FDA食用改性淀粉标准
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《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂醋酸酯淀粉》(征求意见稿)编制说明一、工作简况,包括任务来源与项目编号、标准主要起草单位、协作单位、主要起草人、简要起草过程(一)任务来源与项目编号、主要起草单位、协作单位及主要起草人食品添加剂醋酸酯淀粉列入2011年食品安全国家标准制定计划项目,受卫生部的委托(委托协议书项目编号39 ),中国淀粉工业协会作为主要承担单位负责组织该标准的制定工作。
本标准主要起草单位有:江南大学,中国淀粉工业协会变性淀粉专业委员会。
本标准主要起草人有:顾正彪,洪雁,孙明导,周庆峰,呼旭侠,李兆丰,邱立忠,吕春林,程力,陈颖,张小茹,史琦云,王亮,李欢。
(二)简要起草过程1)接到本任务后,中国淀粉工业协会高度重视,成立了以江南大学和变性淀粉专业委员会牵头、业内相关企业参加的标准起草工作组。
2)本标准的起草工作组经过认真研究和讨论,考虑到卫生部公布的“关于磷酸酯双淀粉等14个食品添加剂的质量规格标准的公告”与中国商业联合会牵头起草的《食用变性淀粉》质量标准(报批稿)中涉及到的安全指标与检验方法相一致,而这些数据和方法已经多次讨论和征求过意见。
故直接形成标准文本,再经行业相关专家和企业代表于2012年1月13日在东莞讨论,形成此报批稿。
二、与我国有关法律法规和其他标准的关系本标准在卫生部公告的基础上,配套各项指标的检测方法,并整理成食品添加剂安全标准文本格式。
三、国外有关法律、法规和标准情况的说明世界卫生组织和世界粮农组织(WHO/FAO)的食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)、美国的《食品化学法典》(FCC)及其食品和药品管理局(FDA)和欧盟指令2008/84/EC(EU)中均规定了醋酸酯淀粉标准。
四、标准的制(修)订与起草原则(一)以科学为依据以科学技术和实验数据为依据,结合产品实际生产情况,经过科学研究而制定。
(二)以保证食品安全、保护人民健康为原则我国醋酸酯淀粉产品生产工艺日趋稳定和完善,国内外贸易量不断增加,本标准的制定充分考虑确保产品质量安全及有效地促进和满足国内外市场贸易需求,以保证食品安全、保护人民健康。
食品专业英语化学品/农药残留物检测系统- Chemical/pesticide residue testing;外界污染源勘测仪器- Detection of foreign contaminating objects;实验室设备和传感器- Laboratory equipment and sensors;射线杀菌和巴氏杀菌消毒技术- Irradiation sterilization and pasteurization technology; 超高温杀菌设备- Over-temperature sterilization equipment;冷冻速冻设备- Freezing and deep freezing equipment;超临界萃取设备- Over-critical extraction equipment;膜分离设备- Velum seperation equipment;分子蒸馏设备- Molecule distillation equipment;无菌(真空)包装设备- Vacuum packaging equipment;化学品分析仪器- Chemical analyzers;食品成分分析仪器- Constituent analyzers;过滤设备- Filtration equipment;食品预处理设备- Food preparation equipment;湿度控制仪器- Humidity control equipment;食品配料分析仪器- Ingredient analyzers;污染控制设备- Pollution control equipment;离析器- Separators;饮业清洁设备- Catering sanitizers;温度纪录仪器- Temperature recording equipment;检测设备- Testing equipment;废物处理设备- Waste disposal equipment;水质量分析和控制设备- Water quality analysis and control equipment;气相/液相色谱仪- Gas/Liquid chromatogram apparatus.溶剂- Solvents;餐饮业厨房用地板- Kitchen flooring for catering;手套- Gloves;清洁剂- Cleanser;试纸、试剂- Test paper and reagent.审核和认证服务- Auditing and certification;数据库和软件服务- Databanks and software on regulatory issues;实验室食品分析服务- Food analysis laboratory services;咨询服务- Consulting services;食品质量控制管理服务- Food quality control management services;食品安全管理服务- Food safety management services;食品卫生管理服务- Food hygiene management services;HACCP和BRC培训服务- HACCP & BRC training services;微生物检测和认证服务- Microbiology testing and identification services;专家咨询服务- Regulatory experts services;食品安全保障技术- Food safety guarantee technology;生物工程技术- Biology engineering technology食品安全Food Safety食品防御安全Food SecurityEEC serial No.欧共体(食品添加剂)顺序号EFEMA(European Food Emulsifer Manufacturers Association) 欧洲食品乳化剂制造者协会encapsulating agent for food additives and vitamins 食品添加剂和维生素用包囊剂engineering food 工程食品enrich (食品)增补(营养素),强化;富集,浓缩;加料enriched food 强化(营养素)食品Expert Committee on Food Additive 食品添加剂专家委员会extruded food 挤压食品Fabricated food 合成食品,组合食品FAC(Food Advisory Committee) (英国)食品咨询委员会fad food 应时食品FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Alimentary Codex(CA-C) FAO/WHO食品卫生法规联合委员会FAP(Food Additive Petition)(U.S.) 食品添加剂申请书FAS(Food Additives Seriser)食品添加剂丛书FASS(Food Additives and Comtaminants Committee) (英国)食品添加剂及污染物委员会FCC(Food Chemicals Codex) 食品用化学品法规,食品用化学品法典FD&C (Food,Drug and Cosmetic Act) 食品、药物及化妆品条例(法)FDA 美国食品与药物管理局;美国FDAFDA(U.S.Food and Drug Adinistration) 美国食品与药物管理局FDD(Food and Drug Directorate) 食品和药物理事会fecala [由葛根、木薯等植物淀粉制成的食品]Federal Food Drugs and Cosmetic Act 联邦食品药品化妆品法(美国)Federal food standards (美国)联邦食品标准Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act(FFDCA) 联邦食品、药物和化妆品条例(法)fermentating food 发酵食品,酿造食品fermented goods 发酵制品,发酵食品FFDCA(Federal Food , Drug ,and Cosmetic Act) 联邦食品、药物和化妆品条例(法)FG(food grade) 食品级FIA(Food Ingredients Asia) 亚洲食品配料展览会FIC(Food Ingredients China) 中国食品配料展览会FIE(Food Ingredients Europe) 欧洲食品配料展览会finished food 制成的食品FISA(Food Ingradients of South American) 南美食品配料展览会flavology (食品)风味学flavor food 风味食品flavor industry 食品香料工业,调味料工业flavor-dependent food 依赖香精的食品;与香味有关的食品flavor-independent food 不依赖香精的食品;与香味无关的食品flavorings 食品香精[表示多数]flavour aditive 香味添加剂,食品香精添加剂flavour adjunct 食品香精辅助物flavouring foods 调味食品flavouring industry 食品香料香精工业flavouring matter 食品香料FMF(Food Manufacturer’s Federation(London)) (伦敦)食品制造商联合会FNP(Food and Nutrition Paper) (联合国粮农组织)食品与营养文集FNS(Food and Nutrition Serise) (联合国粮农组织)食品与营养丛书fold flavor 浓缩过的食品香精(香料)food 食品,食物,粮食,养料food additive 食品添加剂Food Additive Petition (U.S.) (FAP) 食品添加剂申请书food additives 食品添加剂Food Additives Amendment 食品添加剂修正案Food Additives Series(FAS) 食品添加剂丛书food adjunct 食品助剂food adulteration 食品掺假Food Advisory Committee(FAC) 食品咨询委员会food allergy 食品过敏food analysis 食品分析Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of U.S. 美国食品与药物管理局Food and Drug Administration(U.S.)(FDA) 美国食品与药物管理局Food and Nutrition Board(FNB) 食品与营养委员会Food and Nutrition Paper(FNP) (联合国粮农组织)食品与营养文集Food and Nutrition Series(FNS) (联合国粮农组织)食品与营养丛书food antiseptics 食品防腐剂food chemicals 食品用化学品Food Chemicals Codex Committee 食品用化学品法典(规)委员会Food Chemicals Codex(FCC) 售用化学品法典;食品用化学品法规food chemistry 食品化学food color 食品(用)色素food constituent 食品成分food contamination 食品污染food control 食品质量控制,食品质量检查food distribution center (美)食品分销中心,批发站food dye 食品(用)色素food engineer 食品工程师food engineering 食品工程(学)food enricher 食品强化剂food factory 食品厂food fermentation 食品发酵food flavour 食品香味;食品香精,食品香料;食品调味料food flavouring 食用调味料,调味品,食品香精food fortification 食品强化food fortifier 食品强化剂food grade mineral oil 食品级矿物油food grade(FG) 食品级food green S 食品绿Sfood handling 食品加工food hygiene 食品卫生学food hygiene law 食品卫生法food hygienic quality detection 食品卫生质量鉴定food industry 食品工业food infection 食品(带菌)传染food ingredient 食品成分,食品配料Food Ingredients Asia(FIA) 亚洲食品配料展览会Food Ingredients China(FIC) 中国食品配料展览会Food Ingredients Europe(FIE) 欧洲食品配料展览会Food Ingredients of South American(FISA) 南美食品配料展览会food inspection 食品检验food inspection rules 食品卫生检验规则food irrdiation 食物照射,食品辐照food labelling 食品标志food laws 食品法规food legislation 食品立法food microbiology 食品微生物学food nutrition 食品营养food of animal origin 动物性食品food of plant orgin 植物性食品food packaged 食品包装food packing 食品包装food preservation 食品保藏food preservative 食品保存剂,食品防腐剂food processing 食品加工;食品热杀菌food processing aide 食品加工助剂food processing industry 食品加工工业food processing plant 食品加工厂food product 食物产品,食品food products regulations 食品法规food regulation 食品法规food requirements 对食品的需要food safety 食品安全性Food Safety and Quality Service(FSQS) 食品安全与质量管理处Food Safety Council of U.S. 美国食品安全性协会Food Safey and Inspeciton Service (FSIS) 食品安全检验处food sanitation law 食品卫生法规food science 食品科学food spoilage 食物腐败,食品败坏food stability 食品稳定性,食品耐贮性food stamp 食品券food standard 食品标准food standard committee 食品标准委员会food starch, modified 食品用改性淀粉food starch, unmodified 食品用未改性淀粉food sterilization equipment 食品杀菌设备food storage 食品贮存food substance 食品food supervisions 食品卫生监督food supplement 食品增补剂food supplementation 食品增补food surveillance 食品监督gelled foodstuff 凝胶食品generally recognized as safe(GRAS) (食品添加剂的)公认安全,一般认为安全genetically modified food,GMF 转基因食品geriatric food 老年食品GM food (genetically modified food) 转基因食品gourmet food 鲜美食品,珍贵食品grading food quality 食品质量分级GRAS(generally recognized as safe) (食品添加剂的)公认安全,一般认为安全green food 绿色食品grocery 食品杂货;食品杂货店;小酒馆Health food 健康食品,保健食品Health Ingredients Europe(HIE) 欧洲健康(保健)食品配料展览会health-care food 保健食品heat-and-eat food pack 加热即食的包装食品,快速食品heat-and-eat frozen food 加热即食的冷冻食品,速冻快速食品HIE(Health Ingredients Europe) 欧洲健康(保健)食品配料展览会hyposite 低热量食品ICMSF 国际食品微生物标准鉴定委员会;ICMSFIFAC(International Food Additives Council) 国际食品添加剂委员会IFIS(Iternational Food Information Service) 国际食品咨询服务处IFMA(International Food Manufacture Association) 国际食品制造者协会IFST(Institute of Food Science and Technology) 