[概要写作]概要写作提炼句子练习-4.22

浙江高考英语新题型“概要写作”After this class, you will be able to know:12 3 5what the summary writing is the criteria of a good summary how to write a good summary《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》概要写作：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

（满分25分）词数少于40的和多余80的，从总分中减去2分评分原则1、本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

2、评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3、词数少于 40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。

评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑： (1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； (2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； (3)上下文的连贯性； (4)对各要点表达的独立性情况；Argumentation (议论文） Forms of Literature Exposition （说明文）Narration （记叙文）Argumentation (议论文）Topic Supporting ideas Conclusion概要写作（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

(Para 1 )Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.(Para 2 )In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. (Para 3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? (Para 4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.Step 1:Read①topic sentence: There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt ② structure ③ supporting ideas Find out the topic sentence of each paragraphYou may need to pay attention to some words like: think, believe, consider, regard, argue, support, be convinced that, in one’s opinion, from one’s point of viewPara 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtEuropean in a friendly way. Henry Examples of some countries IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.(Para 3) Though the belief in the merit of dirt was longlived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically ? speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?(Para 4) Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in thedirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latterposition is gaining some ground.Makean outlineTopic: There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirtIn the suppor 16th century -ting (Para 2 ) Ideas since18th century (Para 3) nowadays (Para 4) People thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease…has no longer been regarded as… cleaning away dirt is good to health …encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune systemRewritethe sentences in other ways① There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. different, mixed, various反义转换towards opinions, views, ideas同义词替换句型转换The attitudes to dirt is not always the same. ▲ People’s attitudes to dirt vary in different times. ▲ People hold different opinions towards dirt over time.▲Have a try!同义词替换think: believe, hold, consider, insist, argue, are convinced…. block out disease:prevent/protect/keep away … from illness; One possible version: ② In the 16th century, people believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.③…. dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. wash off, get rid of benefits, is beneficial to, does good to, contr ibutes to…One possible version: ③ People began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.④Nowadays, … encoura ges people to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. believe, support, agree, approve…. People are encouraged to…语态转换be exposed to..④ One possible version: Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.Add linkingthe words to make the passage coherent Steptwo 4: Make summary coherent ①People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. ② In the 16th century, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, ③ people ③ People began to change their attitudes to dirt more than 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. Nevertheless/But/however ④nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure ④ Nowadays, to some dirt may help our immune system.Step 5:Revise4 “C” : complete, correct, concise, coherentPeople hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. In the 16th century, people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. But nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.( 67 words)Step 6: Clearly copy your draft to the paperHow to write a summary(argumentation)1.Read3.Rewrite4.Make it-Topic , structure, key supporting sentences 2.Make an outline coherent5. Revise6. neatly copyHomeworkFinish the summary writing of the following Passage阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

高中英语概要写作范例五篇 (附参考答案)found that students who had tried e-cigarettes before ninth grade were more likely to e smokers of nal cigarettes and other tobacco products within the following year。

E-cigarettes work by heating a liquid n containing nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that is inhaled by the user。

The study was fundedby the nal Institutes of Health and conducted in Los Angeles。

The findings suggest that the use of e-cigarettes may be a gateway to smoking nal cigarettes and other tobacco products.A study was conducted to compare the tobacco use n among 222 students who had used e-cigarettes but not any other tobacco products。

and 2,308 students who had never used e-cigarettes orany other tobacco products when initially surveyed at thebeginning of ninth grade。

The 2,530 students who reported never using tobacco were followed up after six and 12 months。

概要写作范文
概要写作是指在文章、报告、论文等长篇文体中，对全文的主
要内容进行概括和提炼，以便读者能够快速了解全文的主要观点和
论据。

概要写作需要具备对原文的理解能力和归纳总结能力，能够
将繁杂的内容浓缩成简明扼要的表达。

在进行概要写作时，需要注
意保持原文的主旨和逻辑结构，同时避免过多的细节和次要内容，
确保概要的精炼和准确。

概要写作的步骤主要包括，理解原文内容、提炼主旨观点、归
纳总结论据、精炼表达概要。

在进行概要写作时，需要注意以下几点，首先，对原文进行仔细阅读和理解，把握文章的中心思想和论
证结构；其次，根据文章的结构和内容，提炼出主旨观点和重要论据；再次，将提炼出的内容进行归纳总结，确保概要的完整和准确；最后，对概要进行精炼表达，保持简明扼要的特点，确保概要的可
读性和有效性。

