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英语专业四级考试各种题型的出题逻辑和做题方法总结英语专业四级考试 (TEM-4) 是英语专业学生必须参加的重要考试之一。
考试包括听力、阅读、写作和语法四个部分，每个部分都有不同的出题逻辑和做题方法。
1. 听力部分:听力部分是英语专业四级考试中难度最大的部分。
出题逻辑主要是围绕日常生活、学术讲座和演讲、电影音乐等主题进行。
做题方法主要包括以下几种:(1) 把握主旨：在听听力材料之前，最好先阅读题目并理解要求，以便在听听力材料时更好地把握主旨，识别重要信息。
(2) 注意细节：听力材料中容易出现细节信息，如时间、地点、人名、数字等，需要特别留意。
(3) 判断题形：听力部分的题目主要分为事实题、推断题和主旨题等不同类型，需要根据题目要求选择最适合的答案。
2. 阅读部分:阅读部分出题逻辑主要围绕社会科学、人文科学和自然科学等主题进行，难度适中。
做题方法主要包括以下几种:(1) 快速阅读：在阅读文章之前，最好先快速浏览一遍题目，以便理解文章主题和重点。
(2) 查找细节：文章中容易出现细节信息，需要仔细阅读并查找相关细节。
(3) 判断题型：阅读部分的题目主要分为摘要题、细节题、推理题和主旨题等不同类型，需要根据题目要求选择最适合的答案。
3. 写作部分:写作部分出题逻辑主要是围绕学术论文写作进行，要求考生在规定时间内完成一篇命题作文。
做题方法主要包括以下几种:(1) 审题立意：在写作之前，首先要仔细阅读题目要求，明确写作主题和要点。
(2) 构思提纲：在审题之后，应该先构思写作提纲，明确思路和要点。
(3) 规范格式：在完成写作之后，要注意规范格式，包括作文标题、段落划分、字体大小和间距等。
4. 语法部分:语法部分出题逻辑主要是围绕英语语法进行，要求考生在规定时间内完成一系列语法练习题。
做题方法主要包括以下几种:(1) 理清脉络：在做题之前，最好先理清语法脉络，明确各类语法结构的用法和特点。
(2) 对比辨析：在做题过程中，可以通过对比辨析的方式找出正确答案。
英语四级三大阅读题型解析英语四级三大阅读题型解析导语：不同的题型都有不同的答题技巧，使用恰当的答题技巧能让你在考试中用时更少，正确率更高。
一、长篇阅读【应对策略】1. 先看题目后看文章。
尽管信息匹配题在考细节，但是题干涉及的细节信息往往反映文章的主旨或段落主题，所以，通过快速浏览题干中的若干条细节信息，考生可以迅速把握文章的主旨，从而能够在回头阅读原文时加快定位速度，节省阅读时间。
2. 先易后难，步步为营。
采用由易到难的解题策略，可以提升考生的解题信心。
对于那些能迅速找出定位信息返回的句子，考生不妨先做。
而对于答题线索较少的题目，考生可留在最后再解答。
二、词汇理解【应对策略】1. 精读文章开头部分文字，尤其是第一句，确定本文主题。
文章主旨的确定对于篇章语境的整体把握意义重大。
2. 确定各单词的基本词性。
这里所说的基本词性是指该单词最常见的词性。
例如，turn一般作动词，但在动词短语at the turn of the century中，它也可以用作名词。
不过，其最常用的情况是作动词，那么我们就把其归于动词类。
如果做题时，我们发现空格处在一个介词后面，而介词后面是宾语，即介词后面应该是名词，若其它名词不能与之搭配，我们再考虑像turn这样既能用作动词又能用作名词的单词。
3. 设定词性类别：名，动，形，副，现在分词。
本次考试与历年考试一致，所涉及的`词性类别只局限于上述五类，四级考试该题型中，从未涉及指代词，介词，定冠词等虚词的填写。
4. 按照各单词的基本词性将15个单词逐一分别归类。
5. 根据基本的句法常识和逻辑意义进行填写。
填写时，注意，上下文是否合乎语法，句子内部各成分间的搭配是否逻辑，句子与句子之间是否连贯一致。
三、仔细阅读【应对策略】仔细阅读总体上可以划分为主旨类题目和细节类题目。
笔者发现，从05年开始，主旨类题目的比重大幅下降，细节题已然成为主流。
1. 一切以立足原文为基准。
2. 以文章信息为主导来选择一个原文表述一致的信息或者是同义改写的信息，以提高选项的正确率。
英语专业四级阅读理解题型分类解析专四阅读除了掌握一定的答题技巧外，我们还可以从题型特点出发，针对不同类型的考题进行备考练习。
根据考纲的要求，阅读题型可以分为六类，分别是主旨类、态度类、细节类、推理类、词汇类和指代类。
1. 主旨类主旨类题型要求考生能从整体上把握文章大意，能准确无误地理解作者的观点、论述方式和逻辑。
此类题型常见的提问形式有What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?What is this passage mainly (primarily)concerned with ?The main theme of this passage is .The main point of the passage is .It is clear from this passage that .解答此类题型，需要完整阅读全文，最好的办法是列出提纲和小标题，先在心里自己总结一下全文的主旨，再对比选项进行选择。
此类题型常见的干扰项有几种。
一种是基本观点错误，即选项表述的内容与阅读文章中的观点相左，这是比较容易判断的一类。
另一种是观点表述不全面，选项中的陈述仅选取了文章中的分论点之一进行说明，而忽略了文中其他主要内容，以偏概全，这样的干扰项因为与文章内容相似度高，观点准确，因此迷惑性较大，需要缜密地思维和谨慎地判断。
第三种干扰项是对主题的总结过于宽泛，涵盖了文章中没有涉及的内容，这一类型虽然不常见，但却是最隐蔽、最容易造成判断失误的陷阱。
2. 态度类此类题型比主旨类题型稍难，因为需要在把握全文大意的基础上，体会作者想要表达的态度。
解答此类题目，首先需要对描述态度的词汇熟悉，否则就根本无法答题。
以下是常见的态度题型选项中出现的词汇：表示赞许、支持、喜爱的positive 肯定的，实际的，积极的，确实的favorable 赞成的，有利的，赞许的，良好的approval 赞成，承认，正式批准enthusiastic 狂热的，热心的，积极的supportive 支持的，支援的defensive 为……而辩护;防守的表示否定、反对、批评的negative 否定的，消极的disapproval 不赞成objection 异议opposition 反对hostile 敌对的，有敌意的critical 批评的contemptuous 轻蔑的，侮辱的ironic 说反话的，讽刺的sarcastic 反讽的表示质疑、不解的suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的doubtful 可疑的，不确的，疑心的puzzling 使迷惑的，使莫明其妙的表示客观、中立、公平的objective 客观的neutral 中立的impartial 公平的，不偏不倚的disinterested 无私的impersonal 非个人的unprejudiced 没有偏见的unbiased 没有偏见的detached 不含个人偏见的其他reserved 有所保留的，保留意见的radical 激进的moderate 适度的，适中的mild 温和的，温柔的，轻微的，适度的indignant 愤怒的，愤慨的concerned 关注的subjective 主观的pessimistic 悲观的unconcerned / indifferent 不关心的 / 漠然的有的文章中，作者观点明确，文章基调清楚，只要抓住关键词，就可以准确无误地回答。
英语四级考试阅读题做题方法和技巧英语四级考试阅读题做题方法和技巧英语四级阅读理解部分的复习方案应当分为基础、强化、冲刺三个阶段，每个阶段都应当制定有针对性的方案。
这样才能最大化的提升复习效率。
下面由我来给大家共享英语四级阅读题做题方法和技巧，欢迎大家参阅。
英语四级阅读题做题方法和技巧一、原选择题型的篇章阅读理解新四级的认真阅读增加了文章的长度和段落数量，题型向细节性方向进展。
认真阅读要求做到“三精读一略读”。
一是精读文章首段和每段第一次消失的结论句，了解文章的主题和结构。
二是精读关键词定位的地方，请留意，细节题题干都是相应原文的变形(犹如义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案肯定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较，正确选项应当是对原文的精确改写，应当符合两点特征：形式对应和含义对应，比如原文中消失比较，那么正确选项中也应当对应消失相应形式，同时含义应当是原文的同义替换，相同的意思换了一种表达方式。
