概要写作专练
答案提供详尽解析，旨在指导考生拓展写作思路，提升写作能力。
概要写作专练(一)
A
(2018·浙江省名校联盟第三次联考)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper. After all, isn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?
When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, well-equipped with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen ... At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.
Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often — only of objects I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.
I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won’t have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don’t live to make memories —I just live, and the memories form themselves.
一、试题详解
1．核心内容
本文是一篇记叙文，全文共四段。第一段讲述作者小时候喜欢写日记，每天忙着把各种日常生活及感受记录在本子上，积累记忆，保存过去。
第二段讲述作者13岁时的一次旅游经历，山谷的美丽使她/他意识到，应该学会当时当地去欣赏和体验世间万物，而不是一味地记录。
第三段主要讲述了作者写日记的方式发生了改变，现在只把自己特殊的想法或情感有选择地写在日记中。
第四段是作者对生活的感悟：把握现在，感受今天；生活，重在感受而不是为了回忆而记忆。
2．写作思路
(1)理清文章脉络，概括段落大意。
该文第一段围绕着首句“Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.”讲述几年前，作者每天忙于记录日常生活感受，事无巨细等。
第二段讲述作者在写日记一事上的转变，全段没有主题句，因此可围绕change一词将本段大意概括为“The author’s attitude towards the diary changed after a trip to a valley.”。
第三段围绕首句“Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.”详细讲述作者改变写日记方式后的相关情况，她/他开始有选择地在日记中记录自己的感想体会。
第四段是作者的感悟，即“I don’t live to make memories —I just live, and the memories form themselves.”。
(2)确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。
要点1是对第一段内容的归纳，同时为使句意更加完整清晰，可适当补充细节，例如，写日记是为了储存记忆。
要点2是对第二段内容的概括，即作者写日记方式变化前后的对比。
要点3承接着要点2，是对作者改变写日记方式后的具体描述，可以使用thus衔接。
要点4是最后一段中作者的感悟。
二、参考范文
The author had made it a routine to keep a detailed diary of her/his everyday life to store memories.(要点1) That changed after a trip to a valley, where she/he realized breathtaking scenery was meant to be felt with heart rather than written down mechanically.(要点2) Thus, she/he has become selective about what to put in her/his diary, (要点3) focusing on the present instead of busying herself/himself with recording memories for the past or the future.(要点4)
三、范文解析
要点1中，“made it a routine”准确地表达了作者每日像例行公事般地记日记的状态，用目的状语“to store memories”补充信息，使要点信息更全面。
要点2中，非限制性定语从句“where ...”的使用明确了作者改变写日记方式的原因，同时用breathtaking替换原文的dramatic，避免词汇的重复。
要点3由Thus一词引出作者现在写日记的方式，即“become selective about what to put in her/his diary”，同时通过非谓语结构“focusing on ... instead of busying ...”把要点4准确地表达出来，使得句与句之间衔接紧凑，语言精练。
B
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Group singing is a sound that begins inside you, shares it with a roomful of people and it comes back as something even more thrilling: harmony. So it’s not surprising that group singing is on the rise.
As the popularity of group singing grows, science has been hard at work trying to explain why it has such a calming yet energizing effect on people. What researchers are beginning to discover is that singing is like a filling of the perfect tranquilizer (镇静剂), the kind that both eases your nerves and lifts your spirits. The high spirits may come from endorphins, a hormone (荷尔蒙) released by singing, which is associated with feelings of pleasure. Or it might be from oxytocin, another hormone released during singing, which has been found to ease anxiety and stress.Oxytocin also strengthens feeling of trust and bonding, which may explain why still more studies have found that singing lessens feelings of depression and loneliness.
The benefits of singing regularly seem to be accumulative. In one study, singers were found to have lower levels of stress. Another investigation suggesting that our heart rates may keep pace with each other during group singing could also explain why singing together sometimes feels like a guided group meditation. Study after study has found that singing relieves anxiety and contributes to quality of life.
It turns out you don’t even have to be a good singer to gain the rewards.According to one study, group singing “can produce satisfying and therapeutic feelings even when the sound produced by the mouth is of average quality”．Singing groups which vary from casual affairs to serious, professional or a vocational ones will all work.