食品科学与工艺学学会IFT(Institute of Food Technologists) 食品工艺学家学会[美]indicator of food hygiene quality 食品卫生质量指标indirect food additive 间接食品添加剂infant food 婴儿食品infant formula 婴儿配制食品INFD(International Network of Food Data) 国际食品数据网inflight meal 航空食品,飞机内用的便餐,机内客饭INS(International Numbering System) 国际编码系统[联合国食品法典委员会] inspector of food hygiene 食品卫生监督员instant food 即食品instantizer 速溶剂;速溶机;速溶食品生产设备Institute of Food Technologists(IFT) 食品工艺学家学会[美]intentional food additive 有意食品添加剂,故意(加入的)食品添加剂intermediate-moisture foods 中等水分食品International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods of IAMS 国际食品微生物标准鉴定委员会;ICMSFInternational Food Additives Council (IFAC) 国际食品添加剂委员会International Food Information Service(IFIS) 国际食品咨询服务处International Food Manufacture Association(IFMA) 国际食品制造者协会International Network of Food Data (INFD) 国际食品数据网International Uion of Food Science and Technology(IUFOST) 国际食品科学技术协会International Union of Food Science andTechnology 国际食品工艺学联合会;IUFOST International Union of Food Workers (IUF)International Union of 国际食品工作者联合会invalid food 疗效食品,病人食品irradiated food 照射食品,辐照食品irradiated product 照射(杀菌)食品irradiation 辐射,照射;食品照射保藏法isolate flavor 单离食品香料IUF(International Union of Food Workers ) 国际食品工作者联合会IUFOST 国际食品工艺学联合会;IUFOSTIUFOST(International Uion of Food Workers) 国际食品科学技术协会Japan Food Additives Associatiion(JFAA) 日本食品添加剂协会Japanese Standard of Food Additives(JSFA) 日本食品添加剂标准JECFA FAO/WHO 食品添加剂专家联合委员会;JECFAJECFA(Jonint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) FAO/WHO 食品添加剂联合专家委员会jecorize (食品的)鱼肝油(增补)化,外加鱼肝油JFAA(Japan Food Additives Associtatioin) 日本食品添加剂协会JFCMP(Jonit FAO/WHO Food Contamination Monitoring Programme) FAO/WHO联合食品污染监控计划Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives FAO/WHO 食品添加剂专家联合委员会;JECFAJoint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA) FWO/WHO食品添加剂联合专家委员会Joint FAO/WHO Food Contamination Monitoring Programme(JFCMP) FAO/WHO联合食品污染监控计划JSFA(Japanese Standard of Food Additives) 日本食品添加剂标准junior food 幼儿食品junket 凝乳食品Junket dessert 乳酪食品kasher 犹太食品lacquers 漆;(食品容器的)涂料;罐头涂料lasting food 防腐食品,耐入存的食品leavened food 发酵食品,膨发食品low acid foods 低酸性食品[pH在4.6以上的食品]low calorie food 低热量(能量)食品low-fat food 低脂(肪)食品low-fat spread 低脂(肪)涂抹食品lubricating oil for food machine 食品工业用机械润滑油management of food hygiene 食品卫生管理marine food 海产食品,海味marine food 海产食品,海味microwaveable food 微波食品milk substitute 代乳食品minimally processed foods 最少加工食品modified food starch 改性食品用淀粉National Canners Association (NCA) (美国)罐头食品协会National Nutritonal Foods Association(NNFA) (美国)全国营养食品协会NCA(national Canners Association) (美国)罐头食品协会negative list (食品添加剂)禁止使用的一览表;否决单neutraceutical [具有预防疾病性质的一类食品添加剂,如β-胡萝卜素] niacytin 结合烟酸,烟酸与糖的络合物[由烟酸与食品中的某些成分结合而成] NNFA(National Nutritional Foods Association) (美国)全国营养食品协会novel food 新颖食品nutritive 营养的,滋养的,食品的,食物的objectionable constituent (食品中)有害成分olderly food 老年人食品pabulum 食粮,食品,饲料packing 充填物;食品加工业;填充;填料parkelp 褐藻类(制)食品pastry 焙烤(面制)食品,发面点心,面制糕点perishable 易腐的,易坏的;易腐食品;易腐货载perishable food 易腐食品pet food 宠物食品,玩赏动物食品phenylalanine-free food 无苯丙氨酸食品physical hazards, food-related 与食品有关的物理危害pickle 腌菜,泡菜;腌制食品pickled food 腌渍食品picnic 野餐,各人自带食品的聚餐;猪前腿(肉)PL(positive list) (食品添加剂的)准许使用名单positive list(PL) (食品添加剂的)准话使用名单pouch food (小)袋装食品prepared food 预制食品,速煮食品,方便食品,预加工食品preserved food 罐头食品processed cheese food 加工干酪食品;加工干酪制品processed food 加工食品protection food 合格食品,符合质量要求的食品protective food 保健食品puffed food 膨化食品quick-cooking good 速煮食品quick-frozen food 速冻食品quick-serve meal 快餐食品radiated food 辐射食品radicidation 辐射杀菌,辐射灭菌,针对性的杀菌;食品的低剂量射线处理ready-to-eat 方便食品,即食食品,速煮食品ready-to-eat product 方便食品ready-to-eat-meal 快餐食品,方便食品,现成食品ready-to-serve food 速煮食品recombined food 调制食品,重组食品recommended program of food safety evaluation 食品安全性评价程序建议reconstitution 复原,还原,冲调,复水;浓缩食品稀释至初始浓度Red book 红皮书[指美国FDA1982年出版的食品添加剂安全评价的毒物学原则一书] reformed food 改制食品regulatory status 食品法规管理restructured food 重组食品retorted foods 杀菌(袋装)食品,(高压)蒸煮袋食品SAA(The Soyfoods Association of America) 美国大豆食品协会satchel 纸袋,袋装食品[主要指糖果]SCF(European Scientific Committee on Food) (欧洲)食品员会Scientific Committee for Food (欧洲)食品科学委员会semimoist foods 半(湿)食品set milk 凝乳食品sitology 食品学,营养学smoke foods 烟熏食品snack food 小吃食品;休闲食品;零食;快餐食品snack foods 小食品sorption curve 吸收曲线[食品中水分和活性水分之相关曲线]soyfoods 大豆食品space dood 航天食品special used food 特殊用途食品special-purpose food 专用食品specific foods 特种食品standard of food hygiene 食品卫生标准standardized foods 标准化食品sterilized food 灭菌食品synergist and solubilizer for antioxidants and flavours 抗氧化剂和食品香味料的增效剂和增溶剂tannins(food grade) 食品级单宁technical rule of food hygiene 食品卫生技术规范textureizing agent (食品)增稠剂;质地形成剂texturometer (食品)稠度测定仪The Soyfoods Association of America(SAA) 美国大豆食品协会therapeutical food 疗效(性)食品ticbit 珍品,美味食品traditional food 传统食品U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 美国食品和药品管理局U.S.RDA(U.S.Recommended Daily Allowances) (美国食品和药品管理局)推荐的每日营养素供给量(标准)U.S.Recommended Daily Allowances(U.S.RDA) (美国食品和药品管理局)推荐的每日营养素供给量(标准)unintentional food additive 无意食品添加剂,非故意(加入的)食品添加剂,意外的食品添加剂United States Food and Drug Administration 美国食品与药物管理局;美国FDA untraceuticals 保健食品victual 食品,食物,粮食,饮食vitvers 食品,食物weaning food 断奶食品,离乳食品WFC(World Food Council) 世界食品署WFC(World Food Council) 世界食品署WFP(World Food Programme) 世界食品规划white oil for food-machinery 食品机械用白油wholesome 卫生的,有益健康的(食品)World Food Programme (WFP) 世界食品规划Oysters 牡蜊Mussels 蚌类、黑色、椭圆形、没壳的是淡菜Crab 螃蟹Prawn 虾clams 蛤蚌scallops扇贝(小)Crab stick 蟹肉条Peeled Prawns 虾仁King Prawns 大虾Tiger Prawns 虎虾Whelks Tops 小螺肉Shrimps 基围虾Cockles 小贝肉Lobster 龙虾花椒粉Paprika powder孜然粉Cumin powder姜粉Ginger powder麻椒粉Spicy hot powder去皮姜块Peeled Ginger Pieces月桂粉Cassia powder香味粉Bay Leaves powder胡萝卜粉Carrot granules丁香粉Ground Cloves powder葱片Shallot flakes蒜粉Garlic powder甜椒粉Sweet chilli powder黑胡椒粉Black Pepper Powder甜青椒sweet green chilli powder白胡椒粉White pepper powder香葱粉Shallot powder洋葱粉Onion Powder菠菜粉Spinach powder辣椒粉Chilli powder芹菜粉Celery powder五香粉Five Spices Powder芥茉粉Mustard powder咖喱粉Curry powder百里香粉Herbs powder八角粉(大料) Star Aniseed powder当归Angelic香菇粉Fungus powder芹菜粒Celery granules桂皮粉Cinnamon Powder牛肉粒Beef granules茴香粉Fennel powder南瓜粒Squash powder甘草粉Licorice powder人参粉Panax powder砂仁粉Amomum Powder黑胡椒碎Black pepper broken三奈粉Couidium officinale复合芥茉粉Mixed mustard power沙姜粉Sand ginger powder肉寇(玉果粉) Cardemon姜黄粉Turmeric powder白豆蔻粉White nutmeg powde红豆蔻粉Red nutmeg powder草莓粉Strawberry powder肉不同部位的英文翻译一、腰腹部分(质嫩):适合炒肉片,火锅——Tenderloin (Short loin) 里脊............. (脊骨内侧(腹侧)条肉) Porterhouse(Short loin) 里脊,外脊........ (臀腰部脊骨背侧肉) T Bone ... (Short loin) 里脊,外脊........ (胸腰部脊骨背侧肉) Strip loin (Short loin) 嫩腰(诈称里脊) ... (二侧腰肉)Rib eye ......... (Rib) 上脑,外脊(诈称里脊)(胸部背脊肉,略肥) Top Sirloin . (Sirloin) 米龙(诈称里脊) ... (盆骨后肌,近腰臀肉) Tir-tip ..... (Sirloin) 三岔肉 ........... (盆骨前肌,近腹腿肉) Hanger ........ (Flank) 牛腩............. (胸腹隔肌)Flank, Skirt .. (Flank) 牛腩,腰窝........ (下腹肌)二、后腿部分(较老,瘦):适合:烤,酱,卤——Rump ......... (Round) 后腿,仔盖,臀尖... (近腿臀肉)Sirloin tip .. (Round) 后腿,粗和尚头.... (大腿前伸肌)Eye round .... (Round) 后腿,榔头肉...... (大腿肚内芯)Top Round .... (Round) 后腿,底板肉...... (大腿肚)Bottom Round . (Round) 后腿,黄瓜肉,腱子肉(大腿肚近膝) 三、肩胸(前腿) 部分(质老,略肥):适合:炖,红烧,酱,卤——Blade .... (Chuck eye) 上脑,前烧. (近頸脊背肉,质较嫩)7 Bone ....... (Chuck) 前烧,牛肩肉(肩背肉)Shouder ...... (Chuck) 前烧,牛肩肉(肩臂肉)四、肘子, 胸口(质极老) :适合:炖,红烧,酱,卤——Shank ... 肘子,蹄胖,牛腱子. (前后小腿,瘦)Plate ... 弓扣,牛筋肉,牛腩 . (上腹肌,瘦)Brisket . 