三是精读重要考点，比如：转折、比较、因果、结论或总结。
略读就是略读甚至不读其他细节性信息，由于干扰选项往往来自于这些地方，精读后反而会增加干扰选项的迷惑度，避开被迷惑信息干扰的最好方法就是不去面对诱惑。
需要留意的是与原文极其相像的选项肯定要慎选。
四级阅读考查的题型主要是细节题，另外还会涉及态度题，主旨题，推理题，结论观点题，词汇题等。
各类题型表现形式不同，考查重点各异，解题方法有别。
1、细节题1、细节题表现形式这类题在四级考试中题量较大，占到60%——70%的题量，可以说是四级考试成败的关键这类题特点是题干的信息比较详细，考查文章中的重要细节。
如2023年1月份考题：“Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to”，本题通过“free play”，“some Japanese kindergartens”反映了原文考查对象，题干内容比较详细，属于细节分析。
英语四级阅读题型分析与解题技巧英语四级阅读是大家备考四级考试中非常重要的一部分，掌握阅读题型和解题技巧能有效提高答题效率和准确性。
本文将就英语四级阅读题型进行分析，并提供一些解题技巧，帮助大家在考试中取得好成绩。
一、题型分析1. 主旨题：要求判断整篇文章主要讨论的内容或作者的观点。
一般出现在文章的开头或结尾，常可根据文章的段落标题和关键词来判定答案。
2. 细节题：要求根据文章提供的具体细节或信息来回答问题。
常见的细节题有指代题、事实细节题和数字细节题。
- 指代题：要求判断代词或名词的指代对象。
解题时需注意上下文逻辑关系和代词的单复数形式。
- 事实细节题：要求根据文章提供的具体事实进行判断。
解题时需注意细节信息的原词复现和对应关系。
- 数字细节题：要求根据文章提供的具体数字进行计算或比较。
解题时需注意数字单位的换算和对比关系。
3. 推理题：要求根据文章提供的信息进行推理和推断。
常见的推理题有推理观点题和推理目的题。
- 推理观点题：要求根据文章的隐含意思判断作者的观点。
解题时需注意文章中的修辞手法和作者的态度。
- 推理目的题：要求根据文章内容推断作者写作的目的。
解题时需注意文章的结构和语气变化。
4. 综合题：要求对多篇文章进行综合分析和判断。
常见的综合题有文章匹配题和文章排序题。
- 文章匹配题：要求根据主题或段落进行配对。
解题时需注意文章的整体结构和段落的主旨。
- 文章排序题：要求根据段落的逻辑关系进行排序。
解题时需注意段落开头和结尾的过渡词和线索词。
二、解题技巧1. 先审题后阅读：在阅读文章之前，先审题并根据题目要求有针对性地进行阅读，以节省时间和提高效率。
2. 留意关键词：在阅读过程中留意文章中的关键词，这些关键词通常能给出正确答案的线索。
3. 理解句子结构：正确理解句子的结构和语法对于解答题目非常重要。
掌握句子成分和句法关系能更好地理解文章的意思。
4. 利用排除法：对于选择题，可以利用排除法来缩小答案范围。
课件•Overview of question types andproblem solving strategies•Tips for solving detail comprehensionproblems目•The method of solving the main ideaproblem录•Strategies for solving reasoning andjudgment problems•How to deal with vocal comprehensionquestions目•Sentence fill in the blank questionanswering skills录01Overview ofquestion typesand problemsolvingstrategiesThese are the most common type of questions in CET-4 reading comprehension, requiring students toselect the best answerfrom multiple options MultipleChoiceQuestionsStudents must determine which statement is true orfalse based on the information provided inthe passage True or False Questions These questions test students' understanding of specific details or concepts by asking them to complete a sentence or paragraph with the correct information Fill in the blank Questions Students must match items from two different lists, such as matching heads with paragraphs or matching definitions with termsMatching Questions Introduction to CET-4 Reading Question TypesGeneral problem solving strategies•Skimming and Scanning: Skimming investments quickly reading the passage to get a general understanding of the main idea, while scanning investments searching for specific information or keywords•Understanding Question Types: Familiarizing yourself with the different types of questions and understanding what each type is asking for can help you approach the passage more effectively •Identifying Key Information: Learning to identify key information in the passage, such as the main idea, supporting details, and the author's purpose or title, is critical for answering questions correctly •Eliminating Incorrect Answers: Narrowing down your options by eliminating answers that are clearly incorrect can help you focus on the most likely correct answersTime management and answering sequence•Allocation Time: It is important to allocate your time willingly when taking the CET-4 reading comprehension section Determine how much time you have for each pass and question, and stick to your plan•Reading the Questions First: Sometimes it can be helpful to read the questions before reading the passage, as this can give you a better idea of what information you should be looking for •Answering Easy Questions First: If you come across a