1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1）作主语。例如：
Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。
2）作宾语
a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：
avoid 避免complete完成consider认为delay 耽误admit 承认appreciate 感
激
deny 否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone推迟practice 训
练
recall 回忆resent 讨厌resume 继续resist 抵抗risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕keep 继续
例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。
b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：
object to admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself
to
stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on set about
put off be good at take up give up be successful
in
3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。
比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：
a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：
boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点
a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机
6.2 worth 的用法
worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容词，意为"值得"。
1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示"……值得……"
常见的有It ’s worth while to do./ It ’s worth（someone’s）while doing
be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做"
The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。
2. worthy：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.
3. worthwhile： be worthwhile to do sth "值得做某事"
It is worthwhile to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。
典型例题
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.
A. worth
B. worthy
C. worthwhile
D. worth while
答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth.。选C。
动名词不定式、分词练习
1. 1. I was ______ work last week, but I changed my mind.
a. to start
b. to have started
c. to be starting
d. to have been starting
2. 2. I intended ______ the matter with you, but I had some guests hen.
a. discuss
b. discussing
c. having discussed
d. to have discussed
3. 3. Don’t let me catch you ______.
a. do that again
b. to do that again
c. doing that again
d. done that again
4. 4. There are many kinds of metals ______.
a. a. each has its special properties
b. one has its special properties
b. b. each having its special properties d. having its special properties
5. 5. It’s pay-day, and they’re waiting ______.
a. for paying
b. to be paid
c. to be paying
d. to have paid
6. 6. _______ trouble, I’m going to forget the whole affair.
a. Then rather cause
b. Rather causing
c. Rather than cause
d. Rather than caused
7. 7. The brilliance of his satires was ______ make even his victims laugh.
a. so as to
b. such as to
c. so that
d. such that
8. 8. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined
______ high levels of self-confidence.
a. possess
b. have possessed
c. to possess
d. possessing
9. 9. The worker is ______ in repairing the machine to notice my coming.
a. too busy
b. enough busy
c. busy too
d. busy enough
10. 10. “What did you do in the garden?”
“I watched my father ______ his motorbike.”
a. to repair
b. repaired
c. repairing
d. repairs
11. 11. We must have an engineer ______ the workers build the house.
a. to see
b. see
c. seeing
d. seen
12. 12. Induction means ______ a general conclusion from special facts.
a. to come to
b. to coming
c. coming to
d. came
13. 13. I’m not going to ask the teacher why he gave me that grade; I intend _______.
a. to let rest the matter
b. the matter to be let resting
c. letting the matter to rest
d. to let the matter rest
14. 14. I have tried _______ worrying about it.
a. to stop consciously
b. to consciously stop
c. to conscious stopping
d. to stopping consciously
15. 15. “Do you want to give a talk on that subject?”
“I prefer ______ .”
a. not want
b. not wanting
c. to not giving
d. not to
16. 16. I _______ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.
a. cannot but admit
b. cannot help but to admit
c. cannot but admitting
d. cannot help but admitting
17. 17. Since she is angry, we ______.
a. had better leaving her alone
b. should leave her alone
c. might as well leave her alone
d. had rather leave her alone
18. 18. I don’t allow ______ in my office and I don’t allow my family ______ at all.
a. to smoke…smoking
b. smoking…to smoke
c. to smoke…to smoke
d. smoking…smoking
19. 19. You should remember ______ from the point when you are writing a composition.
a. don’t wander
b. not to wander
c. no wandering
d. not wander
20. 20. Grace advised us to withdraw ______.
a. so as to get not involved
b. so as not to get involved
c. so that to get not involved
d. as not to get involved
21. 21. He ran all the way up to the station ______ that the train had left fifteen minutes
before.
a. in order to find
b. so as to find
c. only to find
d. such as to find
22. 22. George went hunting for a week but still he didn’t find a room ______.
a. to live
b. to live in
c. for living
d. to be living in
23. 23. You should really avoid ______ at home alone as he is old and ill.
a. your father stay
b. your father to stay
c. your father’s staying
d. your father who stays
24. 24. John didn’t want to risk ______ wet as he had only one suit.
