概要写作微技能训练之如何提炼与处理次要点

概要写作技巧
概要写作是指通过简洁、精炼的语言，概括原文的要点、主题和重点内容，并给出观点和评价的写作技巧。

一般来说，概要写作的步骤如下：
1.阅读原文：先仔细阅读原文，了解其主题、内容、重点
、观点等。

2.提取要点：从原文中提取出最重要的要点，包括主题、
论点、事实、数据等。

3.组织要点：将提取出的要点组织成一个有逻辑的结构，
注意保留原文的基本结构。

4.写作概要：根据组织好的要点，用简洁、精炼的语言写
出概要。

注意使用主动语态，避免使用过多的引用语。

5.检查概要：检查概要是否准确、简洁、流畅，并修改不
足之处。

希望以上信息能帮到你。

微技能三如何提炼关键词60词左右的概要不允许照搬含有主题和支持性信息的原句。

为了使独立表达成为可能，你必须学会提炼关键词，提取关键词主要考查学生概括思想内容，提取关键信息的能力。

说到底就是要善于提取“核心信息”，善于提炼恰当的词语来表达内容。

关键词一般是名词、动词、形容词，不会是虚词。

1．“提炼”是一个弃芜存精．．．．的过程，因此要做到精炼，也就是说提炼的结果是获取最精要的文字。

2．首先要结合主旨大意，选取与文本主旨密切相关的词语。

它们通常是名词(短语)、动词(短语)和形容词(短语)等实词。

这些实词有可能以原词、代词、同义词、近义词或反义词的形式重复出现，但提炼时不能重复关键词。

3．提取关键词时，必须注意句子间的关系。

不要在表达相同或相近含义的句子里重复提取关键词，如议论文的段落中常有主题句和结论句，结论句通常用不同的表达方式重申主题句的含义，因此没必要在结论句中再次提取关键词。

4．就主从复合句而言，关键词通常在主句部分，而非从句部分，但含有宾语从句的主从复合句例外，关键词应在宾语从句部分。

【典例示范】1．画出该段的主题句。

2．根据主题句，画出关键词。

【即时演练】画出本文的主题句和关键词。

Human beings are smart.However, it seems that people are gradually losing their smartness as smartphones become more and more important assistants in their lives, reported news website Record Japan on Oct.22.As we rely too much on technology instead of our brains, many people have lost three basic abilities, said the website. The first skill many people have lost is remembering phone numbers.Because phone numbers are stored in smartphone contacts, there is no need to dial a number or look at it again.And people may also have lost their sense of direction because navigation apps can guide people anywhere they want to go.These apps can even find shortest routes for you and avoid traffic jams.But the worst lost skills may be social ones，meaning that some people are becoming socially inept(无能的)．People often bury themselves in their smart－phones.As we are too addicted to what’s happening in the virtual world，some of us have lost conversational skills and sometimes can’t even tell whether a person is happy or not.Luckily, people still have a chance to get these abilities back.You should try to keep your parents’ number in mind for emergencies.You should also pay more attention to street signs and stores, which will help you to draw a mind map and prevent you from getting lost.And the easiest solution to social skill loss is to take a break from electronic devices because we are social creatures.We need device－free time.答案主题句：However, it seems that people are gradually losing their smartness as smartphones become more and more important assistants in their lives.关键词：lost three basic abilities，remembering phone numbers，have a chance to get these abilities back，device－free time.。

英语概要写作的“微技能”操作策略探析作者：彭国玉来源：《中学课程辅导·教学研究》2020年第18期摘要：概要写作是浙江省新高考英语学科的一种新题型。

它侧重考查的是学生对语言材料进行吸收、存储、内化整理和表达的综合运用能力。

本文结合笔者的公开课案例和多年摸索经验，详细探讨了提高概要写作质量的五个“微技能”运用策略，即主题思想的精练概括；冗余成分的有机剔除；同义结构的合理替换；常见句式的优化升级；衔接连贯词的巧妙镶嵌，以就教于方家。

关键词：概要写作；微技能；案例分析中图分类号：G632.0文献标识码：A文章编号：1992-7711（2020）09-0080从2016年开始概要写作被纳入浙江省英语高考中，并将面向全国范围内推广。

