专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟418
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大学英语专业四级试题阅读理解模拟测试大学英语专业四级试题阅读理解模拟测试腰板挺得笔直的人,终究不会走在攀登者队伍的前列。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理大学英语专业四级试题阅读理解模拟测试,希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!Human beings have used tools for a very long time. In some parts of the world you can still find tools that people used more than two million years ago. They made these tools by hitting one stone against another. In this way, they broke off pieces from one of the stones. These chips of stone were usually sharp on one side. People used them for cutting meat and skin from dead animals, and also for making other tools out of wood.Human beings needed to use tools because they did not have sharp teeth like other meat eating animals, such as lions and tigers. Tools helped people to get food more easily. Working with tools also helped to develop human intelligence. The human brain grew bigger, and human beings began to invent more and more tools and machines. The stone chip was one of the first tools that people used, and perhaps it is the most important. Some scientists say that it was the key to success of mankind.?1. The stone chip is thought to be the most important tool because it ______.A. was one of the first toolsB. developed human capabilities?C. led to the invention of machinesD. was crucial to the development of mankind2. At the end of the passage the author seems to suggest that life in future is ______.A. disastrousB. unpredictableC. excitingD. colorful答案解析:1. D) 这是一道细节题。
专业英语四级(阅读理解)模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1.B.After 1945.C.During the depression of the 1930’s.D.In 1966.正确答案:B解析:细节题。
第一段The depression of the 1930’s and the war had held back marriages.and the catching—up process began after 1945.经过二十世纪三十年代的经济危机,战争使结婚率下降,1945年之后爆发了婴儿潮。
3.The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950’s______.A.the urban population decreased rapidlyB.fewer people marriedC.economic conditions were poorD.the birth rate was very high正确答案:D解析:推理题.第一段The baby boom continued through the decade of the 1950’s,producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956.50年代一直持续着婴儿潮,从1951年到1956年人口增长为15%,我们可以推断出50年代加拿大的出生率很高。
4.The author mentions all of the following as causes of declines in population growth after 1957 EXCEPT______.A.people being better educatedB.people getting married earlierC.better standards of livingD.couples buying houses正确答案:B解析:细节题。
专业四级考试阅读理解模拟练习试题As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe -sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably1 like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with store rooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense2 against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them pueblos3 , which is Spanish for town.The people of the pueblos raised what are called the three sisters - corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery4 and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.The way of life of less settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as small rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today s Inuit hunted seals, walruses5, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon6 and hunted the lordly caribou7.The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands8 between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo9. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and covering of their tents and tipis.16. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The architecture of early American Indian buildings. B. The movement of American Indians across North America. C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians. D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America.17. It can be inferred from the passage that thedwellings10 of the Hopi and Zuni were______. A. very smallB. highly advanced ?C. difficult to defend ?D. quickly constructed参考答案及解析:16. D) 根据阅读短文可知,作者主要描述了北美地区不同印第安部落的不同的生活方式。
大学英语四级模拟试卷418(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Craze for Certificates. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 现在社会上有一股证书热 2.证书热的原因 3.我对证书热的看法The Craze for Certificates正确答案:Nowadays, a craze for certificates has prevailed in our society. Students are working hard to get certificates like CET-4 and CET-6. Company staff and even some officials go back to school for the certificates to meet various needs. It seems everyone is striving for certificates. Why are certificates so important and attractive? It can be explained from two aspects. Firstly, certificate education is an indispensable supplement to curricular education. Extracurricular study for certificates help develop one’s skills for future use, most of which cannot be acquired from the regular classroom study. What’s more, the craze for certificates arises from the demand of the competitive society, where certificates play an important part in job hunting. The more certificates one has, the more job opportunities one will have In my opinion, while it is true that certificates are essential to one’s future career, it doesn’t follow that certificates mean everything. one’s ability behind certificates matters much more. It is, therefore, suggested that more emphasis should be put on the process of getting a certificate than on the purpose.解析:用词亮点:(1) 在第一段首句中,Nowadays意思为“现在”,通常用于引出现象。
