%b0高速离心法_分离提纯微细矿物的新方法
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九年级英语上册Unit1重点词组总结涔濆勾绾цnit1閲嶇偣璇嶇粍鎬荤粨Unit 1 Section 1A 1.by浠嬭瘝锛屸€滈€氳繃鈥?鏂瑰紡,)鈥?by making flashcards 閫氳繃鍋氬崟璇嶆娊璁ゅ崱by doing sth 閫氳繃鈥?.鏂瑰紡锛堥€斿緞锛夈€?渚嬶細I learn English by listening to tapes.鈶″湪鈥?.鏃佽竟銆備緥锛歜y the window/the door?渚嬶細by bus/car?渚嬶細by October鍦?0鏈堝墠渚嬶細English is spoken by many people.2.read the textbook璇?鐪嬫暀绉戜功3.make vocabulary lists 鍒楃敓璇嶈〃4.listen to tapes?5.ask sb for help鍚戞煇浜烘眰鍔?6.study for a test?7.watch videos瑙傜湅褰曞儚8.practice sth缁冧範鏌愪簨;practice doing sth缁冧範鍋氭煇浜?Do you ever practice conversations with friends (?? I have to practice speaking English everyday.9.read aloud10.that way=in that way11.improve my speaking skills鎻愰珮鎴戠殑浼氳瘽鎶€宸?12. too o鈥﹀お鈥?鑰屼笉鑳解€?It鈥檚too hard for me to understand the article. = It鈥檚so hard that I can鈥檛understand the article.13. for example=for instance14. ask about璇㈤棶鏈夊叧鈥?ask sb about sth?鎵撳惉鏈夊叧鈥? We asked them about the best ways to learn more English. I want to ask about the use of the new machines.15. watch/see/hear sb do sth瑙傜湅//簨;watch/see/hear sb doing sth瑙傜湅//?He can watch actors say the words. Can you hear him singing in the room?16. 杈ㄦ瀽:sometime ;sometimes ;some times ;some time 鈶爏ometime鍦ㄥ皢鏉?杩囧幓鐨勬煇涓€鏃堕棿I鈥檒l speak to him about it sometime. 鎴戜細鎵句釜鏃堕棿鍜屼粬璋堣皥杩欎簨. I met her sometime last year.欐垜瑙佽繃濂? 鈶?sometimes = at times鏈夋椂,鍋跺皵It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold here. He sometimes writes to me. ome time A.涓€浜涙椂闂?It will take you some time to walk there. B.鍦ㄦ湭鏉ョ殑鏌愭椂=sometime: Phone me some time next week涓嬩釜鏄熸湡浠€涔堟椂鍊欑粰鎴戞墦鐢佃瘽鍚?ome times,I've told him the thing some times.17. join:鈶爅oin sb oin in+娲诲姩椤圭洰"鍙傚姞鈥︽椿鍔? I'd like to join in the game. oin+缁勭粐鏈烘瀯"鍔犲??join the Party; join the League, The best way to improve your English is to join an English club18. have fun 鐜╁緱楂樺叴19. not at all 涓€鐐逛篃涓?20. get excited 楂樺叴銆佹縺鍔?21. end up (vi.) 缁撴潫; 鍛婄粓; 缁撴灉; 鏈€鍚?end up doing sth.We end up taking a taxi there .鎴戜滑缁撴灉涔樺嚭绉熻溅鍘讳簡閭i噷. Wesometimes end up speaking in Chinese.()22. do a survey 鍋氳皟鏌?do a survey about I'm doing a survey about learning English. ?23. keep an English notebook ?Section 1B1.spoken English;written English2.make mistakes/make a mistake?3.get the pronunciation right 浣垮彂闊冲噯纭?4.practice speaking English 缁冧範璇磋嫳璇?5.first of all 棣栧厛6.to begin with銆€涓€寮€濮?te on 闅忓悗8. be afraid to do鍥犱负瀹虫€曡€屼笉鏁㈠仛鏌愪簨I'm afraid to speak in class.9. in classugh at sb鍢茬瑧鏌愪汉;laugh at sth鍥犱负鏌愪簨鑰屽彂绗?11.make sentences閫犲彞12.杈ㄦ瀽: too , also , either: too, also?,鐤戦棶鍙?also鐢ㄤ簬琛屽墠be鍚?鎯呭悗鍔╁悗; either鐢ㄤ簬鍚﹀畾鍙??13.decide to do sth鍐冲畾鍋氭煇浜?14.take notes鍋氱瑪璁?15.have trouble doing sth鍦ㄢ€︽柟闈㈡湁鍥伴毦If you have some trouble spelling new words , you can look them up in the dictionary.16. enjoy doing ?17. be impressed 娣卞彈鎰熷姩銆€impress sth on sb/impress sb with sth銆€浣挎煇浜洪摥璁版煇浜?18.write down ?19.look up锛坴-adv锛?鈥滄煡瀛楀吀鈥?20. feel+?鈥滄劅瑙夎捣鏉モ€︹€?21. native speakers 璇存湰鏃忚瘽鐨勪汉22. make up 缁勬垚銆佹瀯鎴?23. as褰撲綔鈥?Most people speak English as a second language.You can use the book as your textbook.Regard problems as challenges.24. around the world 鍏ㄤ笘鐣?1Reading1.deal with澶勭疆How do you deal with your problem?2. unless杩炶瘝鈥滈櫎闈炩€﹀惁鍒欌€︹€?