概要写作在学术研究、报告撰写、论文写作等领域都有着重要
的应用价值。

通过概要写作，读者可以在较短的时间内了解到全文
的主要内容和论证，为进一步阅读和研究提供了便利。

同时，概要
写作也是一种对自己理解能力和表达能力的锻炼，能够帮助提高学
术素养和写作水平。

总之，概要写作是一种重要的写作技能，需要通过不断的实践和积累来提高。

只有掌握了概要写作的技巧和方法，才能够在学术研究和写作中取得更好的成绩。

S u m m a r y W r i t i n gDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A篇Are Open Offices Good for UsFour years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before – moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research t hat we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. Howeve r, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Christmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with yo ur deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.B篇When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money What should our attitude to beggars be There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.Certainly, most of the world's great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride andself-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.C篇One of the toughest things about being a high school student is that you never seem to get enough sleep at night, which often leaves you nodding o任during classes. Spending either less than six or more than nine hours in sleeping puts your health at risk. A popular solution to a lack of sleep at night is to take a "power nap （小睡）during the day, but does this work Generally speaking, it can be beneficial. Research shows that a nap in the day - even a brief one as short as ten minutes—can clear your mind and leave you with increased energy and improved productivity.Here are some things you need to know to nap correctly. To start with' every time you doze o圩（打瞌睡）during the day does not count as a "power nap". The best time to take a power nap is in the mid-afternoon, when your energy level tends to decrease. Try to avoid naps after 4pm, for sleeping too late in the day can make it harder to fall asleep at night.How long should a power nap be Grabbing 10-30 minutes of rest is usually best for a middle-of-the-day nap. You are not really getting established sleep if you nod 0行for only five minutes.However, napping more than 40 minutes can leave you feeling sleepier than when you start, meaningYou'II have to go through the whole waking-up process after you go into the deeper stage of sleep.However, as refreshing as it might be, if you are getting adequate sleep at night, taking a power nap isn't such a wise choice. The reason is that sleeping during the day can interfere with(妨碍)your body's biorhythms（生理节奏）．The brain gets used to going to bed at roughly the same time each night and getting up at the same time each day, and you don't want to disturb this routine.概要写作参考答案【A篇答案】Are Open Offices Good for UsPara 1-3: Though open offices is meant to raise cooperation, employees feel it hard to concentrate, thus reducing productivity.(3分)Para 4: Quiet and closed spaces are better choices for jobs demanding concentration, but some have a feeling of discomfort or weakness to work alone.(2分)【参考】Recently, a research sparked heated discussion about open offices. Some argue that though open offices is meant to raise cooperation, employees feel it hard to concentrate, thus reducing productivity. Meanwhile, others indicate that quiet and closed spaces are better choices for jobs demanding concentration, but some have a feeling of discomfort or weakness to work alone. (56)【B篇答案】What’s your attitude when meeting with a beggar Nowadays, many people choose not to give money because beggars pretend to be poor and may misuse the money. Actually, government should take responsibility for poverty, not ordinary people. Anyway, there's nothing wrong with people giving money to those who really need help. (51 words)【解析】1. 拿到一篇文章首先分析它可以分为几个主要部分，分割完之后对每个部分主要内容进行总结概括即可。

纲要写作五例（附参照答案）第一章：读下边的短文，写一个大概60字的总结。

使用过电子烟的学生他们九年级开始的时候比其余人更简单开始抽传统香烟和其余烟草一项最新研究显示，将来一年内将推出新产品由国立卫生研究院资助。

电子香烟或电子烟经过呼吸把尼古丁输送到肺部加热含有尼古丁和其余物质的液体溶液产生喷雾的化学物质。

作为药物使用和心理健康检查的一部分在洛杉矶的高中生中，研究比较了222名学生开始抽烟的状况使用过电子烟，但没有其余烟草制品，2308人既没有吸过电子烟也没有吸过其余任何东西9月初初初检查时的烟草制品等级。