胸口,奶脯,牛筋肉. (胸脯肉,肥)品质、生产名称类词汇QC quality control||品质管理人员FQC final quality control||终点品质管制人员IPQC in process quality control||制程中的品质管制人员OQC output quality control||最终出货品质管制人员IQC incoming quality control||进料品质管制人员TQC total quality control||全面质量管理POC passage quality control||段检人员QA quality assurance||质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance||出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering||品质工程人员品质保证类:FAI first article inspection||新品首件检查FAA first article assurance||首件确认TVR tool verification report||模具确认报告3B 3B||模具正式投产前确认CP capability index||能力指数CPK capability index of process||模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality||合格供应商品质评估OOBA out of box audit||开箱检查QFD quality function deployment||品质机能展开FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis||失效模式分析8 disciplines 8||项回复内容FA final audit||最后一次稽核CAR corrective action request||改正行动要求corrective action report||改正行动报告常用仪器的英语YAMATO科学仪器-Scientific-Instruments恒温·干燥器/恒温恒湿器Drying Ovens/Humidity Chambers送风定温恒温器Forced Convection Constant Temperature Ovens 惰性气体恒温器Inert Gas Ovens洁净烘箱(洁净干燥箱)Clean Ovens送风定温干燥器Forced Convection Constant Temperature Drying Ovens 空气幕送风定温恒温器Forced Convection Ovens With Air Curtain定温干燥箱Constant Temperature Drying Ovens角形真空定温干燥器Vacuum Drying Ovens恒温恒湿器Constant Temperature and Humidity Chambers流水线设备In-Line System for Underfill Adhesive and Encapsulation干燥架drying rack恒温培养器Constant Temperature Incubators可程式低温培养器Low Temperature Program Type Incubators低温培养器Low Temperature Incubators低温稳定性培养器Low Temperature Stability Incubators培养器IncubatorsCO2培养器CO2 Incubators振荡培养器Shaking Incubators冻结干燥器Freeze Dryers---冻结干燥器Freeze Dryers离心形冻结干燥器Centrifugal Freeze Dryers灭菌器Sterilizers---干热灭菌器Drying Sterilizers高压灭菌器Autoclaves Sterilizers低温等离子灭菌器Low Temperature Plasma Sterilizers环形燃烧管灭菌器Loop Cinerator纯水制造装置Water Purifiers---纯水制造装置Water Stills超纯水制造装置Ultra-pure Water Purifiers简易纯水制造装置Water Purifiers超纯水制造装置系统Ultra-pure Water Purifier System大容量纯水制造装置Water Purifiers System洗净器Washers---实验室玻璃器皿清洗机Laboratory Glassware Washers超声波清洗机Ultrasonic Cleaners大型超声波清洗机Aqueous Ultrasonic Cleaning Systems超声波试管清洗机Ultrasonic Pipet Washers超声波清洗机Ultrasonic Cleaners恒温液槽Constant Temperature Baths---投入式恒温装置Constant Temperature Devices油槽Oil Baths振荡式低温水槽Low Constant Temperature Shaking Baths深槽形恒温水槽Constant Temperature Water Baths粘度测定槽Kinematic Viscosity Baths液压式恒温水槽Constant Temperature Water Baths精密低温恒温水槽Precision Low Constant Temperature Water Baths试验管加热板Heating Blocks冷却液体循环器Cooling Liquid Circulators冷却水循环器Cooling Water Circulators便携式冷却器Immersion Cooler寒流捕获器Cooling Trap冷却水外部循环器Cooling Water Circulators试验槽Thoughs高温炉High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus---马弗炉Muffle Furnaces超高温电气炉Ultra-High Temperature Electric Furnaces高温电气炉High Temperature Electric Furnaces真空气体置换炉Gas Replacement Vacuum Furnaces造粒干燥装置Granulating and Drying Apparatus for Wet Powder Body and Liquid--- 喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer有机溶剂喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer生产线喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer for Product Line浓缩器Evaporators---旋转蒸发仪Rotary Evaporators溶媒回收装置Solvent Recovery Unit乳化·搅拌·振荡器Homogenizers, Stirrers, Shakers---磁力搅拌器Magnetic Stirrers加热板Hot Plates漩涡振荡器Shakers分液漏斗振荡器送液·减压·加压装置Aspirators, Pumps, Compressors搅拌器Stirrers实验室自动乳钵Laboratory Mill/Universal Ball Mill粉碎器Cutting MillsYAMATO电子厂关连仪器Electronics Facilities Related Devices等离子装置Low Temperature Ashers, Cleaners, Etchers---气体等离子蚀刻机Gas Plasma Etcher “Plasma Reactor”气体等离子清洗机Gas Plasma Dry Cleaner气体等离子灰化机Gas Plasma Asher半导体基板自动机器Automatic Machine电子半导体/材料关连仪器Electronics Facilities Related Devices---桌上小型探测显微镜Desk-Top Small Probe Microscope “Nanopics”半导体制造用检查装置Yield Management for Semiconductor Ptoducts非破坏评价解析装置Nondestructive Testing System紫外线洗净·改质装置Ultra-Violet Curing System尘埃计数器Particle Counters风速计Anemometers去静电风机、风幕及静电测定计Auto Balanced Over Head Ion Blower环境试验设备Temperature,Humidity Testing Chamber防湿保管库Moisture-proof StorageNanotechnology半导体用设备ANELV A日本电子制品Jeol振动试验装置Vibration Test Systems冲击试验装置Shock Testing SystemsLCD高压脱泡机YAMATO生命科学关连仪器Life-Science Related Instruments生物技术关连仪器·食品分析仪器Bio-Technology Related Instruments, Food Analysises Instruments—形态观察分析系统Mapping Analyzer生物分子间相互作用分析系统Biomioleculer Interaction Analysis System高速液相色谱仪LC-CE/CEC System血管壁细胞混合培养系统Dynamic Coculture System动植物破碎机基因检查仪器Genopattern AnalyzerATP测定器ATP Measuring Instrument分光光度计Microplate Spectrophotometer细胞培养·发酵用自动分析系统Automated Chemistry Analyzer for Monitoring Cell Culture and Fermentation Processes细胞生死判别系统Cell Vital Analyzer细胞计数分析装置Cell Scaler/Analyzer2元电泳仪荧光Spot Cutter高速冷却离心机High Speed Refrigerated,Centrifuges微量高速离心机High Speed micro-Centrifuges液体中微生物简单测试仪Simple Germ Test Kit “simple Tester”试料混合器Blender防爆冷藏柜Explosion proof Freezer and Refrigerator杀菌水生成系统Sterilization Water Production Device膜式脱气装置Filter-type Air Extractor抗酸化机能水制造装置Acid-Resistant Water Purifier高性能净水器反渗透式高性能净水器分析仪器Analytical Instruments---分光光度计Spectrophotometer元素分析装置Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometerICP发光分光分析ICP Atomic Emission SpectrophotometerX线光分析计X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis气体分析计Gas Analyzers回折/散乱式粒度分布测定装置Analyzer,Particle Size Distribution Laser Diffraction Device低真空走查电子显微镜Scanning Probe Micro Scope高速液相色谱仪Liquid Chromatograph滴定装置Automatic Titration大塚电子制品电位计膜厚计散乱光光度计LCD测定·评价装置热量计天平Balances物性试验·测定器Physical Properties Measuring Apparatus, Testing, and Measuring Apparatus---近红外分析装置Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectrometer融点测定仪Melting Point Measuring Instrument热分析系统Thermo System自动反应装置Automatic Reactor水分计Moisture Analyzer引张压缩试验机Tester,Tension and Compression数字粘度计Digital Viscometer振动式粘度计Vibro Viscometer浸透压测定装置Osmotic Pressure Meters超临界水酸化系统Small SCWO Systems重金属排液处理装置Heavy Metal Eliminator简易水质检查试验纸Water Quality Tester StripsPH计Phmeter导电率计Conductivity Meters湿度计Hygrothermometers过滤器FilterYAMATO试验研究设施Laboratory Design and Engineering---通风柜Fume Hoods排风机Blowers实验台Laboratory Furniture保管柜Storage Cabinets实验台用附属器具Carts and Laboratory Table Attachments环境制御设施Research Facilities, Product Lines, Environment control Devices---生物安全柜Biohazard Safety Equipment废水处理系统Waste Water Treatment试验动物饲养室Bio Clean Room for Animal experiment环境实验设施Research Facilities, Product Lines, Environment Experiment Facilities---电磁波室隔音室恒温室/恒温恒湿室Constant Temperature and Humidity Facilities低温室Constant Low Temperature Facilities人工气候室Artificial Atmospheric Phenomena Simulator动物研究用高压蒸汽灭菌装置Sterilization Systems, for Animal Research化学品/农药残留物检测系统- Chemical/pesticide residue testing;外界污染源勘测仪器- Detection of foreign contaminating objects;实验室设备和传感器- Laboratory equipment and sensors;射线杀菌和巴氏杀菌消毒技术- Irradiation sterilization and pasteurization technology;超高温杀菌设备- Over-temperature sterilization equipment;冷冻速冻设备- Freezing and deep freezing equipment;超临界萃取设备- Over-critical extraction equipment;膜分离设备- Velum seperation equipment;分子蒸馏设备- Molecule distillation equipment;无菌(真空)包装设备- Vacuum packaging equipment;化学品分析仪器- Chemical analyzers;食品成分分析仪器- Constituent analyzers;过滤设备- Filtration equipment;食品预处理设备- Food preparation equipment;湿度控制仪器- Humidity control equipment;食品配料分析仪器- Ingredient analyzers;污染控制设备- Pollution control equipment;离析器- Separators;饮业清洁设备- Catering sanitizers;温度纪录仪器- Temperature recording equipment;检测设备- Testing equipment;废物处理设备- Waste disposal equipment;水质量分析和控制设备- Water quality analysis and control equipment; 气相/液相色谱仪- Gas/Liquid chromatogram apparatus.溶剂- Solvents;餐饮业厨房用地板- Kitchen flooring for catering;手套- Gloves;清洁剂- Cleanser;试纸、试剂- Test paper and reagent.审核和认证服务- Auditing and certification;数据库和软件服务- Databanks and software on regulatory issues;实验室食品分析服务- Food analysis laboratory services;咨询服务- Consulting services;食品质量控制管理服务- Food quality control management services;食品安全管理服务- Food safety management services;食品卫生管理服务- Food hygiene management services;HACCP和BRC培训服务- HACCP & BRC training services;微生物检测和认证服务- Microbiology testing and identification services; 专家咨询服务- Regulatory experts services;食品安全保障技术- Food safety guarantee technology;生物工程技术- Biology engineering technology.