(涓嶇敤浜庡亣鎯崇殑浜? Unless you start at once , you will be late. 闄ら潪浣犻┈涓婂嚭鍙?浜?Nobody , unless Tom can help you. ?3.worry about 锛坆e worried about锛?鎷呭績銆佹媴蹇?4.be angry with 鐢熸煇浜虹殑姘?5.stay angry 鐢熸皵6.go by 娑堥€?7. affect (vt.)褰卞搷,鎰熷姩Worrying about our problem affects how we do at home.8. have disagreements鏈夊垎姝?,9. regard s鈥?鎶娾€︹€﹀綋鍋氣€︹€?plain about鈥︽姳鎬ㄢ€?Many students complain about school. He often complains about the weather here.11.change nto鈥︽妸鈥﹁浆鍙樹负鈥?We must learn how to change problems into challenges.12.try one's best to do sth灏藉姏鍋氭煇浜?13.with the help of 鍦?..鐨勫府鍔╀笅14.think of (think about)銆€鎯宠捣銆佹兂鍒?pare A to B 鎶夾姣斾綔B Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer.皢浜鸿剳姣斾綔鐢佃剳銆?16. physical problems17. face the challenge18. forget about ();蹇樻帀Did you forget about the meeting ? He forgot about sweeping the floor .19. break offbreak off a friendship;銆€銆€銆€20. in a way鐢ㄦ煇绉嶆柟寮?;in a positive way。
2017八年级英语下册unit 7必背词组及句子(新人教版)2017цnit 7蹇呰儗璇嶇粍鍙婂彞瀛愶紙鏂颁汉鏁欑増锛?т笅unit 7蹇呰儗璇嶇粍鍙婂彞瀛?蹇呰儗璇嶇粍1. the highest mountain in the world (Qomolangma)涓栫晫涓婃渶楂樼殑灞?2. the biggest desert in the world (the Sahara)涓栫晫涓婃渶澶х殑娌欐紶3. the longest river in the world (the Nile)涓栫晫涓婃渶闀跨殑娌?4. the deepest of all the salt lakes (the Caspian Sea)?5. the biggest population in the world涓栫晫涓婃渶澶х殑浜哄彛鏁伴噺6. be higher than any other mountain姣斿叾浠栦换浣曞北鏇撮珮7. the biggest country in Asia浜氭床鏈€澶х8. the second longest river in the world9. one of the oldest countries in the world 10. one of the world鈥檚most dangerous sports 鏈€鍗遍櫓鐨勮繍鍔ㄤ箣涓€11. one of the most popular places12. the most famous part鏈€钁楀悕鐨勯儴鍒?13. of all the mountains鎵€鏈夌殑灞变箣涓?14. a lot/much bigger澶у緱澶?15. the population of the US缇庡浗鐨勪汉鍙f暟閲?16. as big as 鈥﹀拰鈥︿竴鏍峰ぇ17. the same size as鈥﹀拰鈥︿竴鏍峰ぇ18. mountain climbing19. feel free to ask me鈥﹂殢渚块棶鎴戔€?20. the ancient emperors鍙や唬鐨勭殗甯?21. as you can see,..?鈥?22. as far as I know,鈥﹀氨鎴戞墍鐭?鈥? 23. man-make objects浜洪€犵墿浣?24. 8848.43 meters high 8848.43绫抽珮25. about 6,300lilometers long澶х害6,300 ?26. around 20 miters wide澶х害2027. freezing weather conditions鍐板喕鐨勫ぉ姘旀潯浠?28. take in air鍛煎惛绌烘皵29. the first people to reach the top?30. risk their lives鍐掔潃浠栦滑鐨勭敓鍛藉嵄闄?31. challenge themselves32. in the face of difficulties33. the forces of nature?34. achieve our dreams瀹炵幇姊︽兂35. at birth鍦ㄥ嚭鐢熺殑鏃跺€?36. live up to鈥︽椿鍒扳€?37. at the Chengdu Research Base鍦ㄦ垚閮藉ぇ鐔婄尗鐮旂┒鍩哄湴38. panda keepers鐔婄尗楗插吇鍛?39. die from illnesses姝讳簬鐤剧梾40. bamboo forests绔规灄41. in the remaining forests?42. another 200 or so杩樻湁澶х害200宸﹀彸43. research centers44. endangered animals婵掑嵄鍔ㄧ墿45. importance of saving these animals€?46. wild animals閲庣敓鍔ㄧ墿47. only live for a short time because of illnesses 鐢变簬鐤剧梾浠呮椿寰堢煭鐨勬椂闂?48. make more homes for the pandas涓哄ぇ鐔婄尗寤洪€犳洿澶氱殑瀹跺洯49. catch whales for meat, fat and oil涓鸿倝,鑴傝偑鍜屾补鑰屾崟椴?50. sea life娴锋磱鐢熺墿51. jump high out of the water 楂橀珮鍦拌穬鍑烘按闈?52. rules on whale protection淇濇姢椴哥殑鍒跺害53. water pollution姘存薄鏌?54. stop putting rubbish into the seaф捣閲屼涪鍨冨溇55. whale parts sold?56. have to be protected57. protect 鈥?from鈥︿繚鎶も€﹀厤浜庘€︾58. weigh many times more than this panda?59. weigh about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos 閲嶉噺澶х害鏄?0.1鍒?.2鍗冨厠蹇呰儗鍙ュ瓙1. This makes it the longest wall in the world.