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上海小学英语总复习资料

上海小学英语总复习资料
上海小学英语总复习资料

上海小学英语总复习资料

一、大写字母的运用

1.句首第一个字母大写。

2.人名、国名、节日名、语言名、组织名等专有名词的首字母大写。

3.星期、月份的首字母大写。

4.特指的学校、政府、党派、委员会或涉及具体人名的称呼或职位,首字母大写。

5.某些特殊词汇、缩略词、标志语、特殊用语等,首字母大写或全大写。

6.句中要强调的部分通常全大写。

7.诗的每一行首字母要大写。

二、与字母发音相同的单词

如:Bb-bee, Cc-see/sea, Rr-are, Tt-tea, Ii-I/eye, Oo-oh, Uu-you, Yy-why.

三、缩略形式

如:I’m = I am, you’re = you are, she’s = she is/she has, won’t=will not, can’t =can not, isn’t=is not, let's = let us.

四、同音异形词

如:to/too/two, their/there, right/write, pair/pear, four/for, know/no, sun/son.

五、反义词

如:day-night, come-go, yes-no, up-down, big-small. short-long\tall,fat-thin,low-high, slow-fast,

六、名词复数的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds.

2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾,加es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches.

3.以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i, 再加es,如:family-families, hobby-hobbies.

4.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加es,如:thief-thieves, knife-knives.(中小学阶段常遇词汇:一个贼thief用半half片树叶leaf作掩护,用小刀knife结束了狼wolf和他妻子wife 的生命life )

5.以o结尾,一般情况下加s,如:radio-radios,photo-photos.

特殊情况下加es,如:mango-mangoes. (中小学常遇词汇:hero, negro,tomato, potato英雄和黑人喜欢吃土豆和西红柿)

6.不规则变化,如:man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth.

7.不可数名词有:bread, juice, tea, coffee, water, rice等。(不可数名词相对应的be动词是is/was)

七、名词所有格

表示人或物品所属关系时,就需要使用名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有以下规则:

1.一般情况下,在名词的末尾加’s构成。如:Tom’s book

2.以“-s”结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加’。如:our teach ers’ books

3.表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。如:Su Hai and Su Yang’s bedroom

八、a, an和the的用法

1.单词或字母的第一个读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach, a “U”.

单词或字母的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg, an hour, an “F”.

2.the要注意的:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the。

九、人称代词和物主代词

人称代词:

1.人称代词分为第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。

2.人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外)。

3.人称代词的宾格在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后。

4.人称代词能代替表示人称的名词。

物主代词:

1.表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。

2.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词也有人称和数的变化。

3.形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词所代表的事物是属于谁的。

4.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:This is my bag.= This is mine. 熟记人称代词和物主代词的绕口令:

我是" I " ,你是“you",

"he, she, it" 他,她,它"

我的“my”,你的"your",

他的"his", 她的"her"

十、形容词、副词的比较级

1.形容词的比较级:用于两者的比较。

(1)基本句式的构成:A(主格)+ be + 形容词的比较级 + than + B(宾格).

(2)表示一样的情况时用原级,结构是:as + 原级 + as

2.副词的比较级:

(1)基本句式的构成:A(主格)+ 动词 + 副词的比较级 + than + B(宾格).

(2)表示一样的情况时用原级,结构是:as + 原级 + as

3.形容词、副词比较级的变化规则:

(1)单音节词末尾加er;

(2)单音节词如果以字母e 结尾,加r;

(3)重读闭音节词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加er;

(4)以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,再加er;

(5)双音节和多音节词的比较级在原级前加more;

(6)不规则变化, 如:well-better, much/many-more。

十一、基数词和序数词

1.one--first, two--second, three--third, five--fifth, nine--ninth,

twelve--twelfth, twenty-twentieth, forty-one--forty-first.

序数词前一定要加the。

2.基数词变成序数词的方法:

(1)直接在基数词词尾加上th,如:seventh第七,tenth 第十,thirteenth 第十三;

(2)以y结尾的基数词,变y为ie,再加上th,如:twentieth 第二十。

(3)不规则变化,如:first 第一, second 第二, third 第三,fifth 第五, eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth 第十二。

(4)基数词“几十几”变为序数词时,表示“几十”的基数词不变,只把表示“几”的基数词变成序数词,如twenty-first 第二十一。

3.序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字和序数词的最后两个字母构成的,如:1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th。

十二、be动词(am, is, are)

1.口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,复数全用are。

2.否定形式:am not(没有缩写形式), is not=isn’t, are not=aren’t。

3.过去式:am/is(was), are(were)。

十三、情态动词(can,must,could,would,may,shall,should)

1.情态动词后面用动词原形。

2.其否定形式是在情态动词的后面加not。

十四、助动词(do, does, did)

1.do, does用于一般现在时,does用于第三人称单数,其余一律用do。

2.did用于一般过去时。

3.它们的否定形式为:do not=don’t, does not=doesn’t. did not=didn’t.