Group singing is cheaper than medical treatment, healthier than drinking, and certainly more fun than working out. It is the one thing in life where feeling better is pretty much guaranteed. Even if you walked into the group exhausted and depressed, by the end of the night you’ll walk out high as a kite on endorphins and good will.
一、试题详解
1．核心内容
本文是一篇说明文，全文共分五段。第一段讲合唱变得越来越流行；第二段从生理因素分析合唱变得流行的原因：它能使人镇静又激发活力；第三段介绍合唱时合唱者之间的相互影响；第四段介绍合唱者不必唱得很好也能起到功效；第五段介绍合唱比药物治疗更便宜、比喝酒更健康、比体育锻炼更有趣。
2．写作思路
理清文章脉络、概括段落大意。考生可以使用寻找文章主题句的方法概括段落大意。
第一段的主题句是：So it’s not surprising that group singing is on the rise.
第二段没有明显的主题句，但是我们可以找到一些关键短语“explain why it has such a calming yet energizing effect on people, eases your nerves and lifts your spirits”，这些短语说明了合唱的功效。要关注两个关键句子：“The high spirits may come from endorphins, a hormone ... Or it might be from oxytocin, another hormone ...”，这解释了合唱有功效的生理原因。
第三段的主题句是：The benefits of singing regularly seem to be accumulative.
第四段的主题句是：It turns out you don’t even have to be a good singer to gain the rewards.
第五段的主题句是：Group singing is cheaper than medical treatment, healthier
than drinking, and certainly more fun than working out.
概要写作就是要把这些主要的内容进行整合，并灵活处理相关要点。
二、参考范文
Group singing is becoming more popular (要点1) and scientists find out that singing will help make people calm and energetic, which results from some hormones released by group singing. (要点2) Also, singing together will have a good influence on each other.(要点3) Whether people can sing well or not, it benefits.(要点4) Besides, singing costs little, makes us healthy and has a lot of fun.(要点5)
三、范文解析
范文开门见山提到合唱正变得流行，用“become more popular”替代了原文中的“on the rise”；然后用and连接自然过渡到了第2个要点：科学家研究发现合唱的好处，用“make people clam and energetic”代替了“has such a calming yet energizing effect on people”，并且用which引导的非限制性定语从句来解释合唱带来好处的原因。
要点3、4、5也是合唱的优点，它们都是并列关系，表示合唱简单易行，好处颇多。第3个要点把主题句中的accumulative用“have a good influence on each other”表示；要点5用三个并列的谓语“costs little, makes us healthy”和“has a lot of fun”替换了原文中的三个比较结构“cheaper than, healthier than”和“more fun than”。
在要点2和要点3、要点4和要点5之间分别用also和besides进行有效连接，使文章浑然一体。同时在要点4中使用了“whether ... or not”，使句子表达意思充分，结构紧凑。
C
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It is early in the morning and I’ve hardly caught an y shut-eye. My breakfast of eggs, bread and strong coffee will keep me awake and alert before lunch. After lunch, I will face an afternoon of yawning in the office. Sometimes I feel uneasy about this situation but I am sure that I am not alone, for it is not too much to say that we all seem to be yawning more often. Are we turning into a generation of insomniacs (患失眠症的人)？How is modern life influencing our sleep patterns?
We can start by blaming the light bulb and other forms of man-made light. Experts say that on average people go to bed and wake up two hours later than the previous generation. Then, there are the computers. Research led by Professor Charles Czeisler of Harvard Medical School has shown that people who read electronic books
before going to bed take longer time to fall asleep.They have lower levels of melatonin, a chemical which controls our body clock. And they’re less active in the morning. Professor Czeisler said, “In the past 50 years, there has been a decrease in average sleep length and quality.Since more people are choosing electronic devices for reading, communication and entertainment, especially teenagers who already experience serious sleep loss, research on the long-term influence of these devices on health and safety is urgently nee ded.”
So the first thing to do if you want to have a restful night is leave computers out of the bedroom. The earlier you get your fingers off the keyboard, the sooner you tend to fall asleep. Avoid alcohol, as it might reduce our cycles of the “rapid eye movement” sleep, when our brains process the information we have received during the day.It prevents our brain activity going well. And do not eat nuts or cheese in the evening.
After that, if you still cannot sleep, start counting sheep. Maybe that is the best way to avoid another afternoon of yawning in the office.