最先报告从未使用过的2530名学生在第6次和第12次治疗后，对烟草进行了随访评估月。

学生们被问及一世和过去六年-每个月使用电子烟或任何其余形式的烟草1产品。

在接受检查后的头六个月内，有30人死亡。

7以前吸过电子烟的人中有%开始吸电子烟烟草制品，如香烟和雪茄只有8.1%的人从未使用过电子烟。

在接下来的六个月里，直到10月初第二级，25.2%的电子烟使用者以前使用过烟草对比之下，只有9.3%的非用户。

“固然近来几年来青少年抽烟率有所降落，但这一点这项研究证明，我们应当持续亲密关注青少年抽烟模式，”NIDA主任noradvolkow医学博士说。

“父亲母亲和青少年应当认识到这一点电子烟的危害可能与电子烟不一样一般香烟的确有上瘾的危险。

”“娱乐性的电子烟使用愈来愈多在从未抽烟的青少年中很受欢迎博士，这项研究的第一作者。

“固然我们不可以判定电子烟的使用直接致使对于抽烟，这项研究惹起了人们的关注年青人电子烟使用量的增添最后可能致使抽烟有关疾病的流传。

”2【参照答案】一项新的研究表示，初期接触电子烟可能青少年抽烟的诱因（一）比较使用电子烟的学生之间的烟草使用启动经验和那些非用户已经作出，结果结果表示，中国的抽烟偏向明显增添前者。

跟着电子烟的流行，是的值得关注的是青少年的抽烟模式和行为考虑到电子香烟第二章：读下边的短文，写一个大概60字的总结。

2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧专题（十一）概要写作+概写综合训练高考英语综合写作题型除了读后续写外, 另一种便是概要写作。

概要写作也是综合写作任务的一种常见形式, 被广泛应用于教学和评估活动中。

概要写作的目的不仅是要重述原文的主旨要义, 还要在不改变原文意思的前提下变换词汇和句子结构, 也就是要使用自己的语言写概要。

一．概要写作的考纲说明和题型介绍1.了解考纲说明根据教育部考试中心的相关说明, 概要写作中, 提供给考生一篇350以内的短文, 要求其基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

2.明白试题选材的特点提供给考生阅读的短文词数在350以内；所选材料体裁虽然没有限制, 但是多以说明文、议论文为主, 偶尔也会有记叙文或夹叙夹议的阅读材料。

考试说明所给的样题是一篇科普知识类的文章, 句子结构复杂, 难度较大。

3.熟知概要写作的评分标准（一）概要写作考查要求：（1）对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；（2）应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；（3）上下文的连贯性；（4）对各要点表达的独立性情况。

总之, 概要应具有独立性和自明性, 拥有与文章等量的主要信息, 即不阅读全文, 就能获得必要的信息；其次概要不容赘言, 故需逐字推敲；最后概要内容必须完整、一目了然。

（二）概要写作高考评分标准:注意：理解准确, 涵盖全部要求, 完全使用自己的语言, 避免抄原句, 准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇, 得分相应比较高。

相反, 如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象, 得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。

