下载文档原格式
Unit 1●翻译：（黑体的汉字表示与教师用书不同，斜体的汉字表示重点翻译不要遗漏）pass ion, wisdom, altruis m, insight, creativ ity—sometim es only the trialsof adversitycan fosterthese qualities, because sometim es only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. (Para.6)慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力——有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。
2.In that moment, our sense of invulne rabili ty is pierced, and the self-protect ive mentalarmorthat normall y standsbetween us and our percept ions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。
3.They say that materia l ambitio ns suddenly seem silly and the pleasur es of friends and familyparamou nt—and that the crisisallowed them to recognize in line with their new priorit ies.(Para.14)他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊，而朋友和家庭带来的快乐变得极为重要，他们还说危机使他们能够按照这些新的优先之事来重新认识生活。
UNIT71. Several leading modern business leaders seem, surprisingly, to downplay the importance of strategy. You can make too much fuss about strategy, they imply--- you have a few clear options; just choose one and get on with it. is it really that simple?2. “Strategy is straightforward---just pick a general direction and implement like hell.”Jack Welch, for example---the chairman and CEO of the USA’s General Electric Company; the man who grow the company from a market capitalization of $27 billion to a $140 billion, making GE the largest and most valuable company in the world. he must know a thing or two about strategy. But here’s what he says: “In real life, strategy is actually very straightforward. You pick a general direction and you implement like hell.”Or Allan leighton, the man who was recruited by Archie Norman to help res cue the UK’s ailing Asda supermarket chain, and went on to build the company into one of Britain’s most successful retailers. “Strategy is important,” says Leighton, “but it is a compass, not a road map. It tells you in which direction you are heading, but the important bit is how you get there.”Or Louis Gerstner, the man who rescued IBM in the 1990’s when the struggling mainframe supplier was about to be driven into extinction by the new, smaller and more agile personal computer manufacturers. “It is extremely difficult to develop a unique strategy for a company; and if the strategy is truly different, it is probably highly risky. Execution really is the critical part of a successful strategy. Getting it done, getting it done right, getting it done better than the next person is far more important than dreaming up new visions of the future.”3. So strategy is simple. And having an ingenious new strategy is less important than carrying it out successfully. In fact it might be dangerous. It that right?Let’s look at one last quote from Mr. Welch. “When I became CEO in 1981, we launched a highly publicized initiative: be number one or number two in every market, and fix, sell or close to get there. This was not our strategy, although I’ve often heard it descri bed that way.It was a galvanising mantra to describe how we were going to do business going forward. Our strategy was much more directional. GE was going to move away from businesses that were being commoditized toward businesses that manufactured high-value technology products or sold services instead of things.”Grand strategy versus strategy4. I would argue that these CEO’s blue chip corporations are taking a slightly Olympian view of the concept of “strategy.” Let’s call what hey are talking about “grand strategy” a strategy, but in the overarching sense, like the American car industry saying that they are going to move out gas-guzzlers and into smaller, more fuel-efficient models. 1.一些领先的现代企业领导人似乎，奇怪的是，淡化战略的重要性。
研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesn't kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。
Unit2 Commercialization and Changes in Sportsmercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the format and goals of most sports. In spite of the influence of spectators, what has occurred historically is that sports have maintained their basic format. Innovations have been made within this framework, rather than completely dismantling the design of a game. For example, the commercialization of the Olympic Games has led to minor rule changes in certain events, but the basic structure of each Olympic sport has remained much the same as it was before the days of corporate endorsements and the sale of television rights. 商业化对于大多数体育运动的结构和目标没有太大的影响。
Unit 1●翻译：（黑体的汉字表示与教师用书不同，斜体的汉字表示重点翻译不要遗漏）passion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity—sometimes only the trials of adversity canfoster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. (Para.6)慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力——有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。
2.In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armorthat normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。
toto put aside their personal pleasure in order to care for the baby.Unit 4●翻译：1.Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. My mind would get caughtup in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and I’d spend hours strolling th rough long stretches of prose. (Para.1)过去总是不费什么劲儿就能让自己沉浸在一本书或者一篇长文章中，被其中的叙述或不同的论点深深吸引。
it Four我国在世界上的竞争力很高兴有机会为贵校系列经济研讨会举行开幕式，因为我认为，在经济飞速变化的当今时代，教育界起着至关重要的作用。
我国的企业和工人面临一系列强大力量，这些力量将影响今后我国在世界上的竞争能力。
成功地使工人和管理人员做好准备，驾驭这些力量，将是决定结果的一个重要因素。
其中最核心的力量，是计算机和电信技术的加速发展。
人们有理由地期望，这种发展将使我们在21世纪的生活水平显著提高。
但是，在短期内，飞速的科技变革产生这样一种情况，其中多数管理人员与工人借以工作的工厂和设备的更迭速度加快，给人这样一种感觉，即人的技能正以美国历史上前所未有的速度老化过时。