但是，过去两年的新高考一直都是考查学生“读后续写”的能力，终于在最新一次的高考即2018年11月3日的浙江省英语高考中隆重上演了“概要写作”的首秀。

作为一种控制性比较强的新型作文考查形式，概要写作必须对原文本内容进行“先浓缩——再加工”，最后以全新的语言形式输出。

这个语言材料“华丽变身”的过程就是学生“吸收存储、内化整理和创新表达”的过程。

应创造性地把“读”和“写”结合起来，以此避免以前作文的拼凑和句式模板的套用。

为了更好地完成“阅读（理解）+写作（产出）”的这种复合型任务，阅读层面学生需要具备理解原文、抓取关键词、区分主要信息和次要信息，从而获取主要观点或事实的能力；写作层面，学生需要具备用简洁、连贯的语言还原文本中心思想的表达能力。

所以，一篇好的概要应满足四个特征：客观、完整、简洁、连贯。

一、概要写作的定义和微技能的分类《牛津高阶英语词典》对概要写作的描述是：“A summa ry is a brief statement that gives only the main points of something not the details.”对此我们可以理解为：“概要写作要求学生整体掌握文本，合理浓缩地表达原文每一段的主旨大意，并合理添加连词来形成一篇语义连贯的短文。

作文如何提炼中心作文是一种常见的文学形式，通过文字表达作者的思想、感情和观点。

在写作过程中，提炼中心是至关重要的一步，它是作文的灵魂所在。

本文将介绍如何提炼中心，并提供一些实用的方法和技巧。

一、理解中心的重要性中心是作文的核心思想，也是作文内容的主线和焦点。

一个好的中心能够使作文更加有力地表达作者的意图，引导读者的思考，增强作文的可读性和说服力。

因此，在写作之前，我们需要明确作文的中心，并围绕它展开论述。

二、梳理文章内容在提炼中心之前，首先需要梳理文章的内容。

通过理解文章主题、主要观点和论据，可以更好地把握文章的核心思想。

对于叙事类作文，可以通过整理故事情节和主要事件来找出中心；对于议论文，可以通过总结观点和论证来确定中心。

三、审视文章结构作文中的中心通常体现在文章的结构中。

通过审视文章的开头、主体和结尾，我们可以找出线索并提炼中心。

开头通常会提出话题或引入文章背景，主体部分则展开论述并展示观点，结尾部分一般会归纳总结或给出建议。

在这些部分中，作者会通过运用不同的修辞手法和句式结构来凸显中心。

四、寻找关键词和关联词关键词和关联词是作文中的信息线索，也是提炼中心的重要依据。

通过寻找关键词和关联词，我们可以直接抓住文章的重点和核心思想。

关键词常常体现在文中的关键句或关键段落中，它们具有高度概括和代表性；关联词则用于引导读者从一个观点或论点过渡到另一个观点或论点，使文章结构紧密有序。

五、突出中心思想为了突出中心思想，有几种常用的写作技巧可以借鉴。

首先，可以通过不同的句式结构和修辞手法来强调中心思想，例如排比、反问、象征等；其次，可以适当运用插入语、并列句等手段，将中心思想嵌入到句子中，使之更加生动和突出；还可以通过例证、数据、比喻等方式来论证和解释中心思想，增加说服力和可信度。

六、修改和完善提炼中心是一个渐进的过程，在初稿中可能存在一些模糊或不够准确的表述。

因此，及时修改和完善作文是必要的。

在修改的过程中，要关注中心是否明确、准确，是否贴合主题，是否语言优美流畅。

渗透读写微技能提高概要写作训练效果作者：宋卓呈来源：《中学生英语·教师版》2017年第06期概要写作是指用简短的语句概括一段文本主要内容的写作方式，概要写作的特点为篇幅简短、概括性强、无主观描述的文字、无超主文本内容的诠释。

英语教师可以通过引导学生阅读英语文本，学习概要写作的方法提高英语写作的水平。

1.微技能一：培养学生解构文本。

概括大意的能力部分学生写英语作文的时候.容易犯下一个错误，即在写作前没有打好英语写作的框架，以至于写出来的英语作品无主次之分、无层次之分，这样的英语作文不是合格的英语作文，这样的英语文本没有语言艺术价值。

为了提高学生的写作水平，英语教师可以应用引导学生练习概要写作的方法帮助学生学会解构文本，了解英语文本的框架结构。

学生只有学会搭建英语文本的框架结构，写出来的英语作文才有主次之分、才有层次之分。

比如有一名英语教师在引导学生阅读一篇关于食品安全问题的英语材料时，英语教师引导学生学会用这样的方法写英语概要作文。

首先，英语教师要求学生用一句话的方式总结整篇英语材料所写的内容。

其次，教师要求学生分类概括英语文本表达的意思，分类概括的目标为全方位的说明作者要描述的意思，最后，学生必须用简短的语句说明作者文章要描述的重点，即概括出文本的核心思想。

