一、用一句话概括下面各段落。
1. What appeals to customers? Obviously the quality of a product does, but visual image, an instantly recognizable logo, contributes a great deal. It is not only the image provided by the packaging that counts but the whole corporate identity of the company.
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2. Both male and female are buying into the trend, but women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be.
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3. The differences begin when fetuses(胎儿) are about sixteen weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children when they are young. A boy would try to climb a barrier before him or push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills.
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4. With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a high priority for a lot of people. However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping. These days lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own homes with the help of the Internet.
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5. Chess has a long history. It is a game for two people. Each player has some pieces, including a king. The game is over when either king is taken. Playing chess can train one’s mind. Blitz chess is a game of chess where each side is given very little time to make all of their moves. Nowadays computers and cell phones can beat the best chess player.
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6. Online shipping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are often lower online; you don’t have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.
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7. Logos are used on letterheads, packaging and brochures as well as on the product itself. They may also appear in newspapers or on television as part of an advertising campaign.
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8. We know that many animlas do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another place at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.
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二、同义替换
1. There is no doubt that the celebrity spokespeople could promote the sale of product.
_______________________________________________________________________________ 2. In order to keep our health, we should take more healthy food into consideration.
_______________________________________________________________________________ 3. The company’s promise to satisfy customers’ need is important to its success in sales promotion. _______________________________________________________________________________
4. Advertising not only satisfies the customers’ information demand, but also advertises the brand, product position and conception.
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5. In the follow –up class, the teaching activities are similar to those used in conventional classes.
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参考答案：1. Undoubtedly, the celebrity spokespeople could boost the sale of a product.
2. To maintain our health, we should consider more healthy food.
3. The company’s commitment to guaranteeing customers’ satisfaction is vital to its sales promotion.
4. Advertising fulfills the customers’ information demand and publicizes the brand, product and conception.
5. In the follow up class, the methods do not differ from regular classes in language teaching.
1. The logo attracts customers a lot.
2. Women do more shopping online than men.
3. The difference between the sexes begin as early as fetuses are about sixteen weeks old.
4. Nowadays, many people can purchase gifts at home on the Internet before Christmas.
5. Currently, the best chess player can be beaten by computers and cell phones.
6. Online shopping gains the popularity due to its advantages including lower prices and convenience.
7. Logos can appear on many occasions.
8. A range of reasons can account for the migration of animals
上海高考英语题型训练：概要写作 概要写作是在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文的中心思想，体裁和结构的 前提下，省去细节，用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩地概况文章的主要内容和观点。 注意只需要用不同语言复述原文主旨，不能加入自己的观点。 I helped an old man in rags who lost his way, Main point: I helped an old man. Details: in rags, who lost his way. 概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表 达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，一般以议论文说明文或者记叙文为主，要求考生 写出一篇60词以内的内容概要。完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤。 1，读懂原文，找出段落主题句，概况全文中心思想。在阅读过程中，需要准确 把握文章的段落大意，剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系 以及文章的篇章结构。 2，组织语言，对主题句和中心思想同义替换表达。在转换改写中，注重语言表 达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达， 同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。 3，找出恰当的关联词，连贯全文。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，关注文章内部逻辑，关注一切有转承关系的连接词，尤其是一些副词， 比如，however, besides, in addition, therefore, instead等。 为写好概要写作，在平时的阅读中，应注意： 1，培养抓中心句、概况中心思想的习惯。 2，掌握句型转换方法，学会用不同的语法结构表达同一个主题。 3，积累同义替换词和连接词。 Summary Writing Direction: Read the following passage. Sammarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Unit 1, A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes. There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods—paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.