十五、介词

in的用法:

1.用在某范围或某空间内,如:in the desk

2.在一段时间内,如:in the morning

3.以,用……方式,如:in English

in和on的区别:

树上长出来的用on,不是树上长出来的则用in。

in, on, at的区别:

in, on, at都可以用来放在时间前面,但是in后面一般是morning,afternoon,

evening,月份、年份、季节或者指某一段时间内;on用在具体某一天,如:on Sunday morning;at一般用在某个假期期间(不是指具体的某一天),它还可以用在具体的时间,如:at Spring Festival, at five o’clock.

小学英语教材中出现的介词有:

in, on, from, of, by, about, for, under, behind, after, before, with, near, off, at, to, around, nearby等。

十六、特殊疑问词

十七、there be结构与have, has的区别

there be结构:

1.there be结构表示“某地存在着什么事物或人”。

在一般现在时中,there be结构应该用there is 或there are 表示;在一般过去时中,there be 结构则应该用there was或there were表示。

2.主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is(was),是复数时用are(were)。

3.there be结构遵循就近原则。

4.在陈述句中为了强调地点,可将介词短语提到句首。

5.否定句:在be动词后面加not,如果句中有some,要变成any。

6.一般疑问句:把be动词提到句首,首字母大写,句尾改成问号。

7.What is + 地点介词短语?(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)

there be结构与have, has的区别:

there be 表示某地存在着什么事物或人;have(has) 表示某物或人拥有某物。

十八、现在进行时

1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now连用,当句首有look, listen时,也用现在进行时。

2.现在进行时肯定句的基本结构为:主语+ be动词+动词的现在分词(doing,即动词的ing形式)

(1)其中be动词随着主语的变化而变化,be动词包括am, is, are。

(2)动词现在分词的变化规则:

A 一般情况下,直接在动词后加ing,如:cook-cooking.

B 以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e后加ing,如:make-making, dance-dancing.

C 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,双写末尾字母后加ing, 如:run-running, swim-swimming.

D 以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加ing, 如:lie-lying, die-dying.

3.现在进行时的否定句:在be动词后面加not。

4.现在进行时的一般疑问句:把be动词提到句首,首字母大写,句尾改成问号。

十九、一般现在时

1.一般现在时表示一般情况下经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常与 usually, sometimes, often, always等词连用。

2.一般现在时的谓语动词为be动词时,be的变化遵循“我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,复数全用are”的规律。

3.一般现在时的谓语动词为其它动词时,当主语为第三人称单数时,动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

4.动词第三人称单数的变化规则:

(1)一般的动词,直接在词尾加s,如:cook-cooks, like-likes.

(2)以s,x,sh,ch,o等结尾的动词,加es,如:wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes, do-does.

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i, 再加es,如:study-studies.

(4)不规则变化,如:have-has.

5.一般现在时的变化:

(1)be动词的变化。

否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是一名工人。

一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它? 如:Are you a student?

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?如:Where is my bike?

(2)行为动词的变化。

否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't like PE.

一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它? 如:Do you often play chess?

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:Does she like PE?

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句?如:How does your father go to work?

二十、一般过去时

1.一般过去时表示在过去的某一时间里发生的事情,我们用动词的过去式来表示。常与yesterday, last night,just now, a moment ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。

2.be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

(1)am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=was n’t)

(2)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

(3)带有was或were的句子,其否定句、疑问句的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were提到句首。

3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子:

否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形,如:Did Jim go home yesterday?

4.动词过去式变化规则:

(1)一般情况下,在动词原形后面加ed,如:cook-cooked.

(2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词,只加d,如:taste-tasted.

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i,再加ed,如:study-studied.

(4) 以重读闭音节或r结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个字母后再加ed,如:stop-stopped.

(5)不规则变化,如:go-went, sit-sat.

二十一、一般将来时

1.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。

2.基本结构:

(1)be going to do sth.

(2)will do sth.

3.否定句:在be动词(am, is, are, was, were)或will后加not。

4.一般疑问句:把be动词或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一、二人称互换。

二十二、some /any

肯定句:I have some toys in my bedroom.

