价格
购买欲
销售量地点人口数源自利润促销制造
规模 生产率
单位变 动成本
成本
技术 供应链
固定 成本
要素价
运营方面考虑
竞争优势
企业销售额 = 现实需求 × 市场占有率
优势来源
产出水平 = 企业潜能 × 发挥效率
内部化
利润增长率 = 销售增长率 + 成本降低率
顾客方面考虑
顾客知晓 顾客欲望 顾客行动 顾客满意
Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.
Sales Volume
×
Price
Production Cost +
Overhead +
Share of
Market
Repeat Purchase
Marketing Expenditures
×
New Market
Segments
Industry Sales
PSrehHfaeerraeerntocfe
those trades will allocate goods efficiently among
participants.
W1B X1B
B
W2A X2A
W2B X2B
A
W1A X1A
常见的商品交换障碍