€闀跨殑澧?2. The main reason was to protect their part of the country.. 3. As far as I know, there are no man-make objects as big as this.灏辨垜鎵€鐭?涓栫晫涓婃病鏈夊拰杩欎釜涓€鏍峰ぇ鐨勪汉閫犲伐绋? 4. The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China.? 5. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma reses the highest.鎵€鏈夌殑灞变箣涓?鐝犵﹩锟絆鐜涜€哥珛寰楁渶楂? 6. Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard.鍘氬帤鐨勫幓瑕嗙洊鐫€灞遍《, . 7. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.(as = when)褰撲綘鎺ヨ繎灞遍《鐨勬椂鍊?鍛煎惛涔熼潪甯哥殑鍥伴毦. 8. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.? 鎴戜滑搴旇? 9. No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.. 10. This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.杩欏ご澶ц薄鐨勯噸閲忔瘮杩? 11. Lin Wei and the other panda keepers are preparing the milk for the baby pandas鈥?breakfast.鏋椾紵鍜屽叾浠栫殑鐔婄尗楗插吇鍛樻. 12. The babies are already awake and hungry.鐔婄尗瀹濆疂宸茬粡閱掍簡,涔熷緢楗? 13. When the babies see the keepers, they run over with excitement and some of them even walk into their friends and fall over!褰撳疂瀹濅滑鐪嬪埌楗插吇鍛樼殑鏃跺€? 浠栦滑灏卞叴濂嬪湴璺戣繃鏉?,骞朵笖鎽斿€掍簡. 14. I take care of them like they鈥檙e my own babies.? 15. I wash, feed and play with them every day.鎴戞瘡澶╅兘娲椾粬浠?. 16. Pandas do not have many babies, maybe only one every two years.鐔婄尗涓嶈兘鐢熷緢澶氬疂瀹? ? 17. Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo.鎴愬勾鐔婄尗姣忓ぉ鑺卞ぇ绾?2灏忔椂鍚?0鍗冨厠绔瑰瓙. w W w .X k b 1.c O m 18. The Chinese government is also planting more bamboo trees so there will be more forests for pandas to live in.鏋楀彲浠ョ敓娲? 19. We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more pandas than now.鎴戜滑閮藉笇鏈? ?。
2014九年级英语第⼀单元单词、重点词组和句型(新版新⽬标)2014九年级英语第⼀单元单词、重点词组和句型(新版新⽬标)20149textbook /tekstbuk/ n. p.1 conversation /k蓴nv蓹se瑟蕛n/, n. 浜よ皥锛涜皥璇?p.2 aloud /蓹laud/ adv. 澶у0鍦帮紱鍑哄0鍦? p.2 pronunciation /pr蓹n蕦nsieI蕛n/ n. ?p.2 sentence /sent蓹ns/ n. 鍙ュ瓙p.2 patient /pei蕛nt/ adj. 鏈夎€愬績鐨?n. 鐥呬汉p.2 expression/ikspre蕛n/ n. 琛ㄨ揪锛堟柟寮忥級锛涜〃绀?p.3 discover /dIsk蕦v蓹(r)/ v. 鍙戠幇锛涘彂瑙?p.3 secret /si:kr蓹t/ n. 绉樺瘑锛沘dj. 绉樺瘑鐨勶紱p.3 fall in love with p.3 grammar /gr忙m蓹(r)/ n.p.3 repeat /ripi:t/ v. 噸鍋?p.4 note /n蓹ut/ n. ?v. 娉ㄦ剰锛涙寚鍑簆.4 pal /p忙l/ n. 鏈嬪弸锛涗紮浼?p.4 pattern /p忙tn/, /p忙t蓹n/ n. 妯″紡锛涙柟寮?p.4 physics /fiziks/ n. p.4 chemistry /kemistri/ n. p.4 partner /pa:(r)tn蓹(r)/ n. ?p.5 pronounce /pr蓹nauns/ v.鍙戦煶p.5 increase /Inkri:s/ v. ?p.5 speed /spi:d/ n. 閫熷害v.鍔犻€?p.5 ability /蓹bil蓹ti/ n. 鑳藉姏锛涙墠鑳?p.6 brain /brein/ n.澶ц剳p.6 active /忙ktiv/ adj. ?p.6 attention /蓹ten蕛n/ n. 娉ㄦ剰锛涘叧娉?p.6 pay attention to 娉ㄦ剰锛涘叧娉?p.6 connect /k 蓹nekt/ v.p.6 connect 鈥?with ?p.6 overnight /蓹uv蓹(r)nait/adv. ?p.6 review /rivju:/ v. & n. 鍥為【锛?p.6 knowledge /n蓴lid蕭/, n. .6 wisely /waizli/ adv. 鏄p.6 Annie /忙ni/ 瀹⼢Ξ锛堝コ鍚嶏級p.2 Alexander Graham Bell 鈥?璐濆皵p.6 涓€銆侀 1.work with sb?2.make word cards鍒朵綔鍗曡瘝鍗$墖3.listento tapes?4.ask sb for help鍚戞煇浜烘眰鍔?5.watch videos鐪嬪綍鍍?6.have conversations with sb鍚屾煇浜鸿皥璇?7.too...to..澶?..鑰屼笉鑳?.. 8.give a report浣滄姤鍛?9.at first璧峰垵10.word by word閫愯瘝閫愬彞鍦?11.the secret to.... ...12.be afraid to do sth瀹⾍€曞仛鏌愪簨13.fall in love with鐖变笂... 