下载文档原格式
Unit 3 Computers单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·北京高考)Hollywood's theory that machines with evil (邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a wellknown mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics (控制论), put it this way：“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere (干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not inborn, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work：we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a sourc e of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutroninduced (中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。
1 Unit 3 Computers 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉) [第一屏听写] 1．calculator n． 计算器 2．laptop n. 手提电脑 3．analytical adj. 分析的 4．universal adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的 5．revolution n. 革命 6．artificial adj. 人造的；假的 7．mathematical adj. 数学的 8．designer n. 设计师 9．tube n. 管；管子；电子管 [第二屏听写] 10．network n． 网络；网状物 11．web n. 网 12．rocket n. 火箭 13．download vt. 下载 14．virus n. 病毒 15．android n. 机器人 16．mop n. 拖把 vt. 用拖把拖；擦
17．naughty adj. 顽皮的；淘气的 18．spoil vt. 损坏；宠坏 Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英) [第三屏听写] 1．calculate vt. 计算 2．simplify vt. 简化 3．sum n. 总数；算术题；金额 4．operator n. (电脑)操作员；接线员 5．logical adj. 合逻辑的；合情理的 6．logically adv. 逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地 2
7．technology n. 工艺；科技；技术 8．technological adj. 科技的 [第四屏听写] 9．intelligence n． 智力；聪明；智能 10．intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的 11．solve vt. 解决；解答 12．reality n. 真实；事实；现实
13.personal adj. 私人的；个人的；亲自的 14．personally adv. 就个人而言；亲自 15．total adj. 总的；整个的 n. 总数；合计
[第五屏听写] 16．totally adv. 完全地；整个地 17．application n. 应用；用途；申请 18．finance n. 金融；财经 19．mobile adj. 可移动的；机动的 20．explore vt.&vi. 探索；探测；探究 21．anyhow adv. (也作anyway)无论如何； 即使如此 22．goal n. 目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分 23．happiness n. 幸福；快乐 [第六屏听写] 24．signal vi.&vt. 发信号 n. 信号
25．type n. 类型 vt.&vi. 打字
26．arise vi.(arose, arisen) 出现；发生 27．appearance n. 外观；外貌；出现 28．character n. 性格；特点 29．coach n. 教练 30．electronic adj. 电子的 [第七屏听写] 31．niece n． 侄女；甥女 3
32．deal_with 处理；安排；对付 33．watch_over 看守；监视 34．from_..._on 从……时起 35．as_a_result 结果 36．so_..._that_... 如此……以至于…… 37．human_race 人类 38．in_a_way 在某种程度上 39．with_the_help_of 在……的帮助下 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 (一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高
识 记 单 词 写 对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉) 1.calculator n． 计算器 2.universal adj. 普遍的；通用的； 宇宙的 3.revolution n. 革命 4.artificial adj. 人造的；假的 5.download vt. 下载 6.virus n. 病毒 Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英) 1.calculate vt. 计算 2.sum n. 总数；算术题；金额 3.logical adj. 合逻辑的；合情理的 4.happiness n． 幸福；快乐 5.type n. 类型 vt.&vi. 打字
6.mobile adj. 可移动的；机动的 7.anyhow adv. 无论如何；即使如此 8.technology n. 工艺；科技；技术
核心单词练通 1.It was just her childhood experiences that affected her character (性格) and later life. 2.Seeing their favourite star come in, the devoted fans arose (起身) from their seats immediately. 3.The policeman scolded the driver for turning without a signal (信号)． 4.The police appealed to the crowd to keep calm and the problem was being solved (解决)． 5.This football player was accused of taking money for not scoring goals (得分) on purpose.
6.After years of hard work, his dream has been turned into reality (现实)． 7.Someone who trains a person or team in sport is a coach (教练)． 4
拓展单词用活 [记全记牢] 1.operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员→operate v．操作；经营→operation n．操作；经营 2.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的 3.intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的→intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能 4.total adj.总的；整个的 n．总数；合计→totally adv.完全地；整个地 5.personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally adv.就个人而言；亲自→personality n．个性；人格；风云人物；名人 6.application n．应用；用途；申请→apply v．应用；涉及；申请→applicant n．申请人；
求职者 7.finance n．金融；财经→financial adj.财政的；金融的；资金的 8.explore vt.&vi.探索；探测；探究→explorer n．探险家；勘探者→exploration n．勘探；探测；探险
9.appearance n．外观；外貌；出现→appear vi.出现
[用准用活] 1.Try to simplify (simple) your explanation to the students to help them understand better. 2.There is another kind of beauty that has nothing to do with appearance (appear), but comes from the heart. 3.There were about 40 people at the party in total,_they sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.(total) 4.All applicants who have applied for the job must hand in the application forms before next Monday.(apply) 5.A team of explorers will explore the valley and the exploration will last 10 days.(explore) 6.Humans or animals of high intelligence are always intelligent.(intelligence) 7.After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her personal opinion. Personally speaking, I agreed with what she said.(person)
⇩积 得 多平时多输入，用时顺手出 5
1.ABC式过去式、过去分词变化 ①arise→arose→arisen ②drive→drove→driven ③ride→rode→ridden ④rise→rose→risen ⑤write→wrote→written 2.以“ify”结尾的动词荟萃 ①simplify 简化 ②beautify 美化 ③purify 净化 ④identify 鉴定；识别出 ⑤classify 分类 ⑥horrify 使恐惧 3.“互联网”家族 ①download vt. 下载 ②click vt. 点击 ③connect vt. 连接 ④surf vi.&vt. 浏览；(互联网上)冲浪 ⑤network n. 网络 ⑥database n. 数据库；资料库
(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准
第一组
1.with_the_help_of 在……的帮助下 2.deal_with 处理；安排；对付 3.as_a_result 结果；因此 4.after_all_ 毕竟；终究 5.from_..._on 从……时起 6.in_a_way 在某种程度上 Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication, I didn't know how to ①deal_with them independently. ②After_all,_I had never left my parents. ③As_a_result,_I couldn't adapt to my new school life. Luckily, ④with_the_help_of my teachers and classmates, I have got along well with my classmates and made great progress in my study.
