2018届高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第二讲词义猜测题

2018届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题专练（三）段落大意类编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望（2018届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题专练(三）段落大意类)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

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阅读理解主旨大意题专练(三）段落大意类A(２０17·烟台诊断）Ｇrａndparents who help ouｔｏccａｓionalｌy with ｃhilｄcａre iｎ tｈeir ｃomｍunity ｔeｎｄｔo live longｅr than ｓeniｏrs wｈo do noｔ carｅfor othｅr people, ａｃｃorｄｉｎg to ａstｕdy froｍＢerliｎ, Ｇeｒmany.“Hａｖing nｏ conｔacｔ wｉth graｎdcｈｉｌdrｅｎａｔ alｌ can neｇatiｖely ｉmpaｃt grandｐarents’ｈeａlｔh. Ｔhis link ｃould ｂe dｅｅpｌy ｒｏo ｔeｄin oｕr evoｌutiｏnary ｐaｓｔ when ｈelp wiｔh ｃｈiｌdcare wａｓｉm ｐorｔaｎt for thｅｓurvival of the humaｎ species,” saｉｄ Sｏnja Hiｌbrand, onｅ of tｈｅ rｅｓearｃhｅrs。

The fｉndiｎgs aｒe dｒａwn frｏm ｄatａｏn more tｈan 500 peｏplｅoｖer age ７０。

主标题：专题 2 阅读理解之猜测词义关键词：阅读理解,猜测词义,上下文推理,语境难度系数：✱✱✱✱推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱【基础回顾】考点归纳：根据上下文推断生词的词义正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。

但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。

能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。

此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。

这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。

考点1 猜测词义题考点2猜测短语题考点3 猜测指代题考点4 猜测句意题基础必读：高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。

在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。

A．词义猜测主要的设题方式有：（1）The underlined words "took off " in paragraph 2 mean "_____".（2）What does the underlined word "them" in the last paragraph refer to?（3）The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that_______.（4）Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic" in the third paragraph? （5）The underlined phrase " turn his back on" (paragraph 6) most probably mean _______.（6）By saying " We need them yesterday "(paragraph 7), Stover means that snakelike robots _______. B．词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。

阅读理解词义猜测题专练( 二)猜测词语类A(2017 〃广东佛山市检测 )The times are changing. On Thursday October 13th, singer-songwriter Bob Dylan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature,marking the first time the highly - eyed -on literary award has gone to someone who is mainly seen as a musician, and giving rise to heated discussions.The 75- year - old won the prize“ for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”，the Swedish Academy said.“ For 54 years he has been at it, reinventing himself，”said Sara Danius, the academy's permanent secretary.“ Bob Dylan writes poetry for the ear. But it's perfectly fine to read his works as poetry.”And while many Dylan's fans have found great delight at the news，others online and in the literary community are cross with the Committee, saying the award has skipped over fiction writers for the second year.NewYork Times Book Review editor Pamela Paul said it was good news but pointed out how many“deserving ” novelists there are.Director Martin Scorsese put out a statement saying he was “overjoyed ” that Dylan was awarded the prize.“ Dylan's poetry, his musical genius, has meant so much to me personally and to generations of people around the world，”Scorsese said.“His work has influenced and shaped culture,and he has never stopped exploring and growing as an artist.The Nobel Committee has given Dylan a form of recognition that fits his role in our culture—in world culture.”Dylan won a Pulitzer Prize in 2008 for his“great influence on popular music and American culture”. He's the first American to win the literary Nobel since Toni Morrison in 1993.体裁：说明文题材：文化教育主题：诺贝尔文学奖被授予一位歌手而引发热议【语篇导读】作为一名歌手，鲍勃〃迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖的消息让很多人大感意外，从而引发热议。

第二讲词义猜测题题型1 猜测单词类[示例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ，B)Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare，“But I’m just not creative.”27．What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Mistake. B．Drawback.C．Difficulty. D．Burden.[解题思路]第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词①Encouraging__this__kind__of__thinking__has__a__downside.②I__ran__the__risk__of__losing__those__students__who__had__a__different__style__of__thi nking.第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项尝试解答____B____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)The underlined word...probably means____________．(2)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word...?2．“文中信息”巧利用(1)同义或定义解释法。