英语专业四级阅读理解模拟题及参考答案Within that exclusive group of literary characters who have survived through the centuries--from Hamlet to Huckleberry Finn--few can rival the cultural impact of Sherlock Holmes.Since his first public appearance20years ago,the gentleman with the curved pipe and a taste for cocaine,the master of deductive reasoning and elaborate disguise,has left his mark everywhere--in crime literature,film and television,cartoons and comic books.At Holmes'side,of course,was his trusted friend Dr.Watson.Looming even larger,however,was another doctor,one whose medical practice was so slow it allowed him plenty of time to pursue his literary ambition.His name:Arthur Conan Doyle.As the creator of these fictional icons, Conan Doyle has himself become something of a cult figure,the object of countless critical studies,biographies and fan clubs.Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh in1859,in a respectable middle-class Catholic family.Still, it was far from an easy life.There was never enough money;they moved frequently in search of lower rents;and his father,a civil servant and illustrator was an alcoholic who had to be institutionalized.Yet the early letters he wrote to his mother are surprisingly optimistic,concerned mainly with food,clothes,allowances and schoolwork.At14came his first unforgettable visit to London,including Madame Tussaud's,where he was"delighted with the room of Horrors,and the images of the murderers."A superb student,Conan Doyle went on to medical school,where he was attracted by Dr.Joseph Bell,a professor with an uncanny ability to diagnose patients even before they opened their mouths.For a time he worked as Bell's outpatient clerk and would watch,amazed,at how the location of a callus could reveal a man's profession,or how a quick look at a skin rash told Bell that the patient had once lived in Bermuda.In1886,Conan Doyle outlined his first novel,A Study in Scarlet,which he described as"a simple tale of mystery to make a little extra money."Its main character,initially called Sherringford Hope and later called Sherlock Holmes,was based largely on Bell.But Holmes'first appearance went almost unnoticed,and the struggling doctor devoted nearly all of his spare time to writing long historical novels in the style of Sir Walter Scott—novels that he was convinced would make his reputation.It wasn't to be.In1888,Holmes reappeared in A Scandal in Bohemia,a short story in Strand Magazine.And this time,its hero took an immediate hit and Conan Doyle's life would never be the same.1.The typical features of Sherlock Holmes were all EXCEPTA.rational.B.sociable.C.intelligent.D.cunning.2.Which of the following is NOT true about Conan Doyle and his family?A.He came from a middle-class family.B.They led a hard life in Edinburgh.C.His father was addicted to drinking.D.His mother had received little education.3.How did Conan Doyle feel about his first visit to London?A.It was horrible.B.It was pleasant.C.It was awful.D.It was memorable.4.We can infer from the last paragraph thatA.the more calluses a person has,the more professional he would be.B.writers often base their writing on personal experiences.C.Conan Doyle has gone through a period of hardship on his way to success.D.inspiration was very important for a person to create something.5.Conan Doyle's short story"A Scandai in Bohemia"has proved to be__at last.A.successfulB.powerfulC.ridiculousD.frustrating参考答案与解析:1.[B]细节判断题。
最新英语专业四级考试阅读理解模拟练习题最新英语专业四级考试阅读理解模拟练习题纤夫在河边留下一串脚印,那是跋涉者生活的省略号。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理最新英语专业四级考试阅读理解模拟练习题,希望对正在关注的.您有所帮助!California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another.? People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance.?Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska ) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles.?California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried?up lake beds.?In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washingtoncombined.?1. Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States??A. Lake Tulainyo.?B. Mojave desert.?C. Death Valley.?D. The Salton Sea. ?2. Where is the highest point in the United States located??A. Lake Tahoe.?B. Sierra Nevada.?C. Mount Whitney.?D. Alaska. ?3. How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney??A. About 3 miles.?B. Only 100 miles.?C. 282 feet.?D. 14,494 feet.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield??A. The Pacific Ocean.?B. San Joaquin Valley.?C. Mojave Desert.?D. Oregon and Washington. ?5. Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrastA. The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.?B. It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance. ?C. Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.D. Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.答案及解析1. C) 这是一道细节题。
专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷180(题后含答案及解析)题型有: 5. READING COMPREHENSIONPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.(1) The Clyde whom Samuel Griffiths described as having met at the Union League Club in Chicago, was a somewhat modified version of the one who had fled from Kansas City three years before. He was now twenty, a little taller and more firmly but scarcely any more robustly built, and considerably more experienced, of course. (2) For since leaving his home and work in Kansas City and coming in contact with some rough usage in the world—humble tasks, wretched rooms, no intimates to speak of, plus the compulsion to make his own way as best he might—he had developed a kind of self-reliance and smoothness of address such as one would scarcely have credited him with three years before. There was about him now, although he was not nearly so smartly dressed as when he left Kansas City, a kind of conscious gentility (文雅) of manner which pleased, even though it did not at first arrest attention. Also, and this was considerably different from the Clyde who had crept away from Kansas City in a box car, he had much more of an air of caution and reserve. (3) For ever since he had fled from Kansas City, and by one humble device and another forced to make his way, he had been coming to the conclusion that on himself alone depended his future. His family, as he now definitely sensed, could do nothing for him. They were too impractical and too poor—his mother, father, Esta, all of