14.body language15.as well涔?16.a piece of cake灏忚彍涓17.look up鏌ラ槄锛涙煡鎵?18.18.so that浠ヤ究锛涗负浜?19.repeat out loud澶у20.take notes璁扮瑪璁?21.sentence pattens鍙ュ瀷22.spoken English23.make mistakes in鍦?..鏂归潰24.the ability to do sth鍋氭煇浜嬬殑鑳藉姏25.depend on瑙?..鑰屽畾锛涘彇鍐充簬锛涗緷闈?26.pay attention to娉ㄦ剰锛涘叧娉?27.connect...with... 鎶?..鍜?..杩炴帴鎴栬仈绯昏捣鏉?28.get bored鎰熷埌鍘岀儲29.try to do sth灏藉姏鍋氭煇浜?30.be stressed out鐒﹁檻涓嶅畨鐨?31.be afraid of瀹⾍€?.. 32.each time姣忓綋锛涙瘡娆?浜屻€佸姛鑳藉彞鍨嬶細1.鈥滆秺...瓒?..鈥濈殑琛ㄨ揪娉? The more you read, the faster you鈥檒l be. 2.so...that..锛?The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. 3.so that?I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understand of English movies. 4.氾紙1锛夆€旽ow do you learn English? 鈥旾learn by studying with a group. 锛?锛夆€旸o you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation. 5.whether?But whether or not you can do this well dependson your learning habits. В璇伙細鈥渂y+doing褰㈠紡鈥濊〃绀烘柟寮忋€佹柟娉?by+doing褰㈠紡锛屸€滈€氳繃鍋?..鐨勬柟寮忊€?I learn Chinese by listening to tapes銆?鎻愰棶鏂瑰紡by+doing缁撴瀯甯哥敤鏉ュ洖绛擧ow do you...锛?鎴朒ow can I...?杩欑被鍙ュ瀷-How can I turn on the light? -By turning this button. 鎷撳睍锛氫粙璇峛y鐨勫叾浠栫敤娉曪細1锛塨y+浜ら€氬伐鍏凤紝鈥滀箻/鍧?..鈥漛y bus 2锛塨y+鍦扮偣锛屸€滃湪...鐨勬梺杈癸紱闈犺繎...鈥?by the lake 3锛塨y+鏃堕棿锛屸€滄埅姝㈠埌...锛涗笉杩熶簬...鈥?by ten 4锛夎鲸鏋恇y銆亀ith銆乮n锛屸€滅敤鈥?by 渚ч噸鈥滅敤鈥濇煇绉嶆墜娈点€佷氦閫氬伐鍏枫€佷紶閫掓柟寮忔垨濯掍粙绛?with 渚ч噸鈥滅敤鈥濇湁褰㈠伐鍏枫€佹潗鏂欍€佸唴瀹圭瓑in 渚чEg. We鈥檒l be traveling by car. He broke the window with a stone. Please answer the question in English.锛?1.-How do you learn English words? -_____making word cards. A. To B. By C. For D. With 2.-How do you get to school every day. Lucy? -I go to school _____. A.ride my bike B.by my bike C.by bus D.by a bus 3. Mr.Scott made a livingby____(sell) old things. 4. She learns English by listening to tapes.(鎻愰棶) _________ __________ she learn English? 5. Most of them take the train to work.(鍚屼箟鍙? Most of them go to work ___________ _______. 瑕佺偣璇﹁В锛?Section A 1.by asking the teacher for help閫氳繃鍚戣€佸笀姹傚姪銆傦紙P1锛?1锛塨y锛屸€滈€氳繃锛涢潬鈥濓紝鍚庡姞鍚嶈瘝/浠h瘝/鍔ㄥ悕璇嶃€?Eg. He had to do all the work by hand. 2锛塧sk 锛坰b锛?for sth锛屸€滃悜鏌愪汉瑕佹煇鐗╋紱瑕佹眰鏌愪汉鏌愪簨鈥濄€?Eg. My mother asked me for help yesterday. 2. Do you have conversations with friends in English?P2锛? conversion锛屸€滀氦璋堬紱璋堣瘽鈥濄€備笌鍔ㄨ瘝have/hold杩炵敤鏃讹紝椤诲姞涓嶅畾鍐犺瘝锛屼絾涓庡姩璇峬ake杩炵敤鏃讹紝涓嶅姞涓嶅畾鍐犺have/hold a conversion with...鈥滀笌...浜よ皥/璋堣瘽鈥濓紱make conversion?be in a conversion with...鈥滀笌...鍦ㄨ皥璇濃€?Eg. He had a conversation with his son yesterday. 3. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?2锛?1锛塛hat about...?= How about...?鈥?..鎬庝箞鏍凤紵鈥?2锛夎鲸鏋?aloud adv锛屸€滃ぇ澹板湴锛涘嚭澹板湴鈥濓紝澶氭寚浣垮埆浜哄惉鍒扮殑鎰忓懗锛屽⽗涓巖ead杩炵敤銆?loud adj銆乤dv銆備綔adv涘ぇ澹板湴鈥濓紝甯告斁浜巗peak銆乼alk銆乴augh銆乻ingㄦ瘮杈冪骇銆?loudly 鈥滈珮澹板湴鈥濓紝鏈夋椂涓巐oud鈥滃枾闂光€濈殑鎰忓懗銆傚湪鐢ㄤ笌姣旇緝绾ф垨鏈€楂樼骇鏃讹紝閫氬⽗鐢╨oud鑰屼笉鐢╨oudly銆?Eg. Reading aloud is different from reading loudly.鏈Don鈥檛talk so loud.3锛塸ractice锛屽姩璇嶏紝鈥滅粌涔犫€濓紝鍚庡姞鍚嶈瘝銆佷唬璇嶃€佸姩鍚嶈瘝銆?缁冧範锛歍hey practice_____(speak) English every day. 4. It鈥檚too hard to understand spoken English.P2锛?1锛塈t+be+adj+for/of sb+ to do sth. Eg. It鈥檚dangerous for children to play with fire. 2锛塼oo...to...鈥滃お...鑰屼笉鑳?..鈥? Eg. He is too young to join the party. 娉ㄦ剰锛歯ot...enough to.../ so...that... 