty (The Queen’s Arms, the Prince of Wales) or historical symbols (The Rose and Crown to represent King EdwardIII, The Royal Oak to represent King Charles II who once hid in a large oak tree). Other names often include colours and animals (The Red Bull, The Black Horse, The Golden Lion, The Swan) or symbols of traditional trades (The Compasses for carpenters, The Three Hammers for blacksmiths, The Three Tuns for winemakers).As the pub is a social place to meet as well as a place to get a drink, people often play games like dominoes or darts or join a quiz or competition. A common expression is to “go down the pub” or “go ro und to thelocal” (both meaning to go to the local pub). Culture pointspub in London: A pub is a place where people go for a drink and to meet friends and socialize. People can play games – such as darts, cards, dominoes – in a pub and pubs often have quiz nights, with prizes for thewinners, and live music (See also Background information)The Salisbury is a well-known pub in central London (See also Background information)London School of Economics is a distinguished university in central London, famous for social sciences.Language points1 If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. (Para 1)In my opinion (If you ask me introduces an opinion), real life is not everything that people say it is. If athing is cracked up to be, people normally praise it but in the opinion of the speaker they are wrong.2 … spending money when you don’t have any is dead easy. (Para 7)Dead here means very. For example, we can say dead tired (exhausted), a dead loss (a complete loss or useless), a dead weight (very heavy, difficult to lift).3 What were the odds on anyone being so nice (Para 11) What are the chances that someone would be so nice The writer is emphasizing here that such kindness isvery unusual.4 … looking back after all these years, you only n eedone or two breaks in your life to succeed.(Para 13)A break here means a chance to be successful. A lucky break is an unexpected opportunity.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What did the writer want to do after finishing her degree(a) To do an MA at the London School of Economics.(b) To earn some money to pay off her loan.(c) To start working as soon as possible.(d) To return home and help her mother.2 Why did she ask for a job in The Salisbury(a) She was hungry and thirsty.(b) She thought it would lead to better things.(c) She was a friend of the landlord.(d) She had the idea when she saw the landlord working.3 What did she buy with her first salary(a) A bunch of flowers.(b) A CD and a plant for the flat she lived in.(c) A ham sandwich and a glass of beer.(d) She didn’t have any money left after paying thebills.4 Why did Tony give her £20,000(a) He found out it was her birthday and wanted to help.(b) He trusted her and thought it would help her.(c) He wanted her to leave the pub and work for him.(d) He was secretly in love with her.5 What did she do with the money(a) She used it to pay for her course at the LSE.(b) She lost a lot of it in the 2008 stock market crash.(c) She invested it and paid back Tony and other investors.(d) She used it to start her own business.6 Why was Tony pleased when she repaid the loan(a) He had had an accident and needed the money for a wheelchair.(b) It meant that he would be able to see her again.(c) It proved that he had been right to invest in her.(d) She paid back the loan with a lot of interest.3 Work in pairs and answer the questions.What do we know about the writer’s:1 family backgroundHer mother had worked hard for 15 years to support hereducation but couldn’t afford any furthersupport. Her father wasn’t around most of the time. He didn’t have any money because he spent it on gambling on dog racing or drinking in pubs.2 career as a studentShe had a good degree in economics and wanted to study for a masters course at the London School of Economics.3 ambitionShe wanted to get a job in finance or investments in London because then she would be able to use her degree.4 appreciation of other peopleShe appreciated Mike’s friendliness with customers and his skill, and she appreciated Tony as a nice person; later she appreciated the trust of Tony and his friends5 love lifeWe don’t know much about this, except that she doesn’t like boys to hassle her. She thinks they are immature.6 financial expertiseIt must be quite good: She invested the £20,000 and made enough profit to pay the money back withinterest and set up her own company.7 sense of responsibilityShe has a strong sense of responsibility because she paid back the money to the investors and paid theman annual interest for the loan.8 philosophy of lifeShe believes that you should work hard; you may need one or two breaks to succeed but you shouldknow how to use the breaks. You should be honest and responsible with people who trust you.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting partof an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding) 5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Teaching tipsWhen Ss have completed the blanks with the correct form of the appropriate words, ask them to practice reading the dialogue, trying to make their reading sound as conversational as possible. Choose a pair to perform their reading to the class. The class listens and gives the performing pair a rating on a scale of 1-10for fluency and naturalness.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you doB I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who workedthere were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of moneyB No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough tokeep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before gettinga degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key: (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored bywhat they say3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or(b) it happened almost by chance6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers mostoften7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or(b) not easy at all8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly tothem9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happierReading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I findThis shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader。

应Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense ofpressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find? This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to thereader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had myeye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discour se marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the se ntences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I migh t to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserve s, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get thepromotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I thin k it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond oursheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞ 翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。

Unit 4Text AText rganization 1.2.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3. 1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest carmaker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with hiswife over money matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he gave) that he didn ’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. C loning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that seriousscientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. academics 3.a variety of 5. vanish7. endorsing 9. sweeping aside 11. erasing (B) 1. aided 2.effects 3.distances 4. connected 5. invested 6. features 7. prevailing 8. qualitatively 9. volume 10. Distinguishing2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic12. strike a balance2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.2．Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The internet has strengthened the links betweenChinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish. Part III Text BComprehension Check1. c2. a3. b4. b5. c6. dTranslation1.如果9/11 有什么引人注目的地方，那就是恐怖主义者们来自世界上全球化程度最低、最不开放、融合程度最低的地方：沙特阿拉伯、也门、阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北部。

Unit 4 Looking GoodUnit Goals1. Discuss appropriate dress2. Comment on fashion and style3. Evaluate ways to change one’s appearance4. Describe what makes a person beautiful5. Write a description of peopleLesson 1Lead-inTV Documentary: Selling Them ShortA. The report mentions some problems short men face. What are they?buying clothes, getting a date, seeing around people in elevators, seeing a movie screen, driving carsB. Use words from the box to complete the statement. You will not use all of the words.1. mature and respected2. submissive, childish, weakVideo ScriptLynn Sherr: Imagine a world where nothing fits. Where pants are too long.Craig: The crotches are down to here, the seat’s down to here, the pants are up to there.Lynn Sherr: Where elevators are filled with giants.Rob: You kind of get cramped. And you know, it’s kind of hard to breathe sometimes.Lynn Sherr: Where driving a car means your feet don’t reach the pedals.David: You have to fumble down here, and some have bars underneath and some have these little electronic things on the side you have to figure out.Lynn Sherr: And where you can’t see the movie screen, let alone find a date to there.lst woman: I don’t care hair color, eye color, skin color-they need to be tall. Sorry.Lynn Sherr: Welcome to the world of short men. Ralph Keyes, 5’7”, wrote a book about height.Ralph Keyes: We just assume anybody we’re looking up to has power…has power over us.Lynn Sherr: We put Chris and Debbie, colleagues here at ABC News, in front of our camera, posing at different heights. Half the shots showed Chris as the tallerof the pair.Chris: The air’s kind of thin up here.Lynn Sherr: In the other half, Debbie was taller. Then we gave the photos to students at Fairleigh Dickinson University, and asked them to tell us a story about whatwas going on. When Chris was taller, the adjectives used to describe himwere mature and respected. When Chris was shorter than Debbie, theycalled him submissive, childish, weak. Andrea McGinty, who runs a datingservice in Chicago, knows all the tricks. We asked her to help us constructan experiment to test just how willing women are to date shorter men. Andwe found three brave volunteers. Stu is the shortest. How tall are you?Stu: I’m 5 foot. And 5’5” with the Afro.Lynn Sherr: Rob is 5’3”. He prefers taller women.Rob: I kind of enjoy it. I mean, I think there are some serious advantages to being a little bit, having a woman who’s a little bit taller.Lynn Sherr: David is getting married this fall.David: She is 5 feet tall.Lynn Sherr: And you are?David: I am 5’6”.Lynn Sherr: Oh, well.David: Giant, right.Lynn Sherr: We recruited other men about the same age as David, Stu, and Rob, but taller.We asked them all to dress in jeans and a sweater, then we did somethingcruel. We put them in lineups, five at a time, behind a two-way mirror. Themen couldn’t see or hear what was going on in the next room. That’s wherewe invited groups of women to look at the men and choose a date. In thiscase, we wanted to see if anyone would pick 5’3” Rob. When Andrea told uswomen like doctors, we gave him an M.D. Their choice?2nd woman: Anderw.3rd woman: I would say, Matt.Lynn Sherr: No, Rob. We piled on some more assets. We said, besides being a doctor, he was also a best–selling author and champion skier who just built