Present perfect tense
现在完成时
Objectives
1.学在完成；
2.在完成与一般去的区及用法。
Grammar
一、在完成的定：
1.表示去生或已完成的作在造成的影响或果。
2.也可以表示去已开始，一直延到在的作或状二、在完
成的构
have/has+ done (去分)
注意：表示短作的，如:come ， go， die ， marry ， buy 等的完成不能与for ，since 等表示一段的用。
用来持的作或状或表去重复的作，如live ， study ， be ， wait 等，常和 since （自从）或for （）引的用。
如： I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30 多年。
三、在完成的状
1.ever, never, twice（once⋯）, so far（到目前止）, , already （肯定句） , yet （否定，疑
句） , just(), before（以前）, recently（近来）等用
2.Since+ 点， for+ 段，in the past/last few years
表示短作的，如:come ，go， die ， marry ， buy 等的完成不能与for ， since 等表示一段的用。
用来持的作或状或表去重复的作，如live ，study ， be ， wait 等，常和
since （自从）或for （）引的用。
明： already与yet都有“已”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。
yet 常用于否定句和疑句，并用于句末。
例如：
I have already finished my homework.
I haven’ t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?
They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)
I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了, 也就是说我现在不饿)
I can’ t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.
注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago等;
2)不能与 when 连用
四、现在完成时的用法
A ．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。
e.g. The car has arrived.车子来了。
（结果：车子已在门口）
Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。
（结果：窗户仍破着）
B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括
在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如 for+ 时间段、 since+ 过去的时间点、疑问词how long
“现等。
e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.自从2002年Mr. Black一直住在中国。
How long have you been here?你来这里多久了？
用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since ＋时间点”。
e.g. He has been in the Green China for three years.
He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。
The old man died 4 years ago. =The old man has been dead for 4 years.
He joined the Party 2 years ago. =He has been in the Party for 2 years.
I bought the book 5 days ago. =I have had the book for 5 days.
表示时间段的短语有:
for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句 (since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。
五、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别
1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生
的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday）
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。
）
2.一般去和表示去的状用，如：⋯ago, last week/...
In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ...
Then( 那 ),that day, one day, once(从前 )
3.在完成常和 recently （近来）， ever, never, twice, so far（到目前止） , since ，for ， in
the past/last few years , already（肯定句） , yet （否定，疑句）, just(), before
（以前）用。
在完成不与表示去的状用。
在完成可表示持到在的作或状，一般是延性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
六、比have/has been to、 have/has gone to和have been in
have(has) been to...表示“曾去某地，已从那里回来了”，可以和ever、 never、 twice等用。
have(has) gone to表示“已去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里没有回来”。
have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多”，常与表示一段的状用，如：since, for, how long等
He went to Shanghai last week上周他去了上海
He has been to Shanghai.
他 (曾 )到 / 去上海 .( 但他人在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)
He has gone to Shanghai.
他已去上海了.(也身出,也已到了,也在路上,反正他人不在里)
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.
布朗先生来上海已有三天了
Exercises
1. _______ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to China?
A. How soon, comes
B. How often, got
C. How long, came
2. His uncle _______ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there university
D. How far, arrived
D.has left the
3.—_______ you _______ your homework yet?
—Yes. I _______ it a moment ago.
A. Did; do; finished
B.Have ; done ; finished
C.Have ; done ; have finished
D.will ; do ; finish
4. His father _______ the Party since 1978.
A. joined
B. has joined
C. was in
5. —Do you know him well?
—Sure. We _______ friends since ten years ago.
A. were
B. have been
C. have become
6. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _______ for 20 minutes.
A. has left
B. had left
C. has been away
7. I _______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined
B. have joined
C. have been in
8.The factory _______ since the February of 1988.
A. has been open
B. has opened
C. was open
9. Mary and Rose _______ friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made
B. have been
C. made
10.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished
B. has ended
C. has been over
11.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in
B. has come to
C. has taught
12. How long _______ he _______?
A. did, died
B. has, died
C. has, been dead
13. He _______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept
B. was sleeping
C. has sleep
14.He _______ the car for a week.
A. bought
B. has bought
C. has had
15.--How long can I ______ the book? --Two weeks.
A. borrow
B. lend
C. get
D. has been in
D. have made
D. had been away D.have been
D. opened
D. have become D. has been finished D.has been taught D. did, die
D. had slept
D.bought
D. keep
Reading
完形填空
This is the famous Battered-Body Trick ( 苦肉计 ) in history. One ____1_____, Zhou Yu was thinking hard in the light about how to beat Cao Cao's army when Huang Gai came in. He suggested attacking with fire. "Well, it's exactly _____2_____ I want to do," said Zhou. "But I need a man to
take fire to Cao's camp." Huang said he was _____3_____to do it.
The next morning Zhou Yu held a meeting. He ____4____his people to prepare three months'
food for the coming battle. Just then Huang said, "Cao has a _____5_____ and stronger army than we do. So we can't win. Why not _____6_____ this and ask for peace?"
Zhou Yu got angry, " My responsibility (职责) is to fight with Cao. Why do you say such words? Come on! Get _____7_____ out and kill him."