一、试题详解
1．核心内容
本文是一篇议论文，全文共分四段。第一段用形象的语言描述了现代人失眠这一普遍现象。第二段提出了造成这一现象的两大原因，即人造灯光和电脑的使用。第三段针对如何克服失眠的现象，建议远离电脑、酒和坚果及奶酪等。第四段用幽默的口吻，建议我们数羊来帮助解决失眠这一现象。
2．写作思路
(1)理清文章脉络，概括段落大意。
第一段描述现象，没有明显的主题句，需要根据内容进行概括。
第二段主旨需要整合第一句和后面的“there are the computers”这一句。
第三段主旨也是需要整合三条并列的具体建议，即“leave computers out of the bedroom, Avoid alcoho l”和“do not eat nuts or cheese”。
第四段的建议，内容是和上一段的三条建议并列的，但是因为转化了口吻，所以在概要写作中单独作为一个要点。
(2)确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。
本文要点较为明显，提炼难度不大。第一段的现象描述可以整合为要点1，且用“sleeplessness”和“a state of tiredness”来概括和表达。第二段将两条并列的建议整合为要点2。第三段也是将并列的三条建议整合为要点3。第四段的内容为要点4。
二、参考范文
Modern people suffer from sleeplessness and consequently get into a state of tiredness easily. (要点1) This phenomenon results from the negative effects of artificial light and computers.(要点2) So in order to solve the problem, people are advised to reject computers, resist alcohol as well as refuse nuts or cheese before bedtime.(要点3)Even counting sheep may help solve the problem in some way.(要点4)
三、范文解析
范文将原文的“hardly caught any shut-eye, yawning, insomniacs, sleep patterns”概括为“sleeplessness”和“a state of tiredness”，实现语言的转化和灵活表达。为保证表达的流畅，分别用phenomenon 联系要点1和要点2，用“in order to solve the problem”过渡到要点3。要点3里面的三条建议分别用reject, resist和refuse三个近义词来表达，体现语言的一致性。用语气词Even来引出要点4，以突显语气的转变。
概要写作专练(二)
A
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a high priority for a lot of people.However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping. These days lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the Internet.
Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are often lower online; you don’t have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.
Both male and female are buying into the trend, but women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be. Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to ￡ 240 (3,360 yuan) compared to the slightly lower average of ￡ 233 (3,262 yuan) for men.
In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability
of the Internet but as shopping online has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of Internet users still do have security worries but it hasn’t slowed down the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers.
One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. The average spending per person on the high street is only ￡ 197.70% of Internet users who are now buying their Christmas gifts online. Christmas trading can represent up to 60% of the business for some stores. Many companies are concerned that not enough shoppers are coming through their doors in the run-up to Christmas. As a result there are lots of special offers in the shops. Most shops traditionally have sales after Christmas but this year the bargains have come early in an attempt to attract consumers to spend.
一、试题详解
1．核心内容
本文是一篇说明文，共分五段。第一段主要讲随着圣诞购物季的到来，今年许多人选择在家网购。第二段讲了网上购物变得流行的原因。第三段主要讲无论男女都热衷网购，不过网购对女士更有吸引力。第四段主要讲对网购安全的担忧并未降低网购人数。第五段主要讲面对网购的冲击，传统商场在圣诞购物季到来时的应对措施——提前打折。
2．写作思路
(1)抓住关键信息，理解段落大意。准确理解文章内容，在此基础上理清文章脉络、概括段落大意是写概要的关键。
第一段的主要信息是However后的这句话，其他则是次要信息。
第二段的关键词是popular和reasons。
第三段信息重点是but后面的“women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men”。
第四段的关键信息是security和“ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers”，关键信息之间的逻辑关系是转折。
第五段的主要信息是“the bargains have come early”及其原因，该段大意需要在理解的基础上进行概括。
(2)确定表达要点，简要提炼概括。将每段的段落大意都作为表达的要点可以确保不遗
漏要点。
第一段的表达要点是“not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping”也可以是“lot s of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the Internet”，结合背景圣诞购物，概括起来就是“people are doing Christmas shopping online at home rather than leaving their homes”。
第二段的表达要点是reasons，可以考虑整合到第一段。
第三段的要点是“women are expected t o do more shopping on the Internet than men”，利用简化原则，概括起来就是“women spend more than men”。
第四段概括起来核心内容是“security worries haven’t slowed down the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers”。
第五段的要点是“One victim of the online shopping boom”和“the bargains have com e early”，概括起来就是“Because of the popularity of online shopping, the bargains have come early.”。
二、参考范文
This year, people are doing Christmas shopping online at home rather than leaving their homes for cheaper goods and more convenience.(要点1) With increasing popularity of online shopping, women spend more than men.(要点2) Although safety is a major concern for shopping online, still more and more people choose to shop online.(要点3) With the pressure from widespread online shopping, traditional shops in the UK high street began their sales promotion earlier this Christmas.(要点4)