我将设法把这一极不寻常的现象放在我国经济大变革的背景下来探讨，并希望说明，教育，尤其是提高高级技能，对今后我国经济的增长为何如此重要。
几乎可以肯定，财富的创造都是伴随着人们利用日益增长的知识和不断增长的资本，生产出有价值的商品和服务。
借助各种市场价格，企业家们竭力弄清那些人们看重的各类产品和服务。
一个世纪之前，至少我们许多的努力是用于生产衣食住行方面的产品。
只有当农作物产量提高，蒸汽动力得以开发，纺织业效率提高时，现有的工作时间才能腾出来进行提供和消费选择性较大的商品和服务。
我们制造汽车和冰箱，学会如何用越来越少的投入生产这些产品。
随着这些商品进入大多数家庭，人们转而将精力用于创造较少受体积限制的高价值商品，如体积较小的晶体管电器，并进而提供各种无形服务——医疗、教育、娱乐和旅行等。
对每种商品或服务的各种特性分类定价，有助于其对每个人产生最大价值的价值最大化。
努力扩大选择，以满足个人的特定需求，必将导致从比较直接地利用物质资源和劳动力，转变为利用思想和概念——或更笼统地说利用信息——去创造价值。
因此，毫不奇怪，在过去这个世纪中，美国实物实际国内总产值的最大一部分增长，归因于新的见解，更宽泛地说，归因于新的知识—如何重新安排客观物质，以实现更高的生活水平。
Unit 1 对F的赞美1今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭看上去跟颁发给比他们幸运的同班同学的文凭没什么两样。
只有当雇主发现这些毕业生是半文盲时，文凭的效力才会被质疑。
2最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间——成人识字课程，我教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质。
在教育维修车间里，高中毕业生和高中辍学生将学习他们本该在学校就学好的技能，以获得同等学力毕业证书。
他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。
3在我教课的过程中，我对我们的学校教育深有了解。
在每学期开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。
这种时候学生不会有任何写作障碍！“我希望当时有人能让我停止吸毒，让我学习。
”“我喜欢参加派对，似乎没人在意。
”“我是一个好孩子，不会制造任何麻烦，于是他们就让我考试通过，及时我阅读不好，也不会写作。
”很多诸如此类的抱怨。
4我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前我将孩子们的学习能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其他妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。
但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前，他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。
要做到这点，有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。
然而，单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。
这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。
5我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的注意。
我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。
直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。
6当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。
“他坐在后排和他的朋友说话。
”她告诉我。
“你为什么不把他换到前排来？”我恳求道。
我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。
施蒂夫特夫人从眼睛上方冷冷地看着我。
“我不会换高年级学生的座位。
”她说，“我会给他们不及格的成绩。
Unit 4Drug Therapy in the Older Adult老年人的药物治疗Drug therapy in the older adult population is a complex phenomenon influenced by numerous biopsychosocial factors. The elderly are the largest group of consumers of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. The average older adult uses 4.5 prescriptions and 2.1 OTC medications and fills between 12 to 17 prescriptions yearly. The incidence发生率of adverse有害的drug reactions in the elderly is two to three times that found in young adult. This is considered to be a conservative 保守的estimate估计, because drug reactions are less well recognized in older adults and because reactions can often mimic symptoms of specific disease states.药物治疗在老年人口是一个复杂的现象，因其被众多的生物心理社会因素影响。
老年人是处方药和非处方药的最大消费群体。
老年人平均使用4.5张处方和2.1张非处方药，每年填写12到17张处方。
老年人的药物不良反应发生率是年轻人的两到三倍。
这被认为是一个保守的估计，因为药物反应在老年人中较少被认识，因为反应往往可以模拟特定疾病状态的症状。
要善于恭维他人，重要的一步就是要懂得为什么恭维会有助于你建立更好的人际关系。
恭维之所以奏效，最根本的原因是恭维符合了人类行为的一个基本原则：人们渴望得到赏识。
尽管文化背景各不相同，但绝大多数人都有类似的想法。
在亚洲文化中，人们对群体赏识的渴求一般要强于对个体赏识的渴求。
但不管怎样，人们渴望赏识是普遍存在的。
很多人认为，工作本身带来的乐趣要比外界赏识包括恭维更为重要。
工作的乐趣也许是一种巨大的动力，但是即使是那些从工作中得到极大乐趣的人如科学家、艺术家、摄影师也渴望得到恭维和认可，否则他们就不会去竞争诺贝尔奖或在重要的展览会上展示他们的作品了。
恭维之所以奏效，还因为他与人们对认可的正常需要有关。
尽管有一些关于恭维的书和文章问世，并对恭维极力进行宣扬，但是大多数人还是没有得到应有的赏识。
很多人无论在工作上或在家里都很少受到赞美，所以对认可的渴求就更加强烈了。
An important step in becoming an effective flatterer is to understand why flattery helps you establish better relationships with others. The root cause of the power of flattery gets at a basic principle of human behavior: People crave being appreciated., The vast majority of people are of the similar idea despite different cultures. In Asian cultures the desire for group recognition is generally stronger than the desire for individual recognition. Nevertheless, the need for recognition is present.Many people hold that the joy of work itself is more important than external recognition, including flattery. The joy of work may be a powerful motivator, but even those who get the biggest joy from their work--- such as scientists, artists, and photographers --- crave flattery and recognition. Otherwise they wouldn’t compete for Nobel Prizes or enter their work in important exhibitions.Another reason flattery is so effective relates to the normal need to be recognized. Although some articles and books have been written and preached zealously about flattery, most people receive less recognition than they deserve. Many people hardly ever receive compliments either on the job or at home, thus intensifying their demand for recognition.认可：recognition 恭维：flattery 赞美：compliment鲜花是最常送的礼物之一。
研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it." 飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
Unit One核心员工的特征大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。
“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。
在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。
当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。
我们只招募核心员工。
”1What exactly is a key player?A"Key Player"is a phrase that I've heard about from em ployersduring just about every search I've conducted.I asked a client-a hiring manager inv olved in arecent search-to define it for me."Every company has a handful of staff in a given ar ea ofexpertise that you can count on to get the job done.On my team of seven process engine er andbiologists,I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,"he said."Key pl ayers areessential to my organization.And when we hire your company to recruit for us,we expe ct thatyou'll be going into other companies and finding just that:the staff that another man ager will notwant to see leave.We recruit only key players."2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