All the other people begged for Huang. Zhou said at last, "OK, I won't kill you. _____8_____,
you'll have to get one hundred army sticks (军棍)!" Huang was badly hurt.
Later, Huang sent a letter to Cao and he said that he wanted to help Cao. Before long, Cao received another letter from his two men in Zhou's army, saying "Huang is _____9_____."
In this way, Huang succeeded in setting fire to Cao's camp. Soon Cao's ships _____10_____ in a
big fire because all of them were tied together.
1.A. morning B. noon C. afternoon D. night
2.A. how B. what C. why D. when
3.A. sad B. kind C. happy D. angry
4.A. cried B. spoke C. asked D. shouted
5.A. more B. longer C. smaller D. larger
6.A. keep B. stop C. begin D. finish
7.A. you B. me C. him D. them
8.A. However B. For example C. By the way D. Because
9.A. stupid B. clever C. honest D. terrible
10. A. went B. fell C. broke D. burnt
阅读理解
Friendship can help you stick to your aims and make you more successful, according to an article in
Times .
Carlin Flora, the writer, who has studied friendship for years, finds that if you really want to
change something in your life, you can develop friendship with people who have the same aims as you do.
Friends can help make your own will stronger. Following good examples can help you get rid of bad
behaviors and form new, healthier ones . For example, after a busy and tiring day, you probably want to go
home and watch TV. However, your friend knocks on your door and asks you to go jogging with him.
After jogging, you talk over coffee together. This is much better than just sitting in the room watching
TV.
Flora also points out that it’s best to stop bad habits by turning attention to different, good ones.
Instead of staying at home alone and spending hours in front of your computer, building up f riendship with those who have the values and habits you admire will lift you up more easily.
We all wish to be with, and be liked by our friends. When you have friendship with people with
strong wills and good behaviors, you will not only succeed more easily, but also find joy on your journey.[ 来源学&科 &网]
1.The underlined word“ones”in the third paragraph means _______.
A. examples
B. behaviors
C. friends
D. aims
2.In the writer’sopinion, _______ is better for you after a busy and tiring day.
A. sitting in the room watching TV
B. staying at home alone
C. spending hours in
front of your computer D. jogging with a friend
3.According to the writer, we should make friends with those who _______.
A. have the values and habits w e admire
B. often go jogging with us
C. have the
same jobs as we do D. talk over coffee with us
4.The main idea of this passage is _______.
A.friends can help make your own will stronger
B.we all wish to be with, and be liked by our friends
C.it ’sbest to stop had habits by turning attention to different, good ones
D.friendship can help you stick to your aims and make you more successful
语法填空
Few Chinese people could be 1. ________ (busy) than Senior 3 students these days. With the
national college entrance examination drawing near, they spend every waking hour 2. ________ (battle)
with books, pens and test papers.
Under such great pressure, more and more students are now 3. ________ (choose) to study
abroad. They want to reduce（减少）their stress 4. ________ develop personal interests.
Leaving China to live abroad 5. ________ your own is not easy. Even simple daily talks can make
teenagers 6. ________ (happy) or more homesick. Another concern is that it is very expensive 7.
________ (study) abroad.
Actually, Chinese education is becoming more open. This year, Fudan University decided to accept
students based on their abilities 8. ________ before making a decision, seriously consider whether
it's worth (值得的) spending so 9. ________ (many) to take that challenge. Going to a good Chinese
university might be better for you.
Studying abroad is a different experience that can make a great change to your life. But, 10.
________ you only have blind faith（信念）, it may well be a bitter lesson.
Homework
Sometimes I really wonder 1. ________ there is love between my parents. Every day they are very
busy 2. ________ (make) money. They don ’nticactwaysinthethatromaIread about in books or I see on TV. 3.
________ their opinion, “ I love you ” is too much to say. One day, my mother was sewing a quilt. I quietly
sat down beside her and looked at her. “ Mom, I have a question for you, ” I said,4. breaking(silthent).
“ What? ” she asked, still doing her work.
“ Is there love between you and Dad?”I asked her in a very low voice.
She stopped her work and raised her head with surprise in her eyes. But then she continued to sew
the quilt. I was very embarrassed because I thought I had hurt her.
It seemed like 5. ________ very long time before my mother started to speak again.
said thoughtfully,“ look at this thread. Sometimes it appears, but most of it disappears in the quilt. The
thread makes the quilt strong. If life is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can 6. ________ (hard)
be seen anywhere or anytime, but it’ s really there. Love is inside.”
I listened carefully but I didn’ t understand before the next spring. My father hade (a中strok风)
and couldn’ t walk by 7. ________ (he) any more. After that, my mother helped my father walk outside
every day. Along the country road, there were many beautiful 8. ________ (tree). They two, hand in
hand, walked slowly. To me, that was 9. ________ (beautiful) picture in the world—that’ s a picture of love.
They still don’ t say“ I love you”to each other. But I know they have deep love for each other. I used to think love 10. ______ (mean) flowers and sweet kisses. But actually, love is just a thread in
the quilt.。