概要写作句子提炼练习-高二英语作文 词性转换法 All members should be equally treated . All members should receive _________treatment . 2. The book is a reflection of Chinese society in the 1930s . The book ____Chinese society in the 1930s . 3. We found it difficult to solve this complicated problem. We found ____in solving this complicated peoblem . 4. What he said left a deep impression on me . His words deeply _____on me . 5. School buses are safe for environment. School buses are __________safe . 句式变换法 1.He joined the club two years ago (改变时态） He has __________the member of the club for two years . 2. Parents should give children more praise .(改变语态） Children should be ____________more praise . 3. It is difficult and I can’t finish it .(不定式） I find it difficult __________it . 4. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her .(过去分词作状语） ________by many students ,she walked out of the lab . 5. When you arrive ,you can send me e-mail .(现在分词作状语） On__________, you can send me an e-mail . 6. Mr Smith is our boss ,he will leave for Japan next week .(定语从句） Me Smith ,_____________is our boss, will….. 7. I won’t believe what he says . (状语从句） _______________he says ,I won’t believe . 8. It was a cold day . There was nobody on the street .(状语从句） It was _____a cold day ____there was nobody on the street . 9. To his surprise ,the little girl knows so many things .(名词性从句） ________surprises him is ____the little girl knows so many things . 10. He didn’t turn up and everyone felt disappointed .(名词性从句） The fact ____he didn’t turn up made everyone feel disappointed . 11. Though I am week ,I will make the effort .（倒装句） ____ as I am ,I will make an effort . 12. I can feel proud of myself only in this way .(倒装句） Only in this way _________________________. 13. He advised us to eat out for a change this weekend .(虚拟语气） He suggested _____we _______out for a change this weekend . 14. The ship didn’t sink with all on board because there were the e fforts of the captain .（虚拟语气）
01 - Sales Strategies How can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salespe the salesperson’s job narrative, suggest ive, or consultive? The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same and is also well suited to companies who have a large number of prospects on which to call. The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s n key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service. The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored specifically to a consumers needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations are looking more at intangibles (无形资产) such as creativity and analytical skills and less at educational background and technical skills. Sales strategies are classified as narrative, suggestive and consultive. Salespeople use the narrative strategy to promote products with standard presentations. The suggestive approach requires the salesperson to recommend a suitable product after talking with customers. The consultive strategy demands that salespeople acquire information about customers and act as their “consultants”. Nowadays more and more sales teams prefer the consultive approach. (60 words) 02 - When You Hear the Final Whistle One of the hardest things for any sportsperson to do is to know when to retire. But even harder is finding the answer to the question “What am I going to do with the rest of my life?
2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作 一、2016年浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题 第二节：概要写作（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is no thing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block o ut disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up t he skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 15 46. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a frie ndly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman h ad taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman sho uld not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been re garded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning awa y dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of pre venting disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter th an white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too f ar? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of diseas e. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages ch ildren to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) positi on is gaining some ground. （原创范文，仅供参考） One possible version： People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in histo ry, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected peop le from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt abou t 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us health y. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our im mune system. (要点 4) 【范文点拨】 (一)要点分析 1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点：However, there is nothing fix ed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说：Different people have different attitudes towards di rt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on th
概要写作微技能训练——如何提炼与处理次要点 1.段落中前后有转折关系的，主要点在后面转折部分，前面的信息要适当选用（尤其是字数较多的情况下），用while/ although/ despite/ in spite of等引出。 例1: A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a lower risk of diabetes than people who eat meat. What most people are less aware of, however, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the environment. 要点： 【牛刀小试】 It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about their language. But many languages are not in such a serious position. Often where languages are seriously endangered, there are things that can be done to give new life to them. 要点： 2.当段落中出现firstly, secondly, finally或also, besides, what’s more, in addition, moreover等表示递进关系的连接词时，这些次要点都需要提取。可采用平行结构(几个次要点都采用相同的句法结构)合并次要点。 例2: From one point of view, people who accept changes think that changes make their life meaningful. Firstly, changes create new opportunities, which make us leap forward. A new job, for instance, might present challenges that push the person to adapt, acquire new knowledge, or add to their skill set. Secondly, a change can represent a break with the past and an old routine which has become boring and predictable. Finally, as well as making life more fun and interesting, new experiences can be good for our physical and mental health. We find that changes can make us experienced and valuable. 要点： 【牛刀小试】 ①However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better family relationships. Just over half of the 2,253 people surveyed agreed that technology had enabled them to increase their contact with distant family members and 47 percent said it had improved the communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need time away from each other at some point to seek their own interests. Family members who might otherwise have sat in separate rooms can now be in the same one while still occupying a different mental space.