1.概要写作的能力要求和特点1.把握读后续写的能力要求和读后续写一样, 概要写作是一种读写结合任务, 也体现了读与写的融合。

但相比其它形式的读写结合任务, 概要写作更偏重对考生阅读理解和思维能力的考查, 要求考生具有分析、综合、概括和建构等高阶思维能力。

这些能力是考生进入高校继续学习的必备基础, 所以考生在平时写作训练中, 要有意识地培养这些高阶思维能力, 对概要写作有很大帮助。

概要写作句子提炼练习-高二英语作文词性转换法All members should be equally treated .All members should receive _________treatment .2. The book is a reflection of Chinese society in the 1930s .The book ____Chinese society in the 1930s .3. We found it difficult to solve this complicated problem.We found ____in solving this complicated peoblem .4. What he said left a deep impression on me .His words deeply _____on me .5. School buses are safe for environment.School buses are __________safe .句式变换法1.He joined the club two years ago (改变时态）He has __________the member of the club for two years .2. Parents should give children more praise .(改变语态）Children should be ____________more praise .3. It is difficult and I can’t finish it .(不定式）I find it difficult __________it .4. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her .(过去分词作状语）________by many students ,she walked out of the lab .5. When you arrive ,you can send me e-mail .(现在分词作状语）On__________, you can send me an e-mail .6. Mr Smith is our boss ,he will leave for Japan next week .(定语从句）Me Smith ,_____________is our boss, will…..7. I won’t believe what he says . (状语从句）_______________he says ,I won’t believe .8. It was a cold day . There was nobody on the street .(状语从句）It was _____a cold day ____there was nobody on the street .9. To his surprise ,the little girl knows so many things .(名词性从句）________surprises him is ____the little girl knows so many things .10. He didn’t turn up and everyone felt disappointed .(名词性从句）The fact ____he didn’t turn up made everyone feel disappointed .11. Though I am week ,I will make the effort .（倒装句）____ as I am ,I will make an effort .12. I can feel proud of myself only in this way .(倒装句）Only in this way _________________________.13. He advised us to eat out for a change this weekend .(虚拟语气）He suggested _____we _______out for a change this weekend .14. The ship didn’t sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain .（虚拟语气）But for the efforts of the captain ,the ship ________________________with all on board .15. I didn’t realize how much time I had wasted until I began to work .(强调句it was +…+that ….）____________________________________________________________________正话反说1. I totally agree.I could not agree more2 . Jogging is the best way to exercise .There is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise.3 . I am eager to read the book .I can not wait ________________________.4. Health is the most valuable thing .Nothing is __________________________than health .反话正说1 . Without advertising ,it will be very difficult for customers to judge the worthiness of a product . With advertising ,it will be very easy for customers ___________________________.单句衔接训练1）for a long time in history , people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill .2）France believed that dirt protected people from getting ill ._____________________________________________________________________2) You can eat slowly with the help of timetable .You can eat slowly with the help of music_____________________________________________________________________3) If you believe that willpower is limitless ,you will be more powerful .Believing that willpower is limitless is a potential help to resist temptation ._________________________________________________________________4)EQ can be improved at any age .EQ is different from IQ._______________________________________________________________5) People have different definitions of success because of different capabilities in nature .The surroundings people live will influence their definitions of success._____________________________________________________________________ The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the US and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends. they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA). Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.These school buses meet more of the nation’s motor vehicle safety standards than any othervehicles on the road. , several new technologies available today are making school buses even safety, such as video cameras on the inside and outside, stop arm cameras, GPS tracking and collision lessening systems. Another safety tool on school buses is high seat backs，closely-spaced seats and energy-absorbing seating.The bus is only as safe as the professional men and women who drive them.School buses are safe for the environment.Todd Monteferrario, President of the National School Transportation Association, said parents should remember that the safest and smartest choice is to put their children on the big yellow bus when they can.The poaching, or illegal killing, of rhinos(犀牛) in South Africa is growing worse each year. The government recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2014, a year which had more rhino killings in South Africa than ever before．The World Wildlife Fund, or WWF, says about 20,000 rhinos live in South Africa. That is more than 80 percent of the rhinos in the world. Edna Molewa，South Africa’s environmental issues minister, says, “During 2014, we are sad to say this: 1,215 rhinos were killed. This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1004 in 2013 and indeed very worrying.”The animals are hunted for their horns(犀牛角)．Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power, which drives poachers, at all costs, mad for more horns. But there is no scientific evidence for this belief. The horn is made of keratin. That is the same thing as human hair, fingernails and toenails．Ms. Molewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year, an increase from the year before. But rhino protection workers say poachers often go unpunished after arrest.South Africa’s legal system is ineffective．Ms. Molewa said more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect rhinos. The efforts include moving some “Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighboring states inthe SADC region during 2014 and 200 more rhinos will be moved thisyear.” Molewa said．We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally.” Jo Shaw, the rhino program manager at the WWF, said, “we’re talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos a month. Or more than three a day.She says officials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poaching and punish them．。

专题10概要写作-新高考英语写作精讲+解题演示距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Migrant workers(2022秋·全国高三阶段练)In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is not that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. An allied(联合的)benefit is the low taxation or a complete lack of it. This increases the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating(补偿的)advantage. For example, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. In addition, many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The workis often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones. (They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents.) In any case, migrant workers accept this disadvantage along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________【答案】For two decades, migrant workers, including construction workers and technicians from South Korea and Japan, are becoming more common, particularly in the Middle East. Working there, they can earn more due to low taxation or a complete lack of it, and harvest the friendship while working with others. However, a major problem they must overcome is the temporary job.【文本导读】本文是一篇说明文。