专题15 阅读理解：词意猜测题备考高考英语二轮复习距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

名校最新模拟试题词义猜测（共20小题）1. (云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考)Although it can be found in natural vanilla bean extract, vanillin also can be made synthetically using chemicals coming from petrol. To create it from plastic, instead, researchers genetically modified a strain of E. coli bacteria so that it can make vanillin from a raw material used in the production of plastic bottles.33. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word “synthetically” in paragraph 3?A. Naturally.B. Artificially.C. Biologically.D. Industrially.2. (四川省树德中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月阶段性测试)Overall, Norway is seeing a rapid increase in passenger car this year—more than 35% higher than in 2020. With electric car sales booming, the future of the V AT exemption has been a top for political debate this year, as law makers look at how to bolster tax income while also supporting the move away from fossil fuels.30．What does the underlined word “bolster” in the last paragraph mean?A．Calculate B．Reduce C．Receive D．Increase.2.( 山东省东营市第一中学2022-2023学年10月月考)In Kansas City, the KC Pet Project is seeing animals surrendered because of their owners’ money problems. “It is sad to see a number of pets coming in through our doors,” said KC Pet Project Chief Communications Officer Tori Fugate. “People are calling us every week saying, ‘I don’t want to leave my animal, but I can’t find a place to live with it.’”9．What does the underlined word “surrendered” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Hunted for B．Looked over C．Given up D．Handed out3.(江苏省苏州市2022-2023学年高三期初考试英语试题)For Amazon and Netflix, adding games to their platforms could attract more subscribers. Or at the very least dissuade existing ones from leaving. After a jump caused by pandemic in users, Netflix dropped 430,000 subscribers in the second quarter but regained some of these in the third quarter. Netflix has said in the past that in the “attention economy”, it competes against video games just as much as video streaming services.12．What does the underlined word “dissuade” in Paragraph 3 mean?A．forbid B．discourage C．release D．protect4.( 湖南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考)As a result, they make up a smaller share of the workforce. With graduation ceremonies behind them, the latest group of diploma-holders are entering the job market. What they want from employers is also not quite the same as in generations past.28．What does the underlined word “diploma-holders" in the first paragraph refer to? A．Employees B．Students C．Graduates D．Shareholders5.(河南省名校联盟2022-2023学年上学期开学考英语试题)Lotse had shared the story of the blind US mountaineer Erik Weihenmayer, who climbed Qomolangma in May 2001. Zhang was touched by the story, which ignited his dream of climbing. 5．What does the underlined word “ignited” in paragraph 5 mean?A．Lighted B．Accomplished C．Followed D．Recalled6．(河北省保定市2022-2023学年高三9月份考试英语试题)But research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. It can activateempathy and the desire to connect with others—both avenues through the prison of heartache and despair.What does the underlined word “avenues” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Relations.B．Pathways.C．Stations.D．Struggles.7.(北京市师范大学附属实验中学2022-2023高三上学期开学摸底考试)And once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men.27．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.A．hits the marketB．gets approvalC．becomes successfulD．comes into being8.(北京市八一学校2022-2023学年高三暑期学习反馈英语试题)Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. 26．What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean?A．Hot-air balloon B．Digital camera C. Big photograph D．Bird’s view9.(2023届河南省洛阳市洛阳创新发展联盟高三摸底考试英语试题)Researchers from The University of Queensland(UQ)have helped design a new app to protect birds at risk of extinction across the world by eliminating language barriers among scientists. The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”, ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.32．What does the underlined word “eliminating“ in paragraph 1 mean?A．Giving in to B．Coming across C．Putting up with D．Breaking down11.