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初中英语现在完成时的知识点归纳知识点1：现在完成时的构成现在完成时由助动词have/has加上过去分词构成。
当主语是第三人称单数时，要使用has；其他情况下使用have。
例如：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业）She has eaten breakfast.（她已经吃完早饭）知识点2：现在完成时的用法（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调完成的结果。
例如：I have read that book.（我读过那本书）（强调现在了解并记住这本书的内容）（2）表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在。
例如：She has lived in London for five years.（她在伦敦住了五年了）（强调过去到现在一直在伦敦住）（3）表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，可能还会继续下去。
例如：They have been friends since they were kids.（他们从小就是朋友）（强调过去到现在一直是朋友，可能还会继续保持朋友关系）知识点3：现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用：just（刚刚）、already（已经）、never（从来没有）、ever（曾经）、yet（还、仍然）、recently （最近）、since（自从）、for（持续了多久）等。
例如：I have just finished my homework.（我刚刚完成了作业）Have you ever been to America?（你去过美国吗？）They haven't seen each other since last year.（他们自从去年就没有见过面了）知识点4：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例如：He has lost his key.（他丢了钥匙，结果是他现在找不到）He lost his key.（他丢了钥匙）知识点5：现在完成时否定句和疑问句的构成现在完成时的否定句和疑问句构成是在助动词have/has之后加not 或否定词，疑问句将助动词have/has提到句首。
完成时态1。
用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果E。
g：Yesterday I finished my homework, that's to say, I have finished my homeworknow。
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续E。
g.::I have lived here since 1990。
2. 现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work?否定句He has not finished the work.两回答Yes ，he has。
No，he hasn’t.特殊疑问句What has he done?4。
在下列情形下用现在完成时（1）九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.:I have already found my pen.= I have found my pen already.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g。
：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?③ever曾经句中e.g.：Have you ever seen pandas？④never从不句中e。
g.:I have never been to Beijing.⑤just刚刚句中e。
g.：I have just done my work.⑥before以前句尾e.g。
：I have never been there before。
⑦so far到目前为止e。
g.：So far he has learnt 200 words。
⑧how long多久e。
g.：How long have you lived here？⑨how many times多少次e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing？(2)两词组have〈has>gone to去了某地e。
初中英语知识点归纳现在完成时的构成与用法现在完成时是英语中的一个重要时态，表示动作或状态从过去某个时间点开始一直延续到现在或具有与现在相关的结果。
下面是现在完成时的构成与用法的归纳：一、构成：现在完成时由助动词“have/has”和过去分词构成。
其中，have用于第一人称（I/we/you/they），has用于第三人称（he/she/it）。
二、用法：1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如：- I have lost my keys.（我把钥匙丢了，现在找不到了。
）- We have finished our homework.（我们已经完成了作业。
）2. 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在。
例如：- She has lived here for 10 years.（她在这里住了十年了。
）- They have known each other since childhood.（他们从小就认识彼此。
）3. 表示过去发生的动作在过去的某个时间结束，但对现在仍然有影响。
例如：- He has studied English for three hours.（他学习英语已经三个小时了，仍在学习。
）- They have been friends since they met in high school.（自从高中认识以来，他们一直是朋友。
）4. 表示过去发生的动作在过去的某个时间结束，且不再持续到现在。
例如：- I have seen that movie before.（我以前看过那部电影。
）- She has already eaten lunch.（她已经吃过午饭了。
）5. 现在完成时经常与表示时间的状语连用，如already（已经）、just（刚刚）、never（从未）、ever（曾经）、yet（还）等。
例如：- Have you ever been to Beijing?（你曾经去过北京吗？）- They have just arrived.（他们刚刚到达。
初中英语语法现在完成时初中英语语法现在完成时1、现在完成时的构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词过去分词”构成的。
①助动词have/has可以与主语缩写为’ve/’s。
e.g. I have → I’ve We have → We’ve He has → He’s It has → It’s②规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样。
③不规则变化的动词过去分词见表。
2、现在完成时的基本句型。
①陈述句肯定形式。
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
②陈述句否定形式。
(在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t)e.g. I haven’t had lunch. 我还未吃午饭。
He hasn’t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。
③一般疑问句形式及其答语。
(将助动词have/has提前，答语一般用have, has回答)e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.否定回答还可以用：No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等。
④特殊疑问句形式。
(疑问词+一般疑问句)e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里?3、现在完成时的三个基本用法。
(1) 现在完成时的第一个基本用法表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
e.g. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 你吃过午饭没?有，吃过了，我刚刚吃的。
(影响及结果：我现在饱了，不需要了)He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。
