(完整)初中英语现在完成时.docx
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Present perfect tense
现在完成时
Objectives
1.学在完成;
2.在完成与一般去的区及用法。
Grammar
一、在完成的定:
1.表示去生或已完成的作在造成的影响或果。
2.也可以表示去已开始,一直延到在的作或状二、在完
成的构
have/has+ done (去分)
注意:表示短作的,如:come , go, die , marry , buy 等的完成不能与for ,since 等表示一段的用。用来持的作或状或表去重复的作,如live , study , be , wait 等,常和 since (自从)或for ()引的用。
如: I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30 多年。
三、在完成的状
1.ever, never, twice(once⋯), so far(到目前止), , already (肯定句) , yet (否定,疑
句) , just(), before(以前), recently(近来)等用
2.Since+ 点, for+ 段,in the past/last few years
表示短作的,如:come ,go, die , marry , buy 等的完成不能与for , since 等表示一段的用。用来持的作或状或表去重复的作,如live ,study , be , wait 等,常和
since (自从)或for ()引的用。
明: already与yet都有“已”的意思,但already常用于肯定句,并用于句中。yet 常用于否定句和疑句,并用于句末。例如:
I have already finished my homework.
I haven’ t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?
They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)
I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了, 也就是说我现在不饿)
I can’ t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.
注意: 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago等;
2)不能与 when 连用
四、现在完成时的用法
A .表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果)。
e.g. The car has arrived.车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)
Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)
B.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括
在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如 for+ 时间段、 since+ 过去的时间点、疑问词how long
“现等。
e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.自从2002年Mr. Black一直住在中国。
How long have you been here?你来这里多久了?
用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词,句中谓语动词用现在完成时,时间状语为“for+时间段”或“since +时间点”。
e.g. He has been in the Green China for three years.
He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。
The old man died 4 years ago. =The old man has been dead for 4 years.
He joined the Party 2 years ago. =He has been in the Party for 2 years.
I bought the book 5 days ago. =I have had the book for 5 days.
表示时间段的短语有:
for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句 (since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。
五、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别
1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生
的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.(强调动作发生的时间是yesterday)
(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
2.一般去和表示去的状用,如:⋯ago, last week/...
In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ...
Then( 那 ),that day, one day, once(从前 )
3.在完成常和 recently (近来), ever, never, twice, so far(到目前止) , since ,for , in
the past/last few years , already(肯定句) , yet (否定,疑句), just(), before
(以前)用。在完成不与表示去的状用。
在完成可表示持到在的作或状,一般是延性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
六、比have/has been to、 have/has gone to和have been in
have(has) been to...表示“曾去某地,已从那里回来了”,可以和ever、 never、 twice等用。
have(has) gone to表示“已去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里没有回来”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多”,常与表示一段的状用,如:since, for, how long等
He went to Shanghai last week上周他去了上海
He has been to Shanghai.
他 (曾 )到 / 去上海 .( 但他人在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)
He has gone to Shanghai.
他已去上海了.(也身出,也已到了,也在路上,反正他人不在里)
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.
布朗先生来上海已有三天了
Exercises
1. _______ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to China?
A. How soon, comes
B. How often, got
C. How long, came
2. His uncle _______ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there university
D. How far, arrived
D.has left the
3.—_______ you _______ your homework yet?
—Yes. I _______ it a moment ago.
A. Did; do; finished
B.Have ; done ; finished
C.Have ; done ; have finished
D.will ; do ; finish