Unit 5 first aid reading课时作业阅读理解（共12小题；每小题2分，满分24分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AThe MacArthur Foundation late last month announced its latest crop of “genius grants”, and once again you thought maybe, just maybe, this was your year.And why not? These days, we’re all geniuses. We might be “marketing geniuses” or “cooking geniuses” or “TV geniuses”. We have so weakened “genius” that it’s fast joining the company of “natural” and “mindful”, words left inactive through overuse and misuse.Admittedly, the word is tough to nail down. Sometimes we assume genius equivalent to raw intelligence. But many of humanity’s greatest breakthroughs were achieved by those with only modest IQs.Sometimes we think of the genius as someone extremely knowledgeable, but that definition also falls short. During Albert Einstein’s time, other scientists knew more physics than Einstein did, but history doesn’t remember them. That’s because they didn’t make use of that knowledge the way Einstein did. They weren’t able to, as he put it, “regard old questions from a new angle”.The genius is not a know-it-all but a see-it-all, someone who, working with the material available to all of us, is able to make surprising and useful connections. True genius involves not merely an extra advance, but a conceptual leap. As philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer put it: Talent hits the target no one else can hit; genius hits the target no one else can see.We’ve lost sight of this truth, and too often grant the title of genius on t alented people hitting visible targets. A good example is the much-boasted announcement earlier this year that scientists had, for the first time, recorded the sound of two black holes bumping, a billion light-years away. It was a remarkable discovery, no doubt, but it did not represent a dramatic shift in how we understand the universe. It merely confirmed Einstein’s general theory of relativity.As Plato observed, “What is honored in a country is cultivated there.” What do we honor? Digital tech- nology, and the convenience it represents, so naturally we get a Steve Jobs or a Mark Zuckerberg as our “geniuses”, which, in point of fact, they aren’t.The iPhone and Facebook are wonderful inventions. In many ways, they make our lives a bit easier, a bit more convenient. If anything, though, a true genius makes our lives more difficult, more unsettled. William Shakespeare’s words provide more anxiety than relief, and the world felt a bit more secure before Charles Darwin came along. Zuckerberg and Jobs may have changed our world, but they haven’t yet changedour worldview.We need to recover genius, and a good place to start is by putting the brakes on Genius Flooding.1. The key factor that sets geniuses and talents apart is that ________.A. geniuses have a larger range of knowledgeB. geniuses have access to far more resourcesC. geniuses can see visible targetsD. geniuses approach things differently2. What can we infer from the passage?A. Charles Darwin is hardly a genius.B. More geniuses remain to be found in our life.C. We should stop the improper use of “natural” and “mindful”.D. The first recording of two black holes bumping each other is a genius breakthrough.BWhen a big boat, like a cruise ship, goes through the ocean, it often creates waves. This happens when the large engines on the back of the cruise ship cause the water on the ocean's surface move up and down violently. These waves move out from the boat in both directions. If you are captaining a smaller boat, you’d better steer cl ear of a ship’s wake, so that your boat is not surfing on the waves, causing it to overturn.A wave is a pattern of motion. When you look at a wave, it may appear as simply water moving across the surface of the ocean. In fact, this is false. The water is actually not moving in the same direction as the wave. While the wave itself — the pattern of motion — is moving across the surface of the ocean, the water is actually moving in a circular motion, which brings the water molecules back to their original position. The water merely gives the appearance of moving forward.If this is confusing, think of the kind of wave you do at a baseball stadium. Viewed from a distance, the wave is clearly moving across the stadium. But the thing that makes up the wave —the people — are not moving across the stadium, they’re just moving up and down in their seats. This is just like the water in an ocean wave. A lot of water is moving up and down, which gives water the appearance of moving along with the wave.Surfers pay a lot of attention to waves. If you're not in an area where the waves are suitable for surfing, then you can’t surf. Usually, surfers gather in areas known for big waves-waves that rise high off the ocean’s surface. If the wave is bigger, then the surfer is often able to surf for longer distances and perform more tricks. The height of a wave is known as its amplitude. If you could make a wave freeze, then you could measure the wave’s amplitude by running a tape measure from the ocean's surface to the very peak of the wave.All waves can be measured using amplitude and wavelength. While the waves created by a boat have very small amplitude — sometimes as small as a few centimeters — the wavelength can be very short, as lots of waves are being generated. By contrast, a tsunami has very high amplitude, sometimes more than 100 feet, but a relatively long wavelength, as it's a high wave.Waves generated in the same way can have great differences in amplitude and wavelength. For example, think back to the cruise ship. While each ship creates waves caused by the movement of the boat, the properties of each of the waves may be very different. For example, a larger cruise ship, with powerful engines, may create a wave that has high amplitude and a short wavelength. However, if the ship's engines slow down, they may then start creating less powerful waves at a slower rate. This would cause the waves'amplitude to decrease, but its wavelength to increase.3. What does the underlined phrase “steer clear of a cruise ship’s wake” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Keeping awake while steering a ship.B. Keeping away from the cruise ship.C. Getting a clear view of what is ahead.D. Following the cruise ship very closely.4. The author gives an example of wave people do in the stadium in order to ________.A. illustrate how excited people are in a basketball stadiumB. demonstrate how to make waves