初中英语现在完成时用法归纳优胜教育现在完成时1、用法：①用于表示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果”。
→强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与“XXX”连用。
如：She has gone to Shanghai. She is not here.②用于表示“过去开始的动作一直持续到现在”。
→强调动作的持续性，常与“for/since+时间”连用。
如：I have XXX.2、时态标志词：for/since+时间，just，never，ever，already，yet，before，so far，in the past/last few years等。
3、常考易错点：（1）辨析have gone to，have been to与have been inhave/has gone to：“曾经去了某地（去而未归）”→去了某地还没回来，经常使用往返答where开头的问句have/has been to：“曾去过某地（去罢了归）”→去过某地但已回来，常与ever/never/次数(two/many times)连用。
have/has been in：“在某地待了(多长工夫)”，常与“for/s ince+工夫”连用。
①He is not here. He has gone to Beijing.②He has been to Beijing for many times.③He has been in Beijing for 20 years. （2）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：时态类别用途构成动词用过去式时态标志例句夸大举措产生在过一般过去时去(但不强调对现在酿成的影响)。
夸大过去产生的动目前完成时尴尬难目前酿成的影响表“过去时间”的词或短语:XXXXXX,lastnight,XXXXXX.ago，just now，in 2010I have lost my English book.already，yet,ever,never,just,I can’t find it now.(过去把书before,once,twice，forthree弄丢，目前找不到了。
现在完成时（一）一、现在完成时构成构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。
第三人称单数用has，其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。
如：I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注意：since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
现在完成时态构成 : 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。
否定式 : 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。
一般疑问式 : Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他简略答语 : Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定一、现在完成时态用法一:动作发生在过去,一直延续到现在,可能还会继续。
(如图●————————————现在该用法中常用词:for, since, how long. 例如:for 后跟时间段 , since 后跟过去时间点或者是过去时态的句子。
How long have you learned English?I have learned English for ten years.I have learned Englishsince ten years ago.注意:此用法中还要注意,因为要表示动作一直延续到现在,所以主句中的动词要选择表延续性的动词。
例如:He has been dead for ten years.(be dead是 die 的延续性词He has been away for two hours. (be away是 leave 的延续性词常见瞬间动词与延续动词的转换:come / go / arrive/ get to/reach -- be in s.p.leave – be away buy – have die – be dead borrow – keep join sth.– be in sth. come back – be backbegin to do sth – do sth ( begin to work – workbegin - be on become sth. – be sth.二、现在完成时用法二:表示过去某个动作发生过,对现在造成影响。
初中英语语法现在完成时一、构成肯定句：have/has+主语＋过去分词＋其它（当主语是第三人称单数时，用has,其它的用have。
过去分词：规则过去分词与动词过去式相同，不规则动词要特殊记忆）否定句：have/has+主语+not＋过去分词＋其它疑问句：Have/Has+主语＋过去分词＋其它简答：Yes, 主语+have/has.No, 主语＋haven’t/hasn’t二、现在完成时的用法（一）现在完成时的用法一1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.谈论到现在为止曾经经历或者没有经历的事情。
3.表达刚刚做完某事，已经做完某事，可与just ，already，yet连用。
此时，常与时间副词already（已经），yet（还、已经），just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经），never（从不），before（以前）等连用。
这几个副词的用法如下：1．already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。
实例：1）I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。
（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。
）2）I've washed my clothes already．我已经洗了衣服。
（洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。
）注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。
实例：3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？2．yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。
实例：1）—Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？—No，not yet．不，还没有。
2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet ．那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。
一、现在完成时的定义现在完成时既可表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响(此时通常连用的时间状语有already, yet, just, ever, before, in the past)，也可表示动作从过去某时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去(此时通常连用的时间状语有this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in the past few + 时间段, since +时间点, for + 时间段)。
例如：①I have just finished my work. 我把工作做完。
②Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？③I have lived for ten years. 我在这儿住了十年了。
④We have studied here since 2003. 我们自2003年来就在这儿读书了。
二、现在完成时的结构现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。
即由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明了句子的意义。
（一）肯定式主语＋助动词have／has ＋过去分词＋其它说明：这里的have／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。
当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。
have的缩略式've。
规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。
