分析_翻译

Unit 11. Put the following sentences into Chinese.1) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of the Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of Hope, it was the winter of Despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.这是最美好的时期，这是最坏的时期；这是智慧的年代，这是愚蠢的年代；这是充满信仰的时代，这是顾虑重重的时代；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节；这是富有希望的春天，这是充满绝望的寒冬；我们拥有一切，我们一无所有；我们正笔直走向天堂，我们正笔直走向地狱；2) A greeting card can warm a heart, hold a hand, lend an ear, pat a back, light up a face, tickle a funny bone, dry an eye, surprise a child, woo a sweetheart, toast a bride, welcome a stranger, wave a good-bye, shout a bravo, blow a kiss, mend a quarrel, ease a pain, boost a morale, stop a worry and start a tradition.一张小小贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，撩得心痒痒，抹去泪汪汪；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人以温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可用以挥手道别，高声喝彩，遥寄飞吻，也可用以弥补嫌隙，减轻痛苦，提高士气，解除忧虑，开创一种新风尚。

2. Put the following passage into Chinese.As an important means for preserving knowledge, various literatures have become precious resources or treasures for the mankind, which have greatly contributed to the social progress of the human race.Professional literatures have been regarded as ―intangible assets‖ of the whole world because they are, on the one hand, the summary, generalization, and development of the achievements obtained on the basis of previous experiences or studies; and on the other hand, they have been accumulated and handed down from generation to generation. In this sense, therefore, all kinds of literature are records of precious research findings and academic achievements, and the crystallization of human civilization.作为一种重要的知识储备手段，各类文献已成为宝贵的资源宝藏，大大促进了人类社会的进步。

专业文献一向被认为是全世界的―无形财产‖。

因为一方面它们是对前人的经验或研究成果的总结，概括和发现；另一方面，又是人类长期积累、世代相传的遗产。

因此，从这种意义上讲，一切文献都是前人的研究发现和学术成就的宝贵记载，是人类文化的结晶。

3. Put the following passage into English.翻译的意义是将词句从一种语言转换成另一种语言。

简单地讲，它是用与原作不同的语言将作者的真正意思准确地复述出来的一种艺术。

从以上翻译的定义来看，我们知道词句的原意必须尽可能保持准确，不可有所增删。

翻译者的任务只是变换词汇而不是改变其意思。

因此，翻译有两种要素：准确性与表达性。

准确性是翻译的首要条件。

译者必须谨慎地遵循原作者的意思。

字词的选择与句式结构必须如实传达原作的思想。

表达性是使译文易于理解。

换言之，译者必须用自己的文字尽可能将原作思想清楚而有力地表达出来。

准确性是使译文的意义确切无误，而表达性则是使译文生动，引人入胜。

Translation means the conversion of an expression into another language. To say plainly it is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by means of a language different from the original. From the above definition of translation, we know that the original thought of the expression must be kept as exactly as possible. Nothing should be added to or taken away from the original work. The duty of the translator is simply to change the vocabulary, not the thought. In translation, therefore, there are two essential elements: accuracy and expressiveness.Accuracy is the first requisite of translation. The translator must stick to the author’s idea. Words selected and sentences constructed must be of such nature as will convey the exact original thought. Expressiveness is to make the translation readily understood. In other words, the translator must express his author’s idea as clearly and asforcibly as he can by the medium he employs. Accuracy is to make the thought definite and exact; while expressiveness is to make the translation vivid and attractive.Unit 2 Professional PapersPut the following passage into English.我们知道，很多年以前人们就研究过非线性问题。

但是，世界上第一个明确提出非线性问题的是钱学森的老师V onKarman。

1940午，V onKarman在美国航空科学年会上作了一个报告。

这个报告后来发表在美国数学学会学报上，引起了人们对非线性问题的注意。

他指出：现在力学的最大缺陷是仅仅停留在线性化的基础上，而工程实际需要非线性理论。

V onKarman擅长流体力学和固体力学，他全面衡量了两个学科领域的状况，提出了——些当时看来难以解决的非线性问题。

他的讲话使Friedrichs搁下数学，用整整二十年的时间去研究薄板大挠度问题；也促使Rivilin因此去研究非线性材料的有限变形问题，这是非线性力学的开始。

从此，力学工作者不断地向非线性力学进军。

非线性力学的出现是有其工业背景和生产背景的。

As we know, the problems of nonlinearity have long been studied. But it was V on Karman, the former supervisor of Professor Qian Xuesen (H. S. Tsian), who first pinpointed the nonlinear problems. In 1940, V on Karman delivered a lecture at the Annual Meeting on American Aeronautical Sciences, later published in the Transactions of American Mathematical Society, which directed people’s attention to nonlinear problems. He pointed out that the most serious shortcoming of the current mechanics lay in the fact that its theory was still based on linear idealizations, but the engineering reality was demanding for a nonlinear theory. V on Karman, being good both at fluid mechanics and solid mechanics, after due consideration of the current status of these two fields, proposed some nonlinear problems which seemed to be beyond that time. Under the influence of that lecture, Friedrichs put aside his mathematics, and turned to the study of the large deflections of thin plates, which took him two decades of time. Under the same stimulation, Rivilin was led to study the finite deformation of nonlinear materials. That marks the onset of nonlinear mechanics. From then on, continuous conquests have been made on nonlinear mechanics by people working on mechanics. The advent of nonlinear mechanics had its industrial background.Unit 3 reports1. Sample AnalysisSample I Informal ReportMEMORANDUMTO: Audrey Rivers FROM: Kevin Young Manager, Human Resources Personnel Assistant SUBJECT: Evaluation of the Roning Group’s ―Meetings‖ SeminarDATE: March 19, 1995I found The Roiling Group’s ―Meetings‖ seminar to be well worth atten ding and recommend that it be made available to all supervisory employees.The attached folder describes the seminar in detail. Its full title is ―Increasing the Effectiveness of Business Meetings,‖ and it is available in two formats: as a public seminar, such as the one I attended, and as a kit for in-house presentation. Attendance al a public seminar costs $85 per person. The kit, which contains sufficient materials to train 48 employees, costs $1200, which is equivalent to $25 per person.The seminar I attended was held at the downtown Holiday Inn from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. yesterday, March18. You asked me to attend se that I could evaluate its suitability for company adoption.During the morning the seminar leader demonstrated techniques for improving meeting performance and then assigned us to two groups and gave us roles to play as meeting participants.In the afternoon:For the first hour, group one held a meeting and group two evaluated the meeting participants’ performance on a one-to-one basis.Fo r the second hour, the groups’ roles were reversed.The seminar leader then summed up and drew attention to our strengths and weaknesses.I found the seminar to be an excellent learning experience. The atmosphere was relaxed, the participants were actively involved for more than 75% of the time and had realistic, recognizable roles to play, and the scenarios for the two meetings were both relevant and thoroughly developed. Of particular value were the comments we could make on one another’s performance as m eeting participants.I suggest we purchase the Roiling Group’s ―Meetings‖ kit and use it to train our managers and supervisors to hold more efficient meetings. The experience I gained at yesterday’s seminar has prepared me to rim in-house workshops.(The signature of Kevin)Notes：1．（什么种类的报告，背景，报告的双方）这是一份非正式报告。