营养与食品卫生学英汉互译词汇Aacceptable daily intake (ADI)每日允许摄入量acclimatization 气候适应accumulate 蓄积acetylandromedol 乙酰柽木醇毒acceptable risk level 可接受的危险水平acid-forming food 成酸性食品acid value 酸价Achromobacterium 无色菌属Act for preventing the adulteration of articles ex food and drink 防止饮食品掺假法activator 激活剂,活化剂activity coefficient,AC 活性系数actomyosin 肌凝蛋白acute toxicity test 急性毒性试验additive action 相加作用adipose tissue 脂肪组织administrative rule 行政规范adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adsorption 吸附,吸附作用aerobic repiration 有氧呼吸aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after-ripeness 后熟Agaricus 伞草属Agrostemma githago L. 麦仙翁Adequate intake,AI 适宜摄入量alamine 丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿alcohol 酒精alimentary codex 食品法规Alkaligenes 产碱杆菌属allowance 供给量alpha-BHC a-六六六alpha hemolytic streptococcus甲型溶血性链球菌Alternaria 交链孢霉aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝Alzheimer's dementia早老性痴呆(阿耳茨海默痴呆) Amanita muscaria 毒蝇伞Amanita pantherina 豹斑毒伞Amanita phalloides 毒伞Amanita verna 白毒伞Amanita virosa 鳞柄白毒伞amaranth 苋莱红amatoxins 毒伞八肽类Ames test Ames 试验,艾姆斯试验amino acid pattern 氨基酸模式ammonia 氨Amoeba 阿米巴属,阿米巴原虫,变形虫属amphetamin chloride 冰毒amygdalin 苦杏仁甙amyl nitrite 亚硝基异戊酯amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉anabolism 合成代谢anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸Andersen`s disease 安德森病angular stomatitis 口角炎anion exchange resins 阴离子交换树脂anisatin 毒八角亭antagonistic action 拮抗作用anthraquinone 蒽醌anti-cancer drugs 抗癌药物antiketogenesis 抗生酮作用antioxidant 抗氧化剂antitrypsin 抗胰蛋白酶anthropometry 人体测量学apatite 磷灰石apparent digestibility 表现消化率appetite 食欲apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白applied nutrition 应用营养aquatic organism 水生生物aquatic product 水产品arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸arcus senilis 老年环arginine 精氨酸arsenic 砷Arthrinium 节菱孢属Ascaris lumbricoides 蛔虫Ascaris vermicularis 蛲虫Ascomycetes 子囊菌纲ascorbate 抗坏血酸盐scorbic acid 抗坏血酸Aspergillus 曲霉属Aspergillus albicans 白曲霉Aspergillus candidus 亮白曲霉Aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus 烟曲霉Aspergillus glaucus 灰绿曲霉Aspergillus nidulans 构巢曲霉Aspergillus niger 黑曲霉Aspergillus niveus 霉白曲霉Aspergillus ochraceus 赭曲霉Aspergillus parasiticus 寄生曲霉Aspergillus restrictus 局限曲霉Aspergillus terreus 土曲霉Aspergillus ustus 焦曲霉Aspergillus versicolor 采色曲霉Aspergillus wentti 温特曲霉atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化autophagy 自吞噬availability 可利用率avidin 抗生物素蛋白azide 重氮化合物BBacillus anthracis 炭疽杆菌Bacillus cereous 蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus erysipelatos-suis 猪丹毒杆菌Bacillus subtilis 枯草杆菌Bacillus tuberculosis bovis 牛型结核杆菌bacon 咸猪肉bacterial mutation test 细菌诱变试验bacteriocidal substance 杀菌物质bacteriophage 噬菌体balanced diet 平衡膳食balance test 平衡实验Balantidium coli 结肠小袋绦虫B.alcaligenes metalcaligenes 粪产碱杆菌barley 大麦basal metabolic rate,BMR 基础代谢率basal metabolism,BM 基础代谢basic energy exenditure,BEE 基础能量消耗base-forming food 成碱性食品Basidiomycetes 担子菌纲bean curd 豆腐bean curd blade 百叶bean sprout 豆芽beet 甜菜beetle 甲虫类benefit-risk analysis 利害分析benzimidazole 苯骈咪唑benz(a)anthracene (BA) 苯并(a)蒽benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) 苯并(a)芘benzylamine oxidase 苄胺氧化酶beriberi 脚气病beta-BHC β-六六六β-carotene β-胡萝卜素beta hemolytic streptococcus乙型溶血性链球菌betanin 甜菜苷BHC;1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane六六六bilirubin 胆红素biliverdin 胆绿素bilobol 白果(二)酚bioconcentration 生物富集,生物浓集biodeterioration 生物危害bioenergetics 生物能量学biofeedback 生物反馈biohazard 生物危害biological concentration生物富集,生物浓集biological expansion 生物性膨胀(罐头) biological half-time 生物半减期biological prevention 生物防治biological value 生物价(生理价值) biosynthesis 生物合成biotin 生物素biotransformation 生物转化biotransport 生物转运bis(P-chlorophenyl)acetic acid pp'-滴滴埃1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2--dichloroethane pp′-滴滴滴1,l'-bis(P-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethylene pp′-滴滴伊。
预糊化羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯预糊化羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯(Pre-gelatinized Hydroxypropyl Distarch Phosphate,简称PGHDP)是一种常用的食品添加剂,具有改善食品质地、增加黏性和稳定性的作用。
本文将从PGHDP 的定义、制备方法、应用领域和安全性等方面进行详细介绍。
PGHDP是一种经预处理的羟丙基淀粉磷酸酯,其结构通过酯键将羟丙基和磷酸酯基团引入淀粉分子中。
预糊化处理使得PGHDP在高温下吸水膨胀,并形成稳定的胶体结构,从而方便其在食品加工过程中的使用。
PGHDP的制备主要分为两个步骤。
首先,将淀粉与磷酸酯化合物在一定条件下反应,得到未糊化的PGHDP。
然后,在高温和湿热条件下对未糊化PGHDP进行处理,使其发生糊化和预胶化反应,形成PGHDP。
PGHDP在食品工业中有广泛的应用领域。
首先,PGHDP可用作增稠剂,增加食品的黏度和粘度,改善口感和质地。
例如,在调味品、酱料、果酱和果冻等产品中,PGHDP的添加可以使得产品更加浓稠和口感丰富。
其次,PGHDP还可用作稳定剂,可以防止食品中的水分析出和分离,延长食品的保质期。
此外,PGHDP还可用作乳化剂、增韧剂和抗结剂等,广泛应用于面包、糕点、肉制品、乳制品和冷冻食品等领域。
除了在食品工业中的应用,PGHDP的安全性也备受关注。
根据国际食品添加剂法典委员会(JECFA)和美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的评估,PGHDP被认为是一种安全的食品添加剂,其使用剂量没有明显的毒性和致癌作用。
然而,需要注意的是,对于某些人群,如过敏体质、婴儿和孕妇等,过量摄入PGHDP可能引发过敏反应或不良影响,因此需在食品添加剂使用中谨慎使用。
预糊化羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯是一种常用的食品添加剂,通过预处理和糊化反应产生稳定的胶体结构,具有改善食品质地、增加黏性和稳定性的作用。
其在食品工业中有广泛的应用,在增稠、稳定、乳化和抗结等方面发挥重要作用。
存活的结果亦列于表1至表6。
此项处理即是将各厂商的香辛料包装于耐热的杀菌袋中,利用121℃、15min 、0.1MPa 的高温蒸气灭菌处理,所测得的香辛料(黑胡椒粉、白胡椒粉、五香粉、大蒜粉、甘草粉、红辣椒粉、肉桂粉等)均无微生物存活。
但是121℃、15m in 、0.1MPa 高温蒸气灭菌处理方式,会使部分的香辛料失去原来风味,如A 的甘草粉,B 的大蒜粉及C 的肉桂粉,另外有些香辛料的颜色会变得较褐黑,原因可能为温度过高,致使其焦黑,而且经高温蒸气灭菌处理会破坏部分香辛料的成分与香气。
3结 论各种香辛料的微生物数目,因种类及来源的不同而有明显差异,其中以黑胡椒粉的细菌总数、霉菌酵母菌及耐酸菌数、好气性嗜热菌数、大肠杆菌群数等污染数目最高。
而香辛料分别经过伽玛射线照射(放射剂量27~30kGy)以及包装于耐热袋中的香辛料经高温蒸气灭菌后,都显示无微生物存活,但是有一家厂商的香辛料白胡椒粉、经照射处理后,会失去原来风味,且经复水后会成粘稠状。
而部分厂商的香辛料如茴香粉、甘草粉、胡椒粉等经高温蒸气灭菌处理后,香辛料也会失去原来风味。
参考文献:[1]刘希良, 葛长荣. 肉品工艺学[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社,1997. 168-172.[2]李宗军. 侗族传统酸肉的微生物学特性[D]. 南京农业大学博士学位论文.[3]江汉湖. 食品微生物学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2002,256-287.[4]李宗军, 江汉湖. 肉品微生物与肉类发酵剂[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2002, 28(5): 54-59.[5]FDA. Bacteriological analytical manual for foods[M]. Food and Drug Administration Bureau of Food, USA, 1984. 236-248.收稿日期:2003-09-03基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(29906002);广东科技攻关项目(200330102)作者简介:罗志刚(1975-),男,博士研究生,研究方向为碳水化合物化学与工程。
增稠剂(Thickeners)增稠剂可提高食品的粘稠度或形成凝胶,从而改变食品的物理形状,赋予食品粘润、适宜的口感,并兼有乳化、稳定或使呈悬浮状态的作用。
增稠剂都是亲水性高分子化合物,也称水溶胶。
按其来源可分为天然和化学合成(包括半合成)两大类。
天然来源的增稠剂大多数是由植物、海藻或微生物提取的多糖类物质,如阿拉伯胶、卡拉胶、果胶、琼胶、海藻酸类、罗望子胶、甲壳素、黄蜀葵胶、亚麻籽胶、田箐胶、瓜尔胶、槐豆胶和黄原胶等。
合成或半合成增稠剂有羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸丙二醇酯,以及近年来发展较快,种类繁多的变性淀粉,如羧甲基淀粉钠、羟丙基淀粉醚、淀粉磷酸酯钠、乙酰基二淀粉磷酸酯、磷酸化二淀粉磷酸酯、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯等。
我国增稠剂的生产开发近来发展很快,但还处于较年轻的阶段,从品种到质量,从应用的深度和广度,都还有进一步发展的巨大潜力。
(一)琼脂Agar别名琼胶、洋菜、冻粉性状半透明、白色至浅黄色的薄膜带状、碎片、颗粒或粉末,无臭或稍有臭,口感粘滑,不溶于冷水,可溶于沸水,凝固温度32~42℃,熔点80~90℃。
用途增稠剂、胶凝剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、防干燥剂等。
使用方法1. FAO/WHO(1984)规定:用途及限量为,加工干酪制品,8g/kg(单用或与其它增稠剂合用);火腿、猪脊肉、即食肉汤、羹,按GMP;沙丁鱼及其制品、鲭鱼和鲐鱼罐头,20g/kg(仅灌装汤计,单用或与其它增稠剂或胶凝剂合用),稀奶油,5g/kg(仅用于巴氏杀菌掼奶油或用超高温杀菌的掼打稀奶油和消毒稀奶油);发酵后经加热处理的增香酸奶及其制品,5000mg/kg(单用或与其它稳定剂合用);冷饮,10g/kg(以最终产品计,单用或与其它乳化剂、稳定剂和增稠剂合用)。
亦可用于西式点心、羊羹、馅饼、冰淇淋、酸奶、清凉饮料、乳制品、低热量保健食品等。
2. 美国FDA(1989)规定:用途及限量为,焙烤食品,0.8%;糕点、糖霜、糖果、蜜饯,2.0%;软糖,2%;其它食品,0.25%。
改性淀粉(PSM)对纺织品性能的影响改性淀粉(PSM)是一种常用的纺织品加工助剂,其对纺织品性能的影响是非常显著的。
本文将从吸湿性、染色性、抗菌性和疏水性等方面,详细探讨改性淀粉对纺织品性能的影响。
首先,改性淀粉对纺织品的吸湿性能有着重要的影响。
纺织品经过改性淀粉处理后,其表面形成一层亲水薄膜,使得纤维更容易吸湿。
这一特性使得纺织品更具舒适性,能够更好地吸收和排除身体的湿气,减少了皮肤不适感。
此外,改性淀粉还能有效地降低纺织品的静电,减少纤维之间的摩擦,提高了穿着的舒适度。
其次,改性淀粉对纺织品的染色性能也有很大的影响。
改性淀粉作为一种印染助剂,可以提高纺织品的染料吸附能力,增强染色的均匀性和牢度。
通过改性淀粉的处理,纺织品在染色过程中得到更好的颜色分布,并且具有更好的色牢度,不易褪色。
此外,改性淀粉还可以提供一定的防染效果,使得纺织品在与其他颜色接触时不易发生染色污染。
第三,改性淀粉还具有良好的抗菌性能。
改性淀粉与纺织品中的纤维结合后,可以释放出一种抑制细菌生长的物质。
这种物质可以有效地抑制细菌的繁殖,减少纺织品与皮肤之间的细菌感染风险,起到一定的抗菌保护作用。
因此,应用改性淀粉处理的纺织品尤其适用于内衣、床上用品等与人体直接接触的产品。
最后,改性淀粉还能够改善纺织品的疏水性能。
经过改性淀粉处理后,纺织品的纤维表面形成一层水滑层,减少了纤维与水的接触面积,使得水分更容易滑落。
这一特性不仅使得纺织品在遇到水时更容易干燥,还能有效地防止液体渗透到纤维内部,减少污渍的产生。
因此,应用改性淀粉处理的纺织品尤其适用于户外运动装备、雨衣等需要具备防水功能的产品。
综上所述,改性淀粉(PSM)对纺织品性能的影响是多方面、多角度的。
它可以改善纺织品的吸湿性、染色性、抗菌性和疏水性能,提高纺织品的舒适度、美观度和持久度。
因此,改性淀粉在纺织品加工中的应用前景非常广阔,有着重要的实际意义和经济效益。
希望今后能够进一步研究和开发出更高性能、更环保的改性淀粉助剂,为纺织品产业的发展做出更大的贡献。
巴渝樵夫[高三]按照超市的分类,我们调研了常见食品的添加剂。