1）I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。
(表示不要再抄了)2）She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。
（表示到目前为止还没有找到）(如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)3）We've just cleaned the classroom ．我们刚好打扫了教室。
初中英语语法现在完成时现在完成时的构成:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。
(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。
过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。
)否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already （”已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）never (“从不”用于中间处)ever （”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）just (“刚刚”用于中间处)yet (“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/ “还”用于否定句的末尾处)或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.以so far为标志so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。
过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
Since 和 for 的用法表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。
Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。
一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。
如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作*“终二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。
初中英语现在完成时知识点现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）是表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果的一种时态。
以下是现在完成时的知识点：1. 构成：现在完成时由助动词“have/has”和动词的过去分词构成。
其中，主语为第三人称单数时，要用“has”，其余情况下使用“have”。
2. 动词的过去分词形式：大多数动词的过去分词形式为动词的原形加上-ed，例如：played, watched, walked。
但也有许多不规则动词的过去分词形式需要特别记忆，例如：seen, gone, eaten。
3.现在完成时的用法：a. 表示过去的经历或经验，通常与时间状语从句连用，例如：Ihave been to Paris.（我去过巴黎。
）b. 表示过去已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just等时间状语连用，例如：I have already finished my homework.（我已经完成作业了。
）d. 表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，通常与for, since等表示时间段的状语连用，例如：I have lived in this city for ten years.（我在这个城市已经住了十年。
）e. 表示过去曾经发生但不再发生的动作，通常与表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：I used to visit my grandparents every summer whenI was a child.（我小时候每个夏天都去看望我的祖父母。
）f. 表示过去已经做过或尚未做过的动作，通常与表示时间的状语连用，例如：Have you finished your homework?（你完成作业了吗？）g. 表示过去未完成的动作，通常与since和for连用，表示自从过去一些时间以来一直持续到现在的动作，例如：She has been studying English since 2024.（她从2024年起一直在学习英语。
初中英语语法现在完成时详细讲解现在完成时是英语中一种表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果的时态。
它由"have/has + 过去分词"构成。
现在完成时的用法如下：
1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果：
①I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的作业。
）这里表示过去完成的动作是完成作业，现在的结果是作业已经完成。
②They have lived in this city for five years.（他们在这个城市已经生活了五年。
）这里表示过去完成的动作是生活在这个城市，现在的结果是他们已经在这个城市生活了五年。
2. 表示从过去某一时间点开始到现在一直持续的动作：
①She has worked at this company since 2010.（她从2010年起在这家公司工作。
）这里表示过去从2010年开始工作，到现在一直在这家公司工作。
3. 表示过去已经发生但时间未具体提及的动作：
①Have you ever been to Paris?（你去过巴黎吗？）这里表示过去是否有去过巴黎，但并未提及具体时间。
需要注意的是，现在完成时强调的是过去的动作与现在的关系，因此常用于包含现在的句子中。
同时，现在完成时通常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如for、since等，以强调动作的持续性或延续性。
另外，现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday、last week等，因为这些表示过去具体时间点的状语与现在完成时的
概念不符。
在这种情况下，应使用过去时态表示过去发生的动作。
初中英语语法——现在完成时知识点总结归纳现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）是英语中常用的一种时态，用来表示过去发生的动作与现在的关系。
以下是现在完成时的知识点总结：1. 构成：现在完成时由助动词“have/has”和过去分词构成，行为动词的过去分词形式有规律变化和不规律变化两种。
规律变化一般在动词原形后加-ed，不规则变化则需要特殊记忆。
2.肯定句形式：主语 + have/has + 过去分词例如：I have finished my homework.She has written a letter.3.否定句形式：主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词例如：I haven't finished my homework.She hasn't written a letter.4.疑问句形式：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他部分?例如：Have you finished your homework?Has she written a letter?5.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如：I have lost my key.（我丢失了我的钥匙，现在找不到了。
）He has broken his leg.（他折断了腿，现在不能走路。
）6.现在完成时还可以用来表示一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
例如：I have lived in this city for five years.（我已经在这个城市住了五年了。
）She has known him since high school.（她从高中就认识他了。
）7.现在完成时与时间状语的连用：现在完成时通常与以下时间状语连用：just（刚刚）、already（已经）、yet（还）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、recently（最近）、since（自从）、for（持续时间）例如：I have just finished my homework.（我刚完成了作业。