question that seems particularly difficult, it may be best to skip it and come back to it later Answering the eastern questions first can help you build confidence and momentum•Reviewing Your Answers: After you have finished answering all the questions, take a moment to review your answers and make sure that you have not missed any objective misses02Tips forsolving detailcomprehension problemsIdentify key information and vocabularyPay attention to nouns, ve…These word classes often contain important information and help tounderstand the main idea of the textLook for key phrases and presence structuresKey phrases and presence structures can provide clubs to the meaning of thetext and help to locate important information quicklyBe aware of synonyms and antonymsUnderstanding synonyms and antonyms can help to understand the meaningof words in context and avoid misunderstandingsPositioning the original text and answer areaRead the question carefull…Before looking for the answer in the text, it is important to understand whatinformation is being asked forScan the text quickly to locate relevant informationOnce the key information in the question has been identified, scan the textquickly to find the relevant sectionRead the relevant section carefully to find the answerAfter locating the relevant section of the text, read it carefully to find theanswer to the questionTechniques for identifying interference itemsEliminate objectively incorrect optionsSometimes there will be objectively incorrect options that can be identifiedimmediatelyCompare and contrast similar optionsIf there are multiple similar options, compare and contrast them to find the onethat best fits the information in the textUse determination method to arrow down choicesIf there are still several possible answers after identifying objectively incorrectoptions, use the determination method to arrow down the choices furtherExample analysis and practiceAnalyze example questions and answersLooking at example questions and answers can help understand how to apply the tips andtechniques learned in this sectionPractice with real CET-4 questionsPracticing with real CET-4 questions is essential for training confidence and improving problemsolving skillsReview and reflect on performanceAfter practicing, review your answers and reflect on your performance to identify areas forimprovement03The method ofsolving themain ideaproblemRead the title and subtitle to get a general idea of the content Skim through the articlequickly to grasp the mainpoints and structureIdentify the topic presenceof each paragraph tounderstand the main idea ofeach sectionDetermine the central idea of the articlePay attention to keywords that are repeated or emphasized in the textAnalyze the logical relationship between paragraphs to understand the connection betweenideasLook for topic senses at thebeginning or end of eachparagraphIdentify paragraph topic senses and keywordsSummarize the main idea of the article in your own words Identify the author's purposeand attitude towards thetopicAnalyze the languagefeatures and rhetoricaldevices used by the author toconvey the messageSummarize the main idea and techniques of the entire textExample analysis and practiceAnalyze sample questions and answers to understand the question typesand answering techniquesPractice solving main idea problems with different articles and questiontypesReflect on your own answers and compare them with the correct answers toidentify areas for improvement04Strategies forsolvingreasoning andjudgmentproblemsUnderstand the author's viewpoint and titleIdentify key senses and words01Look for topic senses, including