分段和概括段意的方法 分段方法 1.按事情发展的顺序分段。凡是记叙事情的文章，都要把事情发生的原因、经过、结果写清楚。有时作者采用“顺叙”的方法，先写原因，接着写经过，最后写结果；有时作者采用“倒叙”的方法，先写结果，再写原因和经过。不管文章怎么记叙，我们阅读时只要把事情发生的“原因”“经过”“结果”找出来，把它们单独作为一段。 2.按时间的变化分段。有些文章是以时间的变化来叙述的。阅读时，我们先找出文章中表示时间的词语或句子，然后分析文段内容与时间的联系，再将同一时间的内容归为一段。（注意：不能每见到一个表示时间的词句就把文段合为一段，而应以一个时间段的内容联系为主。） 3.按地点的变换分段。一般游记、参观、访问类的文章多采用此种方法。我们阅读时只要把文章中标明地点的词语或句子找出来，然后把属于同一个地点的内容归为一段。地点变了，就另换一段。 4.按事物的内容和性质分段。一般状物、几事写人的文章，多可采用这种方法分段。我们在阅读时只要了解了作者从几个方面来描述人或物的，那么，一个方面就可归为一段。 5.按文章的结构分。有些文章的开头有个总起段或接尾有个总结段，有的两者都有（即总分总、总分、分总结构）。对于这样的文章，我们在分段时把总起段和总结段各为一段，把中间分述的内容合为一段。 概括段意的方法 一、摘句法（抓住段的中心句归纳段意） 中心句在文章的开头叫总起句，在结尾叫总结句；有承上启下作用的过渡句（段）中承上的前半句是上一段段意，启下的后半句是下一段的段意。有的中心句则在段落的中间，通过人物的对话或作者的议论、抒情等方式表达出来。 二、串连法（串连层意、节意、关键词，抓住自然段的意思进行综合概括） 该种方法适用于逻辑段中无重点段，各叙述层次地位相当时概括段意使用，往往可抓住一段中的几个要点，把它们串连起来。 （1）一个段落只有一个自然段组成，先看看有几句话并了解每句话的意思，接着找出每句话中的重点词或中心词语，然后把这些词语连起来，组成一句通顺的话。 （2）一个段落有几个自然段组成，首先概括出各个自然段的意思，然后把这些自然段意思综合起来，最后用一句简洁的话归纳出段落大意。 三、根据文章中心取主舍次法 无论是一篇文章还是一段话，都有主要内容和次要内容。在一个有几个自然段组成的段落里，与段的中心联系密切的详写的自然段，就是重点自然段。归纳段意，就以重点自然段的意思为段意。选准角度，语言要明确、完整、简洁。为了做到这点，可用“去旁枝，抓主干”的方法进行归纳。 四、综合法（抓住文章的线索归纳段意） 有的段落既没有中心句，各自然段的意思也没有主次之分，但都围绕一个共同的内容来写的。遇到这种情况，便可采用综合概括法来概括段意。以事情发展顺序为线索来写的文章，一般都是按事情的发生、发展、结果的思路来写的。概括段落大意时，只要围着“事情是怎样发生的？经过是怎样的？结果是怎样的？”等问题来分析，就能概括出段落大意。 五、缩句法 有些段落句子不多，但较长，可用缩句的方法来概括。
上海高考英语题型训练: 写作 2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查 IV. Summary Writing （10 分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 松江 It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this. When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots （同胞）on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didn't exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up words which they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word "boss”,for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word "baas'" which means master. The word "cookie" also comes from the Dutch "koekje”. There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英语用语）in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form of British English which has