妊娠晚期孕妇不良妊娠结局的影响因素分析

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临床医学

China &Foreign Medical Treatment 中外医疗2024 NO.5中外医疗China &Foreign Medical Treatment

妊娠晚期孕妇不良妊娠结局的影响因素分析王军南通市妇幼保健院心电图室,江苏南通 226001[摘要] 目的 探究妊娠晚期孕妇不良妊娠结局的影响因素。方法 回顾性选取2020年6月—2023年6月南通市妇幼保健院收治的106例分娩产妇的临床资料,根据妊娠结局的不同分为妊娠结局良好组(n=92)、妊娠结局不良组(n=14),在孕晚期的相同孕周对两组患者进行心电图检查,记录患者心电图异常发生情况,比较两组患者相关指标的差异,进一步进行Logistics多因素分析。结果 结局良好组的年龄小于结局不良组,异常心电图发生率、心律不齐发生率、合并妊娠期糖尿病发生率、合并妊娠期高血压发生率低于结局不良组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);经Logistics多因素分析发现,年龄(高龄)、异常心电图、心律不齐、合并妊娠期糖尿病、合并妊娠期高血压为影响妊娠晚期孕妇不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素(OR=3.446、5.146、14.258、13.871、11.789,P均<0.05)。结论 妊娠晚期孕妇不良妊娠结局的影响因素为年龄、心电图异常、心律不齐、合并妊娠期糖尿病、合并妊娠期高血压。[关键词] 孕妇;妊娠晚期;心电图;妊娠结局[中图分类号] R714 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2024)02(b)-0059-04Analysis of Influencing Factors of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in Third Trimester Pregnant WomenWANG JunDepartment of Electrocardiogram Room, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001 China[Abstract] Objective To explore the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes in third trimester pregnant women. Methods The clinical data of 106 parturients admitted to Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively selected. According to the different pregnancy outcomes, they were di⁃vided into good pregnancy outcome group (n=92) and bad pregnancy outcome group (n=14). Electrocardiogram exami⁃nation was performed in the same gestational week in the third trimester of the two groups, and the abnormal occur⁃rence of electrocardiogram was recorded. The difference of correlation index between the good outcome group and the bad outcome group was compared, and the Logistics multi-factor analysis was further conducted. Results Age in the good outcome group was younger than that in the bad outome group, and the incident rate of abnormal electrocardio⁃gram, arrhythmia, gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension in the good outcome group were lower than those in the bad outcome group ,the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After Logistics multi-factor analysis, it was found that age (old age), abnormal electrocardiogram, arrhythmia, gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in third trimester pregnant women (OR=3.446, 5.146, 14.258, 13.871, 11.789, all P<0.05). Conclusion The influencing factors of adverse preg⁃nancy outcome in third trimester were age, abnormal electrocardiogram, arrhythmia, gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension.[Key words] Pregnant women; Third trimester pregnancy; Electrocardiogram; Pregnancy outcome妊娠晚期通常是指孕妇28周开始,直至分娩结束。孕产妇进入孕晚期后,胎动强度会逐渐减弱,DOI:10.16662/j.cnki.1674-0742.2024.05.059