senses, and words withemotional color to understand the author's viewpoint and titleAnalyze the author's argument02Examine the evidence and reasoning the author uses to supporttheir viewpoints, and identify any assumptions or biasesAdvisor the author's background03Take into account the author's expertise, experience, and anypotential conflicts of interest that may affect their viewpointInferring implied information or conclusionsRead between the linesLook for hints or clubs in the text that suggests whatthe author may be implying but not directly statingUse logical reasoningApply logical reasoning skills to draw conclusionsbased on the information provided in the textAdvisor the overall contextTake into account the larger context of the text,including the author's purpose and intendedaudience, to infer implied information or conclusionsIdentify facts andopinionsDistinguish between facts and opinions in the text, and determine which are relevant to the question at hand Evaluate evidenceand reasoningAssess the quality andeffectiveness of the evidenceand reasoning provided tosupport a specific viewpointor conclusionProvide reasonsand explanationsClearly explain why a specificanswer is correct or incorrect,and provide evidence andreasoning to support youranswerDetermine right and wrong and provide reasonsAnalyze samplequestionsExamine sample questions and answers to understand the types of reasoning and judgment problems you may account for on the CET-4 exam Identify commonmissesLook for common misses madeby students when solving thesetypes of problems, and learn howto avoid themPractice solvingproblemsPractice solving reasoning andjudgment problems using thestrategies you have learned, andseek feedback on your answers toimprove your skills010203 Example analysis and practice05How to dealwith vocalcomprehension questionsTechniques for guiding the meanings of unfriendly wordsWord formationUnderstanding word roots,prefixes, and suffixes can helpguide the meanings of unknownwordsWord associationAssociating unfriendly words withknown words or concepts can aidin comprehensionUsing examples Looking for examples orillustrations that account forunfamily words can clarify theirmeaningsUsing contextual clues to infer word meaningsReading the presence or pa…Understanding the context can provide includes to the word's meaningPaying attention to grammar and syntaxThe structure of the presence or paragraph can give hints about the meaningof unfriendly wordsConsidering the overall theme or topicUnderstanding the browser theme or topic of the text can help infer themeanings of specific words1 2 3Looking for words or phrases that have similar meanings to the unfriendly word can be aid in comprehensionSearching for synonymsA Thesaurus is a useful tool for finding synonyms and antonyms of unknown words Using a ThesaurusTrying to rephrase the presence containing the unfriendly word can help identify a suitable synonymRephrasing the presenceIdentify synonyms or synonym replacements01 02 03Analyzing sample questionsLooking at sample vocabulary comprehension questions and answers can help understand the types of questions that may be askedPracticing with real CET-4 materialsUsing authentic CET-4 reading materials for practice can help familiarize yourself with the vocabulary and question typesTimed practice sessionsSetting timed practice sessions can help improve speed and accuracy when dealing with vocal comprehension questions during the actual examExample analysis and practice06Sentence fill inthe blankquestionansweringskillsAnalyze sensitivity structure and determine the type of fill in the blankIdentify the subject, predict, andobject of the presence tounderstand its basic structureDetermine the type of fill in theblank, such as noun, verb,advisory, or advisory, based onthe presence structure andcontext Pay attention to any hints or clubs provided by the presence, such as positions, connections, or junction marksChois单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终呈现发布的良好效果，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；根据需要可酌情增减文字，以便观者可以准确理解您所传达的信息，请尽量言简意赅的阐述观点；根据需要可酌情增减文字，以便观者可以准确理解您所传达的信息。