三、范文解析
范文把第一、二段合并为一个要点，用“rather than”表达“在家网购而不是外出购物”，然后用for引导的介词短语表达原因，用名词短语“cheaper goods”替换“prices are often lower online”，“more convenience”替换“don’t have to queue up”和“you can buy almost any product ...”，使表达简洁明了。
要点2表达时，用with短语衔接上下句，然后简洁地表达“women spend more than men”。
要点3用safety替换security，concern替换worry，整个要点用Although引导的让步状语从句来表达，使语意表达充分。
要点4用pressure替换victim，用“sales promotion”替换bargains，用with介词短语表达原因，然后交代实体店的应对措施，使表达简洁清楚。
B
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Many seniors feel pressured to go straight from high school to college —but Camden Olson, who graduated from Latin School of Chicago in the US last year, didn’t give in. She decided to spend a gap year raising a guide dog for Guiding Eyes for the Blind in Maine.
The non-profit provides trained guide dogs to blind and visually impaired people.
“I can say I’m living the dream，” Olson said.“This is something I’ve always wanted to do.”
Taking a year off before college, commonly known as a gap year, is becoming more and more popular among American teenagers. According to a survey by the American Gap Association, enrollment in these programs grew 27 percent between 2012 and 2013. Some students use the year off to figure out what they want to do, travel around the world, or save money for college.
Olson is using her time to pursue a passion she’s had since 7th grade. For years, she kept an eye on guide dog services until she came across the opportunity at Guiding Eyes. With support from her friends, family and teachers, Olson went for it.
Olson’s volunteer work centers around Derby, a 1-year-old black dog.“My job is to raise him to be well-mannered and socialized，” she said.“Guide dogs have to ignore any distractions. They go everywhere with their visually impaired handler. They give a blind person a lot of independence and emotional support, too.”
Of course, there’s an end in sight for Derby and Olson’s close bond. When Derby celebrates his own graduation, Olson will have to say goodbye to him.
While some look at gap years in a negative light, Olson said she’s seen major success. In fact, she’ll be attending Princeton University this fall and is thinking about majoring in ecology and biology.
“I think I’m already much more mature than I was and aware of what really matters，” she said.“So many kids do come back from gap years a lot more focused and prepared.”
一、试题详解
1．核心内容
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述Olson决定利用gap year来训练导盲犬，这是她自七年级以来的梦想。Olson选择把这一年的时间用来训练Derby，使它能够胜任导盲犬的工作，给视力障碍人士提供帮助，而这次经历也有助于她的成长。
2．写作思路
(1)记叙文是以记叙人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。这篇文章以人物为中心叙述事情。所以我们要交代清楚人物(Camden Olson)、时间(last year after graduating senior school)、事由(raise a guide dog called Derby)，这样文章的脉络就一目了然，有助于概括大意。
(2)确定要点，使其结构紧凑，过渡自然。本文要点1是全文的中心，即Olson高中毕业后打算用gap year来培训导盲犬，这也是她长久的愿望。要点2说明训练的结果，要点3则是Olson从中的收获。在确定要点后就要有效地组织语言。
二、参考范文
Unlike many other high school graduates, Olson was determined to take advantage of her gap year to train a guide dog, which was what she longed to do for a long time.(要点1)Not only did Olson accomplish the task of training Derby to be capable of its work —to help people with visual disabilities, (要点2) but also she herself benefited much from this experience.(要点3)
三、范文解析
以时间、人物、事由作为概要的第一句，直截了当。陈述事由的起因灵活运用了非限制性定语从句和表语从句，范文中用train代替raise，用“what she longed to do”替代“a passion she’s had since 7th grade”。事由的经过和结果其实在原文中占了一半的篇幅，怎样使其简洁是此概要的难点。毫无疑问，导盲犬的主要作用在于能够为盲人导路，给予陪伴和支持，这也是Olson训练导盲犬的主要指导方向，所以用“accomplish the task of training Derby to be capable of its work”简要叙述其过程，范文中用“people with visual disabilities”代替“visually impaired people”，而Olson的收获用了benefited一词，两者的结合用了“not only ... but also ...”使其巧妙衔接。
C
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Living in a foreign country probably sounds exciting and romantic to you. Just imagine the noises from the local market or the smell of strange flowers when you leave the house in the morning. But this doesn’t mean that life abroad is easy. When people set foot in a foreign land, they tend to keep to what is familiar. Becoming
a part of the local culture can be the hardest part of life abroad.