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Yesterday Matt was sick.I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to run to Target for a few things.I had hoped to be in and out quickly.I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor.After placing my items，I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted to purchase each separately.I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me.But then I watched the young employee with this woman.I watched him help her count her change，ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag，he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items.Never once was this employee angry.He was nothing but patient and kind.As I was watching him，I saw that Eloise was too.She was standing next to the woman，watching the employee count the chang e.I realized I hadn’t been inconvenienced at all.That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught this valuable lesson by a complete stranger.When the woman was finished，the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience.I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman.When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager.I wanted her to know of the employee’s kindness and patience a nd how much it meant to me.After tracking her down and sharing the story with her，we left Target with a cart full of consumable items，but what is more，a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson.If you are ever in the Glendale Target，give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use more people like him.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：(1)谁做了什么？(2)结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。

概要写作训练出题人：何珊珊1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

（2019年浙江卷）Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________【答案】Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have invested in the work they’re involved in. (要点四)2. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Summary Writing（一）When you think of the Arctic (北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on Earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic trash, and now, CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn.”German scientists have recently found microplastics (微塑料) in Arctic snow, the Associated Press reported. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1,800 pieces of microplastic per liter of snow.How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s readily apparent (显然的) that the majority of the microplastics in the snow comes from the air.” They fall off of plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in. An even higher amount of microplastic was found in the snow around cities.The high concentrations (浓度) found in snow samples (样本) suggest microplastics, which contain rubber or chemicals used in synthetic fabrics (合成纤维), may cause significant air pollution.Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the WorldHe alth Organization. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlie r studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk, heightening the need to further assess (评估) the risks of taking them in, the study said.Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Previous research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, damaging ecosystems (生态系统) along the way. They start in our wastewater when we wash clothes with plastic fibers. The wastewater then flows into rivers and out to sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.Summary writing 概要写作：Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.【文章分析】该篇文章讲述了科学家在北极的雪中发现了微塑料，并解释了北极微塑料从何而来，以及可能造成的影响。

概要写作专项练习（一）1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

While many of us go to sleep before midnight, some teenagers choose to stay up much later. They are not driven by the burning desire to write a better essay or achieve a higher grade. Instead, they are busy playing online games. Known as young Internet addicts, they have long been a problem in China. A report released in 2016 by the China Youth Association for Network Development showed that there were over 24 million young Internet addicts among China’s youn g urban Internet users. The report also said that over 18 million youths had a tendency to develop Internet addiction.To deal with the problem of Internet addiction among teenagers, the Cyberspace Administration of China has released draft regulations which carried out a ban on online gaming. If the regulations are adopted，under-18s would be banned from playing online games between midnight and 8 am.As soon as the government’s draft law surfaced, it drew great attention from the public. Some applauded the law as a way to better protect minors (未成年人)，saying that too much overnight gaming is harmful to minors’health and believing the period between midnight and 8 am to be vital to human physical functions. However, others wondered whether it would be practical if it came into effect, as minors could just borrow their parents’IDs to register accounts to play online games. The Guangming Daily suggested that parents should help their teenagers find a balance between the cyber world and the real world. China is by no means the only one trying to fight against teenager gaming addiction. Germany introduced a regulation in 2002 in an attempt to stop minors from playing online games from 10 pm to 6 am. Meanwhile，the UK，the US and Australia have forced a rating system on computer games to make sure that teenagers cannot access “adult” content such as violence，sex or bad language.【答案】Many teenagers in China have become addicted to overnight online games. Thus，the government released a draft law to solve the long-lasting issue. Some people welcomed the law because it is beneficial to the teenagers’ health，while others doubted whether it would beeffective. Actually, many other countries have also been making laws against the youth online addiction.2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

概要写作]概要写作提炼句子练习-4.22All members ___.The book reflects ___ 1930s.___.His words deeply impressed me.___.He has been a member of the club for two years.Children should be given ___.I find it difficult to finish it.Followed by many students。

she walked out of the lab.Upon arrival。

you can send me an e-mail.6.Mr Smith。

who is our boss。

will leave for Japan next week.7.No matter what he says。

I ___.8.It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.9.What surprises him is that the little ___.10.___.11.Weak as I am。