第三节英语专业四级阅读试题题型分类及解题技巧一、大意判断题（一）大意判断题的主要题目形式不管是在阅读理解中还是在快速阅读的略读中，大意判断题的形式都是一致的，概括起来有以下几种形式：1.用idea一词对文章重要内容进行提问，要求在四个选项中确定与文章主要内容有关的一个选项。
有时在idea前面加上修饰语如general, principal, main等。
有时，这种提问方式也考察文章中具体某一段的大意。
提问形式有：1)The general idea of the passage is that _____.2)The principal idea of the article is _____.3)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?4)The general idea of the passage is about _____.2.考题中用purpose一词提问，提问的形式有：1)The main purpose of the passage is to _____.2)The main purpose of the article is to _____.3)The purpose of the passage is to discuss _____.4)The main purpose of the passage is to inform readers of _____.5)The main purpose of the letter is to _____.6)The main purpose of the pamphlet is to provide information on _____.3.考题中用topic, subject & theme一词提问，提问形式有：1)The main topic of the passage is _____.2)The main theme of the passage is _____.3)What is the main subject of the passage?此外，还有可能用discuss等动词提问，如：4)The passage mainly discusses the effects of _____.4.考题中要求给文章一个恰当的标题。
短文没有标题，要求给文章确定一个标题。
一般说来，文章的标题反映文章的大意，所以，能否正确确定短文的标题，是检验是否理解文章大意的一个重要手段。
一般的提问方式为：1)The best title for this passage is _____.2)The best title for this passage would be ____.3)The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is _____.4)What is the best title of the passage?5.以介词with & about进行提问，如：1)The passage is mainly concerned with _____.2)This passage is mostly concerned with _____.3)The passage is mainly about _____.4)The passage is mostly about _____.6.使用各种相关动词进行发问，这种形式比较隐蔽，常用的动词包括：inform, advertise, concern, suggest等。
提问方式如：1)The passage mainly concerns _____.2)The passage discusses the aim of _____.3)The passage informs you how to _____.4)The passage advertises overseas _____.5)The author mainly discusses _____.(二) 寻找主旨大意的方法（三）干扰项特征一般说来，大意判断题的干扰项有以下三点特征：一是选项所反映的是文中局部信息，欲“以篇概全”，不可取；二是选项概括范围过宽，“大帽子”不可戴；三是选项提供的是无关信息，不考虑。
（四）四级练习Passage OneHow we look and how we appear to others probably worry us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climate, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After world War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy”look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!1.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?a.Care about appearance in formal situations.b.Fashion in formal and informal situations.c.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.d.Ignoring appearance in all situations.Passage TwoPROOF AGAINST HEART ATTACKSDoes a drink a day keep heart attacks away? Over the past 20 years, numerous studies have found that moderate alcohol consumption—say, one or two beers, glasses of wine or cocktails daily—helps to prevent heart disease. Last week a report in the New England Journal of Medicine added strong new evidence in support of that theory. More important, the work provided the first solid indication of how alcohol works to protect the heart.In the study, researchers from Boston’s Brigham and women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School compared the drinking habits of 340 men and women who had suffered recent heart attacks with those of healthy people of the same age and sex. The scientists