初中英语现在完成时知识点总结现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）是英语中的一种时态，用于表示过去发生的动作或状态与现在的关系。
以下是关于现在完成时的知识点总结：1. 构成：现在完成时的基本构成形式是：have/has + 过去分词。
其中，have用于第一人称（I, we）和第二人称（you），has用于第三人称单数（he, she, it），而动词需要使用过去分词形式。
2.用法：现在完成时通常用于以下几种情况：a. 表示过去发生的动作或经历，对现在产生的影响或结果：I have finished my homework.（我已完成我的作业。
）c. 表示过去发生的动作影响到了现在，强调的是过程：I have studied English for 5 years.（我已经学习英语五年了。
）d. 表示已经发生的动作或状态对现在产生的结果或影响：I havelost my keys.（我丢失了我的钥匙。
）3.时间状语：现在完成时常常与以下时间状语连用：a. ever（曾经），never（从来没有），already（已经），yet（还，已经）等：Have you ever been to Paris?（你曾经去过巴黎吗？）b. for（表示动作持续的时间），since（表示动作开始的时间点）等：I have lived in this city for 10 years.（我在这个城市住了十年。
）c. just（刚刚），recently（最近），lately（最近）等：I have just finished my meal.（我刚刚吃完饭。
）d. so far（到目前为止），up to now（到现在为止），since then （从那时起）等：He has been to many countries so far.（他到目前为止去过很多国家。
）4.注意事项：b. 如果句子中有明显的表示过去的时间状语，应使用过去式而不是现在完成时。
中考英语现在完成时知识点总结一、初中英语现在完成时 1．He for ten years.A. has been marriedB. marriedC. got marriedD. has married 【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：他已经结婚十年了。
根据时间状语for ten years.十年了，可知本句时态用现在完成时has/have+过去分词，且谓语应为持续动词。
be married表结婚的状态，be动词的过去分词为been。
故选A。
【点评】本题考查现在完成时，注意掌握结构has/have+过去分词。
2．I am surprised at the new look of my hometown，for it_____ a lot over the years．A. changedB. changesC. will changeD. has changed 【答案】D【解析】【分析】我对我的家乡的新面貌感到惊讶，因为这几年改变了很多结合over the years可知表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语it，故has，故答案是D．3．I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.A. will beB. wasC. have beenD. would be 【答案】 C【解析】【分析】由since引导的从句可知主句应用现在完成时，故答案为C。
句意是：自从我五岁时被狗伤过之后我就一直怕狗。
【点评】本题考查现在完成时的用法。
4．—How do you like Treasure Island，Lucy？—It's so e某citing that I _______ it twice．A. am readingB. have readC. was readingD. had read 【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：，露西，你认为《金银岛》怎么样？，它是如此令人激动以至于我读了两次。
Present perfect tense现在完成时Objectives1.学习现在完成时；2.总结现在完成时与一般过去时的区别及用法。
Grammar一、现在完成时的定义：1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态二、现在完成时的结构have/has+ done (过去分词)注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。
用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。
如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。
三、现在完成时的时间状语1.ever, never, twice（once…）, so far（到目前为止）, , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）,just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来）等词连用2.Since+时间点，for+时间段，in the past/last few years表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。
用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since （自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。
说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。
yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。
例如：I have already finished my homework.I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等;2)不能与when连用四、现在完成时的用法A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。
e.g. The car has arrived.车子来了。
（结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。
（结果：窗户仍破着）B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。
e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。
How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since ＋时间点”。
e.g. He has been in the Green China for three years.He has been a member of the Green China for three years. 他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。
The old man died 4 years ago. =The old man has been dead for 4 years.He joined the Party 2 years ago. =He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago. =I have had the book for 5 days.表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year,since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。
五、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday ）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。
）2.一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/...In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ...Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)3.现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in thepast/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。