However, in order to get the most of their life abroad, people need to break out of their comfortable routines and explore. The moment you let go of false ideas and stereotypes, you are ready to take your first major step. And more often than not, living in a foreign country can be a truly life-changing experience.
Even for experienced travellers, it is not as easy as it seems to get used to life abroad. Making the transition from living like a visiting holidaymaker to living like a local takes time. Culture shock is part of living abroad and hits everyone eventually. The key is not to let it get the better of you. You have to accept that things are not the same as they are at home and, until you get to that point, try to be respectful, patient and humble.
Another problem is that the charm of a foreign life could wear off as time passes by. For most people, a foreign culture appears strange and exciting at first. After all, the main reason for moving abroad is often the wish to explore foreign cultures. However, after living in a foreign country for a while, little things that you once thought were charming begin to annoy you. You remember how everything ran on schedule back home, how beautiful your hometown was and how much more relaxed and friendly everyone seemed to be.
So, you’d better understand issues with the local food, or problems with adjusting to the pace of life as you live abroad someday in the future.
一、试题详解
1．核心内容
本文是一篇议论文，全文共分五段。
第一段主要讲国外生活听起来既浪漫又令人激动，但事实上由于许多差异，融入当地文化非常困难。
第二段进一步说明旅居海外要想获得最大的收获需要抛弃成见、积极探索新环境。
第三段和第四段指出融入当地文化很困难，原因有两点：一是文化冲击，我们要做到尊重、耐心和谦逊，并且适应新环境需要时间；二是随着时间推移，我们对新事物的热情消退，开始思念家乡。
第五段作者告诉读者当你旅居海外时，你要学会理解与适应。
2．写作思路
(1)理清文章脉络，概括段落大意。
考生可以通过找主题句、分析段落的逻辑关系来梳理文章的脉络，概括大意。第一段是一组“虽然”“但是”的前后转折结构。第二段针对第一段中“但是”后的具体内容——“life abroad is not easy”进一步说明，首句是主题句。第三、四两段围绕“it is not as easy as it seems to get used to life abroad”分两点解释原因。第五段为作者对适应新环境的建议。
(2)确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。
第一段要包括两个要点，要点1是全文的逻辑起点，要点2是该段的主题句。“Becoming a part of the local culture”“living like a local”和下文的“adjusting to the pace of life”表达同样的意思，我们可以用总结性的语句统一进行表述，这样就可以整合表达要点1和要点2。
要点3和要点4根据第三段的主题句和三、四两段的原因解释进行因果关系整合，可以用“for the reason that”来连接，具体原因包含“culture shock”和“homesickness”。
要点5可以将第二段和第五段内容进行整合。第二段和第五段的主旨大意均表达了适应当地文化的重要性，可以综合起来进行概括，做到简洁、条理清晰。
二、参考范文
Different from people’s assumption that life abroad is full of romance, (要点1) accepting the new culture and adapting to the new environment is difficult, (要点2) for the reason that it is time-consuming to overcome culture conflict that one experiences in an unfamiliar environment, (要点3) and that one is likely to suffer from homesickness.(要点4) However, in order to make full use of the new culture, it is significant to be open to it and experience it.(要点5)
三、范文解析
范文中把要点1和要点2表达为一句，主要是为了用“different from”替换原文的but，并用assumption代替原文中的动词sound，为避免重复用“full of romance”代替“romantic”。要点3和要点4把融入当地文化困难的原因进行灵活的概括和整合，避免重复原文中琐碎的细节，并用“culture conflict”代替原文中的“culture shock”。要点5与上文是转折关系，因此用however进行连接。
2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作 一、2016年浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题 第二节：概要写作（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is no thing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block o ut disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up t he skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 15 46. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a frie ndly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman h ad taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman sho uld not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been re garded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning awa y dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of pre venting disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter th an white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too f ar? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of diseas e. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages ch ildren to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) positi on is gaining some ground. （原创范文，仅供参考） One possible version： People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in histo ry, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected peop le from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt abou t 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us health y. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our im mune system. (要点 4) 【范文点拨】 (一)要点分析 1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点：However, there is nothing fix ed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说：Different people have different attitudes towards di rt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on th