in a basketball stadiumC. explain why the water appears to move along the wavesD. clear the confusion over measuring the wave's amplitude5. The last paragraph gives us the impression that ________.A. the wave’s amplitude may vary, but its wavelength remain the sameB. measuring the amplitude and wavelength of waves is not quite easyC. the amplitude of a wave depends on the direction the water moves forwardD. the more powerful the ships'engines are, the higher the waves they generate6. What is this passage mainly about?A. Why people create waves in the stadium.B. What makes the sea water move forwardsC. How waves are created and measured.D. How to steer a cruise ship in the rough seaCA recent New York Times “House and Home” article featured the story of a man who lives in a glass house. Every wall in his home is transparent; he has no walls to hide behind, not even in the bathroom. Of course, he lives in an isolated area, so he doesn’t exactly have neighbors peering in and watching his every move. But he has chosen to live without any physical privacy in a home that allows every action to be seen. He has created his own panopticon of sorts, a place in which everything is in full view of others.The term panopticon was coined by Jeremy Bentham in the late eighteenth century when he was des- cribing an idea for how prisons should be designed. The prisoners’ cells would be placed in a circle with a guard tower in the middle. All walls facing the center of the circle would be glass. In that way, every prisoner’s cell would be in full view of the guards. The prisoners could do nothing unobserved, but the prisoners would not be able to see the guard tower. They would know they were being watched — or rather, they would know that they could be being watched — but because they could not see the observer, they would never know when the guard was actually monitoring their actions.It is common that people behave differently when they know they are being watched. We act differently when we know someone is looking; we act differently when we think someone else might be looking. In these situations, we are less likely to be ourselves; instead, we will act the way we think we should act when we are being observed by others.In our wired society, many talk of the panopticon as a metaphor for the future. But in many ways, the panopticon is already here. Surveillance cameras are everywhere, and we often don’t even know our actions are being recorded. In fact, the surveillance camera industry is enormous, and these cameras keep getting smaller and smaller to make surveillance easier and more ubiquitous. In addition, we leave a record of everything we do online; our cyber-whereabouts can be tracked and that information used for various purposes. Every time we use a credit card, make a major purchase, answer a survey, apply for a loan, or join a mailing list, our actions are observed and recorded. And most of us have no idea just how much information about us has been recorded and how much data is available to various sources. The scale of information gathering and the scale of exchanging have both expanded so rapidly in the last decade that there are now millions of electronic profiles of individuals existing in cyberspace, profiles that are bought and sold, traded, and often used for important decisions, such as whether or not to grant someone a loan. However, that information is essentially beyond our control. We can do little to stop the information gathering and exchange and can only hope to be able to control the damage if something goes wrong.Something went wrong recently for me. Someone obtained my Social Security number, address, work number and address, and a few other vital pieces of data. That person then applied for a credit account in my name. The application was approved, and I soon received a bill for nearly $5,000 worth of computer-related purchases.Fraud, of course, is a different issue, but this kind of fraud couldn’t happen — or at least, couldn’t happen with such ease and frequency — in a world of paper-based records. With so muchinformation floating about in cyberspace, and so much technology that can record and observe, our privacy has been deeply compromised.I find it truly amazing that someone would want to live in a transparent house at any time, but especially in an age when individual privacy is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain and defend（against those who argue that information must be gathered for the social good）. Or perhaps this man’s house is an attempt to call our attention to the fact that the panopticon i s already here, and that we are all just as exposed as he is.7. According to the passage, a panopticon is ________.A. a prison cellB. a place where everything can be seen by othersC. a tower which provides a panoramic viewD. ahouse that is transparent8. The description of how the panopticon would work in a prison implies that the panopticon ________.A. can be an effective tool for social controlB. should be used regularly in public placesC. is not applicable outside of the prisonD. is an effective tool for sharing information9. Why does the author suggest that the panopticon is a metaphor for our society?A. Our privacy is transparent.B. We are all prisoners m our own homes.C. Our actions are constantly observed and recordedD. We are always afraid that someone might be watching us.10. According to the passage, a key difference between prison panopticon and the moderntechnological panopticon is that ________.A. prisoners can see their observers, but we can’tB. prisoners are less informed about privacy issues than technology usersC. prisoners are aware that they may be being watched, but we often don’t even know we are being monitoredD. prisoners are more protected in their panopticon than we are in ours11. Why does the author describe a personal experience with identity theft?A. To show how angry he is about having his privacy invaded.B. To show an example of how private information can be taken and misused.C. To demonstrate a flaw in the panopticon.D. To demonstrate the vast scale of information exchange.12. According to the passage, which of the following would the author probably support?A. Widespread construction of glass houses.B. Greater flexibility in loan approval criteria.C. Modeling prisons after Bentham’s panopticon.D. Stricter regulations for information gathering and exchange.阅读理解：DC BCDC BACCBD任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