I will make an effort.12.Only in this way can I feel proud of myself.13.___ that we eat out for a change this weekend.14.The ship would not have sunk with everyone on board if it had not been for the efforts of the captain.But for ___。

the ship would have sunk with all on board.It was only when I started working that I realized how much time I had wasted.1.I ___.2.There's nothing quite like jogging for exercise.3.I can hardly wait to read the book.4.There'___.With advertising。

高中英语概要写作实战演练❶阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要;Are you shy If you are,you are not alone.In fact,close to 50 percent of people are shy.Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives.These days,shyness is becoming more and more common.Now,scientists are trying to understand shyness.They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.Is it possible to be born shy Many scientists say yes.They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly.These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies.Interestingly,these shy babies usually have shy parents.As a result,scientists think that some shyness is genetic.Family size might cause people to be shy as well.Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children.They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters.As a result,they became shy.At the same time,children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well.Growing up alone,they often play by themselves.They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.You may also be shy because of where you were born.When scientists studied shyness in different countries,they found surprising differences.In Japan,most people said they were shy.But in Israel,only one of three people said so.What explains the difference One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure.In Japan,when people do not succeed,they feel bad about themselves.They blame themselves for their failure.In Israel,the opposite is true.Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons,such as family,teachers,friends,or bad luck.In Israel,freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported.This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.For shy people,it can be difficult to make friends,speak in class,and even get a good job.But scientists say you can get over your shyness.They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation.And don’t forget—if you are shy,you are not the only one.写作指导本文是一篇说明文;这篇文章的主题段是第一段,主要告诉人们害羞是一种普遍的现象;因此,在概括时要把文章主题段的中心词shy,common,why用自己的话概括出来;为了避免雷同,用自己的话概括时要注意同义词的转换,如原文中的why可用the reason转述;其次,还应注意不能遗漏要点,即害羞的原因,不同国家间的原因是不一样的以及专家给出的克服害羞的建议等;最后,注意词数在60词左右,恰当使用过渡词与亮点句型,以使行文连贯;6 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 12 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 18 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 24 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 30 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 36 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 42 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 48 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 54 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 60 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 66 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________72 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 78 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 84 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________❷阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要;We’ve reached a strange—some would say unusual—point.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health OrganizationWHO,more people now die from being overweight than from being underweight.It’s the good life that’s more likely to kill us these days.Worse,nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight.What’s going onWe really don’t have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public－health campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting through—up to a point.In the 1970s,Finland,for example,had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A public－health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 percent over the past three decades.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005,and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body.No wonder it ranks as the world’s most body－conscious country.We know what we should be doing to lose weight—but actually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower.Others blame good food.They say: it’s just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Some also blame their parents—their genes.But unfortunately,the parents are wronged because they’re normal in shape,or rather slim.It’s a similar story around the world,although people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see their kids shape up.Do as I say—not as I do.写作指导本文是一篇议论文;文章以论证的方式说明了优质生活导致的肥胖问题给人们的健康带来的危害,呼吁人们积极行动远离肥胖,不要再找借口;写作时应注意把握文章要点：1.优质生活成了人们健康的杀手；2.始于2001年的公众健康运动让人们意识到肥胖的危害以及在减少肥胖方面所起的作用；3.人们采取消极行动去减肥；4.人们不要再找借口,应该积极采取行动远离肥胖;写作时还应特别注意上下文的连贯和词数的要求;6 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 12 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 18 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 24 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 30 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________36 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 42 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 48 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 54 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 60 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 66 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 72 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 78 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 84 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________。