them. (4) At the same time, in spite of all their difficulties, he could not now help but feel drawn to them, his mother in particular, and the old home life that had surrounded him as a boy—his brother and sisters, Esta included, since she, too, as he now saw it, had been brought no lower than he by circumstances over which she probably had no more control. And often, his thoughts and mood had gone back with a definite and disconcerting pang (一阵剧痛) because of the way in which he had treated his mother as well as the way in which his career in Kansas City had been suddenly interrupted—his loss of Hortense Briggs—a severe blow; the troubles that had come to him since; the trouble that must have come to his mother and Esta because of him. (5) On reaching St. Louis two days later after his flight, and after having been most painfully bundled out (赶,匆忙打发) into the snow a hundred miles from Kansas City in the gray of a winter morning, and at the same time relieved of his watch and overcoat by two brakemen who had found him hiding in the car, he had picked up a Kansas City paper—The Star—only to realize that his worst fear in regard to all that had occurred had come true. For there, under a two-column head, and with fully a column and a half of reading matter below, was the full story of all that hadhappened; a little girl, the eleven-year-old daughter of a well-to-do (小康的) Kansas City family, knocked down and almost instantly killed—she had died an hour later; Sparser and Miss Sipe in a hospital and under arrest at the same time, guarded by a policeman sitting in the hospital awaiting their recovery; a splendid car very seriously damaged; Sparser’s father, in the absence of the owner of the car for whom he worked, at once incensed (激怒) and made terribly unhappy by the folly and seeming criminality (犯罪行为) and recklessness of his son. (6) But what was worse, the unfortunate Sparser had already been charged with larceny (盗窃) and homicide (杀人), and wishing, no doubt, to minimize his own share in this grave catastrophe, had not only revealed the names of all who were with him in the car—the youths in particular and their hotel address—but had charged that they along with him were equally guilty, since they had urged him to make speed at the time and against his will —a claim which was true enough, as Clyde knew. And Mr. Squires, on being interviewed at the hotel, had furnished the police and the newspapers with the names of their parents and their home addresses. (7) This last was the sharpest blow of all. For there followed disturbing pictures of how their respective parents or relatives had taken it on being informed of their sins.1.What can be concluded from Para. 2 about Clyde?A.He was a dependent young man when in Kansas City.B.He is dressed better than three years ago.C.He acts quite differently from the past.D.He is more cautious and reserved than before.正确答案:A解析:推断题。
英语专业四级考试阅读理解题库题库概述本题库针对英语专业四级考试阅读理解部分,共包含10篇文章,每篇文章设有5道题目。
题目类型包括事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
本题库旨在帮助考生熟悉考试题型,提高阅读理解能力。
题库内容文章1:Passage:Questions:1. What is the main idea of the passage?B. The Internet brings both benefits and challenges.C. The Internet causes information overload and privacy issues.D. We should reduce our reliance on the Internet.2. According to the passage, what is one of the challenges brought by the Internet?B. Information overload.C. Online privacy issues.D. Entertainment addiction.3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?B. The Internet provides various forms of entertainment.C. Information overload makes it difficult to find useful information.D. The Internet has no influence on our daily life.文章2:Passage:Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. Global warming.B. Carbon emissions.C. Renewable energy.D. International cooperation.2. According to the passage, what is one of the main causes of global warming?A. Deforestation.B. Carbon emissions.C. Solar power generation.D. Wind power generation.3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Global warming is a serious problem.C. Renewable energy sources are important for achieving the goal of reducing carbon emissions.D. Solar power is the only solution to global warming.文章3:Passage:In recent years, the sharing economy has gained popularity. Services such as ride-sharing and home-sharing have made it easier for people to access goods and services on-demand. However, the sharing economy also raises concerns about regulation and safety.Questions:1. What is the main idea of the passage?B. The sharing economy brings regulation and safety concerns.C. The sharing economy is the future of business.D. Regulations should be implemented to control the sharing economy.2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. The sharing economy has no impact on the traditional economy.B. Ride-sharing services have made transportation more convenient.C. The sharing economy is only popular in developed countries.D. Safety concerns are the main reason for the regulation of the sharing economy.3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The sharing economy has gained popularity in recent years.B. Home-sharing services have made it easier to find affordable housing.C. The sharing economy raises concerns about regulation and safety.D. The sharing economy is not a threat to traditional businesses.文章4:Passage:Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including gaming, education, and healthcare. VR technology creates immersive experiences that can help solve real-world problems and improve people's lives.Questions:1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. VR technology is an emerging technology.B. VR technology has the potential to revolutionize various industries.C. VR technology is already widely used in healthcare.D. VR technology is a threat to traditional education.2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. VR technology is only used in gaming.B. VR technology creates immersive experiences.C. VR technology is only used in developed countries.D. VR technology has no real-world applications.3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. VR technology can help solve real-world problems.B. VR technology can improve people's lives.C. VR technology has the potential to revolutionize various industries.D. VR technology is only used in the gaming industry.