下次,你逛超市的时候,别忘了仔细看看食品成分的标签上是否有某些让人不快的名字。
目前我国食品添加剂目录中有1960多种添加剂,共有22类。
分别是(1)防腐剂(2)抗氧化剂(3)发色剂(4)漂白剂(5)酸味剂(6)凝固剂(7)疏松剂(8)增稠剂(9)消泡剂(10)甜味剂(11)着色剂(12)乳化剂(13)品质改良剂(14)抗结剂(15)增味剂(16)酶制剂(17)被膜剂(18)发泡剂(19)保鲜剂(20)香料(21)营养强化剂(22)其他添加剂。
防腐剂——常用的有苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、二氧化硫、乳酸等。
用于果酱、蜜饯等的食品加工中。
抗氧化剂——与防腐剂类似,可以延长食品的保质期。
常用的有维C、异维C等。
着色剂——常用的合成色素有胭脂红、苋菜红、柠檬黄、靛蓝等。
它可改变食品的外观,使其增强食欲。
增稠剂和稳定剂——可以改善或稳定冷饮食品的物理性状,使食品外观润滑细腻。
他们使冰淇淋等冷冻食品长期保持柔软、疏松的组织结构。
营养强化剂——可增强和补充食品的某些营养成分如矿物质和微量元素(维生素、氨基酸、无机盐等)。
各种婴幼儿配方奶粉就含有各种营养强化剂。
膨松剂——部分糖果和巧克力中添加膨松剂,可促使糖体产生二氧化碳,从而起到膨松的作用。
常用的膨松剂有碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、复合膨松剂等。
甜味剂——常用的人工合成的甜味剂有糖精钠、甜蜜素等。
目的是增加甜味感。
酸味剂——部分饮料、糖果等常采用酸味剂来调节和改善香味效果。
常用柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、乳酸等。
增白剂——过氧化苯甲酰是面粉增白剂的主要成分。
我国食品在面粉中允许添加最大剂量为0.06g/kg。
增白剂超标,会破坏面粉的营养,水解后产生的苯甲酸会对肝脏造成损害,过氧化苯甲酰在欧盟等发达国家已被禁止作为食品添加剂使用。
香料——香料有合成的,也有天然的,香型很多。
消费者常吃的各种口味巧克力,生产过程中广泛使用各种香料,使其具有各种独特的风味。
食品专业英语化学品/农药残留物检测系统- Chemical/pesticide(杀虫剂)residue(残渣、剩余)testing; 外界污染源勘测仪器- Detection of foreign contaminating objects;实验室设备和传感器- Laboratory equipment and sensors(传感器);射线杀菌和巴氏杀菌消毒技术- Irradiation sterilization(消毒、杀菌,使不孕)and pasteurization(巴氏杀菌)technology;超高温杀菌设备- Over-temperature sterilization equipment;冷冻速冻设备- Freezing and deep freezing equipment;超临界萃取设备- Over-critical extraction equipment;膜分离设备– Velum(菌膜、软腭)seperation equipment;分子蒸馏设备- Molecule distillation equipment;无菌(真空)包装设备- Vacuum packaging equipment;化学品分析仪器- Chemical analyzers;食品成分分析仪器- Constituent analyzers;过滤设备- Filtration equipment;食品预处理设备- Food preparation equipment;湿度控制仪器- Humidity control equipment;食品配料分析仪器- Ingredient analyzers;污染控制设备- Pollution control equipment;离析器- Separators;饮业清洁设备– Catering(给养)sanitizers(食品防腐剂、消毒杀菌剂);温度纪录仪器- Temperature recording equipment;检测设备- Testing equipment;废物处理设备- Waste disposal equipment;水质量分析和控制设备- Water quality analysis and control equipment;气相/液相色谱仪- Gas/Liquid chromatogram (色谱)apparatus(装备、设备).溶剂- Solvents;餐饮业厨房用地板- Kitchen flooring for catering;手套- Gloves;清洁剂- Cleanser;试纸、试剂- Test paper and reagent.审核和认证服务– Auditing(审计)and certification;数据库和软件服务- Databanks and software on regulatory(管理的、控制的)issues;实验室食品分析服务- Food analysis laboratory services;咨询服务- Consulting services;食品质量控制管理服务- Food quality control management services;食品安全管理服务- Food safety management services;食品卫生管理服务- Food hygiene(卫生)management services;HACCP和BRC培训服务- HACCP & BRC training services;微生物检测和认证服务- Microbiology testing and identification services;专家咨询服务- Regulatory experts services;食品安全保障技术- Food safety guarantee technology;生物工程技术- Biology engineering technology食品安全Food Safety食品防御安全Food SecurityEEC serial No. 欧共体(食品添加剂)顺序号EFEMA(European Food Emulsifer(乳化剂)Manufacturers Association) 欧洲食品乳化剂制造者协会encapsulating (压缩、形成胶囊)agent(药剂)for food additives and vitamins 食品添加剂和维生素用包囊剂engineering food 工程食品enrich (食品)增补(营养素),强化;富集,浓缩;加料enriched food 强化(营养素)食品Expert Committee on Food Additive 食品添加剂专家委员会extruded food 挤压食品Fabricated food 合成食品,组合食品FAC(Food Advisory Committee) (英国)食品咨询委员会Fad(时尚)food 应时食品FAO/WHO Joint Committee of Alimentary Codex(CA-C) FAO/WHO食品卫生法规联合委员会FAP(Food Additive Petition(请愿))(U.S.) 食品添加剂申请书FAS(Food Additives Seriser)食品添加剂丛书FASS(Food Additives and Comtaminants Committee) (英国)食品添加剂及污染物委员会FCC(Food Chemicals Codex(法典、药典)) 食品用化学品法规,食品用化学品法典FD&C (Food,Drug and Cosmetic(化妆品)Act) 食品、药物及化妆品条例(法)FDA 美国食品与药物管理局;美国FDAFDA(U.S.Food and Drug Adinistration) 美国食品与药物管理局FDD(Food and Drug Directorate) 食品和药物理事会fecala [由葛根、木薯等植物淀粉制成的食品]Federal Food Drugs and Cosmetic Act 联邦食品药品化妆品法(美国)Federal food standards (美国)联邦食品标准Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act(FFDCA) 联邦食品、药物和化妆品条例(法)fermentating food 发酵食品,酿造食品fermented goods 发酵制品,发酵食品FFDCA(Federal Food , Drug ,and Cosmetic Act) 联邦食品、药物和化妆品条例(法)FG(food grade) 食品级FIA(Food Ingredients Asia) 亚洲食品配料展览会FIC(Food Ingredients China) 中国食品配料展览会FIE(Food Ingredients Europe) 欧洲食品配料展览会finished food 制成的食品FISA(Food Ingradients of South American) 南美食品配料展览会flavology (食品)风味学flavor(滋味、香料)food 风味食品flavor industry 食品香料工业,调味料工业flavor-dependent food 依赖香精的食品;与香味有关的食品flavor-independent food 不依赖香精的食品;与香味无关的食品flavorings 食品香精[表示多数]flavour aditive 香味添加剂,食品香精添加剂flavour adjunct(助手、附属的)食品香精辅助物flavouring foods 调味食品flavouring industry 食品香料香精工业flavouring matter 食品香料FMF(Food Manufacturer’s Federation(London)) (伦敦)食品制造商联合会FNP(Food and Nutrition Paper) (联合国粮农组织)食品与营养文集FNS(Food and Nutrition Serise) (联合国粮农组织)食品与营养丛书Fold(折叠)flavor 浓缩过的食品香精(香料)food 食品,食物,粮食,养料food additive 食品添加剂Food Additive Petition (U.S.) (FAP) 食品添加剂申请书food additives 食品添加剂Food Additives Amendment 食品添加剂修正案Food Additives Series(FAS) 食品添加剂丛书food adjunct(附属物、助手)食品助剂food adulteration (掺杂)食品掺假Food Advisory Committee(FAC) 食品咨询委员会food allergy(过敏症、厌恶)食品过敏food analysis 食品分析Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of U.S. 美国食品与药物管理局Food and Drug Administration(U.S.)(FDA) 美国食品与药物管理局Food and Nutrition Board(FNB) 食品与营养委员会Food and Nutrition Paper(FNP) (联合国粮农组织)食品与营养文集Food and Nutrition Series(FNS) (联合国粮农组织)食品与营养丛书food antiseptics 食品防腐剂food chemicals 食品用化学品Food Chemicals Codex Committee 食品用化学品法典(规)委员会Food Chemicals Codex(FCC) 售用化学品法典;食品用化学品法规food chemistry 食品化学food color 食品(用)色素food constituent 食品成分food contamination 食品污染food control 食品质量控制,食品质量检查food distribution center (美)食品分销中心,批发站food dye 食品(用)色素food engineer 食品工程师food engineering 食品工程(学)food enricher 食品强化剂food factory 食品厂food fermentation 食品发酵food flavour 食品香味;食品香精,食品香料;食品调味料food flavouring 食用调味料,调味品,食品香精food fortification(设防)食品强化food fortifier(强化物、加固物)食品强化剂food grade mineral oil 食品级矿物油food green S 食品绿Sfood handling 食品加工food hygiene 食品卫生学food hygiene law 食品卫生法food hygienic quality detection 食品卫生质量鉴定food industry 食品工业food infection 食品(带菌)传染food ingredient 食品成分,食品配料Food Ingredients Asia(FIA) 亚洲食品配料展览会Food Ingredients China(FIC) 中国食品配料展览会Food Ingredients Europe(FIE) 欧洲食品配料展览会Food Ingredients of South American(FISA) 南美食品配料展览会food inspection 食品检验food inspection rules 食品卫生检验规则food irrdiation 食物照射,食品辐照food labelling 食品标志food laws 食品法规food legislation 食品立法food microbiology 食品微生物学food nutrition 食品营养food of animal origin 动物性食品food of plant orgin 植物性食品food packaged 食品包装food packing 食品包装food preservation(保存,保留)食品保藏food preservative 食品保存剂,食品防腐剂food processing 食品加工;食品热杀菌food processing aide 食品加工助剂food processing industry 食品加工工业food processing plant 食品加工厂food product 食物产品,食品food products regulations 食品法规food regulation 食品法规food requirements 对食品的需要food safety 食品安全性Food Safety and Quality Service(FSQS) 食品安全与质量管理处Food Safety Council of U.S. 美国食品安全性协会Food Safey and Inspeciton Service (FSIS) 食品安全检验处food sanitation(环境卫生)law 食品卫生法规food science 食品科学food spoilage(损坏、糟蹋)食物腐败,食品败坏food stability 食品稳定性,食品耐贮性food stamp 食品券food standard committee 食品标准委员会food starch(淀粉,刻板,生硬), modified 食品用改性淀粉food starch, unmodified 食品用未改性淀粉food sterilization equipment 食品杀菌设备food storage 食品贮存food substance 食品food supervisions 食品卫生监督food supplement 食品增补剂food supplementation 食品增补food surveillance 食品监督gelled foodstuff 凝胶食品generally recognized as safe(GRAS) (食品添加剂的)公认安全,一般认为安全genetically modified food,GMF 转基因食品geriatric (老年人的、衰老病人)food 老年食品GM food (genetically modified food) 转基因食品gourmet food 鲜美食品,珍贵食品grading food quality 食品质量分级GRAS(generally recognized as safe) (食品添加剂的)公认安全,一般认为安全green food 绿色食品grocery 食品杂货;食品杂货店;小酒馆Health food 健康食品,保健食品Health Ingredients Europe(HIE) 欧洲健康(保健)食品配料展览会health-care food 保健食品heat-and-eat food pack 加热即食的包装食品,快速食品heat-and-eat frozen food 加热即食的冷冻食品,速冻快速食品HIE(Health Ingredients Europe) 欧洲健康(保健)食品配料展览会hyposite 低热量食品ICMSF 国际食品微生物标准鉴定委员会;ICMSFIFAC(International Food Additives Council) 国际食品添加剂委员会IFIS(Iternational Food Information Service) 国际食品咨询服务处IFMA(International Food Manufacture Association) 国际食品制造者协会IFST(Institute