disappeared in Britain. The verbs "guess” meaning think and “loan” me aning lend and the adjective "mad" meaning angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds of years ago. In the case of “loan”, it was used as long ago as 1,200 years! In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last 500 years that American English now represents the last place where some original British English forms can be found. 参考答案：Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after the first English settlers in America saw new things and learned words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans. 崇明 Giving Thanks This is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a
高考英语题型训练：概要写作 概要写作是在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文的中心思想，体裁和结构的前提下，省去细节，用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩地概况文章的主要内容和观点。注意只需要用不同语言复述原文主旨，不能加入自己的观点。 I helped an old man in rags who lost his way, Main point: I helped an old man. Details: in rags, who lost his way. 概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，一般以议论文说明文或者记叙文为主，要求考生写出一篇60词以内的内容概要。 完成一篇概要写作，需要经过下列步骤。 1，读原文，找出全文中心思想和段落主题句。注重全文第一句，每段首尾句。碰上细节句，比如具体数字、举例等可以跳过不读。 2，组织语言，对主题句和中心思想同义替换表达。在转换改写中，注重语言表达的准确性、高级性，不照抄原文句子，同时注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字表达重要的内容。 转换方式： （1）常用词替换：比如be able to 替代can, have the ability；a great many 替换 a lot of; convincing替换persuasive等。 （2）改变词性，比如successful变成succeed in doing; happy变成happily; adapt 替换adaptive, reproduction替换reproduce、reproductive等。 （3）改变句式，比如把原文两个句子变成主从复合句，把原文的从句变成非谓语动词，普通句改成it is句式等。 3，找出恰当的关联词，连贯全文。如：first, what’s more, last but not least等，关注各段落之间的逻辑关系，关注一切有转承关系的连接词，如however, besides, in addition, therefore, instead等。 4，大略估算一下字数，如果不足50个字，尝试加上形容词、副词如：extraordinary, amazing, significantly, greatly等，或者用定语从句，状语从句、非谓语动词加上一点文中的细节扩张原来的短句。 5，检查：语法错误如单复数、主谓一致、时态、主干和从句主谓齐全、非谓语动词准确。杜绝低级错误。 为写好概要写作，在平时的阅读中，应注意： 1，培养抓中心句、概况中心思想的习惯。 2，掌握词性和句型转换方法，学会用不同的语法结构表达同一个主题。 3，积累同义替换词和连接词。