一般疑问句和否定句中:Do you have any brothers or sisters?

He doesn’t have any pencils in his pencil case.

表示建议、请求等:Would you like some juice?

Can I have some stamps?

二十三、祈使句

Sit down, please.

Don’t open the door..

Let’s go to the park.

一般现在时用法专练

一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often (have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy (be) in Class One.

3. We (not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. they (like) the World Cup?

6. What they often (do) on Saturdays?

7. your parents (read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I (take) a walk together every evening.

10. There (be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike (like) cooking.

12. They (have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always (do) your homework well.

15. I (be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

16. She (go) to school from Monday to Friday.

17. Liu Tao (do) not like PE.

18. The child often (watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang (have) eight lessons this term.

20. -What day (be) it today?

- It’s Saturday.

二、按照要求改写句子

1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)

2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)

3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)

4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)

5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)

6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)

7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)

8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)

9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)

10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)

四、改错

( )1. Is your brother speak English?

A B C

( )2. Does he likes going

fishing?

A B C

( )3. He likes play games after

class.

A B C

( )4. Mr. Wu teachs us

English.

A B C

( )5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays.

A B C

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小学英语复习资料一、可数名词与不可数名词: 不可数名词(本身不能表示复数,常为物质名词或抽象名词),如:milk、meat、 coffee、rice、cheese、soup、bread、hair、fruit、time、Chinese、English、Japanese 单数(如:book、box、boy)单数可数名词可以在它前面用a/an.如: 可数名词 a book一本书 an eraser一个铅笔檫 an English book一本英语书 an American boy一个美国男孩 an apple/orange一颗苹果/桔子 an eye/ear一只眼睛/耳朵 an old doctor an uncle an E-mail(a用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前) 复数(特殊的:man- men woman -women policeman- policemen child -children foot- feet this- these that- those) 二、名词复数的构成形式 三、主要人称代词、物主代词的基本用法。 1、人称代词的数与格:

2、物主代词:表示所有关系,分名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。 数形容词性物主代词 格人单数复数称our我们的我的第一人称my第二人称你的your你们的your第三人称他们的his他的 她们的her她的their its它的它们的四、表示时间、地点、方位介词的用法: 1、介词at的用法: A:用在几点钟之前。 eg:Mr Liu gets up at six o'clock. B:在“night”前用at。eg:The monkeys are tired at night. C:表示空间,在…. eg:Let's meet at the bus stop at five o'clock. at home at school at the bus stop.表示地点:D: 的用法:、介词in2A:in the moming/afternoon/evening.in the garden in the box.in”在…里面。B: “ in Chineseeg:in English…C: “in”是用的意思,的用法、介词 on3monning. on Monday the zoo on Sunday. 晚上前用on。eg:Let's go to A:在时期几前, 在星期几的上午、下午、在…之上,…on the box. on the desk. On the tree.B:under 的用法:4、介词”在…之下,eg:on/under the box. My ball is under the box.“under about 大约,差不多;5、7点钟吃早点。We have breakfast at about seven every moming. 我们 每天早上大约near 在……附近。6、……的 teacher o f English the capital of Beijing7、of五、英语简单句的基本形式和表意功能。eg:s a/an…'sthis/that(in English) It'What…What color is it It's…Who is this/that/she/he He/She/It/This/That/is… I'mYou/They/We are…clock.'s five o'What's the time/What time is it It…表示存在,指“在什么地方有什么”There is/are…where are you I'm…'m fromWhere ate you from We are/I I like English.How many girls/boys/…t like bananas.She/He likes English. She/He/It doesn'Do you/they/we like English t)Yes,I/they/we/you do.(No,I/they/we/you don't)Does she/he like apples Yes,she/he does. (No,she/he doesen'…… You/They/We are(not) He/She/It/This/That is There is/are(not) …… I'm(not) Is/Are there…,其规则变化与名词复数一样。六、第三人称单数作主语时谓语动词加“s”的 用法—comes like—likes come。a.一般加“s”does —goes do—sh”结尾的加“es”。go、 谓语动词是以“b.o、s、x、ch eg: fly-flies”。”为“i”,再加“esyc.谓语动词是以“辅音 字母+y”结尾的先变“be-is have-hasd.少数动词第三人称单数特殊变化:s s time for class. farther has breakfast at home every morning. ''eg: is in the classroom. time to go to school.七、定冠词与不定冠词的用法:desk.

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