found that people who sip one to three drinks a day are about half as likely to suffer heart attacks as non-drinkers are. The apparent source of the protection: those who drank alcohol had higher blood levels of high-density lipoproteins, the so-called good cholesterol, which is known to repel heart disease.As evidence has mounted, some doctors have begun recommending a daily drink for patients of heart diseases. But most physicians are not ready to recommend a regular happy hour for everyone. The risks of teetotal ling are nothing compared with the dangers of too much alcohol, including high blood pressure, strokes, and liver troubles, not to mention violent behavior and traffic accidents. Moreover, some studies suggest that even moderate drinking may increase the incidence of breast and colon cancer. Until there is evidence that thebenefits of a daily dose of alcohol outweigh the risks, most people won’t be able to take a doctor’s prescription to the neighborhood bar or liquor store.2.The main theme of this passage is _____.a.the change in recent drinking habitsb.the connection between cancer and alcoholc.Whether moderate drinkers outlive nondrinkersd.Whether alcohol may be good for your healthPassage ThreeWith its radiant color and plantlike, the sea anemone looks more like a flower than an animal. More specifically, the sea anemone is formed quite like the flower for which it is named, with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in brilliant shades of blue, green, pink, and red. Its diameter varies from about six millimeters in some species to more than ninety centimeters in the giant varieties of Australia. Like corals, hydras, and jellyfish, sea anemones are coelenterates. They can move slowly, but more often they attach the lower part of their cylindrical bodies to rocks, shells, or wharf pilings. The upper end of the sea anemone has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal uses to capture its food. Stinging cells in the tentacles throw out tiny poison threads that paralyze other small sea animals. The tentacles then drag this prey into the sea anemone’s mouth. The food is digested in the large inner body cavity. When disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles and shortens its body so that it resembles develops a lump on a rock. Anemones may reproduce by forming eggs, dividing in half, or developing buds that grow and break off as independent animals.3.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?a.The varieties of ocean life.b.The characteristics of the sea anemone.c. A comparison of land and sea anemone.d.The defenses of coelenterates.Passage FourUltralight airplanes are a recent development in aviation that provide what aviation enthusiasts have long been seeking: an inexpensive airplane that is easy to fly. The ultralight plane was born of the marriage of the hang glider and the go-kart engine around 1974, when John Moody mounted a 12-horsepower go-kart engine on his Icarus II hang glider.Today’s ultralights are not just hang gliders with engines; they are “air recreation vehicles”. Modern ultralight planes use snowmobile engines that let them cruise at about 50 miles per hour, climb at about 500 feet per minute, and carry combined payloads of pilot and fuel up to about 200 pounds, which is about equal to an ultralight plane’s weight when empty. More than ten thousand ultralight planes were sold last year at prices ranging from $2,800 to $7,000. But the main reason for the increasing popularity of these aircraft is not that they are inexpensive, but that they are fun to fly.The modern ultralight plane would look very familiar