缁冧範锛歍he girl is ____ tired ____ she could walk any more. A.too; to B.not; enough C.so; that 5. I have to finish reading a book and give a report next Monday.(P2)鍛ㄤ竴浣滄姤鍛娿€?1锛塮inish鈥滃畬鎴愨€濓紝鍚庡姞鍚嶈瘝銆佷唬璇嶃€佸姩鍚嶈瘝銆?Eg. I finished doing my homework half an hour ago. 鎷撳睍锛氬悗鍔犲姩鍚嶈瘝鐨勫姩?enjoy/practice/finish/mind doing sth keep (on) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth have fun doing sth feel like doing sth look forward to doing sth can鈥檛help doing sth 2锛塯ive a report鈥滀綔鎶ュ憡鈥濓紝make a report鈥滃啓鎶ュ憡鈥濓紝have a report鈥滃惉鎶ュ憡鈥?6.Just read quickly to get the main ideas at first.(P2)涓€寮€濮嬪彧绠″揩閫熼槄璇昏幏鍙栨枃绔犲€?1锛塲ust?..灏卞ソ浜嗏€濄€?Eg. Just come here a moment. 2)at first锛屸€滆捣鍒濓紱涓€寮€濮嬧€濄€?Eg. At first we used hand tools. Later we had machines. 娉ㄦ剰锛歠irst of all=first锛岃〃绀洪『搴忥紝鍚庡線寰€鐢╪ext锛宼hen绛?缁冧範锛歘_________I didn鈥檛want to go, but I soon changed my mind. __________, open the windows, the turn off the gas, and if necessary, call an ambulance. 7. Well, be patient.(P2)鍝︼紝鑰愬績鐐⼴€?patient锛屽舰瀹硅瘝锛屸€滄湁鑰愬績鐨勨€濄€傦紙1锛塨e patient with sb瀵规煇浜烘湁鑰愬績锛?锛?锛塨e patient of sth 蹇嶈€愭煇浜?Eg. We shouldbe patient with our students. You should learn how tjo be patient of pains. 鎷撳睍锛歱atient杩樺彲浣滃悕璇嶏紝鈥滅梾浜衡€濄€?8. The more you read, the faster you鈥檒l be.(P2)?鈥渢he+姣旇緝绾?..锛宼he+姣旇緝绾?..鈥濓紝鎰忎负鈥滆秺...瓒?..鈥?Eg. The more you smile, the happier you will feel. 鎷撳睍锛氣€滄瘮杈冪骇+and+姣旇緝绾р€濇剰涓衡€滆秺鏉ヨ秺...鈥?Eg. The weather becomes colder and colder. 9. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?(P3)find+it+adj+to do sth鈥滃彂鐜板仛鏌愪簨...鈥?Eg. I find it very interesting to learn English. 10. What is the secret to language learning?(P3)the secret to...鈥?..?eg. Her age is a secret to us all. 11. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. (P3)銆?1锛塨e afraid to do sth?eg. I鈥檓afraid to travel by plane. 鎷撳睍锛歜e afraid of doing sth瀹⾍€曞仛鏌愪簨be afraid ofsth/sb瀹⾍€曟煇浜?鏌愮墿I鈥檓afraid that浠庡彞锛屾亹鎬?.. 2锛塨ecause of鈥滃洜涓猴紱鐢变簬鈥濓紝鍚庡姞鍚嶈瘝鎬х?12. Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie.(P3)涔嬪悗鏈変竴澶╋紝鎴戠湅浜嗕竴閮ㄥ悕涓恒€婄帺鍏锋€诲姩鍛樸€嬬殑鑻辨枃鐢靛奖銆傛垜鐖变笂浜嗚繖閮ㄤ护浜哄叴濂嬭€屾湁瓒g殑鐢靛奖锛?1锛塩alled Toy Story called amed 锛屼慨楗癿ovie銆?Eg. That man called Bob is my uncle. 2锛塮all/be in love with 鈥滅埍涓娾€?Eg. They fell in love with each other after working together, 13. Although I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning.(P3)█鍜岄潰閮ㄨ〃鎯呭府鍔╂垜鐞嗚В鎰忔€濄€?1锛塧lthough鈥滃敖绠★紱铏though锛屼笉鑳戒笌but鍚屾椂鍑虹幇鍦??Eg. Although it rained, the boys still played outside.=It rained, but the boys still played outside. 2锛塰elp sb 锛坱o锛塪o sth 锛沨elp sb with sth锛沨elp 锛坱o锛?do sth Eg. She often helps me with my English. 14. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.(P3) 鎴戝彂璇€銆?1锛夎鲸鏋愶細discover/invent discoverㄤ絾涓€鐩翠笉涓轰汉鐭ョ殑涓滆タ缁冧範锛歊ecently they _____ gold in this area. Edison ______ the electric light bulb. Columbus ______America. invent 鈥滃彂鏄庘€濆嚭鐨勬柊鐨勶紝鍘熸湰骞朵笉瀛樺湪鐨勪笢瑗?2锛塴istening to something interestingEg. Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes. 15. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them up in the dictionary.(P3)浣嗗洜涓烘垜鎯冲紕鏄庣櫧杩欎釜鏁呬簨锛屾墍浠ユ垜灏辨煡璇嶅吀銆?1锛墂ant綋浜巜ould like锛屽悗鎺ュ悕璇嶃€佷唬璇嶃€佸姩璇嶄笉瀹氬紡銆?2锛塴ook up...in a dictionary?..鈥?Eg. I don鈥檛know the word. Let 鈥檚look it up in the dictionary. 16. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.(P3)鎴戞兂瀛︿範鏂板so thatn order that...an銆乵ay銆乻hould绛夋儏鎬佸姩璇嶅強be able to杩炵敤銆?Eg. My father bought me a bicycle so that I can go to school quickly. 杈ㄦ瀽锛歴o that涓巗o...that so that屸€滃洜姝わ紱鎵€浠モ€?so...that姝?..浠ヨ嚦浜庘€?Eg. Please turn on the light so that we can see clearly. I am so tired that I can鈥檛walk any further. Section B 1. I can鈥檛always understandspoken English.P5锛?not always鈥not涓巃lso銆乤ll銆乪verything銆乪veryone銆乪verybody绛夎瘝杩炵敤鏃讹紝琛ㄧず閮ㄥ垎鍚﹀畾銆?Eg. People who have a lot of money are not always happy. 2. I don鈥檛know how to increase my reading speed.鎴戜笉鐭ラ亾濡備綍鎻愰珮鎴P5锛?1锛塰ow to increase my reading speed+to do鈥濈粨鏋勶紝浣渒now what銆亀ho 銆亀hich銆亀hen銆亀here銆乭ow銆亀hy绛⼢彲浠ヤ笌to do涓€璧锋瀯鎴+to doEg. I really don鈥檛know what to write about. 2锛塱ncrease?鈶爄ncrease to...犲埌...鈥?eg. The population in this city will increase to 1,000,000. ncrease by...澧為暱浜?..鈥?eg. The price of petrol increased by 5%. 3锛塻peed鈥滈€熷害鈥濓紝at a/the speed of鈥滀互...鐨勯€熷害鈥濓紱at full speed鈥滃叏閫熷湴鈥濓紱with great speed鈥滃揩閫熷湴鈥濄€?Eg. Please drive at a speed of sixty miles an hour. 3.I often make mistakes in grammar.P5锛?make mistakes in...=make a mistake...鈥滃湪鏌愭柟闈㈢姱閿欌€?Eg. He always make mistakes in spelling the new words. 鎷撳睍锛歮istakeВmistakes A for B 鈥滈敊鎶夾褰撲綔B鈥濄€?Eg. The teacher mistook me for my twin brother.鑰4. I don鈥檛know enough words to write well.€傦紙P5锛?enough庡悕璇嶅悗銆?enough杩樺彲浠ヤ慨楗癮dj/adv锛屾斁浜庡叾鍚庛€?Eg. It鈥檚warm enough in the room. 鎷撳睍锛歟nough+锛坒or+sb锛?to do sth鈥滆冻澶?..锛堜娇...锛夎兘鍋氭煇浜嬧€濄€?Eg. The box is light enough for the boy to carry. 5. Maybe you should join an English club.儴銆傦紙P5锛?maybe adv,鈥滄垨璁⾰紱澶ф瘝perhaps銆乸robably銆?may be 鈥滄儏鎬佸姩璇?be鍔ㄨ瘝鈥濈粨鏋勶紝鈥滃彲鑳芥槸鈥濄€?Eg. Maybe you are right. You may be right. 6. How can you become a successful learner?燂紙P6锛?learn+er=learner 鎷撳睍锛氬姩璇嶅悗鍔爀r鏋勬垚鍚嶈瘝锛歵each-teacher write-writer sing-singer read-reader work-worker dance-dancer 7. Everyone is born with the ability to learn.姏銆傦紙P6锛?1锛塨e bornbe鍔ㄨ瘝甯哥敤was/were锛宐orn鏄痓ear?Eg. I was born in a small village. 2锛塧bilityㄧ煭璇have the ability to do sth鈥滄湁鍋氭煇浜嬬殑鑳藉姏鈥濄€?Eg. Man has the ability to speak. 8. But whether or not you can do this well depend on your learning habits.浣嗘槸浣犳槸鍚﹁兘瀛﹀ソ鍙?鍐充簬浣犵殑瀛︿範涔犳儻銆傦紙P6锛?1锛墂hether or not鈥滄槸鍚︹€濓紝whether屼笉鑳戒笌if鏇挎崲銆?Eg. Whether she will come or not is still a problem.2)depend on...鑰屽畾锛涘彇鍐充簬锛涗緷闈犫€濓紝鍚庡姞鍚嶈瘝銆佷唬璇嶃€佸姩鍚嶈瘝銆備笉鑳界敤浜庤繘琛屾椂?Eg. We depend on the newspaper for daily news. You may depend on his coming. 9. Creating an interest in what they learn紙P6锛?1锛塩reate-creative-creation-creature 2锛塱nterestake/show an interest in.........鐨勫叴瓒b€濄€?Eg. She shows an interest in music. 10. Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time.ц剳灏变細鏇村姞娲昏穬锛屼綘涔熸洿瀹规槗闀挎椂闂村叧娉ㄥ畠銆傦紙P6锛?1锛塧ctiveН鏋佺殑鈥濓紝take an active part in鈥滅Н鏋佸弬鍔犫€濄€?Eg. Although he is over 80, he is still very active.active-activity-actively 2锛塸ay attention to (doing) sth鈥滄敞鎰忥紱鍏⾍敞鈥?Eg. You鈥檇better pay attention to this word in the English exam last time. 11. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting.郴璧锋潵銆傦紙P6锛?1锛塩onnect...with...鈥滄妸...鍜?..杩炴帴鎴栬仈绯昏捣鏉モ€濓紝connect涓哄姩璇嶏紝鍚嶈瘝涓篶onnection銆?Eg. Please don鈥檛connect this person with that person. 