现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work,study, know.六、比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to...表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。
have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。
have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai.他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了Exercises单项选择1. _______ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived2. His uncle _______ for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university3.—_______ you _______ your homework yet?—Yes. I _______ it a moment ago.A. Did; do; finishedB.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finishedD.will ; do ; finish4. His father _______ the Party since 1978.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in5. —Do you know him well?—Sure. We _______ friends since ten years ago.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made6. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _______ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away7. I _______ the League for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been inD.have been8.The factory _______ since the February of 1988.A. has been openB. has openedC. was openD. opened9. Mary and Rose _______ friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become10.The meeting _______ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been overD. has been finished11.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taughtD.has been taught12. How long _______ he _______?A. did, diedB. has, diedC. has, been deadD. did, die13. He _______ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept14.He _______ the car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has hadD. bought15.--How long can I ______ the book? --Two weeks.A. borrowB. lendC. getD. keepReading完形填空This is the famous Battered-Body Trick (苦肉计) in history. One ____1_____, Zhou Yu was thinking hard in the light about how to beat Cao Cao's army when Huang Gai came in. He suggested attacking withfire. "Well, it's exactly _____2_____ I want to do," said Zhou. "But I need a man to take fire to Cao'scamp." Huang said he was _____3_____to do it.The next morning Zhou Yu held a meeting. He ____4____his people to prepare three months' foodfor the coming battle. Just then Huang said, "Cao has a _____5_____ and stronger army than we do. Sowe can't win. Why not _____6_____ this and ask for peace?"Zhou Yu got angry, " My responsibility (职责) is to fight with Cao. Why do you say such words? Come on! Get _____7_____ out and kill him."All the other people begged for Huang. Zhou said at last, "OK, I won't kill you. _____8_____, you'llhave to get one hundred army sticks (军棍)!" Huang was badly hurt.Later, Huang sent a letter to Cao and he said that he wanted to help Cao. Before long, Cao received another letter from his two men in Zhou's army, saying "Huang is _____9_____."In this way, Huang succeeded in setting fire to Cao's camp. Soon Cao's ships _____10_____ in a bigfire because all of them were tied together.1. A. morning B. noon C. afternoon D. night2. A. how B. what C. why D. when3. A. sad B. kind C. happy D. angry4. A. cried B. spoke C. asked D. shouted5. A. more B. longer C. smaller D. larger6. A. keep B. stop C. begin D. finish7. A. you B. me C. him D. them8. A. However B. For example C. By the way D. Because9. A. stupid B. clever C. honest D. terrible10. A. went B. fell C. broke D. burnt阅读理解Friendship can help you stick to your aims and make you more successful, according to an article inTimes.Carlin Flora, the writer, who has studied friendship for years, finds that if you really want to changesomething in your life, you can develop friendship with people who have the same aims as you do.Friends can help make your own will stronger. Following good examples can help you get rid of badbehaviors and form new, healthier ones. For example, after a busy and tiring day, you probably want to go home and watch TV. However, your friend knocks on your door and asks you to go jogging with him. Afterjogging, you talk over coffee together. This is much better than just sitting in the room watching TV.Flora