[作者简介] 王军(1978-),男,本科,副主任医师,研究方向为心电图。59中外医疗 China &Foreign Medical Treatment临床医学中外医疗China &Foreign Medical Treatment2024 NO.5而孕产妇由于医学知识的缺乏,易出现焦虑、紧张等情绪,影响妊娠结局[1-2]。另外,妊娠晚期心电图异常可能会影响孕妇的心肌供血能力,影响心脏功能,对产妇的危害较大。有研究表明,围生期胎儿早产、流产、死亡等发生率较高,对母婴的生命健康造成了极大的威胁[3]。为了降低妊娠晚期孕妇不良妊娠结局的发生风险,需要明确不良妊娠结局发生的影响因素,以便给予合理有效的干预措施。目前关于妊娠晚期孕妇不良妊娠结局的影响因素分析的研究相对较少,鉴于此,本研究回顾性选取2020年6月—2023年6月南通市妇幼保健院收治的106例分娩产妇的临床资料,以探究妊娠晚期孕妇不良妊娠结局的影响因素,现报道如下。1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料回顾性分析本院收治的106例分娩产妇的临床资料,根据妊娠结局的不同分为妊娠结局良好组(n=92)与妊娠结局不良组(n=14)。1.2 纳入与排除标准纳入标准:①所有研究对象均为妊娠晚期的孕妇;②研究对象的产前检查等临床资料完整。排除标准:①甲状腺功能异常者;②患有慢性妇科疾病者;③存在妊娠期并发症者,如高血压。1.3 方法心电图检测方法:孕妇从第1次产检开始接受心电图检查,检查开始前,调整检查室的温度,指导患者处于平卧位,深呼吸,处于静息状态。利用12导联心电图仪(耐极化电压:500 mV、定标电压:1 mV)进行检查,记录检查数据。若产妇存在异常心电图,进行24 h动态心电图(Dynamic Electrocardiog⁃raphy, DCG)检测。异常心电图判断标准参考《临床心电图学》[4]。对于异常心电图产妇,加强监护,增加产检次数,关注孕妇心电图变化。1.4 观察指标①临床资料比较。记录结局良好组和结局不良组的体质量指数、生育情况初产(初产经产)、异常心电图发生情况(心律失常、P-R间期缩短、电轴左偏、ST 段压低、导联低电压)、年龄、心律不齐发生情况(窦性心动过速、窦性心律不齐、窦性心动过缓及室性、房性早搏)、合并妊娠期糖尿病、合并妊娠期高血压等情况。②不良妊娠结局影响因素分析。利用Logistics多因素分析影响妊娠晚期孕妇不良妊娠结局的危险因素。1.5 统计方法用SPSS 22.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计数资料(年龄、异常心电图发生情况、心律不齐发生情况、合并妊娠期糖尿病、合并妊娠期高血压)用例数(n)和率(%)表示,行χ2检验;符合正态分布的计量资料体质量用(xˉ±s)表示,行t检验。影响因素分析采用Logistics多因素分析进行,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。2 结果2.1 妊娠晚期孕妇不良妊娠结局的单因素分析两组患者体质量指数、生育情况差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);结局良好组的高龄患者比例、异常心电图发生率、心律不齐发生率、合并妊娠期糖尿病发生率、合并妊娠期高血压发生率低于结局不良组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。见表1。表1 妊娠晚期孕妇不良妊娠结局的单因素分析影响因素年龄[n(%)] 非高龄(<35岁) 高龄(≥35岁)体质指数[(xˉ±s),kg/m2]生育情况(n) 初产 经产异常心电图发生情况[n(%)] 总发生率 心律失常 P-R间期缩短 电轴左偏 ST段压低 导联低电压结局良好组(n=92)75(81.52)17(18.48)22.49±1.7144486(6.52)1(1.09)1(1.09)1(1.09)1(1.09)0(0.00)结局不良组(n=16)6(37.50)10(62.50)22.53±1.74797(43.75)2(12.50)2(12.50)1(6.25)1(6.25)1(6.25)t/χ2值11.8370.0860.09114.498P值0.0010.9320.763<0.001

60China &Foreign Medical Treatment 中外医疗临床医学2024 NO.5中外医疗China &Foreign Medical Treatment续表1影响因素心律不齐发生情况[n(%)] 总发生率 窦性心动过速 窦性心律不齐 窦性心动过缓及室性 房性早搏合并妊娠期糖尿病[n(%)] 是 否合并妊娠期高血压[n(%)] 是 否结局良好组(n=92)7(7.61)2(2.17)3(3.26)1(1.09)1(1.09)9(9.78)83(90.22)10(10.87)82(89.13)结局不良组(n=16)7(43.75)1(6.25)4(25.00)1(6.25)1(6.25)6(37.50)10(62.50)6(37.50)10(62.50)t/χ2值12.738