2锛塶eed鈥滈渶瑕佲€濓紝鍚庡姞鍚嶈瘝銆佷唬璇嶃€乼o do鎴杁oing銆?Eg. I need a lot of money now. 3锛塻omething interestingsomething銆乤nything銆乶othing绛夋椂锛屽舰瀹硅瘝鏀惧叾鍚庛€?Eg. There is nothing new in today鈥檚newspaper銆?12. Practice and learning from mistakes.P锛?learn from...鈥滃悜...瀛︿範鈥?13. Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more.浠€涔堛€傦紙P6锛?1锛塼hink about鈥滆€冭檻鈥濓紝鍏跺悗鍔犲悕璇嶃€Eg. They are thinking about a serious problem. 2锛塨e good at鈥滄搮闀库€濓紝鍚庡姞鍚嶈瘝銆佷唬璇嶃€佸姩鍚嶈瘝銆傜浉褰撲簬do well in鈥滃湪鏌愭柟闈㈠仛寰楀ソ鈥濄€?14. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it.P6锛?1锛塭ven if鈥€姝ョ殑鎰忓懗锛岀浉褰撲簬even though銆?Eg. I鈥檒l help you, even if I must stay up the whole night. 2锛塮orget/remember 杈ㄦ瀽锛歳emember/forget to do 鍜宺emember/forget doing 3锛塽nlessif...not銆?Eg. Don鈥檛come unless I call you. 15. Good learners will keep practicing what they have learned.細缁х画缁冧範浠栦滑宸?P6锛?1锛塳eep 锛坥n 锛塪oing sth 涓€鐩达紙缁х画锛⼢仛鏌愪簨銆?Eg. He didn鈥檛stop, and he just kept running. 2锛塳eep sb doing sth 璁╂煇浜轰竴鐩村仛鏌愪簨銆?Eg. I鈥檓sorry to keep you waiting. 16. For example, they may take notes by writing down key words or by drawing mind maps. ?嶆垨鑰呯敾鎬濈淮鍥炬潵鍋氱瑪璁般€傦紙P6锛?1锛塮or example鈥滀緥濡傗€濓紝寰€寰€鐢ㄩ€楀彿闅斿€?Eg. I know the film star-Zhang Ziyi, for example. 杈ㄦ瀽锛歴uch as涓巉or example 2锛塵ind?Eg. Do you mind giving me a glass of water. 17. They also look for ways to review what they have learned.浠栦滑璁炬硶澶嶄範宸茬粡瀛﹁繃鐨勭煡璇嗐€?锛圥6锛?1锛夎鲸鏋?look for鍦版壘銆?缁冧範锛欼鈥檓_______my pen everywhere, but I can鈥檛_____it. Read the passage, and _____the answer to this question. find 鈥滄壘鍒帮紱鍙戠幇鈥濓紝鎵惧埌鎴栧彂鐜板叿浣撶殑鍔ㄨ瘝锛屾垨鍋剁劧鍙戠幇鏌愮墿锛屽⼰璋冪粨鏋溿€?find out 鈥滃紕娓咃紱鏌ユ槑鈥濓紝缁忚繃鍥伴毦銆佹洸鎶樿皟鏌18. Knowledge comes from questioning.鐭ヨ瘑鏉ヨ嚜鐤戦棶銆傦紙P6锛?鏍稿績鑰冪偣鍏ㄧ獊鐮达細 1.锛?013閲嶅簡锛塝ou can improve yourEnglish______practicing more. A.by B.with C.of D.in 2.锛?013鍗椾含锛塋inda鈥檚father hates waiting in long lines. I think he鈥檚not very ______. A.patientB.talentedC.popularD.powerful 3.锛?013閲戝崕锛?Tommy, you can never let others know what I have told you today. -Don鈥檛worry,. I will keep the _____. 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[收稿日期]2000-07-20;[责任编辑]曲丽莉。
[基金项目]国家自然科学基金项目(编号:49672118)资助。
多钨酸钠超声高速离心法———分离提纯微细矿物的新方法段体玉1,2,王时麒1,Anthony M.Faiia 3(1.北京大学地质学系,北京100871;2.国家首饰质量监督检验中心,北京100101;3.Department of Earth Science ,Dartmouth College ,Hanover ,NH 03755,USA )[摘要]多钨酸钠是一种无毒、无气味、易溶解、易配制、稳定性好、回收率高、使用方便安全的新型无机重液,其密度变化范围为1.0g /cm 3~3.1g /cm 3,分离缙云沸石和粘土矿物取得了良好的效果。
详述了多钨酸钠溶液的配制和回收,分离缙云沸石和粘土的实验流程及其应用前景。
[关键词]多钨酸钠重液微细矿物沸石分离提纯[中图分类号]P575.3[文献标识码]A [文章编号]0495-5331(2001)05-0038-03随着矿产资源综合利用研究的不断发展,对矿石物质成分的研究工作要求越来越细;同时,由于矿床成因、物质来源等方面研究的进一步深入,对单矿物的分离纯度的要求也越来越高。
微细矿物的分离提纯,在矿物、矿床研究中是重要的课题。
但是,对微细矿物的分离方法,目前的报道资料还非常少。
自然界中矿物的组成非常复杂,不同矿种又适用不同的分离方法。
所以,它也一直是矿物、矿床研究工作中的困难问题。
微细矿物的颗粒非常细小,表面积很大。
在机械物理过程的分选技术中,正是这种性质起主要作用。
颗粒质量小,布朗运动便占优势,重力的作用就明显减弱,并且动量小以及磁化系数小,对于一般的富集分离方法都极为不利。
此外,微细颗粒表面积越大,所具备的表面能和表面活性就越大,由此带来最显著的效应,就是容易产生凝聚。
颗粒之间的相互凝聚作用,在通常情况下,使矿物的分选提纯过程遭受干扰和破坏。
目前,沸石的分离提纯技术还不成熟。
资料中有关这方面的技术,多为工业分离方法,纯度要求低,应用这些方法难以达到很高的纯度。
笔者在研究浙江缙云沸石矿的矿床成因过程中,需把矿石中的沸石和粘土矿物分离提纯。
而沸石和粘土都属于微细矿物,要实现它们的完全分离非常困难。
经过两年多的探索,上千次的实验,最后采用多钨酸钠高速离心法取得了良好的效果。
1多钨酸钠溶液的配制与回收多钨酸钠是一种新型的无机重液,目前全世界只有德国的Sometu 公司生产,国内还没有用它作为重液来分离矿物的报道。
多钨酸钠具有无毒、无味、易溶解、易配制、稳定性好、回收率高、使用方便安全等传统的重液无法比拟的优点。