of Food Science and Technology) 食品科学与工艺学学会IFT(Institute of Food Technologists) 食品工艺学家学会[美]indicator of food hygiene quality 食品卫生质量指标indirect food additive 间接食品添加剂infant food 婴儿食品infant formula 婴儿配制食品INFD(International Network of Food Data) 国际食品数据网inflight meal 航空食品,飞机内用的便餐,机内客饭INS(International Numbering System) 国际编码系统[联合国食品法典委员会] inspector of food hygiene 食品卫生监督员instant food 即食品instantizer 速溶剂;速溶机;速溶食品生产设备Institute of Food Technologists(IFT) 食品工艺学家学会[美]intentional food additive 有意食品添加剂,故意(加入的)食品添加剂intermediate-moisture foods 中等水分食品International Commission on Microbiological Specifications(规格)for Foods of IAMS 国际食品微生物标准鉴定委员会;ICMSFInternational Food Additives Council (IFAC) 国际食品添加剂委员会International Food Information Service(IFIS) 国际食品咨询服务处International Food Manufacture Association(IFMA) 国际食品制造者协会International Network of Food Data (INFD) 国际食品数据网International Uion of Food Science and Technology(IUFOST) 国际食品科学技术协会International Union of Food Science andTechnology 国际食品工艺学联合会;IUFOST International Union of Food Workers (IUF)International Union of 国际食品工作者联合会invalid food 疗效食品,病人食品irradiated food 照射食品,辐照食品irradiated product 照射(杀菌)食品irradiation 辐射,照射;食品照射保藏法isolate flavor 单离食品香料IUF(International Union of Food Workers ) 国际食品工作者联合会IUFOST 国际食品工艺学联合会;IUFOSTIUFOST(International Uion of Food Workers) 国际食品科学技术协会Japan Food Additives Associatiion(JFAA) 日本食品添加剂协会Japanese Standard of Food Additives(JSFA) 日本食品添加剂标准JECFA FAO/WHO 食品添加剂专家联合委员会;JECFAJECFA(Jonint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) FAO/WHO 食品添加剂联合专家委员会jecorize (食品的)鱼肝油(增补)化,外加鱼肝油JFAA(Japan Food Additives Associtatioin) 日本食品添加剂协会JFCMP(Jonit FAO/WHO Food Contamination Monitoring Programme) FAO/WHO联合食品污染监控计划Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives FAO/WHO 食品添加剂专家联合委员会;JECFAJoint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA) FWO/WHO食品添加剂联合专家委员会Joint FAO/WHO Food Contamination Monitoring Programme(JFCMP) FAO/WHO联合食品污染监控计划JSFA(Japanese Standard of Food Additives) 日本食品添加剂标准junior food 幼儿食品junket 凝乳食品Junket dessert 乳酪食品kasher 犹太食品lacquers 漆;(食品容器的)涂料;罐头涂料lasting food 防腐食品,耐入存的食品leavened food 发酵食品,膨发食品low acid foods 低酸性食品[pH在4.6以上的食品]low calorie food 低热量(能量)食品low-fat food 低脂(肪)食品low-fat spread 低脂(肪)涂抹食品lubricating oil for food machine 食品工业用机械润滑油management of food hygiene 食品卫生管理marine food 海产食品,海味marine food 海产食品,海味microwaveable food 微波食品milk substitute 代乳食品minimally processed foods 最少加工食品modified food starch 改性食品用淀粉National Canners Association (NCA) (美国)罐头食品协会National Nutritonal Foods Association(NNFA) (美国)全国营养食品协会NCA(national Canners Association) (美国)罐头食品协会negative list (食品添加剂)禁止使用的一览表;否决单neutraceutical [具有预防疾病性质的一类食品添加剂,如β-胡萝卜素] niacytin 结合烟酸,烟酸与糖的络合物[由烟酸与食品中的某些成分结合而成] NNFA(National Nutritional Foods Association) (美国)全国营养食品协会novel food 新颖食品nutritive 营养的,滋养的,食品的,食物的objectionable constituent (食品中)有害成分olderly food 老年人食品pabulum 食粮,食品,饲料packing 充填物;食品加工业;填充;填料parkelp 褐藻类(制)食品pastry 焙烤(面制)食品,发面点心,面制糕点perishable 易腐的,易坏的;易腐食品;易腐货载perishable food 易腐食品pet food 宠物食品,玩赏动物食品phenylalanine-free food 无苯丙氨酸食品physical hazards, food-related 与食品有关的物理危害pickle 腌菜,泡菜;腌制食品pickled food 腌渍食品picnic 野餐,各人自带食品的聚餐;猪前腿(肉)PL(positive list) (食品添加剂的)准许使用名单positive list(PL) (食品添加剂的)准话使用名单pouch food (小)袋装食品prepared food 预制食品,速煮食品,方便食品,预加工食品preserved food 罐头食品processed cheese food 加工干酪食品;加工干酪制品processed food 加工食品protection food 合格食品,符合质量要求的食品protective food 保健食品puffed food 膨化食品quick-cooking good 速煮食品quick-frozen food 速冻食品quick-serve meal 快餐食品radiated food 辐射食品radicidation 辐射杀菌,辐射灭菌,针对性的杀菌;食品的低剂量射线处理ready-to-eat 方便食品,即食食品,速煮食品ready-to-eat product 方便食品ready-to-eat-meal 快餐食品,方便食品,现成食品ready-to-serve food 速煮食品recombined food 调制食品,重组食品recommended program of food safety evaluation 食品安全性评价程序建议reconstitution 复原,还原,冲调,复水;浓缩食品稀释至初始浓度Red book 红皮书[指美国FDA1982年出版的食品添加剂安全评价的毒物学原则一书] reformed food 改制食品regulatory status 食品法规管理restructured food 重组食品retorted foods 杀菌(袋装)食品,(高压)蒸煮袋食品SAA(The Soyfoods Association of America) 美国大豆食品协会satchel 纸袋,袋装食品[主要指糖果]SCF(European Scientific Committee on Food) (欧洲)食品员会Scientific Committee for Food (欧洲)食品科学委员会semimoist foods 半(湿)食品set milk 凝乳食品sitology 食品学,营养学smoke foods 烟熏食品snack food 小吃食品;休闲食品;零食;快餐食品snack foods 小食品sorption curve 吸收曲线[食品中水分和活性水分之相关曲线]soyfoods 大豆食品space dood 航天食品special used food 特殊用途食品special-purpose food 专用食品specific foods 特种食品standard of food hygiene 食品卫生标准standardized foods 标准化食品sterilized food 灭菌食品synergist and solubilizer for antioxidants and flavours 抗氧化剂和食品香味料的增效剂和增溶剂tannins(food grade) 食品级单宁technical rule of food hygiene 食品卫生技术规范textureizing agent (食品)增稠剂;质地形成剂texturometer (食品)稠度测定仪The Soyfoods Association of America(SAA) 美国大豆食品协会therapeutical food 疗效(性)食品ticbit 珍品,美味食品traditional food 传统食品U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 美国食品和药品管理局U.S.RDA(U.S.Recommended Daily Allowances) (美国食品和药品管理局)推荐的每日营养素供给量(标准)U.S.Recommended Daily Allowances(U.S.RDA) (美国食品和药品管理局)推荐的每日营养素供给量(标准)unintentional food additive 无意食品添加剂,非故意(加入的)食品添加剂,意外的食品添加剂United States Food and Drug Administration 美国食品与药物管理局;美国FDA untraceuticals 保健食品victual 食品,食物,粮食,饮食vitvers 食品,食物weaning food 断奶食品,离乳食品WFC(World Food Council) 世界食品署WFC(World Food Council) 世界食品署WFP(World Food Programme) 世界食品规划white oil for food-machinery 食品机械用白油wholesome 卫生的,有益健康的(食品)World Food Programme (WFP) 世界食品规划Oysters 牡蜊Mussels 蚌类、黑色、椭圆形、没壳的是淡菜Crab 螃蟹Prawn 虾clams 蛤蚌scallops扇贝(小)Crab stick 蟹肉条Peeled Prawns 虾仁King Prawns 大虾Tiger Prawns 虎虾Whelks Tops 小螺肉Shrimps 基围虾Cockles 小贝肉Lobster 龙虾花椒粉Paprika powder孜然粉Cumin powder姜粉Ginger powder麻椒粉Spicy hot powder去皮姜块Peeled Ginger Pieces月桂粉Cassia powder香味粉Bay Leaves powder胡萝卜粉Carrot granules丁香粉Ground Cloves powder葱片Shallot flakes蒜粉Garlic powder甜椒粉Sweet chilli powder黑胡椒粉Black Pepper Powder甜青椒sweet green chilli powder白胡椒粉White pepper powder香葱粉Shallot powder洋葱粉Onion Powder菠菜粉Spinach powder辣椒粉Chilli powder芹菜粉Celery powder五香粉Five Spices Powder芥茉粉Mustard powder咖喱粉Curry powder百里香粉Herbs powder八角粉(大料) Star Aniseed powder当归Angelic香菇粉Fungus powder芹菜粒Celery granules桂皮粉Cinnamon Powder牛肉粒Beef granules茴香粉Fennel powder南瓜粒Squash powder甘草粉Licorice powder人参粉Panax powder砂仁粉Amomum Powder黑胡椒碎Black pepper broken三奈粉Couidium officinale复合芥茉粉Mixed mustard power沙姜粉Sand ginger powder肉寇(玉果粉) Cardemon姜黄粉Turmeric powder白豆蔻粉White nutmeg powde红豆蔻粉Red nutmeg powder草莓粉Strawberry powder肉不同部位的英文翻译一、腰腹部分(质嫩):适合炒肉片,火锅——Tenderloin (Short loin) 里脊............. (脊骨内侧(腹侧)条肉) Porterhouse(Short loin) 里脊,外脊........ (臀腰部脊骨背侧肉) T Bone ... (Short loin) 里脊,外脊........ (胸腰部脊骨背侧肉) Strip loin (Short loin) 嫩腰(诈称里脊) ... (二侧腰肉)Rib eye ......... (Rib) 上脑,外脊(诈称里脊)(胸部背脊肉,略肥) Top Sirloin . (Sirloin) 米龙(诈称里脊) ... (盆骨后肌,近腰臀肉) Tir-tip ..... (Sirloin) 三岔肉 ........... (盆骨前肌,近腹腿肉) Hanger ........ (Flank) 牛腩............. (胸腹隔肌)Flank, Skirt .. (Flank) 牛腩,腰窝........ (下腹肌)二、后腿部分(较老,瘦):适合:烤,酱,卤——Rump ......... (Round) 后腿,仔盖,臀尖... (近腿臀肉)Sirloin tip .. (Round) 后腿,粗和尚头.... (大腿前伸肌)Eye round .... (Round) 后腿,榔头肉...... (大腿肚内芯)Top Round .... (Round) 后腿,底板肉...... (大腿肚)Bottom Round . (Round) 后腿,黄瓜肉,腱子肉(大腿肚近膝) 三、肩胸(前腿) 部分(质老,略肥):适合:炖,红烧,酱,卤——Blade .... (Chuck eye) 上脑,前烧. (近頸脊背肉,质较嫩)7 Bone ....... (Chuck) 前烧,牛肩肉(肩背肉)Shouder ...... (Chuck) 前烧,牛肩肉(肩臂肉)四、肘子, 胸口(质极老) :适合:炖,红烧,酱,卤——Shank ... 肘子,蹄胖,牛腱子. (前后小腿,瘦)Plate ... 弓扣,牛筋肉,牛腩 . (上腹肌,瘦)Brisket . 