2019年高考英语知识点单元总复习教案XX届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修五module 2知识详解1.offer v．(主动)提出(愿意做某事)，提议，给予，提供 n．出价，建议(回归课本p)this person has offered to do a job—and may not be paid for doing it.此人主动去做一份工作——而且可能不要报酬。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①(朗文p1355)they offered him a very good job but he turned it down.他们给他提供了一份很好的工作，但他拒绝了。 ②the teacher offered a computer to his daughter as a present for her wedding.这位老师给他的女儿一台电脑当做结婚礼物。③the student offered to give me a hand when i was looking for my key everywhere.当我四处寻找我的钥匙时，那位学生主动提出要帮我的忙。④the businessman offered $2,000 for my vase.那个商人出价2,000美元买我的花瓶。⑤thank you for your offer of help.感谢你提供帮助。【易混辨析】offer，provide，supply(1)offer“提供”，侧重主动给予，多指具体的事物。多用于：offer sb.sth.或offer sth. to sb.(2)provide“供应，供给”，表示为应付某种需要而提供某物，所提供的东西一般是具体的事物，也可以是帮助、经验、机会、答案、例子等抽象的东西。一般用于：provide sth.for sb.与provide sb. with sth.(3)supply“补给，供给，提供”，只用于具体事物，侧重补充所需要的东西，有时可以与provide互换。经常用于：supply sth.to sb.或supply sb.with sth.。①the factory supplied a uniform to each of
概要写作新题型05 ◆选材特点 （1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内； （2）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。 ◆评分参考 阅卷时主要考虑以下内容： （1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； （2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； （3）上下文的连贯性； （4）对各要点表达的正确性情况。 注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。 2. 考查能力 概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。 3.写作步骤 1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。 2）弄清要求。新高考的概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。． 3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。 4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点： （1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
浙江高考英语百日训练之书面表达概要（8）含答案解析 【题文】 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Although some people don't like using automatic hand dryers in restrooms, it may actually be argued that motion-sensing hand dryers are a practical alternative to paper towels. I believe that our school would benefit from investing in automatic hand dryers in all the restrooms. First of all, the automatic hand dryer is very sanitary（卫生的）. Instead of pulling on a lever (手柄) touched by a large number of students, users can just stick their hands under the air dryer. No bacteria can get on them because there is nothing to touch. Kids wouldn't get sick from the paper towel dispensers (纸巾盒) . In addition, if the school buys automatic hand dryers, we can save money. There is a terrible waste of paper towels in the restrooms. Students continuously pull on the lever for unneeded towels until the dispensers are empty. An automatic hand dryer costs about $500, with very little additional cost over time while paper towels can cost $25 a case, or about $500 a year. After just one year, it would pay for itself. Finally, our bathroom is a paper towel mess! There are always piles of paper towels on the floor. Sometimes the extras fall from the dispenser unused. Many times kids make their used towel into a ball and aim for a basket. But if they miss the target, the paper ball stays on the floor. Paper towels leave so much litter in the restrooms that the restrooms are a mess. People use the hand dryers for just a few seconds, and they think that automatic hand dryers don't dry their hands as thoroughly as paper towels. However, studies have shown that when people dry their hands for at least 30 seconds, automatic dryers actually dry much better than paper towels. It is difficult to get every part of your hand dry using paper towels, but the air can if you take a few extra seconds. As you see there are some good points, let's install automatic hand dryers as soon as possible! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Compared with paper towels, hand dryers have more advantages, which will benefit school in four ways. First, they are clean and healthy because bacteria can’t touch kids. Additionally, i t can help school save money. Thirdly, our bathroom can be kept clean and neat. Besides, it can dry our hands more effectively if we take longer time. Therefore, school is advisable to fix the equipment at once.(66) 【解析】 【分析】