有一名学生经过教师的引导，用这样的话提炼出文章的意思：“The studyin this article investigates food scandals and the role of government in corporate social responsibility（CSR）in the food industry.The author also explores strategies forthe Chinese government to tackle the food safety prob-lems in China.”。

概要写作微技能——找要点Read for the gistI.议论文As is known to all, sports stars earn large amounts of money every year. LeBron James, the famous American basketball star, for example, earns an income of more than20 million dollars a year. Some people hold the view that these stars do not deserve thehigh pay that they are getting. Some even say that sports stars do nothing to society apart from entertaining people. Their contributions(贡献）to society are much less than those made by doctors, firemen, scientists, professors, etc. But I can never agree with that.2）说明文Scientists find that the hard-working people live longer than average men and women.Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidences show that the jobless are in poorer health than job-holders. An research shows that whenever the unemployment rate increases by 1%，the death rate increases correspondingly (相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point：work is helpful to health.3）记叙文On a recent Sunday, I was buying groceries in a supermarket when I heard the sound ofa car accident. It was close but not very close, so I continued shopping. As I took a rightturn on Munadhama Street, I saw a man lying on the ground in a smallpool of blood. He wasn’t de ad. The idea of stopping to help or to take him to a hospital crossed my mind, but I didn’t dare. Cars passed without stopping. Pedestrians and shop owners kept doing what they were doing, pretending nothing had happened.II.寻找主题句1.主题句在段首1)People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless theyhave had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.2)In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block outdisease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the1skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of English in 1546.若主题句过长，要尽量省略细节、从句，削减事例2.主题句在段尾Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.3.主题句在中间1)Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are sohelpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.2)No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However,according to a widely accepte d theory, the universe began with a“Big Bang”that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.关注信号词（signal words）： but, however, sadly, in fact，so, as a result等4.主题句是设问+回答，若过长，需要找出主要点和次要点While sports are for fun, it does not mean that they are not important to people’s life. Why do so many people go to see football matches and NBA games？It is because they enjoy the games, and they are willing to pay to watch the performances. Because of the sports stars, our life becomes more exciting. Some sports stars get honor for their country, and their countrymen are proud of them. They do good to the people's mental health.要点： So many people watch the games because the sports stars make our life exciting and do good to people’s mental health.5.没有明显的主题句，需要自己概括大意：1) A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely, “Woof, woof, woof!” the cat was so frightened that it ran for it's life. Mother mouse turned to her babies and said, “Now, do you understand the value of a second language?”要点：It’s important to learn a foreign language.2)For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. Whatit was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.要点：The earth came into being with atmosphere and water on its surfaces.找关键词：关注被重复的词6.III.关注信号词2概要写作微技能——找要点Read for the gistI.确定文本体裁1）___________________As is known to all, sports stars earn large amounts of money every year. LeBron James, the famous American basketball star, for example, earns an income of more than20 million dollars a year. Some people hold the view that these stars do not deserve thehigh pay that they are getting. Some even say that sports stars do nothing to society apart from entertaining people. Their contributions(贡献）to society are much less than those made by doctors, firemen, scientists, professors, etc. But I can never agree with that.2）___________________Scientists find that the hard-working people live longer than average men and women.Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidences show that the jobless are in poorer health than job-holders. An research shows that whenever the unemployment rate increases by 1%，the death rate increases correspondingly (相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point：work is helpful to health.3）____________________3On a recent Sunday, I was buying groceries in a supermarket when I heard the sound ofa car accident. It was close but not very close, so I continued shopping. As I took a rightturn on Munadhama Street, I saw a man lying on the ground in a smallpool of blood. He wasn’t dead. The idea of stopping to help or to take him to a hospital crossed my mind, but I didn’t dare. Cars passed without stopping. Pedestrians and shop owners kept doing what they were doing, pretending nothing had happened.II.寻找主题句（划线）1.主题句在_______________1)People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless theyhave had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.2)In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block outdisease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of English in 1546.若主题句过长，要尽量省略_________________________，削减_________________ 2.