胸口,奶脯,牛筋肉. (胸脯肉,肥)品质、生产名称类词汇QC quality control||品质管理人员FQC final quality control||终点品质管制人员IPQC in process quality control||制程中的品质管制人员OQC output quality control||最终出货品质管制人员IQC incoming quality control||进料品质管制人员TQC total quality control||全面质量管理POC passage quality control||段检人员QA quality assurance||质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance||出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering||品质工程人员品质保证类:FAI first article inspection||新品首件检查FAA first article assurance||首件确认TVR tool verification report||模具确认报告3B 3B||模具正式投产前确认CP capability index||能力指数CPK capability index of process||模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality||合格供应商品质评估OOBA out of box audit||开箱检查QFD quality function deployment||品质机能展开FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis||失效模式分析8 disciplines 8||项回复内容FA final audit||最后一次稽核CAR corrective action request||改正行动要求corrective action report||改正行动报告常用仪器的英语YAMATO科学仪器-Scientific-Instruments恒温·干燥器/恒温恒湿器Drying Ovens/Humidity Chambers送风定温恒温器Forced Convection Constant Temperature Ovens惰性气体恒温器Inert Gas Ovens精密恒温器Precision Constant Temperature Ovens洁净烘箱(洁净干燥箱)Clean Ovens送风定温干燥器Forced Convection Constant Temperature Drying Ovens 空气幕送风定温恒温器Forced Convection Ovens With Air Curtain定温干燥箱Constant Temperature Drying Ovens角形真空定温干燥器Vacuum Drying Ovens恒温恒湿器Constant Temperature and Humidity Chambers流水线设备In-Line System for Underfill Adhesive and Encapsulation干燥架drying rack恒温培养器Constant Temperature Incubators可程式低温培养器Low Temperature Program Type Incubators低温培养器Low Temperature Incubators低温稳定性培养器Low Temperature Stability Incubators培养器IncubatorsCO2培养器CO2 Incubators振荡培养器Shaking Incubators冻结干燥器Freeze Dryers---冻结干燥器Freeze Dryers离心形冻结干燥器Centrifugal Freeze Dryers灭菌器Sterilizers---干热灭菌器Drying Sterilizers高压灭菌器Autoclaves Sterilizers低温等离子灭菌器Low Temperature Plasma Sterilizers环形燃烧管灭菌器Loop Cinerator纯水制造装置Water Purifiers---纯水制造装置Water Stills超纯水制造装置Ultra-pure Water Purifiers简易纯水制造装置Water Purifiers超纯水制造装置系统Ultra-pure Water Purifier System大容量纯水制造装置Water Purifiers System洗净器Washers---实验室玻璃器皿清洗机Laboratory Glassware Washers超声波清洗机Ultrasonic Cleaners大型超声波清洗机Aqueous Ultrasonic Cleaning Systems超声波试管清洗机Ultrasonic Pipet Washers超声波清洗机Ultrasonic Cleaners恒温液槽Constant Temperature Baths---投入式恒温装置Constant Temperature Devices油槽Oil Baths振荡式低温水槽Low Constant Temperature Shaking Baths深槽形恒温水槽Constant Temperature Water Baths粘度测定槽Kinematic Viscosity Baths液压式恒温水槽Constant Temperature Water Baths精密低温恒温水槽Precision Low Constant Temperature Water Baths低温恒温水槽Low Constant Temperature Water Baths试验管加热板Heating Blocks冷却液体循环器Cooling Liquid Circulators冷却水循环器Cooling Water Circulators便携式冷却器Immersion Cooler寒流捕获器Cooling Trap冷却水外部循环器Cooling Water Circulators试验槽Thoughs高温炉High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus---马弗炉Muffle Furnaces超高温电气炉Ultra-High Temperature Electric Furnaces高温电气炉High Temperature Electric Furnaces真空气体置换炉Gas Replacement Vacuum Furnaces造粒干燥装置Granulating and Drying Apparatus for Wet Powder Body and Liquid--- 喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer有机溶剂喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer生产线喷雾干燥器Spray Dryer for Product Line浓缩器Evaporators---旋转蒸发仪Rotary Evaporators溶媒回收装置Solvent Recovery Unit乳化·搅拌·振荡器Homogenizers, Stirrers, Shakers---磁力搅拌器Magnetic Stirrers加热板Hot Plates漩涡振荡器Shakers分液漏斗振荡器送液·减压·加压装置Aspirators, Pumps, Compressors搅拌器Stirrers实验室自动乳钵Laboratory Mill/Universal Ball Mill粉碎器Cutting MillsYAMATO电子厂关连仪器Electronics Facilities Related Devices等离子装置Low Temperature Ashers, Cleaners, Etchers---气体等离子蚀刻机Gas Plasma Etcher “Plasma Reactor”气体等离子清洗机Gas Plasma Dry Cleaner气体等离子灰化机Gas Plasma Asher半导体基板自动机器Automatic Machine电子半导体/材料关连仪器Electronics Facilities Related Devices---桌上小型探测显微镜Desk-Top Small Probe Microscope “Nanopics”半导体制造用检查装置Yield Management for Semiconductor Ptoducts非破坏评价解析装置Nondestructive Testing System紫外线洗净·改质装置Ultra-Violet Curing System尘埃计数器Particle Counters风速计Anemometers去静电风机、风幕及静电测定计Auto Balanced Over Head Ion Blower环境试验设备Temperature,Humidity Testing Chamber防湿保管库Moisture-proof StorageNanotechnology半导体用设备ANELV A日本电子制品Jeol振动试验装置Vibration Test Systems冲击试验装置Shock Testing SystemsLCD高压脱泡机YAMATO生命科学关连仪器Life-Science Related Instruments生物技术关连仪器·食品分析仪器Bio-Technology Related Instruments, Food Analysises Instruments—形态观察分析系统Mapping Analyzer生物分子间相互作用分析系统Biomioleculer Interaction Analysis System高速液相色谱仪LC-CE/CEC System血管壁细胞混合培养系统Dynamic Coculture System动植物破碎机基因检查仪器Genopattern AnalyzerATP测定器ATP Measuring Instrument分光光度计Microplate Spectrophotometer细胞培养·发酵用自动分析系统Automated Chemistry Analyzer for Monitoring Cell Culture and Fermentation Processes细胞生死判别系统Cell Vital Analyzer细胞计数分析装置Cell Scaler/Analyzer2元电泳仪荧光Spot Cutter高速冷却离心机High Speed Refrigerated,Centrifuges微量高速离心机High Speed micro-Centrifuges液体中微生物简单测试仪Simple Germ Test Kit “simple Tester”试料混合器Blender防爆冷藏柜Explosion proof Freezer and Refrigerator杀菌水生成系统Sterilization Water Production Device膜式脱气装置Filter-type Air Extractor抗酸化机能水制造装置Acid-Resistant Water Purifier高性能净水器反渗透式高性能净水器分析仪器Analytical Instruments---分光光度计Spectrophotometer元素分析装置Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometerICP发光分光分析ICP Atomic Emission SpectrophotometerX线光分析计X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis气体分析计Gas Analyzers回折/散乱式粒度分布测定装置Analyzer,Particle Size Distribution Laser Diffraction Device低真空走查电子显微镜Scanning Probe Micro Scope高速液相色谱仪Liquid Chromatograph滴定装置Automatic Titration大塚电子制品电位计膜厚计散乱光光度计LCD测定·评价装置热量计天平Balances物性试验·测定器Physical Properties Measuring Apparatus, Testing, and Measuring Apparatus---近红外分析装置Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectrometer融点测定仪Melting Point Measuring Instrument热分析系统Thermo System自动反应装置Automatic Reactor水分计Moisture Analyzer引张压缩试验机Tester,Tension and Compression数字粘度计Digital Viscometer振动式粘度计Vibro Viscometer浸透压测定装置Osmotic Pressure Meters超临界水酸化系统Small SCWO Systems重金属排液处理装置Heavy Metal Eliminator简易水质检查试验纸Water Quality Tester StripsPH计Phmeter导电率计Conductivity Meters湿度计Hygrothermometers过滤器FilterYAMATO试验研究设施Laboratory Design and Engineering---通风柜Fume Hoods排风机Blowers实验台Laboratory Furniture保管柜Storage Cabinets实验台用附属器具Carts and Laboratory Table Attachments环境制御设施Research Facilities, Product Lines, Environment control Devices---生物安全柜Biohazard Safety Equipment废水处理系统Waste Water Treatment试验动物饲养室Bio Clean Room for Animal experiment环境实验设施Research Facilities, Product Lines, Environment Experiment Facilities---电磁波室隔音室恒温室/恒温恒湿室Constant Temperature and Humidity Facilities低温室Constant Low Temperature Facilities人工气候室Artificial Atmospheric Phenomena Simulator动物研究用高压蒸汽灭菌装置Sterilization Systems, for Animal Research化学品/农药残留物检测系统- Chemical/pesticide residue testing;外界污染源勘测仪器- Detection of foreign contaminating objects;实验室设备和传感器- Laboratory equipment and sensors;射线杀菌和巴氏杀菌消毒技术- Irradiation sterilization and pasteurization technology;超高温杀菌设备- Over-temperature sterilization equipment;冷冻速冻设备- Freezing and deep freezing equipment;超临界萃取设备- Over-critical extraction equipment;膜分离设备- Velum seperation equipment;分子蒸馏设备- Molecule distillation equipment;无菌(真空)包装设备- Vacuum packaging equipment;化学品分析仪器- Chemical analyzers;食品成分分析仪器- Constituent analyzers;过滤设备- Filtration equipment;食品预处理设备- Food preparation equipment;湿度控制仪器- Humidity control equipment;食品配料分析仪器- Ingredient analyzers;污染控制设备- Pollution control equipment;离析器- Separators;饮业清洁设备- Catering sanitizers;温度纪录仪器- Temperature recording equipment;检测设备- Testing equipment;废物处理设备- Waste disposal equipment;水质量分析和控制设备- Water quality analysis and control equipment; 气相/液相色谱仪- Gas/Liquid chromatogram apparatus.溶剂- Solvents;餐饮业厨房用地板- Kitchen flooring for catering;手套- Gloves;清洁剂- Cleanser;试纸、试剂- Test paper and reagent.审核和认证服务- Auditing and certification;数据库和软件服务- Databanks and software on regulatory issues;实验室食品分析服务- Food analysis laboratory services;咨询服务- Consulting services;食品质量控制管理服务- Food quality control management services;食品安全管理服务- Food safety management services;食品卫生管理服务- Food hygiene management services;HACCP和BRC培训服务- HACCP & BRC training services;微生物检测和认证服务- Microbiology testing and identification services; 专家咨询服务- Regulatory experts services;食品安全保障技术- Food safety guarantee technology;生物工程技术- Biology engineering technology.