（一）我的油布伞 飘飘洒洒的雨丝，织成了一幅遮天盖地的珠帘。放学了，从学校里涌出许多花花绿绿的伞。 看见伞，我便想起了我小时候的一把油布伞，想起了母亲，心里涌起一种温暖的感觉…… 小时候，我们村里没有学校，要跑到八里路以外的镇上去上学。来回走读最怕遇上雨天。半路上冷不丁地下起大雨，便被浇成“落汤鸡”。那时候，我多么盼望有一把伞呀！ 有一回，放学的路上，我又淋了雨。回到家我就病倒了，浑身烧得滚烫滚烫的。娘摸着我的额头，眼圈儿便红了。那时候我小，不懂事，竟不能体谅娘的难处，却说：“娘，要有把伞就好了，咱买一把吧！” 娘好久没做声，最后才说：“买，咱买一把！” 听了娘的话，我半信半疑。那年月，家里穷，队里收成不好，全指望着娘织些土布来贴补生活，还要给我交学费、买书和本子。她哪儿有钱给我买伞呢？可是，我知道娘的脾气，对孩子，她从来都是说一句是一句的。 从那以后，她每天晚上总是一吃完晚饭就上了织布机，“哐哩哐当”，满屋子都是织布的声音。我每天枕着织布声入梦。一觉醒来，织布机还在响。一天，我轻轻地走到娘跟前，颤抖地喊了声：“娘。”娘用熬红了的眼睛看着我，笑了笑。我的泪水夺眶而出，说：“娘，你别再熬夜了，俺不要伞了！”娘笑笑，说：“傻孩子，伞，咱还是要买的。娘多熬几夜就有了。” 终于有一天，娘从集市上卖布回来，一脸喜气，见了我，立即打开了印花包袱，眉开眼笑地对我说：“拿去吧，你要的伞！” “啊，伞！”我惊叫着，从娘手里接过伞来。这是一把八角黄油布伞。 我撑开，合上，再撑开，再合上；又举起来，拧动伞柄，让它在空中旋转。欣喜之余，偶然一回头，望见了娘那带笑的黄油布似的脸，心里一酸，眼里涌出了泪水…… 从此，那把黄油布伞就一直伴随着我，从初中升高中，读大学，一直到参加工作。渐渐地，这把黄油布伞很落伍了，我却舍不得扔掉它。我带着这把伞，母亲仿佛就在我的身边。 1．把反问句改成陈述句。 她哪儿有钱给我买伞呢？ 2．文章可以分成四段，用“//”标明，请写出第二、第三段的段意。 第二段： 第三段： 3．娘答应买伞，“我”为什么会半信半疑？ 4．“我”望见了娘那带笑的黄油布似的脸，为什么心里一酸，眼里涌出泪水？请把你的理解写在下面。 1
新高中英语概要写作答题技巧 概要写作要求读懂所给的阅读材料，用自己的语言高度概括文章的主要内容和观点，有三个步骤：1阅读 a.把握文章体裁。概要写作的前提是要理解原文。首先，通读原文，把握文章体裁、中心思想和整体结构，根据文章的体裁特点来决定内容的取舍，可以从以下方面的内容(见下表)入手。 ▲不同体裁文章的要点 b.画出主题句或关键词，主题句一般出现在段首或段尾。在找到主题句后，要分析主题句的意义，进一步确定衬托主题句的一些关键词（组）如动词、名词等。 c.整合概括大意。根据阅读时获取的信息、主题句或关键词(组)等，对相关的内容进行整合，理清各层次、要点之间的关系，用自己的语言把词(组)扩展成句，归纳出各段落的大意，也就是表达的要点。2写作
概要写作不是对原文的简单复述，而是在透彻理解原文的基础上，对原文进行高度的概括。注意以下几点： a.准确。准确理解原文包括对原文中每个要点及与之相关的“一些重要论据，句子的理解等。概要写作必须绝对忠实于原文，既不能遗漏任何要点，也不能随意添加内容。概要写作的时态顺应与原文的时态，顺序一致。由于概要写作是转述别人的事情或观点，所以，不管原文使用何种人称概要写作一般都要用第三人称。 b.客观。在进行概要写作时，要依据原文作者的观点，客观地转述文中的要点，不要把自己个人的观点和看法掺杂进去，不要使用“I think”和“I believe”等主观性的词句。由于概要写作不允许照抄原文中的句子，因此，可采用句型转换、同义词转化、语态互换等手法将原文中的句子进行改头换面，达到“雁过不留痕”的效果。如可用单个词汇替换具有相同语法功能的单词和词组：用determine 代替“make up ones mind”;用therefore和to等表示逻辑意义的连接词代替较长的词组“as a result”和“in order to”等。 c.简洁。由于概要写作的词数有限，所以，可以采取削“枝”去“叶”的方法来减少词数。通常的方法是去掉原文中的一些实例、冗长的说明、描述性的修饰语以及省略或简化图表，删除直接引语的对话。如果必须保留某些重要的对话，可将其改为间接引语的形式，即把对话体变为叙述体；或采用主谓缩写( we are→we're；they will→they'll)，句式省略( when he crossed the road= when crossing the road)，合并句子，使用简单句、并列句，with的复合结构，适当使用复合句等方法来进行概要写作。 d.连贯。连接词是内容概要的桥梁，它在句与句或段与段之间起铺垫的作用，能够把内容概要有机地串联起来，确保行文流畅，衔接紧凑。因此，概要写作哪怕只有一个段落，也要根据原文的层次结构，在适当的地方添加连接词，如表示顺序关系的“firstly”¨secondly"“finally”；