a. getting
b. to get
c. being got
d. to be gotten
25. 25. I’m disappointed with the new officers elected in our club, but there is no point _______
about it.
a. to worry
b. in worrying
c. with us worrying
d. if we worry
26. 26. It won’t be any use ______ to borrow any more money.
a. you to try
b. of your trying
c. trying you
d. your trying
27. 27. The law requires all cars _______ for safety and efficiency.
a. being tested regularly
b. to be regularly tested
c. be regularly tested
d. regularly tested
28. 28. I remember ______ to the zoo by my father when I was little.
a. being taken
b. taking
c. have been taken
d. to have taken
29. 29. I completely forgot ______ the front door last night and feel fortunate that nothing
is stolen.
a. locking
b. being locked
c. to lock
d. to have locked
30. 30. I regret ______ you that your application has been refused.
a. informing
b. being informed
c. to be informed
d. to inform
31. 31. I didn’t mean ______ anything, but these apples looked so good I couldn’t resist ______
one.
a. to eat…trying
b. to eat…o trying
c. eating…to try
d. eating…to trying
32. 32. I know it isn’t important but I can’t help ______ about it.
a. but to think
b. thinking
c. think
d. to think
33. 33. The ship, ______ to a shapeless wreck, was hardly recognizable.
a. being reduced
b. reducing
c. reduced
d. having been reducing
34. 34. The young doctor could not sleep at night, his thoughts ______ him no peace.
a. gave
b. giving
c. being given
d. to give
35. 35. After a long walk on a hot day, one feels ______.
a. exhaustive
b. exhausting
c. exhaust
d. exhausted
36. 36. Those relatives of his are ______ . I don’t want to have any dealings with them.
a. boring people
b. bored people
c. people having bored
d. people having boring
37. 37. You must follow the directions exactly and if you become ______, you must take the time
to go back again and reread them.
a. to confuse
b. confusing
c. confuse
d. confused
38. 38. There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it ______.
a. checking
b. check
c. to check
d. checked
39. 39. He was just about to jump up when he felt something ______ near his feet.
a. to move
b. move
c. moving
d. moved
40. 40. ______ with the corresponding period of last year, the output of chemical fibers in
the first quarter rose by 15%.
a. Comparing
b. To compare
c. Compared
d. Compare
41. 41. “Was the rally successful?’
“No, because the number of ______ was smaller than we had expected.”
a. people who attend
b. attended people
c. people attending
d. attendance of people
42. 42. Uncle Dick has already arrive. Do you expect ______ to see him?
a. a.Going
b. go
c. to go
d. that you go
43. 43. From the electric refrigerator Dick takes a carton of cream, another of fresh milk and
a can of ______ orange juice.
a. a.frozen
b. froze
c. freezing
d. freezed
44. 44. He felt bad for ______ a chance to study abroad.
a. having not given
b. not having given
c. having not been given
d. not having been given
45. 45. In some countries there are already a number of firms ______ computer programming.
a. specialize in
b. specialized in
c. specializing in
d. specializes in
46. 46. The young man who saw the car ______ into the river telephoned the police station.
a. plunge
b. plunged
c. was plunging
d. to plunge
47. 47. While she was shopping, she kept ______ the list to make sure she hadn’t forgotten
anything.
a. checked
b. checking
c. to check
d. check
48. 48. You’d better ______.
a. to have your shoes mended
b. to have mended your shoes
c. have your shoes mended
d. having your shoes mended
49. 49. The machines are made ______ at full speed.
a. work
b. working
c. to work
d. to be worked
50. 50. It is certain that men will never stop ______ new energy sources to power their growing
industry.
a. finding
b. to find
c. having found
d. found
51. 51. It is really quite extraordinary that we should have been at the same college without
______ before.
a. met
b. being met
c. having met
d. having been met
52. 52. Professor Smith is said ______ another important discovery in chemistry.
a. having made
b. having been made
c. to have made
d. to make
53. 53. Without the sun’s light ______ the earth’s surface, it would be so cold that life
could not exist on the earth.
a. warms
b. warmed
c. warming
d. to warm
54. 54. The rocket will weigh about 200 tons when ______.