主题句在________________Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.3.主题句在________________1)Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are sohelpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.2)No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However,according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a“Big Bang”t hat threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.4关注信号词（signal words）：_________________________________________________ 4.主题句是_____________________________，若过长，需要找出主要点和次要点While sports are for f un, it does not mean that they are not important to people’s life. Why do so many people go to see football matches and NBA games？ It is because they enjoy the games, and they are willing to pay to watch the performances. Because of the sports stars, our life becomes more exciting. Some sports stars get honor for their country, and their countrymen are proud of them. They do good to the people's mental health.要点：____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ____5.没有明显的主题句，需要自己概括大意：1) A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely, “Woof, woof, woof!” the cat was so frightened that it ran for it's life. Mother mouse turned to her babies and said, “Now, do you understand the value of a second language?”要点：__________________________________________________________________ 2)For several billion years afte r the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. Whatit was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.要点：__________________________________________________________________ 找关键词：____________________________概要写作微技能——换说Restate the author’s idea5I.总原则：字数不超过原句，不改变原文的逻辑，充分考虑语句压缩II.方法1.转化1）使用近义词或反义词e.g.1 To research whether such a “sixth sense”really exists, Robert Baker performed twoexperiments.research→study; whether→if; performed→madee.g.2 Zhou Yang will never forget his firstassignment as a journalist.never forget→remember; assignment→task;journalist→reporter2）短语变单词e.g. Cleaning away dirt is good to health.cleaning away→Removing; is good to→benefits 3）从句变短语（介词短语、状语从句变非谓语、定语从句变后置定语）e.g.1. If the interviewee agrees, you can use arecorder to get the facts straight.With the interviewee’s agreement, a recordercould be used.6e.g. 2. The skin is a necessary organ, which canserve as a barrier against outside dangers.The skin is a necessary organ as a barrieragainst outside dangers.4）用广义词（generalwords）代替具体词（specific words）e.g. She brought home several Chinese andEnglish novels, a few copies of Time andNewsweek, and some textbooks.She brought home a lot of books and magazines. 5）直接引语的主要信息变间接引语e.g. The boss said to him, “ Till you’re moreexperienced you can cover a story.”The boss said that with more experience he couldcover news.6）主动句和被动句互换e.g. Robert Baker, a psychologist at theUniversity of Kentucky, performed twoexperiments.Two experiments were carried out by apsychologist.77）特殊句式（强调句、倒装句、therebe）和正常语序句式的转化e.g.1. Only if you ask many different questionswill you acquire all the information.You will obtain all the information if variousquestions are asked.e.g.2 …such a “six sense” really exists.…there is really a “six sense”.8）基本句型灵活转换Dirt on the skin was a means to block outdisease. (S+V+P)Dirt on the skin could protect people fromgetting ill. (S+V+O)2.合并（用从句、分词或with结构）e.g.1 She was attracted by the beauty of nature. Shedecided to spend another two days on the farm.Attracted by the beauty of nature, she decided to spend another two days on the farm.e.g.2 I have tons of homework to do every day. Ihardly have any time to hang out with friends.With tons of homework to do, I hardly have any time to hang out with friends.83.连接：用衔接词把几个简单句合并成一个并列句或复合句（连接词优先考虑最短连接词，如first就比in the first place要好）e.g. We shoul dn’t be threatened, but challenged. Theirpresence is going to be a great blessing for society.Their presence is not a threat but a challenge as well asa great blessing for society.III.练习（将以上方法综合运用）1.There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.People have changing opinions toward dirt over time.或people’s viewpoints towards dirt are changing.2.Ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer studies oceancurrents in a special way.Curtis Ebbesmeyer, an ocean expert, uses a uniqueway to study ocean currents.3.Most stars are skilled in their own field not onlybecause of their talents but also because of their hardtraining.They are the best in their fields thanks to their talentsand hard training.94.This kind of addictive behavior can lead to largefinancial problems, family conflict, and deep unhappiness.This kind of addictive behavior can lead to severe consequences.5.The concept that all processed foods are unhealthy isfar from accurate.The concept that all processed foods are unhealthy is wrong/not correct/incorrect.或It is wrong to think all processed foods are unhealthy.6.e.g. Because of the sports stars, our life becomes moreexciting. They contribute to the spiritual well-being of their people.Sports stars’ performance bring people excitement and spiritual well-being.7.When you spend time with people who constantlycomplain, you are likely to view things in a negative lights.Being exposed to constant complainers will make you one of them.10或Exposure to regular complainers will probablyaffect your own point of view.或Contact with constant complainers tend to make youview things negative.8.Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain,and Yellow Mountain, were visited by only a fewpeople in the past. Today, better wages, holidays withpay, new hotels on those mountains and better rain andbus services, have brought them within reach to manywho never thought of visiting them ten years ago.Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited byonly a few people, are today accessible to many,thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels andbetter transportation.IV.换说常用词1.同义替换词difficult/demanding/challengingmany/ a large number of/ plenty of/ a good many/ many a …abundant/ plentiful/ amplebad/ negativegood/ excellent/ outstanding/ remarkablebig/giant/ vast/ large/ huge/ massive/ enormous/ tremendoussad/ depressed/ frustrateddifferent/ various/ a variety of/ diverseinteresting/ amusing/ funny/ entertainingbrave/ bold/ fearless/ courageousrich/ wealthy11poor/ needy2.连接词概要写作微技能——换说Restate the author’s idea12V.总原则：字数不超过原句，不改变原文的逻辑，充分考虑语句压缩VI.方法4.转化9）使用近义词或反义词e.g.1 To research whether such a “sixth sense”really exists, Robert Baker performed twoexperiments.research→study; whether→if; performed→madee.g.2 Zhou Yang will never forget his firstassignment as a journalist.never forget→remember; assignment→task;journalist→reporter10）短语变单词e.g. Cleaning away dirt is good to health.cleaning away→Removing; is good to→benefits 11）从句变短语（介词短语、状语从句变非谓语、定语从句变后置定语）e.g.1. If the interviewee agrees, you can use arecorder to get the facts straight.With the interviewee’s agreement, a recordercould be used.13e.g. 2. The skin is a necessary organ, which canserve as a barrier against outside dangers.The skin is a necessary organ as a barrieragainst outside dangers.12）用广义词（generalwords）代替具体词（specific words）e.g. She brought home several Chinese andEnglish novels, a few copies of Time andNewsweek, and some textbooks.She brought home a lot of books and magazines. 13）直接引语的主要信息变间接引语e.g. The boss said to him, “ Till you’re moreexperienced you can cover a story.”The boss said that with more experience he couldcover news.14）主动句和被动句互换e.g. Robert Baker, a psychologist at theUniversity of Kentucky, performed twoexperiments.Two experiments were carried out by apsychologist.1415）特殊句式（强调句、倒装句、therebe）和正常语序句式的转化e.g.1. Only if you ask many different questionswill you acquire all the information.You will obtain all the information if variousquestions are asked.e.g.2 …such a “six sense” really exists.…there is really a “six sense”.16）基本句型灵活转换Dirt on the skin was a means to block outdisease. (S+V+P)Dirt on the skin could protect people fromgetting ill. (S+V+O)5.合并（用从句、分词或with结构）e.g.1 She was attracted by the beauty of nature. Shedecided to spend another two days on the farm.Attracted by the beauty of nature, she decided to spend another two days on the farm.e.g.2 I have tons of homework to do every day. Ihardly have any time to hang out with friends.With tons of homework to do, I hardly have any time to hang out with friends.156.连接：用衔接词把几个简单句合并成一个并列句或复合句（连接词优先考虑最短连接词，如first就比in the first place要好）e.g. We shouldn’t be threatened, but challenged. Theirpresence is going to be a great blessing for society.Their presence is not a threat but a challenge as well asa great blessing for society.VII.练习（将以上方法综合运用）9.There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.People have changing opinions toward dirt over time.或people’s viewpoints towards dirt are changing.10.Ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer studies oceancurrents in a special way.Curtis Ebbesmeyer, an ocean expert, uses a uniqueway to study ocean currents.11.Most stars are skilled in their own field not onlybecause of their talents but also because of their hardtraining.They are the best in their fields thanks to their talentsand hard training.1612.This kind of addictive behavior can lead to largefinancial problems, family conflict, and deep unhappiness.This kind of addictive behavior can lead to severe consequences.13.The concept that all processed foods are unhealthyis far from accurate.The concept that all processed foods are unhealthy is wrong/not correct/incorrect.或It is wrong to think all processed foods are unhealthy.14. e.g. Because of the sports stars, our life becomesmore exciting. They contribute to the spiritual well-being of their people.Sports stars’ performance bring people excitement and spiritual well-being.15.When you spend time with people who constantlycomplain, you are likely to view things in a negative lights.Being exposed to constant complainers will make you one of them.17或Exposure to regular complainers will probablyaffect your own point of view.或Contact with constant complainers tend to make youview things negative.16.Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, LushanMountain, and Yellow Mountain, were visited by onlya few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidayswith pay, new hotels on those mountains and betterrain and bus services, have brought them within reachto many who never thought of visiting them ten yearsago.Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited byonly a few people, are today accessible to many,thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels andbetter transportation.VIII.换说常用词3.同义替换词difficult/demanding/challengingmany/ a large number of/ plenty of/ a good many/ many a …abundant/ plentiful/ amplebad/ negativegood/ excellent/ outstanding/ remarkablebig/giant/ vast/ large/ huge/ massive/ enormous/ tremendoussad/ depressed/ frustrateddifferent/ various/ a variety of/ diverseinteresting/ amusing/ funny/ entertaining18brave/ bold/ fearless/ courageousrich/ wealthypoor/ needy4.连接词1920。