his own skihouse.Andrea McGinty: Does that affect your choices?4th woman: He’s still short.Lynn Sherr: Then we gave Rob a promotion. We made him chief of at a prestigious hospital.Andrea McGinty: Who would you pick, Kim?5th woman: Andrew’s probably the closest to who I’d pick.6th woman: I’d pick Matt.7th woman: Jeffrey, the pilot.Lynn Sherr: What would it take? Now, we said Rob was also a gourmet cook who loves children.8th woman: Oh, definitely I would take him in a minute, then. Height, no problem.7th woman: I wouldn’t, because I would think I don’t want short, little kids. I was thinking that!Lynn Sherr: Well, at least someone liked Rob. But if it was this harsh for him at 5’3”, what would it take to get a date for Stu at just 5 feet?ListeningPart 1A. Sound BitesRead and listen to a conversation between a couple about dressing up and dressing down.Teaching Suggestions●Have students look only at the photos. Ask:What’s the man wearing in the first photo? (a suit and tie)What’s he wearing in the second one? (jeans and a T-shirt)Where do you think the people are going?●Say You are going to hear a conversation about dressing up and dressing down. AskWhat do you dressing up and dressing down mean?●Have students read and listen to the conversationLanguage note: Students may need help with the following words or expressions:T39B. Pair WorkUse the following words to tell the story of what happened in the conversation. Teaching suggestions●To check comprehension of the words in the box, ask:In which photo is Paul wearing formal clothing? (the first)In which is he wearing casual clothing? (the second)In which photo is Paul overdressed? (the first) Why?Why is he underdressed in the second photo?●In pairs, have students tell the story of what happened in the conversation using thewords in the box.●Circulate to offer help with the new words as needed.●To review, have a volunteer tell the story to the class.Part 2Evaluate Ways to C hange One’s AppearanceA. Listening ComprehensionListen to Part 1 of a radio program about men’s hairstyles. Then read the statements and listen again. Complete the statements, according to the information in the program.1. a2. b3. aScript T44Part 1 [C = Chuck Sims, host; S = Susan Yiga1, Australia]C: Chuck Sims here, and you’re listening to In Style. T oday we welcome Susan Yiga1, a hairstylist who does a lot of work for the film industry. Susan has won numerous awards for her beautiful work.S: Oh, thanks.C: Susan, I love your work. So many movies. So many gorgeous actors.S: Thank you, Chuck. Great to be here.C: Susan is an expert on the history of hairstyles, and today we’re going to focus on men’s hairstyles. Susan, tell us something about how men’s hairstyles changed in the twentieth century.S: Absolutely. But before I do, let’s not forget some of the styles that were in fashion before the twentieth century. Remember that back in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, among the European upper classes, the wig was a fashion must. Everyone wore one.C: Think wigs will ever come back?S: These days, you never know. Do you know why they became so fashionable?C: Not really.S: Well, you see, in the seventeenth century, King Louis XIV of France was going bald –so he had a staff of about forty wig makers working on long curly wigs for him to wear. C: Forty wig makers!S: Yes. And of course it then became the rage for all men to wear long curly wigs – until the nineteenth century. At that time, the style changed, and men stopped wearing wigs by the beginning of the nineteenth century. After that, they generally wore their own hair fair fairly long, and most men wore very long beards or sideburns.C: Which we see in some of the very early photos from that time.S: Right. But by the early twentieth century, that had changed. The norm for men was to wear their hair cut very, very short. And beards were something only grandfathers wore.If a man wore a mustache at all, it was cut very short.C: Until the 1960s and’70s, of course.S: Of course.B. Read the following statements and listen to Part 2 again. Complete the statements, according to the information in the program.1. b2. a3. cScriptPart 2S: By the 1960s, in Europe and throughout the Americas, men began to wear their hair long, and they grew beards and mustaches – pretty much as a protest against decades of what they saw as a very conservative culture.C: I remember that.S: At that time there had been an unwritten fashion code that said any man who didn’t wearhis hair very short – or who had a beard – was a radical.C: That’s hard to believe today.S: But that’s how it was. In the UK and the U.S., rock musicians led the way with hair, and mustaches seeming to get longer each year.C: Men today don’t always realize what an incredible change that was. Isn’t that true?S: Absolutely. How a man wore his hair was a social and political statement. But today,men’s hair fashions are all over the place –which was certainly not true back then.Men can wear their hair either long or short. Anything goes.C: Ponytails. Braids.S: Yup. A short beard or moustache.C: The goatee has been the beard of choice for a number of years now.S: And, of course, the bald look has become very popular now. Who would have thought twenty years ago that men would actually choose to shave off all their hair! No way! C: Any other trends worth looking at?S: Well, we haven’t said anything yet about men dyeing their hair. Over the last decade some men have chosen to dye their hair bright blond, red, yellow –even green or purple.C: Yeah, as a matter of fact, I saw that last time I was in Tokyo.S: That’s right. I’ve heard that in Japan this is a kind of social statement in response to strict school dress codes.C: Well, thank you, Susan, for … ahem … letting your hair down about a very interesting subject.S: Good one, Chuck. Thanks