a. being completed
b. completed completing d. have been completed
55. 55. There are plans ______ a number of atomic power station in this regions.
a. to build
b. to be built
c. building
d. being built
56. 56. All of us are looking forward to ______ a trip to the Ming Tombs.
a. make
b. making
c. to making
d. have made
57. 57. I can’t understand ______ a decision until it is too late.
a. him to postpone to make
b. his postponing to make
c. him to postponing making
d. his postponing making
58. 58. I would like ______ that I don’t have a very high opinion of you.
a. to have you know
b. have you know
c. to have your known
d. having you know
59. 59. I had intended ______ him while he was living at Aberdeen.
a. visiting
b. visit
c. to have visited
d. having visited
60. 60. Do you consider better _______ ?
a. not doing it again
b. not do it again
c. not having done it again
d. not to do it again
61. 61. The famous scientist was easy _______ along with.
a. to get
b. for getting
c. getting
d. got
62. 62. The students will have more discussions like this in the weeks ______.
a. coming
b. to come
c. come
d. to be coming
63. 63. He felt lonely at first, but after a time he got ______ alone and even got ______ it.
a. used to living…to like
b. used to live… to like
c. using to live…liking
d. to be used to living…liking
64. 64. Our master raised his voice so that the could make himself ______ by the pupils in the
back of the hall.
a. hear
b. heard
c. hearing
d. to be heard
65. 65. When he awoke, he found himself ______ in the hospital and ______ by an old woman.
a. lying…being looked after
b. lying…be looking after
c. lie…be looked after
d. lie…being looked after
66. 66. ______ from the hill-top the lake scenery is beyond description.
a. To see
b. Seeing
c. Seen
d. Having seen
67. 67. ______ in the strange forest, the poor girls fell to ______.
a. Lost…crying
b. Lost…cry
c. To lost…cry
d. Having been lost…crying
68. 68. They’ll have you ______ if you don’t pay your taxes.
a. to be arrested
b. arrest
c. arrested
d. being arrested
69. 69. All flights ______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.
a. having cancelled
b. were cancelled
c. have been cancelled
d. having been cancelled
70. 70. Although it was very late when John began doing the job, he managed with his friend’
s assistance, ______ before the building was locked.
a. to be finished
b. being finished
c. finishing
d. to finish
71. 71. Despite the earnest efforts of various private groups as well as government agencies,
many of the problems have not yet been solved, and much remains to ______.
a. have been done
b. be done
c. have done
d. do
72. 72. ______ that bad weather was on the way, the climbers decided to put off their attempt
on Eiger until the following week.
a. Having told
b. Being told
c. Telling
d. Having been told
73. 73. Members of the Government itself acknowledge many of their predictions _______ wildly
over-optimistic.
a. to be
b. being
c. to have been
d. having been
74. 74. The match was cancelled because most of the members ______ a match without a standard
court.
a. objected to having
b. objected to have
c. were objected to have
d. were objected to having
75. 75. The teacher doesn’t permit ______ in class.
a. smoke
b. smoking
c. to smoke
d. to have smoke
76. 76. I like watching TV ______ to the cinema.
a. more than to go
b. more than going
c. than going
d. rather than to go
77. 77. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.
a. to be informed
b. informed
c. on informing
d. informing
78. 78. Mrs. Brown is supposed ______ for Italy last week.
a. to have left
b. to leave
c. to be leaving
d. to have been left
79. 79. Dorothy went to work quietly, ______ to work as hard as she could.
a. her mind being made up
b. with her mind made up
c. with her mind making up
d. he mind making up
80. 80. Husband and wife with a common duty to the country will find themselves ______ closer
together.
a. been drawn
b. drawn
c. to draw
d. drawing
81. 81. Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed ______ blown off the mountain.
a. to have been
b. that it was
c. to be
d. that it had been
82. 82. ______ halfway through the exercise, the teacher changed his mind and collected all
our papers.
a. When only being
b. When we were only
c. Being only
d. Having been
83. 83. Some passengers are reading the morning paper, others are talking with one another,
______ nervously for the train.
a. to wait
b. are waiting
c. waiting
d. being waited
84. 84. There’s one thing I dislike about him: he will never admit ______ a mistake.