文章5:Passage:A study conducted by researchers at Oxford University found that regular exercise can improve cognitive function in older adults. The study involved a group of participants aged 65 to 75 years old, who were assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. The exercise group engaged in moderate-intensity aerobic exercises for 30 minutes, three times a week, for a period of 12 weeks.Questions:1. What was the main objective of the study conducted by Oxford University researchers?A. To investigate the effect of regular exercise on cognitive function in older adults.B. To determine the best exercise routine for improving cognitive function.D. To identify the cause of cognitive decline in older adults.2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. The study involved participants aged 55 to 65 years old.B. The exercise group engaged in high-intensity aerobic exercises.C. The study lasted for a period of 8 weeks.D. The participants in the control group did not engage in any physical activity.3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The study was conducted by researchers at Oxford University.B. Regular exercise can improve cognitive function in older adults.C. The study involved a group of participants aged 65 to 75 years old.D. The exercise group engaged in moderate-intensity aerobic exercises for 30 minutes, three times a。
英语四级考试阅读模拟题及答案|英语四级考试阅读模拟题及答案在备考时间加强英语阅读的模拟练习,对于考好英语四级考试非常重要。
下面我为大家带来英语四级考试阅读模拟题,欢迎考生模拟阅读。
英语四级考试阅读模拟题(一)Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil,water and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world: We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farmworkers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these veryreasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs, says a wise physician, Dr Rene Dubos, yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed.练习题:Choose correct answers to the question:1.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence Manis part of nature (Para. 1, Lines 3-4)?A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental effects of pesticides?2. What is the authors attitude toward the environmental effects of pesticides?A. PessimisticB. IndifferentC. DefensiveD. Concerned3. In the authors view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides _____.A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticidesB. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deathsC. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attentionD. is unavoidable because people cant do without pesticides in farming4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemical because _____.A. limited exposure to them does little harm to peoples healthB. the present is more important for them than the futureC. the danger does not become apparent immediatelyD. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning5. It can be concluded from Dr. Dubos remarks that _____.A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal withB. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatalC. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cureD. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides英语四级考试阅读模拟题答案1.[B] 题干的句子是文章第1段第3句,这是一个带有插入语的简洁句,contrary在此表示跟part of nature相反,因此答案为B。
专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1.4 million children out of the picture altogether. Equally worryingly, the consultation insists that any new poverty measure must resonate with the public. The latest British Social Attitudes survey shows just how widespread negative views of vulnerable groups in society are, but also makes clear that much of this shift in public opinion has been caused by current and previous government policies. So, should we expect better measures of child poverty as a result of the consultation? Not better for the children growing up in low-income families for sure. And given the broader costs to society of child poverty, not better for anyone else—except, perhaps, a government that we suspect may be trying to avoid being held to account.1.What will NOT lead vulnerable families to poverty according to the first paragraph?A.Sharp decline in tax credits.B.A three-year freeze in child benefit.C.Increasing unemployment benefits.D.The adoption of RPI instead of CPI.正确答案:D解析:细节题。
专业英语四级阅读理解分类模拟418READING COMPREHENSIONSection A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Passage One(1) A few months ago I was nominated for Governor of the great State of New York, to run against Mr. John T. Smith and Mr. Blank J. Blank on an independent ticket. I somehow felt that I had one prominent advantage over these gentlemen, and that was—good character. It was easy to see by the newspapers that if ever they had known what it was to bear a good name, that time had gone by. It was plain that in these latter years they had become familiar with all manner of shameful crimes. But at the very moment that I was exalting my advantage and joying in it in secret, there was a muddy undercurrent of discomfort "riling" the deeps of my happiness—and that was the having to hear my name bandied about in familiar connection with those of such people.