for having me.Teaching suggestionsStep 1Have a volunteer read the statements and answer choices out loud. If necessary, explain the meanings of unfamiliar terms.Step 2Review answers as a class.Step 3To have students support their choices, ask What were man protesting against when they changed their hairstyles? What would it have been considered eccentric? Why do they want to express their individuality?Option:Form small groups. To personalize the activity, have male students tell their group members which styles they have worn or would like to wear.C. DiscussionDo you agree with the hair stylist that “anything goes” today for men’s hairstyles? Are there any hairstyles that you really don’t like on a man? Do you think men’s hairstyles have improved or gotten worse in recent times?Teaching suggestionsStep 1To prepare for the discussion, have students look at the photos depicting hairstyles and decide which they like and which they don’t like on a man.Step 2Have students discuss the questions in small groups.Step 3To review, take a class poll. With a show of hands, determine which hairstyles depicted inthe photos are the least popular on a man. Then have students vote on whether they think hairstyles have improved or gotten worse in recent times. Write the results on the board. Step 4To finish, have volunteers summarize the results of the poll.SpeakingComment on Fashion and StyleA. Conversation snapshotTeaching SuggestionsStep 1Before students read and listen, have them look at the photo. Ask What do the man’s clothes say about him? (Possible response: that he likes fashion; that he wants to attract attention)Step 2After students read and listen, check comprehension by asking What does the first woman think about what the man is wearing?What does the second woman think? (that the man is in style; that his shirt is loud.)Language note:Check out is used in spoken English to tell someone to look at someone or something. Can you believe……? Shows you are surprised or shocked by something.Rhythm and Intonation PracticeTeaching SuggestionsHave students repeat chorally.B. VocabularyDescribing fashion and style. Listen and practice.Teaching SuggestionsStep 1Have students listen to the words and study the definitions. Then have students listen and repeat chorally.Step 2Say Use words that are informal (hot, tacky, flashy) with friends or other people you know well.Step 3To provide practice, have pairs use the words or phrases to give their own opinions of the clothes the man in the conversation snapshot picture is wearing.C. Listening ComprehensionListen to the conversations about fashion and style. Choose the adjective that best summarizes each speaker’s point of view.1． a 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. aScriptConversation 1F1: What magazine are you reading?F2: Metropolitan. Want to have a look?F1: Do you mind?F2: Not at all.F1: These purses are fantastic!F2: Which ones? Oh yeah. Everybody’s getting those now.F1: I’ve got to have one.F2: Better hurry before they go out of style!Conversation 2M1: Hey, Jim.M2: Hey, Carl. Whoa! That’s some jacket you’ve got on.M1: Oh, Yeah. It’s my “Look at me” jacket.M2: It’s very … yellow.M1: Hey, Yellow gets attention.M2: Ok, if you say so.Conversation 3F1: Oh, look at that. I don’t believe it.F2: Where?F1: That kid over there. What on earth on earth has she done to her hair?What is she, thirteen?F2: Sounds about right. Oh, that hair!F1: I just can’t believe it.F2: Me neither.Conversation 4 [M2 = U.S., New York]M1: Mr. Spano! How can I help you today?M2: I want to get my wife something nice, you know, for her birthday.M1: Of course! What did you have in mind?M2: Well, actually I was thinking about-I don’t know-a nice dress.M1: Oh, I see! Are you thinking about a party dress?M2: Sounds good.M1: May I suggest this simple black silk dress?M2: Hmm, nice. very tasteful.M1: Very nice. I think your wife will find it very attractive.M2: Yeah, I like it very much. But I want to look around and see what else you’ve got.Conversation 5 [F2 = U.S., Midwest]F1: Stac y, thanks so much for coming over to help. You’re a real friend.F2: Hey, I understand. It’s hard to clean out your closet alone.F1: Ok. Let’s start with this blouse.F2: All right then. Hold it up so I can see it … Whoa!When did you get that?F1: Must have been a bout … oh, maybe eight years ago.F2: Uh, think that one can go.F1: Toss it?F2: Yup. No one’s wearing that anymore.ReadingText ABackground Information 少Key Words and Expressionsdevious adj.不正当的Achieve success by devious means or get rich by devious ways.Let's take the devious route home to avoid the crowds in the main roads. groom v.使整洁Jack groomed himself carefully in front of the mirror.Xiao Liu cares for hisr appearance and often well groomed.offensive 攻击性的The offensive troops gained ground quickly.The general led a massive military offensive attack.conservative adj.保守的The president always wears a conservative dark suit. We agree with the conservative use of natural resources.Subdue v. 1.克制Subdued my excitement about the upcoming holiday.2.开垦Farmers subdued the arid lands of Australia.self-confidence 自信Without self-confidence we are as babes in the cradle.Jenny showed her self-confidence in fighting against the illegal affairs.. Teaching Suggestions 少Reference Translation从骇人听闻到引人注目纹身获得认同正如时尚的此起彼伏，穿着打扮的标准也在继续改变。

应Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discour se marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, Icould use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the se ntences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I migh t to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserve s, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I thin k it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees. (c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。