a. having made
b. making
c. being made
d. have been made
85. 85. Stan spent half a year ______ material for his new book.
a. to collect
b. collect
c. collecting
d. collected
86. 86. It’s no use ______ me not to worry.
a. you tell
b. your telling
c. for you to have told
d. having told
87. 87. The chairman insists that there be a meeting _______ within the shortest possible time.
a. to hold
b. to be held
c. to have been held
d. to be holding
88. 88. When the famous pianist was a child, he was accustomed ______ for several hours a day.
a. to practicing
b. to practice
c. to be practicing
d. to have practiced.
89. 89. In China hundreds of different dialects are spoken; people of some villages ______
themselves understood by the inhabitants of the next town.
a. making trouble have
b. have making trouble
c. have trouble making
d. trouble making have
90. 90. It’s a wonderful place for anyone ______ in architecture, as you are.
a. interesting
b. to be interested
c. being interested
d. interested
91. 91. Another feature worth ______ is the role of information throughout a feedback control
system..
a. noticed
b. noticing
c. being noticed
d. notice
92. 92. I believe ______ very largely due to mistaken views of the world.
a. this unhappiness are
b. to be this unhappiness
c. this be unhappiness
d. this unhappiness to be
93. 93. When they met, Leonards and his enemy were fighting ______.
a. killed each other
b. to kill each other
c. killing each other
d. to be killed each other
94. 94. Before the invention of aero-planes, ______ in the sky like a bird was only a dream.
a. men fly
b. to fly
c. for flying
d. man flys
95. 95. At last they succeeded ______ the job.
a. to persuade him to take
b. in persuading him to take
c. to persuade him taking
d. in persuading him taking
96. 96. All that it does is ______ the place of a house wife.
a. takes
b. taking
c. take
d. being taken
97. 97. He listened to me ______ what Mr. Smith had said the day before.
a. to repeat
b. to be repeated
c. to repeating
d. repeat
98. 98. He could do little except ______.
a. writing
b. write
c. written
d. to write
99. 99. The electric shaver ______ before it can be used.
a. needs repairing
b. requires to repair
b. b.should be in repair d. has to be repairable
100. 100. ______ a problem requiring multiplication or division, the computer solves it by adding or subtracting.
a. Giving
b. Having given
c. Being given
d. Given
101. 101. You can fly to London this evening ______ you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.
a. provided
b. except
c. unless
d. so far as
102. 102. Students from the south prefer _______.
a. eat rice than bread
b. eating rice than bread
c. eating rice to eating bread
d. eating rice to eat bread
103. 103. Would you be ______ to help me with my luggage?
a. enough kind
b. kind enough
c. too kind
d. kind too
104. 104. The father advise ______ the second-hand car.
a. his son to not buy
b. his son not to buy
c. his son’s no buying
d. that his son not to buy
105. 105. “Do you intend to come with us?”
“Yes, ______.”
a. I intend so
b. I intend that
c. I intend to
d. I intend
106. 106. It takes a whole year for the earth ______ round the sun once.
a. traveling
b. to travel
c. traveled
d. travels
107. 107. The factory ______ next year will be one of the largest in this city.
a. to build
b. to be built
c. being built
d. having been built
108. 108. With the guide ______ the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.
a. leading
b. led
c. leads
d. to lead
109. 109. They got the work ______ before the rainy season set in.
a. to do
b. done
c. doing
d. did
110. 110. Things are known ______ when they unite with the oxygen of the air.
a. burning
b. to burn
c. burn
d. being burning
111. 111. He was thoroughly ashamed ______ so much money on such an ugly picture.
a. for spending
b. with spending
c. to have spent
d. of having spent
112. 112. ______ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
a. To be free
b. Freeing
c. To free
d. Freed
113. 113. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ______ in broad daylight yesterday.
a. to be robbed
b. robbed
c. to have been robbed
d. having been robbed
114. 114. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ______ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it.
a. to be deserted
b. having deserted
c. to have been deserted
d. having been deserted
115. 115. “Where should I send my application?”