（浙江衢州二中2022届高三英语第一次模拟考试）Recently, a new study has shown that certain cells, called time cells, make this type of memory possible.These cells help us form clear memories in time order.As memories are being formed, these time cells put a stamp on the ter, this stamp helps us recount the exact sequence of events and experiences.5. Which can replace the word “sequence” in the 2nd paragraph?A. ResultB. NumberC. DetailD. Order12.（北京101中学2022届上学期高三年级10月月考英语试卷）In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: "Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture," she said, "that if we don't take care of the earth, no will."26. What is the "the bigger picture" (Para. 6) thatLoe wishes her children to understand?A. The knowledge about good food.B. The way to live a grow-our-own life.C. The joy of getting in touch with foods.D. The responsibility to protect our earth.13.(2022年8月浙江省“山水联盟”高三联考)The researchers are uncertain why the chimps use the insects, or even which insects they are, but suspect they might have lenitive properties that could provide pain relief.9. Which of the following can best replace the word “lenitive” in Paragraph 2?A. OriginalB. RelievingC. RefreshingD. Resistant14.（2022年浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟返校联考）With that much money at risk for high profits, misleading claims can effectively hamper the flow of money and resources into really green new plans and businesses, preventing global efforts from dealing with the climate emergency. “I describe it as the 'teenage years' of responsible investing, with a lot of experimentation, and a lot of people trying out new things.” says Ashley Hamilton Claxton.D. The company doesn't say it's “green” and “eco”.6. What does the underlined word “hamper” probably mean?A. putB. clarifyC. stopD. divide15.(北京交通大学附中2023 届高三开学英语诊断练习)A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science — the more people looking at a claim from different angles — is important.32.What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.ExaminedB. Explained.C. Repeated.D. Released.16.(广东省东莞市东华高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期模拟考试)The moral of this story is... don't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give up. Things change If you work hard, give it time, and don't give up, things will always get better Oftentimes all we need is the courage to push beyond the river.6.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "bleak" in the last paragraph? A．unattractive B．Hopeless C. thrilling D．Promising17.（广东省汕头市金山中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考）Hidden under the jungles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve, more than 60,000 human-made features—homes, canals, highways, some of which can even reach the modernized standard—have been identified by an international cooperation of researchers headed by the PACUNAM Foundation, a Maya cultural and natural heritage organization. Those have experts rethinking the outlines and complexity of the Maya empire.9．What does the underlined word “Those” in paragraph 4 refer to?A．The jungles of the Reserve.B．The outlines of the Maya empire.C．The researchers of the organization.D．The man-made projects of the Reserve.18.（广西北海市2022-2023学年高三上学期9月联考适应性考试）Dogs are born to socialise with people because we raise them that way. Two-month-old dogs can already recognise when people are pointing at objects and will stare at our faces when they’re spoken to—both signs that dogs have an innate capacity to interact with us through body language.28．What does the underlined word “innate” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Weak.B．Natural.C．Secret.D．Complete.19.(广东省深圳市光明区2022-2023学年高三第一次模拟考试)Even long-buried ruins can leave a mark on the surface, affecting the growth of vegetation(植被)and so resulting in “crop marks”. These outlines become apparent from high above and with instruments attuned to certain wavelengths of light.13．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “attuned” in paragraph 2? A．Compared.B．Adjusted. C．Appealed.D．Launched.20.(河北省衡水市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期9月月考)Austrian company Tec-Innovation recently unveiled smart shoes that use ultrasonic sensors (声波传感器) to help people suffering from blindness or vision impairment (损伤) to detect obstacles (障碍物) up to four metres away.12．What does the underlined word “unveiled” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Purchased.B．Launched. C．Evaluated.D．Promoted.高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