概要写作常用句式模板与练习A.如议论文的概要通常可以如此开头：The essay/passage/author highlights the importance of encouragement for students.The essay/passage/author argues in support of …, stating that …The essay/passage/author argues that we must not only value those who come firstor are the best in any field but the others whose effort push them to success.The essay/passage/author discusses the impact of email.The essay/passage/author compares friendship with the comfort of home.The essay/passage/author outlines the harmful effects of smoking.B.而记叙文的概要则可以从以下模板中选择：The passage/story is about a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher.The author tells us a story about a ________.The passage is a story about ________.According to the passage, the hero in the story ________.C.通用型模板：According to the passage, we know…This article is mainly about…The writer states that…As can be learn this passage, - - -The passage says that…In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of另外，更具体一点：(1) 记叙文概要模板a.点明写作目的类：The writer tells us…(主题)by showing us an example of…, who/which…(故事情节).b.作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth, which……c. 他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb’s experience of doing sth…..(2) 议论文概要模板The article gives the view that…should/shouldn’t…(主题).…..(补充论据).The passage highlights(强调) the importance of sth…..The author argues that…(3) 说明文概要模板a. 现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon ----(主题), which….(补充解释).b. 利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B. A…while B…The passage discusses the impact(影响)of sth. On the positive side…, but it may also….c. 研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露) tha t…The purpose of the report is to show that…课后练习Passage 1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

ReadingAdvice From GrandadDear James,It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It’s my birthday in two weeks’ time and I’ll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.This brings me to the real reasons for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways. First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your body ,you get withdrawal symptoms, I remember feeling bad-tempered and sometimes even in pain. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was addicted in all three ways ,so it was very difficult to quit. But I did finally manage.When I was young, I didn’t know much about the harmful effects of smoking. I didn’t know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. I certainly didn’t know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow. Shetold me that she wouldn’t go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasn’t enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.Love fromGrandadHow can you stop smoking?It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you. Here are a few suggestion.Prepare yourself. Decide on a day to quit. Don’t choose a day that you know is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam. Make a list of all the benefits you will get from stopping smoking. Then throw away your last packet of cigarettes.Be determined. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. Reread the list of benefits you wrote earlier.Break the habit. Instead of smoking a cigarette,do something else. Go for a walk, clean your teeth, drink some water, clean the house; in fact, do anything to keep your mind and especially your hands busy.Relax. If you start to feel nervous or stressed, do not reach for a cigarette. Try some deep breathing instead. Do some relaxation exercises every time you feel stressed.Get help if you need it. Arrange to stop smoking with a friend so you can talk about your problems, or join a stop-smoking group. If you feel desperate, you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you, like nicotine chewing gum.Keep trying. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking. If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed. Just try again. You will succeed eventually.概要写作训练（学案）Task 1:Divide the letter into three parts and find the key words of each paragraph.Part1:（）______________________________________________Part2:（）______________________________________________Part3:（）______________________________________________Task2: Sum up the main idea of each paragraph in one sentence.Para 1_____________________________________________________________________ Para2______________________________________________________________________ Para3_______________________________________________________________________ Para4_______________________________________________________________________ Para5_______________________________________________________________________ Task 3: Write a summary of the letter in less than 80 words.To persuade his grandson to quit smoking, the grandfather________ describes his healthy life and ________ shows his understanding that smoking is tough to stop. ___________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Task4: Summarize what you have learned in today’s lesson(skills for summary writing).Teaching planTeaching aims:students to summarize the main idea of each paragraph by picking out the key words and information.students to write a summary of the passage by using the skills of summary writing, like paraphrasing and integrating key points.students to understand the words and expressions: tough, addicted to, mentally, automatically, effects, abnormal.Teaching important and difficult points:1.How to summarize the letter by using the skills of summary writing(important points).2.How to summarize the main idea of para1&2(difficult points).Teaching stepsStep1:Lead-in1.Present the learning objectives of this lesson.2.Ask students how they usually begin a letter?3.Ask students if a letter is always started with the pattern “I’m writing to …”?(设计意图：像学生呈现本节课的学习目标，使学生明确学习方向，把握课堂重心，有利于学生注意力的集中、学习动机的激发。

重视类
重视类句型
1. lay great emphasis on... 2. attach great importance on... 3. put/lay/place stress on... 4. stress the importance of...
Example
Colleges are attaching too much importance to tests. Students who receive higher scores on the SAT and the ACT are considered to be more intelligent and as a result they are usually admitted to better schools.
Colleges are placing too much emphasis on tests in admitting new students.
议论类
议论类句型
1. Opinions vary greatly when it comes to... 2. Opinions on... differ/are divided. 3. There is much controversy over... 4. It is controversial whether… 5. ...has caused quite a stir among the general public. 6. ...has caused a heated discussion. 7. Different arguments arise about...
Previous studies show that mothers can help children overcome difficulties, but a recent study finds that fathers also exert a positive influence.