to the earliest pioneers of aviation. Otto Lilienthal made more than 2000 flights in Germany in the 1890’s in what were actually hang gliders. Octave Chanute designed and built many early hang gliders. Augustus Herring, Chanute’s assistant, used these gliders as models for a glider that he built for himself. On this glider, Herring installed a compressed-air motor and flew 267 feet in 1898. The Wright brother’s Flyer was the grandfather of today’s ultralight plane. The pilot sat right out in the open, just as in modern ultralights, and used controls that were much the same as those used in today’s machines.Though most ultralight planes are used for pleasure flying, some are also used for crop dusting, aerial photography, and even military observation service. The likelihood is that further uses will be found for ultralight planes, but their greatest use will continue to be as air recreational vehicles.4.The best title for this passage is _____.a.The Flying Snowmobileb.The History of Recent Aviationc.How the Ultralight Plane Fliesd.The Ultralight Plane, a Recent DevelopmentPassage FiveNature’s Gigantic Snow-ploughOn January 10, 1962, an enormous piece of glacier broke away and tumbled town the side of a mountain in Peru. A mere seven minutes later, when cascading ice finally came to a stop ten miles down the mountain, it had taken the lives of 4,000 people.This disaster is one of the most devastating examples of a very common event: an avalanche of snow or ice. Because it is extremely cold at very high altitudes, snow rarely melts. It just keeps piling up higher. Glaciers are eventually created when the weight of the snow is so great that the lower layers are pressed into solid ice. But most avalanches occur long before this happens. As snow accumulates on a steep slope, it reaches a critical point at which the slightest vibration will send it sliding into the valley below.Even an avalanche of light power can be dangerous, but the Peruvian catastrophe was particularly terrible because it was caused by a heavy layer of ice. It is estimated that the ice that broke off weighted three million tons. As it crashed down the steep mountainside like a gigantic snow-plough, it swept up trees, boulders and tons of topsoil, and completely crushed and destroyed the six villages that lay in its path.At present there is no way to predict or avoid such enormous avalanches, but, luckily, they are very rare. Scientists are constantly studying the smaller, more common avalanches, to try to understand what causes them. In the future, perhaps dangerous masses of snow and ice can be found and removed before they take human lives.5.The passage is mostly about _____.a. avalanchesb. glaciersc. Perud. MountainsPassage SixDid you know that all human beings have a “comfort zone”regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.This difference applies also to the closeness, with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in crowded elevator. In Paris they take it as it comes.Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands—not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a person’s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a child’s head for affection. To many people—especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries—such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently done with the left hand (The left hand carries no special significance in the U.S.. Many Americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more.).6.The passage mainly concerns _____.a.distance and bodily contactb.body languagec.cultural differences between the East and Westd.hand signal。