(2) But, after all, I could not recede. I was fully committed, and must go on with the fight. As I was looking listlessly over the papers at breakfast I came across this paragraph, and I may truly say I never was so confounded before:(3) PERJURY. —Perhaps, now that Mr. Mark Twain is before the people as a candidate for Governor, he will condescend to explain how he came to be convicted of perjury by thirty-four witnesses in Wakawak, Cochin China, in 1863, the intent of which perjury being to rob a poor native widow and her helpless family of a meager plantain-patch, their only stay and support in their bereavement and desolation. Mr. Twain owes it to himself, as well as to the great people whose suffrages he asks, to clear this matter up. Will he do it?(4) I thought I should burst with amazement! Such a cruel, heartless charge! I never had seen Cochin China! I never had heard of Wakawak! I didn't know a plantain-patch from a kangaroo! I did not know what to do. I was crazed and helpless. I let the day slip away without doing anything at all.(5) [Mem. —During the rest of the campaign this paper never referred to me in any other way thanas "the infamous perjurer Twain."](6) Next came the Gazette, with this:(7) WANTED TO KNOW. —Will the new candidate for Governor deign to explain to certain of his fellow-citizens (who are suffering to vote for him!) the little circumstance of his cabin-mates in Montana losing small valuables from time to time, until at last, these things having been invariably found on Mr. Twain's person or in his "trunk" (newspaper he rolled his traps in), they felt compelled to give him a friendly admonition for his own good, and so tarred and feathered him, and rode him on a rail; and then advised him to leave a permanent vacuum in the place he usually occupied in the camp. Will he do this?(8) Could anything be more deliberately malicious than that? For I never was in Montana in my life.(9) I After this, this journal customarily spoke of me as, "Twain, the Montana Thief."(10) I got to picking up papers apprehensively—much as one would lift a desired blanket which he had some idea might have a rattlesnake under it.(11) By this time anonymous letters were getting to be an important part of my mail matter. This form was common:(12) How about that old woman you kiked of your premises which was begging. POL. PRY.(13) Shortly the principal Republican journal "convicted" me of wholesale bribery, and the leading Democratic paper "nailed" an aggravated case of blackmailing to me.(14) [In this way I acquired two additional names: "Twain the Filthy Corruptionist" and "Twain the Loathsome Embracer."](15) There was no possible way of getting out of it, and so, in deep humiliation, I set about preparing to "answer" a mass of baseless charges and mean and wicked falsehoods. But I never finished the task, for the very next morning a paper came out with a new horror, a fresh malignity and seriously charged me with burning a lunatic asylum with all its inmates, because it obstructed the view from my house. This threw me into a sort of panic. And at last, as a due and fitting climax to the shameless persecution that party rancor had inflicted upon me, nine little toddling children, of all shades of color and degrees of raggedness, were taught to rush onto the platform at a public meeting, and clasp me around the legs and call me PA!(16) I gave up. I hauled down my colors and surrendered. I was not equal to the requirements of a Gubernatorial campaign in the State of New York, and so I sent in my withdrawal from the candidacy, and in bitterness of spirit signed it, "Truly yours," once a decent man, but now "MARK TWAIN, I. P., M.T., B. S., D.T., F.C., and L. E."(本文改编自Running For Governor)Passage Two(1) Most adults in the U. S. who screen positive for depression are not being treated for depression, according to results from Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS).(2) "With the recent increase in prescribing of antidepressant medications, many physicians might assume that undertreatment of depression is no longer a widespread problem," Dr. Mark Olfson from College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute in New York City told Reuters Health by e-mail. "This study makes clear, however, that most American adults who screen positive for depression receive no treatment for their symptoms."(3) Surveys from the early 2000s show that about half of U. S. adults with a lifetime medical history of major depressive disorder had never received treatment for depression. Still, little is known about the extent to which adults with depression in the U. S. receive depression care and the extent to which such patients are matched based on their illness severity to appropriate treatments and health care professionals.(4) Dr. Olfson and colleagues used data from the 2012 and 2013 MEPS to examine the prevalence and treatment of adults with screen-positive depression. They also assessed whether serious psychological distress was associated with more intensive treatment.(5) About 1 in 12 adults (8.4%) screened positive for depression, but the prevalence varied widely from 18% among adults in the lowest income group to 3.7% in the highest income group. Only 28.7% of those who screened positive for depression received any depression treatment during the survey year, although 78.5% of those with screen-positive depression who received no depression treatment made at least one medical visit during that time, according to the August 29th JAMA Internal Medicine online report.(6) "Some groups, such as men and adults with less education, as well as ethnic and racial minorities, were especially unlikely to receive any treatment for their depressive symptoms," Dr. Olfson said. (7) Overall, 8.1% of adults received treatment for depression, but only a minority of those had screen positive depression (29.9%) or serious psychological distress (21.8%). The most common treatments for depression were antidepressants (87.0%), followed by psychotherapy (23.2%), anxiolytics (13.5%), antipsychotics (7.0%), and mood stabilizers (5.1%).(8) Patients with more serious distress were less likely than less distressed patients to be treated with。