also points out that it’s best to stop bad habits by turning attention to different, good ones.Instead of staying at home alone and spending hours in front of your computer, building up f riendship with those who have the values and habits you admire will lift you up more easily.We all wish to be with, and be liked by our friends. When you have friendship with people with strongwills and good behaviors, you will not only succeed more easily, but also find joy on your journey. [来源学&科&网]1. The underlined word “ones” in the third paragraph means _______.A. examplesB. behaviorsC. friendsD. aims2. In the writer’s opinion, _______ is better for you after a busy and tiring day.A. sitting in the room watching TVB. staying at home aloneC. spending hours in front of your computerD. jogging with a friend3. According to the writer, we should make friends with those who _______.A. have the values and habits w e admireB. often go jogging with usC. have the same jobs as we doD. talk over coffee with us4. The main idea of this passage is _______.A. friends can help make your own will strongerB. we all wish to be with, and be liked by our friendsC. it’s best to stop had habits by turning attention to different, good onesD. friendship can help you stick to your aims and make you more successful语法填空Few Chinese people could be 1. ________ (busy) than Senior 3 students these days. With thenational college entrance examination drawing near, they spend every waking hour 2. ________ (battle)with books, pens and test papers.Under such great pressure, more and more students are now 3. ________ (choose) to study abroad.They want to reduce（减少）their stress 4. ________ develop personal interests.Leaving China to live abroad 5. ________ your own is not easy. Even simple daily talks can maketeenagers 6. ________ (happy) or more homesick. Another concern is that it is very expensive 7.________ (study) abroad.Actually, Chinese education is becoming more open. This year, Fudan University decided to acceptstudents based on their abilities 8. ________ before making a decision, seriously consider whetherit's worth (值得的) spending so 9. ________ (many) to take that challenge. Going to a good Chineseuniversity might be better for you.Studying abroad is a different experience that can make a great change to your life. But, 10.________ you only have blind faith（信念）, it may well be a bitter lesson.HomeworkSometimes I really wonder 1. ________ there is love between my parents. Every day they are verybusy 2. ________ (make) money. They don’t act in the romantic ways that I read about in books or I sey.on TV. 3. ________ their opinion, “I love you” is too much to saOne day, my mother was sewing a quilt. I quietly sat down beside her and looked at her.“Mom, I have a question for you,” I said, breaking the 4. ________ (silent).“What?” she asked, still doing her work.r in a very low voice.“Is there love between you and Dad?” I asked heShe stopped her work and raised her head with surprise in her eyes. But then she continued to sewthe quilt. I was very embarrassed because I thought I had hurt her.It seemed like 5. ________ very long time before my mother started to speak again. “Susan, said thoughtfully, “look at this thread. Sometimes it appears, but most of it disappears in the quilt. Thethread makes the quilt strong. If life is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can 6. ________ (hard)be seen anywh ere or anytime, but it’s really there. Love is inside.”I listened carefully but I didn’t understand before the next spring. My father had a stroke (中风)and couldn’t walk by 7. ________ (he) any more. After that, my mother helped my father walk outsideevery day. Along the country road, there were many beautiful 8. ________ (tree). They two, hand in hand,walked slowly. To me, that was 9. ________ (beautiful) picture in the world —that’s a picture of love.They still don’t say “I love you” to each other. But I know they have deep love for each other. Iused to think love 10. ______ (mean) flowers and sweet kisses. But actually, love is just a thread inthe quilt.。