概要写作（Summary writing），被称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。 概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。 一．正确认识概要写作 1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义） By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book. 2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点） Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text. Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner. Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only. 3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤） 1）Skim the text to find out the general theme. 2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details. 4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence. 5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes. 4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头） Begin your summary with: *The author’s name *The article’s or chapter’s name *The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article. The Body: First of all, the author describes…… He then points out that…… In addition, the author talks about…… Finally, the author suggests…… Some other introductory phrases: *(The author) states in (this article) that…
浙江省2020届高三12月百校联考英语试卷精选汇编： 读后续写概要写作 第一节读后续写（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Craig watched his old sister, Riley, and her friend Liz race up and down the lake on their skates, avoiding other hockey(曲棍球) players. Their skate blades looked like silver smoke. When the game was over, the girls skated up to the bench where Craig was sitting. Craig asked Riley what skating felt like. “When I go really fast, I feel like I’m flying,” she said. That’s silly, thought Craig. Flying is something birds do in the air, not something people do on ice skates. Then he watched Riley go back out on the ice. She skated around and around the edge of the lake with her arms pumping and her scarf trailing behind her. Soon she went so fast that her arms looked like wings and her scarf looked like a feathery tail. Maybe skating really was like flying. When Riley sat down to take her skates off, Craig said, “I wish I could fly.” Riley retied her skate laces and crouched next to Craig. “Get on my back,” she said, and Craig did. Riley started skating, but Craig didn’t feel like he was flying. It just felt like a shaking piggyback ride. “You’re too heavy,” Riley said. “I can’t go fast when I’m carrying you.” She skated slowly back to the bench. Craig got off her back. “Even if you could go fast, I wouldn’t be flying.” he said sadly. “I need skates to fly.” Riley didn’t say anything on the walk home, but a few days later she asked Craig if he wanted to go skating. “To watch?” he asked. “No, to skate,” she said cheerfully. “Mom and I found a pair of my old skates. They might fit you.” The skates were a little big, but when Riley stuffed newspaper in the toes, they fit. Craig couldn’t stop smiling. He didn’t want to take them off, but he had to so he could walk to the lake. Riley and Liz went with him. They carried their hockey sticks and a wooden chair. Hardly had they got to the lake when Craig put his skates back on and Riley helped him onto the ice. 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1: Then she put his hands on the back of the chair. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
专题一细节理解题 Passage 1[2017 甲卷(全国Ⅱ),A] 体裁话题词数难度建议时间 应用文戏剧表演信息290 ★4分钟 In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us. National Theatre of China Beijing | Chinese This great occasion(盛会)will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK.The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s RichardⅢwill be directed by the National’s Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying. Date & Time: Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30pm & 6.30pm Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi | Georgian One of the most famous theatres in Georgia,the Marjanishvili,founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导) by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze. Date & Time: Friday 18 May, 2.30pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30pm Deafinitely Theatre London | British Sign Language(BSL) By translating the rich and humorous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience. Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May,7.30pm Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv | Hebrew The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK. Date & Time: Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm 21.Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China? A. RichardⅢ. B. Love’s Labour’s Lost. C. As You Like It. D. The Merchant of Venice. 22.What is special about Deafinitely Theatre? A. It has two groups of actors. B. It is the leading theatre in London. C. It performs plays in BSL.