而更重要的是:多钨酸钠溶液的密度变化很大,最大可以达到3.1g /cm 3。
因此,很多原来必须使用有机重液的地方,现在都可以使用多钨酸钠来代替。
1.1多钨酸钠溶液的配制1)配制多钨酸钠溶液时,只能使用蒸馏水或去离子水,只能使用玻璃、塑料或不锈钢的容器。
2)量取蒸馏水,根据要求的密度值,按比例把多钨酸钠加入到盛水容器中。
用玻璃棒不停地搅拌,使其充分溶解。
一定密度的多钨酸钠溶液的配制比例见表1。
表1═══多钨酸钠溶液的配制比例表密度(g /mL )多钨酸钠(g )蒸馏水(mL )密度(g /mL )多钨酸钠(g )蒸馏水(mL ═)═2.25700300 2.65797203═2.30723277 2.70805195═2.35740260 2.75815185═2.40752248 2.80820180═2.45763237 2.85827173═2.50772228 2.90835165═2.55782218 2.958401602.607902103.008501503)用比重计测量溶液的密度,根据结果适当地加蒸馏水或多钨酸钠,直至达到合适的密度值。
4)把溶液放于无尘的封闭环境中保存。
5)使用前,最好先测量溶液的密度,并把它按要求进行适当的调整。
1.2多钨酸钠溶液的回收利用由于它的溶解性很好,多钨酸钠溶液的回收利83第37卷第5期2001年9月地质与勘探GEOLOGY AND PROSPECTINGVol.37No.5September ,2001用率很高,矿物的漂洗也非常容易。
实验采用以下的方法回收多钨酸钠溶液。
1)用14000rpm的转速,离心10min,把矿物颗粒从溶液中去除。
2)为了使溶液的密度变大,可以在60℃~100℃的温度下,连续蒸发数小时。
3)溶液冷却后,用比重计测量溶液的密度,根据结果,确定继续蒸发还是向溶液中加蒸馏水,直到达到要求。
2多钨酸钠超声高速离心法分离提纯缙云沸石和粘土2.1实验仪器和条件低速离心机:XYJ80-2型,最高转速4000rpm。
高速离心机:贝克曼GS-15R型,最高转速15000 rpm。
超声波:KQ-250型,功率250W。
高速离心时的控制温度:10℃。
2.2分离沸石的过程1)用钢臼和杵把岩石粉碎至200目以下。
2)把较细的样品放入玻璃杯中,加二次蒸馏水充分搅拌。
3)用超声波把颗粒—液体的悬浮液超声3min~5 min。
4)把超声后的悬浮液转入离心管中,用2500 rpm的转速离心3min30s。
倒出上层清液,从而去除小于1µm的部分。
5)再把上层清液倒入另一个离心管中。
这部分后来将被用来提纯粘土矿物。
6)重复第5)步5次,以确保绝大部分的小于1µm的颗粒被去除,并且每次离心前都要超声以使较大的颗粒悬浮起来。
7)倒出上层清液,把大于1µm的颗粒风干后,放入2.3g/cm3的多钨酸钠溶液中。
超声3min~5min使颗粒分散开来,转入离心管中。
8)用11000rpm的转速,把悬浮液离心33min。
离心结束后,沸石矿物将漂浮在液体的表面,较重的颗粒(石英、长石以及少部分的沸石)将沉在管底,并且它们都会有一个过渡的“尾巴”。
9)向一个离心管中倒出大约一半的重液,以取出上浮的沸石矿物,也要用钢勺把粘在离心管内壁上的取出放入一个离心管中。
10)向两根离心管加满二次蒸馏水,并超声以使悬浮物和重液充分混合,现在重液的密度应是1.15g/cm3左右。
11)用14000rpm的转速离心10min,颗粒都应沉到管底。
把重液倒入玻璃杯中,以回收再用。
12)用二次蒸馏水充满离心管,超声2min,用3000rpm的转速离心5min,沸石颗粒出现聚沉。
反复洗3次,以完全洗去多钨酸钠,沸石矿物变得色浅而不“粘”。
13)把沸石矿物放于通风橱中风干。
有时沸石矿物的表面可能会带有一个绿色或棕色的“皮”,去除它。
这时我们得到了较为纯净的沸石矿物。
期段体玉:多钨酸钠超声高速离心法———分离提纯微细矿物的新方法二碘苯等有机重液。
2)多钨酸钠溶液性质稳定、不易挥发,它适用于高速离心实验。
而有机重液在高速离心实验中由于挥发而密度变小,影响实验的稳定性。
3)多钨酸钠溶液配制方便,密度大小容易控制,在分离密度相差较小的矿物时,具有很大的优势。
4)微细矿物的分离一直是矿物分离中的一个难题。
多钨酸钠的出现将使这个问题变得比较容易解决。
通过更多的实验探索,多钨酸钠一定会越来越多地被用于微细矿物的分离提纯中。
[参考文献][1]杨慧芬.天然沸石的选矿提纯新工艺研究[J ].建材地质,1996(3):45~47,33.[2]单矿物分选方法(全国单矿物分选学术会议论文集)[A ].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1982.[3]黄志良,等.赤峰天然沸石矿物质组分的测试与研究[J ].非金属矿,1995(3):13~16.A SODIUM POLYTUNGSTATE -ULTRASONIC VIBRATION -HIGH SPEED CENTRIFUGE METHOD———A NEW METHOD FOR SEPARATING AND PURIFYING FINE -GRAINED MINERALSDUAN Ti -yu ,WANG Shi -qi ,Anthony M.FaiiaAbstract :Sodium polytungstate is a new inorganic heavy liquid with no toxic compounds and no odors.Solutions with densities ranging from 1.0g /cm 3to 3.1g /cm 3can be prepared.It is easily diluted ,has excellent stability ,a high recycling rate ,and is convenient and safe.Sodium polytungstate has been used to separate zeolites and clay minerals with success.This paper describes in detail the preparation and recycling of sodium polytungstate ,the method of separation of the Jinyun zeolites and associated clay minerals ,and an outlook on the future application of sodium polytungstate.Key words :Sodium polytungstate ,heavy liquid ,fine -grained minerals ,zeolite ,separation and purification[第一作者简介]段体玉(1973年-),男,1992~2000年就读于北京大学地质学系,1997年获理学学士学位,2000年获理学硕士学位,现工作于国家首饰质量监督检验中心,北京大学地质学系2001级博士生。
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