“The Personnel Office is the place ______.”
a. to sent it
b. sent it to
c. to send it to
d. for sending it
116. 116. The publisher will send you a specimen copy of their new book ______.
a. when it will be requested
b. when they are requested
c. when requested
d. when request it
117. 117. Rome is the city ______.
a. I rather most like to visit
b. I’d most like to visit
c. I’m rather to visit most
d. I’d prefer most to visit
118. 118. There ______ no further business, the meeting came to a stop.
a. being
b. was
c. been
d. had been
119. 119. Please remind me ______ some eggs for the coming party.
a. buy
b. to buy
c. of buying
d. for buying
120. 120. Don’t say anything at the meeting unless ______.
a. asking
b. asked
c. being asked
d. to be asked
121. 121. The radio announced that all flights ______ have been cancelled because of the fog.
a. go out
b. gone out
c. going out
d. will go out
122. 122. What’s the use ______ extra leisure time if you don’t know what to do?
a. have
b. to have
c. being have
d. of knowing
123. 123. ______ mathematical concepts of some students was very difficult because the students did not have a math background.
a. Explain
b. Explaining
c. Have explained
d. Having explained
124. 124. Although John was the oldest in the family, he always let his sister _____ charge of the house.
a. to take
b. taking
c. take
d. taken
125. 125. Commercial banks make most of their income from interest ______ on loans and investment in stocks and bonds.
a. earn
b. earned
c. to earn
d. was earned
126. 126. Amelia Earhart, the first woman ______ a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, was born in 1898.
a. makes
b. made
c. making
d. to make
127. 127. It is impossible for the plan ______.
a. to put into practice
b. not to put into practice
c. c.to be put into practice
d. to be not put into practice
128. 128. ______ is what she wants to know.
a. Who to do it
b. Whom to do it
c. Who does it do
d. Whom doing it
129. 129. My wife suggested ______ to Scotland for a holiday, but I favor ______ Wales instead.
a. to go…to visit
b. going …visiting
c. to go…visiting
d. going …to visit
130. 130. There are several ______ leaves on the ground.
a. falling
b. fallen
c. to fall
d. fell
初中英语语法：动名词的否定式 一、动名词一般式的否定式 动名词一般式的否定式是将直接否定词not置于动名词之前。如： Not being punctual makes him unreliable. 不准时使人觉得 他不可靠。 Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life. 个 子不高不是人生中的严重缺陷。 He said he so much regretted not being able to swim. 他 说他对不会游泳感到非常遗憾。 Our problem is not having sufficient raw material. 我们 的问题是原料不足。 二、动名词完成式的否定式 若动名词为完成式，否定词not应置于整个结构之前。如： Don’t be angry with me for not having written. 我没给你 写信请别生我的气。 Excuse me not having answered your letter before. 没有更 早回信请原谅。 I apologize for not having kept my promise. 我没遵守诺言 向你表示歉意。 三、动名词被动式的否定式 若动名词为被动式，否定词not应置于整个结构之前。如：
He doesn’t like not being taken seriously. 他不喜欢被人不严肃对待。 As far as he’s concerned, it’s not doing something wrong that matters, but not being caught doing something wrong, 就他而论，重要的不是做错事，而是做错事不被抓住。 四、动名词带逻辑主语时的的否定式 若动名词带有逻辑主语，则否定词应置于逻辑主语之后。如： I’m surprised at your not having noticed. 你竟未注意到我感到吃惊。 I never dreamt of its hurting you. 我没想它会伤你的心。 I depend on your coming at seven o’clock. 我指靠你七点钟来。 They won’t hear of you (r) going. 他们不会同意你去。 They’re looking forward to Mary’s coming. 他们盼望玛丽来。 I understand your not wanting to discuss the matter. 我理解你为什么不愿讨论这件事。 The trouble was their not being able to agree among themselves. 麻烦的是他们自己不能取得一致的意见。 Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
过去分词专项训练 Part1: Fill in the blanks 1. When_______(ask) why he was late, he went red.(脸红了) 2. Deeply ____ (move) by the story, she began to cry. 3. He walked out of the house，_______ （follow）by his pet dog ______(name )Snoopy. 4. When______ (travel), you should take care of your health. 5. Although________ (shock) at the nationwide milk crisis, many mothers still showed they would choose the brands of milk powder cautiously instead of saying “no” to it. party. 6. Even if______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening = Even if I______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening party. 7 _______(dress )in white, she looks really pretty. 8 ________(see) the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of his good old days. 9 Can you see the boy ___________ (question) by the police now? 10 The building ___________ (complete) at the end of this year will be our library. 3. At last the man managed to make himself ___ with his ____ French. A. understood; broken B. understand; break C. understanding; breaking D. understand; broken 4. _____ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, the computer is playing a more and more important role in social life. A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. Consider 5. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 6. Daring, Can’t you get _________ quickly, only fifteen minutes for the party! A. changing B. change C. to be changed D. changed 7. We must study as much as possible to meet the needs of a _________ world we face. A. ever-changed B. ever-change C. ever-changes D. ever-changing 8 The ________ story of the hero _______ everyone to tears. A. moving; moved B. moving; moving C. moved; moved D. moved; moving 9. After the storm there were quite a few ______ trees on the ground. Many people saw them ______ down when the storm came up. A. fallen; fall B. fallen; fallen C. fallen; to fall D. falling; fall 10. To our great grief, there were more than 10 million people _______ in the Wen Chuang earthquake. A. killing B. to be killed C. killed D. having been killed em big at all. 11 _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t se A Compare B When comparing C Comparing D When compared 12. If one third of a person’s blood _______, they may die. A. lost B is lost C. is losing D. loses tudents ____ outside to come in right away. 13. It’s time for the class meeting. Tell the s A. playing B. to play C. played D. who play 14. ____ drivers are a danger to the safety of the public. A. Drank B. Drunk C. Drinking D. Drink - 1 - / 3
高中英语语法详解：动名词 概念 动名词由动词原形+ING构成,是一种非谓语动词形式 相关知识点精讲： 1.作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2.作宾语 a. 有些动词能够用动名词作宾语。例如： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成
imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面能够用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on
英语语法-ing分词的用法 ing分词的用法 1、-ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式完成式 主动形式doing 主动形式having done 被动形式being done 被动形式having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing分词的语法作用 -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)–ing分词（短语）作主语： Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如： There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
1 动名词的用法 动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。动名词仍保留动词的 一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。 （一）做主语和表语。动名词短语用and连起来做主语时，谓语用复数形式。例如：Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼。 Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things. 出国访问和在国外定居是两件不同的事情。 It seems that reading English is easier than speaking it.似乎读英语比说英语容易。 My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps . 我最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼/集邮。 在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中，It为形式主语，而将做主语的动名词短语 放在后面。例如： It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。 Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents? 为两分钱讲价两小时值得吗？ It’s wise trying again. 再试一次是明智的。 It is of great importance fighting against pollution. 制止污染有重要意义。 It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early. 给这个病人做手术已经没用了。本应该早些把他送来。 It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.吸烟没好处，你最好戒掉。 （二）动名词短语作宾语。常用的能接动名词的动词有：admit承认，appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，advise 建议，can’t help 不禁，celebrate 庆祝，consider 考虑，complete 完成，contemplate沉思、打算，defer推迟，delay 延期，deny 否认，detest 痛恨，discontinue 停止，dislike不喜欢，dispute不同意，endure 忍耐，enjoy 喜欢，escape逃脱，excuse 原谅，fancy想象，feel like 想要，finish结束，严禁，forgive 原谅，hinder 阻碍，imagine 想象，keep 保持，mention 提到，mind 在意，miss 错过，pardon 饶恕、原谅，permit 允许，postpone 推迟，practise 实践、练习，prevent 阻止，recall 回忆，report报告，resent 怨恨，resist抵制、阻止，risk冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 明白、理解，等等。 例如： He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。 David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt. 戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车 抵债。 （我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. ） I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。
高中英语语法之动名词 一、含义 动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。 动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例） 注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing 二、动名词的基本用法 １．用作主语---常表抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。 Smoking is bad for your health. Playing with fire is dangerous. Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 注意： ①不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、 ．．．动作，而动名词 ．．．．一次性 作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy. ②动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。 It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用); It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣); It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 ①作某些及物动词的宾语 常见的动词有：advise，avoid，delay，escape，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy，keep，mind（在乎）postpone，pardon，practise，suggest，imagine等。 need，want，require后接动名词，表示被动意义。 如：Would you mind opening the door？请你把门打开好吗？ Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 ②作介词的宾语 He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。 On arriving at the airport，I saw my mother standing in the
初中英语语法总结 ( 动词的时态) 11.1 一般现在时的用法 1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3）表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。11.2 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