2018江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解第二步真题演练1（带答案和解释）真题演练(一) [backed fairy wren，another species of Australian songbirdFirst they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatchingThen they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notesA puter analysis blindly pared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarityIt turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their momsAnd the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the babies’ begging callsIn addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most foodThis observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的) strengths of children to parentsAn evolutionary inference can then be drawn“As a parent，do you invest in quality children，or do you invest in children that are in need？” Kleindorfer asks”Our results sugge st that they might be going for quality”语篇解读这是一篇科普类的说明。

备战2018年高考英语之高频考点解密词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。

它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。

考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。

【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。

2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。

3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。

用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。

【设问形式】1. The underlined word ＂…＂in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that ＂…＂ in the first(sec ond…) paragraph, the author means t hat ______.3. In paragraph …, ＂…＂ can be replaced by ＂______＂.4. The meaning of ＂…＂in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。

下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。

一、相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。

真题演练(三)[2015·江苏]AVisitor Code•Arrive with nothing that can harm New ZealandIf you are arriving from overseas，bring no food，animal or plant material into the country.If in doubt declare it to Customs.•Protect plants and animalsNever allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds，other wildlife，or where signposted.•Get rid of rubbishAlways get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste(e.g.，glass，paper) where possible.•Be considerate with other wasteIf using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station.In the back country，bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterways.•Keep New Zealand’s water cleanBecause soaps and other wastes can harm waterways，be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea，lakes and rivers.•Take care with fireAlways observe district fire bans.Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving.•Camp or picnic carefullyWhen camping or picnicking，use facilities provided.•Keep to the trackKeep to the track，where one exists，so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants.•Be considerateWhen driving，minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.56．According to the Code，visitors should act .A．with care and respectB．with relief and pleasureC．with caution and calmnessD．with attention and observation答案 A解析推理判断题。

题型三 ⎪⎪ 阅读理解[全国卷3 年考情分析]从上表可以看出，高考英语阅读理解题，所选材料体裁多样、语言地道、内容丰富、贴近生活、有很强的时代气息。

阅读理解文章具有英语语言独有的文化特征，试题信息量大，对考生阅读速度和快速处理信息的能力要求更高。

阅读理解的体裁以说明文、记叙文、应用文为主，议论文偶有考查，题型设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。

细节理解题相对简单，而其他三种题型相对较难，且在题型设置上，推理判断题的难度会适当加大。

本专题将对这四种题型进行递进式的指导。

一、读文的2 种方式——据情而选方式(一) 文章——问题——文章即先粗读文章，然后看问题，最后再通过精读文章来解答问题。

这是考生常用的按部就班的阅读方式，其特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度。

但采用这种阅读方式的考生往往阅读速度较慢，因此难以在阅读时积极主动的预测文章内容。

方式(二) 问题——文章——问题即先将问题看一遍，然后带着问题去阅读文章，最后答题。

其特点是针对性强，节省答题时间，比较适用于解答事实性和细节性的问题，但是解答主旨性和推断性问题的效果不明显。

上面这两种读文方式的采用因人而异，无优劣之分。

当然，题型不同，读文的方式也应有所不同。

但无论采用哪种方式，一旦选定适合自身的方式，应持之以恒，形成读文做题的习惯。

二、命题的8 大常考处——重点关注阅读理解的命题点有一定规律可寻，掌握命题规律，能帮助考生明确阅读时应该重点关注的内容，抓阅读的“敏感点”，提高阅读的针对性，快速、准确锁定信息区间，为准确解题圈定信息源。

1．段首、段尾处常考无论是议论文还是说明文，一篇文章往往分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证，每个段落一般都是一个部分或者一个层次。

英美作者写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的主旨句，也是出题的重点区域。

2．转折处常考文章的转折处也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，作者经常会通过先抑后扬的方法在转折词之后才明确提出自己的观点。

2018高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破Step1猜测词义常见设问方式1.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “’’？2.What does the author probably mean by “’’?in the contest means _____.3.The word “’’4.The term can be best replaced by _____.probably refers to ____.5.The word “’’refers to ______.6.As used in the line … the word “’’7.According to the passage, the word “’’is known as_____.to refer to ____8.The passage use the word “’’means____.9.According to the author, the underlined word “’’10.From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “’’means _____.在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其指代对象。

做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。

因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。

Step2. 方法探究1. Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. “We’ve collected foreign coins foryears-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,”she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______.A. storyB. collectionC. inspirationD. foreign coin2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng’s deeds remind usof what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive.Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.The underlined word “donation” in Para.3 probably means ______.A. invitation to give a speechB. something, especially given to help othersC. questions asked by interviewersD. chances to be a hero【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。