文章重点提炼的实用技巧在我们日常的阅读和学习中，经常需要从大量的文字中提炼出关键的信息和重点。

这不仅能够帮助我们提高阅读效率，还能让我们更好地理解和记忆所读的内容。

那么，如何才能有效地提炼文章的重点呢？下面就为大家分享一些实用的技巧。

一、先浏览整体，把握文章结构在开始仔细阅读之前，先快速浏览文章的标题、目录、段落开头和结尾等部分。

这样可以对文章的主题、大致内容和结构有一个初步的了解。

比如，如果是一篇议论文，通常会在开头提出论点，中间通过论据进行论证，结尾得出结论。

了解了这种结构，就能更有针对性地去寻找重点。

二、明确文章类型不同类型的文章，重点的呈现方式也有所不同。

例如，记叙文的重点可能在于事件的经过和结果，以及其中所表达的情感或启示；说明文的重点往往是事物的特征、性质、用途等；议论文则着重于论点的阐述和论证的过程。

三、关注关键语句1、段落的开头和结尾很多时候，段落的开头会提出观点或主题句，结尾会进行总结或强调。

所以，这两个位置的语句值得特别关注。

2、转折词和连接词像“但是”“然而”“不过”等转折词后面的内容，往往是作者想要强调的重点。

而“因此”“所以”“综上所述”等连接词后面的语句，通常是总结性的观点。

3、重复出现的词语和概念如果某些词语或概念在文章中多次出现，那么它们很可能是关键信息。

四、学会做标记在阅读过程中，可以使用铅笔或者荧光笔对重点内容进行标记。

比如，圈出关键词、划出重要的句子或者在旁边做简单的批注。

这样在回顾的时候能够快速找到重点，也有助于加深记忆。

五、概括段落大意读完每个段落之后，试着用自己的话概括一下段落的主要内容。

这有助于理解和梳理文章的逻辑，同时也能更清晰地发现重点。

六、提炼核心观点对于整篇文章，要能够提炼出作者想要表达的核心观点。

这可能需要综合各个段落的重点内容，思考它们之间的联系，从而得出一个总体的结论。

七、排除无关信息有些文章可能会包含一些背景介绍、例子、解释说明等内容，虽然它们也有一定的作用，但并不是重点。

转述微技能在高中英语概要写作中的应用
微技能是一种良好的学习策略，适用于高中英语概要写作。

在概要写作中，学生需要指出文章的主要观点和重要细节，这需要掌握一定的技能和技巧。

微技能的应用可以使学生更加有效地完成概要写作任务，并且提高他们的写作质量。

首先是“简化”技能。

在概要写作中，学生需要把文章的主要意思和细节表达出来。

简化技能包括理解文章内容的关键要素，删除次要信息，以及使用简洁的语言表达主要观点。

学生需要通过阅读和理解文章来确定主题，并去除不必要的信息，然后使用简明扼要的语言来概括并表达文章的要点。

其次是“寻找关键句”技能。

文章中有些句子具有较强的表述能力，它们可以帮助读者更好地理解文章。

在概要写作中，学生需要找到这些句子，并将它们用于总结文章的主题。

学生需要仔细阅读文章，确保他们能够捕捉到这些关键句，并且在写作中巧妙地将这些句子整合在一起。

第三是“建立框架”技能。

学生需要了解文章结构，以便能够更准确地描述文章的主题和细节。

在概要写作中，学生需要建立一个框架，将文章中的信息整合在一起。

学生可以将文章分成几个部分，并为每个部分分配一个标题，然后将每个段落的关键信息填入相应的部分。

最后是“识别重点信息”技能。

在概要写作中，学生需要确定文章的重点信息，这些信息可以帮助他们总结文章的主题和概要。

学生需要仔细阅读文章，并识别出与主题最相关的信息。

然后，他们可以将这些信息整合起来，并用自己的话表达出来。