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现在完成时
一．含义：表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
二．结构：
助动词have/ has + 过去分词done
★肯定句：主语+ have/ has + 过去分词done
否定句：主语+ have/ has + not + 过去分词done
一般疑问句： Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去分词done
简略答语： Yes, 主语 + have/ has.
No, 主语 + haven’t / hasn’t.
★过去分词：
1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成
规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1). 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”:
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2). 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”:
live---lived---lived ,
(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”:
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再
加“ ed ”: stop---stopped---stopped ,
drop---dropped--dropped
2. 不规则动词
三．用法
1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有以下四大
标志词:
①already, just和yet：
He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。
②ever和never：
This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。
③以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he has been to the USA three times.
④so far，before, recently, lately
He has bought a new car recently.
I haven’t heard from him Jane lately.
Scientists haven’t found the cure of AIDS so far.
★现在完成时不能和明确表示过去时间的状语连用，如ago, yesterday, last year, at that time, then等。
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的, 持续到现在的动作, 常与
for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子），或 how long连用:
①for + 时段
Mary has been ill for three days.
②since + 过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
He has been a teacher since 1998.
③since + 时段 + ago
He has studied English since 4 years ago.
④since + 从句（过去时）
I have lived here since I was born.
⑤It is + 时段 + since + 从句（过去时）
It is three days since he arrived here.
★非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow 等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for 或 since等引导的时间段连用：
他到这里三天了。
He has arrived here for three days.
He has been here for three days.
It is three days since he arrived here.
It has been three days since he arrived here.
四. Have gone to, have been to, 与have been in的区别
have/has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Where is your fatherHe has gone to Shanghai.
have/has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
My father has been to Shanghai.
have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.
【练一练】
句型转换：
1. He has already gone home. He _________ __________ home ____________. (否定句)
____________ he __________ home ___________ (疑问句) 2. He has lunch at home. He __________ _____________ lunch at home. (否定句)
____________ he __________ lunch at home (疑问句)
3. He has been there twice.
__________ __________ ________ __________ he been there (划线提问)
4. I have lunch at school.
__________ __________ you ____________ lunch. (划线提问)
用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空
1.I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2.Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.
3.Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4.“Have you________ seen the film” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5.“Has the bus left _______” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
翻译下列句子：
1.他们已经打扫了教室吗