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要(2017宁波模拟) Many Chinese students have studied English for approximately ten years, but most of them cannot even speak English correctly or fluently. In my opinion, there are several obstacles that have caused this to happen. The main obstacle is fear! Another is the habit of mentally translating from Chinese to English and then to change these thoughts into spoken words and sentences. Many of these difficulties are caused by the way Chinese people study and learn the language. We must learn to speak as a child does. When we are learning a second language we need to remember how we learned our native language. Learning to understand and speak a language is one of the first skills a child develops. How does a child learn the language? He listens for a time and then he tries to repeat the words. Parents give great praise for the smallest effort and slightest improvement. Therefore, the child develops courage and is excited about learning. It takes a long time before he knows anything about grammar, spelling or formal sentence structures. As for language teachers, they should avoid criticism and be very encouraging and generous with praise. Criticism or pointing out faults too often causes students to lose self-confidence and develop a fear of speaking. The best way to motivate a student is using praise. The most important aspect of speaking is having good self-esteem. Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself. When most Chinese people are asked how their English is, or they are told their English is very good, they immediately respond by saying, "Oh my English is very poor." If you say this to yourself often enough, you will believe it. When someone compliments（称赞）you, just say "thank you". __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 共（）词
2019年高考英语知识点单元总复习教案 XX届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修五module 2知识详解1.offer v．(主动)提出(愿意做某事)，提议，给予，提供 n．出价，建议(回归课本p)this person has offered to do a job—and may not be paid for doing it.此人主动去做一份工作——而且可能不要报酬。【归纳总结】【例句探源】①(朗文p1355)they offered him a very good job but he turned it down.他们给他提供了一份很好的工作，但他拒绝了。 ②the teacher offered a computer to his daughter as a present for her wedding.这位老师给他的女儿一台电脑当做结婚礼物。③the student offered to give me a hand when i was looking for my key everywhere.当我四处寻找我的钥匙时，那位学生主动提出要帮我的忙。④the businessman offered $2,000 for my vase.那个商人出价2,000美元买我的花瓶。⑤thank you for your offer of help.感谢你提供帮助。【易混辨析】offer，provide，supply(1)offer“提供”，侧重主动给予，多指具体的事物。多用于：offer sb.sth.或offer sth. to sb.(2)provide“供应，供给”，表示为应付某种需要而提供某物，所提供的东西一般是具体的事物，也可以是帮助、经验、机会、答案、例子等抽象的东西。一般用于：provide sth.for sb.与provide sb. with sth.(3)supply“补给，供给，提供”，只用于具体事物，侧重补充所需要的东西，有时可以与provide互换。经常用于：supply sth.to sb.或supply sb.with sth.。①the factory supplied a uniform to each of
概要写作 [考纲解读] 提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。 [原题分析] 1．原文材料350词以内，概要写作40～80词。 2．原文以说明文、议论文为主。 3．概要，基本就是段落大意。每段用一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括。 4．要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。 [写作注意事项] 1．找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。 2．各要点的表达要相对独立。 3．各要点之间要有适当的衔接。 4．句型力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。 5．尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。例如，尽量少用关系代词which，who等引导的定语从句，而采用-ing形式和-ed形式作定语。 6．多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。 [概要模板及句型] 1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的 ①This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with... ②The article focuses on the topic of... 2．表示研究的结论 ①The result showed that...
②The author found that... ③It was concluded that... 3．表示推荐、观点或建议 The author suggests/considers that... Suggestions are made for... 实战演练1 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 As most children return to school, many affluent families are choosing to pull their children out of the mainstream education system altogether in favor of having a tutor at home "Around 50 percent of the inquiries we're getting at the moment are for long-term, daily home tutoring," Steve Spriggs, managing director of London-based private tutoring service And, he adds, the trend has grown from families asking for personal tutors to replicate the classroom environment in their own homes. Many families that were making the inquiries for full-time home tutors, Spriggs said, were either travelling so frequently that sending their children to one school was impractical and others did not want their children to go into boarding school. Home tutoring is nothing new, and many tuition firms also offer extra tutoring services to families wanting their children to have a little extra help learning ahead of entrance exams at competitive private schools in the U.K., such as Harrow, St. Pauls or Eton. "We always make it clear to parents that we will only offer full-time home schooling for a year though," Spriggs explained. "Any more than a year and children start to lose out on what a school environment can give them, such as social skills and that vital interaction they need – although we try to mitigate that anyway in our home tutoring with sports clubs of museum trips as part of the teaching program." Spriggs said that the costs of hiring a full-time tutor would exceed the fees of a top boarding school, which usually charge around ￡35,000 ($54,400) a year. Some families employ two full-time tutors, one to cover humanities and the other to cover science and maths. Devising an educational plan for youngsters in these situations is not a quick process, however, taking up to six weeks to plan, Spriggs said, with a tutor being matched to the child to ensure they are compatible.