营养与食品卫生学英汉互译词汇acceptable daily intake (ADI)每日允许摄入量acclimatization 气候适应accumulate 蓄积acetylandromedol 乙酰柽木醇毒acceptable risk level 可接受的危险水平acid-forming food 成酸性食品acid value 酸价Achromobacterium 无色菌属Act for preventing the adulteration of articles ex food and drink 防止饮食品掺假法activator 激活剂,活化剂activity coefficient,AC 活性系数actomyosin 肌凝蛋白acute toxicity test 急性毒性试验additive action 相加作用adipose tissue 脂肪组织administrative rule 行政规范adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adsorption 吸附,吸附作用aerobic repiration 有氧呼吸aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after-ripeness 后熟Agaricus 伞草属Agrostemma githago L. 麦仙翁Adequate intake,AI 适宜摄入量alamine 丙氨酸albumin 白蛋白albuminuria 蛋白尿alcohol 酒精alimentary codex 食品法规Alkaligenes 产碱杆菌属allowance 供给量alpha-BHC a-六六六alpha hemolytic streptococcus甲型溶血性链球菌Alternaria 交链孢霉aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝Alzheimer's dementia早老性痴呆(阿耳茨海默痴呆)Amanita muscaria 毒蝇伞Amanita pantherina 豹斑毒伞Amanita phalloides 毒伞Amanita verna 白毒伞Amanita virosa 鳞柄白毒伞amaranth 苋莱红amatoxins 毒伞八肽类Ames test Ames 试验,艾姆斯试验amino acid pattern 氨基酸模式ammonia 氨Amoeba 阿米巴属,阿米巴原虫,变形虫属amphetamin chloride 冰毒amygdalin 苦杏仁甙amyl nitrite 亚硝基异戊酯amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉anabolism 合成代谢anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸Andersen`s disease 安德森病angular stomatitis 口角炎anion exchange resins 阴离子交换树脂anisatin 毒八角亭antagonistic action 拮抗作用anthraquinone 蒽醌anti-cancer drugs 抗癌药物antiketogenesis 抗生酮作用antioxidant 抗氧化剂antitrypsin 抗胰蛋白酶anthropometry 人体测量学apatite 磷灰石apparent digestibility 表现消化率appetite 食欲apoferritin 脱铁铁蛋白apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白applied nutrition 应用营养aquatic organism 水生生物aquatic product 水产品arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸arcus senilis 老年环arginine 精氨酸arsenic 砷Arthrinium 节菱孢属Ascaris lumbricoides 蛔虫Ascaris vermicularis 蛲虫Ascomycetes 子囊菌纲ascorbate 抗坏血酸盐scorbic acid 抗坏血酸Aspergillus 曲霉属Aspergillus albicans 白曲霉Aspergillus candidus 亮白曲霉Aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉Aspergillus fumigatus 烟曲霉Aspergillus glaucus 灰绿曲霉Aspergillus nidulans 构巢曲霉Aspergillus niger 黑曲霉Aspergillus niveus 霉白曲霉Aspergillus ochraceus 赭曲霉Aspergillus parasiticus 寄生曲霉Aspergillus restrictus 局限曲霉Aspergillus terreus 土曲霉Aspergillus ustus 焦曲霉Aspergillus versicolor 采色曲霉Aspergillus wentti 温特曲霉atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化autophagy 自吞噬availability 可利用率avidin 抗生物素蛋白azide 重氮化合物BBacillus anthracis 炭疽杆菌Bacillus cereous 蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus erysipelatos-suis 猪丹毒杆菌Bacillus subtilis 枯草杆菌Bacillus tuberculosis bovis 牛型结核杆菌bacon 咸猪肉bacterial mutation test 细菌诱变试验bacteriocidal substance 杀菌物质bacteriophage 噬菌体balanced diet 平衡膳食balance test 平衡实验Balantidium coli 结肠小袋绦虫B.alcaligenes metalcaligenes 粪产碱杆菌barley 大麦basal metabolic rate,BMR 基础代谢率basal metabolism,BM 基础代谢basic energy exenditure,BEE 基础能量消耗base-forming food 成碱性食品Basidiomycetes 担子菌纲bean curd 豆腐bean curd blade 百叶bean sprout 豆芽beet 甜菜beetle 甲虫类benefit-risk analysis 利害分析benzimidazole 苯骈咪唑benz(a)anthracene (BA) 苯并(a)蒽benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) 苯并(a)芘benzylamine oxidase 苄胺氧化酶beriberi 脚气病beta-BHC β-六六六。
§172.892 食品添加剂食用改性淀粉(Food starch-modified) 【发布单位】 FDA 【发布文号】 42 FR 14491 【发布日期】 1977-03-15 【生效日期】 【废止日期】 【替代法规】 【效 力】 【食品伙伴网解读】 规定食品添加剂食用改性淀粉安全应用于食品中需符合的条件。任何导致改性作用的物质,其用量以能满足所需达到的物理或技术效果为限,或不超过任何规定的限制条件。并列出了对食用淀粉进行改性的处理方法及限制条件。
§ 172.892 Food starch-modified.
Food starch-modified as described in this section may be safely used in food. The quantity of any substance employed to effect such modification shall not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish the intended physical or technical effect, nor exceed any limitation prescribed. To insure safe use of the food starch-modified, the label of the food additive container shall bear the name of the additive “food starch-modified” in addition to other information required by the Act. Food starch may be modified by treatment prescribed as follows:
(a) Food starch may be acid-modified by treatment with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid or both.
(b) Food starch may be bleached by treatment with one or more of the following: Limitations Active oxygen obtained from hydrogen peroxide and/or peracetic acid, not to exceed 0.45 percent of active oxygen
Ammonium persulfate, not to exceed 0.075 percent and sulfur dioxide, not to exceed 0.05 percent
Chlorine, as calcium hypochlorite, not to exceed The finished food starch-modified is limited to use 0.036 percent of dry starch only as a component of batter for commercially processed foods.
Chlorine, as sodium hypochlorite, not to exceed 0.0082 pound of chlorine per pound of dry starch
Potassium permanganate, not to exceed 0.2 percent Residual manganese (calculated as Mn), not to exceed 50 parts per million in food starch-modified.
Sodium chlorite, not to exceed 0.5 percent
(c) Food starch may be oxidized by treatment with chlorine, as sodium hypochlorite, not to exceed 0.055 pound of chlorine per pound of dry starch.
(d) Food starch may be esterified by treatment with one of the following: Limitations Acetic anhydride Acetyl groups in food starch-modified not to exceed 2.5 percent.
Adipic anhydride, not to exceed 0.12 percent, and acetic anhydride Acetyl groups in food starch-modified not to exceed 2.5 percent.
Monosodium orthophosphate Residual phosphate in food starch-modified not to exceed 0.4 percent calculated as phosphorus.
1–Octenyl succinic anhydride, not to exceed 3 percent 1–Octenyl succinic anhydride, not to exceed 2 percent, and aluminum sulfate, not to exceed 2 percent
1-Octenyl succinic anhydride, not to exceed 3 percent, followed by treatment with a beta -amylase enzyme that is either an approved food additive of is generally recognized as safe
Limited to use as a stabilizer or emulsifier in beverages and beverage bases as defined in §170.3(n)(3) of this chapter.
Phosphorus oxychloride, not to exceed 0.1 percent Phosphorus oxychloride, not to exceed 0.1 percent, followed by either acetic anhydride, not to exceed 8 percent, or vinyl acetate, not to exceed 7.5 percent
Acetyl groups in food starch-modified not to
exceed 2.5 percent.
Sodium trimetaphosphate Residual phosphate in food starch-modified not to exceed 0.04 percent, calculated as phosphorus.
Sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium trimetaphosphate Residual phosphate in food starch-modified not to exceed 0.4 percent calculated as phosphorus.
Succinic anhydride, not to exceed 4 percent
Vinyl acetate Acetyl groups in food starch-modified not to exceed 2.5 percent.
(e) Food starch may be etherified by treatment with one of the following: Limitations Acrolein, not to exceed 0.6 percent Epichlorohydrin, not to exceed 0.3 percent Epichlorohydrin, not to exceed 0.1 percent, and propylene oxide, not to exceed 10 percent, added in combination or in any sequence Residual propylene chlorohydrin not more than 5 parts per million in food starch-modified.
Epichlorohydrin, not to exceed 0.1 percent, followed by propylene oxide, not to exceed 25 percent
Residual propylene chlorohydrin not more
than 5 parts per million in food starch-modified.
Propylene oxide, not to exceed 25 percent Residual propylene chlorohydrin not more than 5 parts per million in food starch-modified.
(f) Food starch may be esterified and etherified by treatment with one of the following: Limitations Acrolein, not to exceed 0.6 percent and vinyl acetate, not to exceed 7.5 percent Acetyl groups in food starch-modified not to exceed 2.5 percent.
Epichlorohydrin, not to exceed 0.3 percent, and acetic anhydride Acetyl groups in food starch-modified not to exceed 2.5 percent.