英语语法知识——动名词 动名词 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing 构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。 A 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1 ）作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2 ）作宾语 a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如： 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。
b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如： 3 ）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如： Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4 ）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如： a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如： boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点 a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it手扶拖拉机 B worth 的用法 worth, worthy, worthwhile 都是形容词，意为"值得"。 1. worth ：be worth + n.当名词为金钱时，表示"……值得……" 常见的有It ’s worth while to do./ It ’s worth （someone’s）while doing be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做" The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。2. worthy ：be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
第6章动词的-ing形式 动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类 与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。 A.动词-ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。 Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B. 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 注意： 在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.) We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. ) C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式 动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。 1．一般式的被动形式 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问
初中英语语法八大时态 一．一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将 来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二．一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句
XX高中英语语法大全动名词 出guo高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评，请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝，暑假过去了，新学期开始了，不管情愿与否，无论准备与否，我们已走进高三，走近我们的梦!祝愿决战xx高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在xx年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。动名词 一、动名词作主语 1. 一般置于句首： Reading English is easier than speaking it. 2. 有时也可以用it作形式主语，而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。 It will be nice seeing them again. 这类句子结构常见的还有： 1) It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk. 2) It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first suess. 3) Is it any good…? Is it any good trying to exp1ain? 4) It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it. 3. 动名词还可以在There is no?句子结构中做主语： There is no asking him to e now.He is busy. 这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语，其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do? 二、动名词作表语 连系动词常与动名词连用，一起构成复合谓语：
第7章动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ed形式的特征 A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 1．规则动词的-ed形式 limit→limited（限制） pretend→pretended（假装） escape→escaped（逃脱） provide→provided（提供） refer→referred（提交） drag→dragged（拖） pray→prayed（祈祷） supply→supplied（供应） 2．不规则动词的-ed形式 cast→cast（投掷） spread→spread（传播） bite→bitten（咬） forgive→forgiven（原谅） spit→spat（吐） wear→worn（穿） fight→fought（搏斗） lose→lost（丢失） 3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机 B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。 C．动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。 1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。
一、选择题 1．I don't have a Ping-Pong ball, _______ my brother _______. A．but; do B．and; does C．and;do D．but; does 2．—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A．Is; like B．Does; likes C．Does; like D．Do; likes 3．Kay looked _________ at the guests who said that the food she cooked tasted _________. A．happily; wonderfully B．happily; wonderful C．happy; wonderful D．happy; wonderfully 4．The woman made her husband_______ outside the gate yesterday afternoon. A．wait B．waiting C．to wait D．waited 5．The teacher's smile made me ________ better. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 6．—David, you got any tea? —Yes. Would you like some? A．have B．do C．has 7．What kind of music ________ he ________? A．does; listen B．does; listen to C．is; listen D．is; listen to 8．— ________ your cousin and her friends like history? —Yes, they ________ it’s very interesting. A．Does; think B．Do ; think C．Do; thinks 9．My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A．were, at B．was, at C．was, on 10．My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A．like; too many B．want; too much C．ask; too many D．let; too much 11．—Let’s _________ the library this afternoon. —Sorry, I want _________ my grandfather. A．go to;to meet B．go to;meeting C．to go to;to meet 12．—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A．does B．do C．is D．are 13．— What kind of home do you ? — A flat three bedrooms. A．live in; with B．live; with C．live in; has D．live; has 14．2019 has come. I hope everyone can make his dream ________. A．came true B．come true C．comes true D．coming true 15．When did your father your mother? A．marry B．marry to C．marry with D．get married 16．— When and where shall we meet?