高功率超高限亮度白光LED要点

RGB三基色合成白光对于制作RGB三基色合成的白光LED，必须注意以下几个问题：（1）三种LED芯片发出的光的主波长一般是：红光为615~620nm，绿光为530~540nm，蓝光为460~470 nm。

要达到最佳光效，可在这三种光的主波长范围内经过实验选择最佳的主波长配比。

如果为了提高显色指数，可采用蓝光（460nm）、绿光（525nm）、黄光（580nm）、红光(635nm)组合，这种光的主波长配比可得到最佳的显色指数（达95以上），光效可达35~40lm/W，最低色温可做到2700K。

为了兼顾出光效率和显色指数，三种L ED芯片发出的光的主波长和发光强度需要进行优化组合。

根据所用的模式和材料多做几次实验，可得到最佳效果。

（2）对于三种LED红、绿、蓝芯片的发光强度的比例，一般选择为3（红）：6（绿）：1（蓝），但是要考虑到不同芯片光衰不一样；而且当点亮发热后，三基色光的主波长漂移也不同。

同时考虑这几个因素，进行综合的实验来得到最好的效果，所以上述的只作为参考的比例，而不是固定的结论。

（3）如果将三种LED芯片简单地排列封装在一起，那么这样不能使三种LED的颜色光很好地混合成白光。

图1给出了RGB三色混合的示意图，只有A区是三种颜色都有的区域，所以只有A区才是白光，其他区域都不是白光。

RGB三种芯片发出的光能量主要分布在以光源光轴为中心的一定角度之内，因此不同位置上由不同芯片发出的光要传播一定距离后，才可能发生交叠进而混色。

然而即使在传播一定距离后，仍然只有中心区域才出现白光，也就是说中心区域以外的区域仍然没有混合，并且发散角度比较大的光线在经过传播后远离中心，继而造成发光效率降低。

图1 RGB三基色的混合因此，如何在较短传播距离内高效地混光，是封装高质量三基色白光LED的关键所在。

只有通过特殊的封装设计，才能解决这个问题，如图2所示。

采用这种结构后，三种光基本集中在一个区域进行混光，所以在制作三基色合成白光LED时，应该在热沉上和模粒上实现一些特殊的结构设计，从而使三种基色光能在集中的区域混合产生有效的白光。

白光LED的发光原理及其制造工艺1.1 LED（Light Emitting Diode），发光二极管，是一种固态的半导体器件，它可以直接把电转化为光：注入的少数载流子与多数载流子复合时会把多余的能量以光的形式释放出来。

LED的核心是一个半导体的晶片，晶片附在一个支架上，一端是负极，另一端连接电源的正极，使整个晶片被环氧树脂封装起来。

跟一般的二极管一样，LED 半导体晶片由两部分组成，一部分是P型半导体，在它里面的载流子以空穴占主导地位，另一端是N型半导体，在这边多数载流子主要是电子。

但这两种半导体连接起来的时候，它们之间就形成一个“P-N结”。

当PN结加反向电压时，少数载流子难以注入，LED故不发光。

而当PN结加正向电压时，电子就会被推向P区，在P区里电子跟空穴复合，这个复合过程会释放出能量，即以光子的形式发出能量，这就是LED发光的原理。

而光的波长也就是光的颜色，是由形成P-N结的材料决定的。

LED的发光颜色和发光效率与制作LED的材料和工艺有关，目前广泛使用的单色LED有红、绿、蓝三种。

由于LED 工作电压低（仅1.5-3V），能主动发光且有一定亮度，亮度又能用电压（或电流）调节，本身又耐冲击、抗振动、寿命长（10万小时），所以，LED是理想的光源[1]。

大功率LED又是LED的一种，相对于小功率LED来说，大功率LED单颗功率更高，亮度更亮，价格更高。

小功率LED额定电流都是20mA，额定电流高过20mA[2]的基本上都可以算作大功率。

一般功率数有：0.25w、0.5w、1w、3w、5w、8w、10w等等。

对于一般照明应用而言，人们更需要的是白色的光源。

在工艺结构上，白光LED通常采用两种方法形成。

第一种是利用“蓝光技术”与荧光粉配合形成白光。

1998年白光的LED开发成功。

这种白光LED就是将GaN芯片和钇铝石榴石（YAG）封装在一起做成。

GaN芯片发蓝光（λp=465nm，Wd=30nm），高温烧结制成的含Ce3+的YAG荧光粉受此蓝光激发后发出黄色光射[3]，峰值550nm。

ProLight PK2N-3LWE-Bxx 3W White Power LED Technical Datasheet Version: 1.5Features‧100% foot print compatible with CreeXP-C / XP-E / XP-G‧Best thermal material solution of the world ‧Best Moisture Sensitivity:JEDEC Level 1‧Good color uniformity‧RoHS compliant Main Applications ‧Entertainment Lighting‧Commercial LightingIntroduction‧ProLight Phenix3535, is one of the smallest high power LED footprint availableby ProLight Opto, has offered extended solid-state lighting design possibilities.ProLight Phenix3535 is designed with ProLight own Patents and using copperleadframe, the best thermal material of the world.‧Phenix3535 qualifies as the JEDEC Level 1 MSL sensitivity level and suitablefor SMD process, Pb_free reflow soldering capability, and full compliance withEU Reduction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) legislation.2016/10No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320,Emitter Mechanical DimensionsNotes:1. The cathode side of the device is denoted by the chamfer on the part body.2. Electrical insulation between the case and the board is required. Do not electrically connecteither the anode or cathode to the slug.3. Drawing not to scale.4. All dimensions are in millimeters.5. Unless otherwise indicated, tolerances are ±0.10mm.6. Please do not solder the emitter by manual hand soldering, otherwise it will damage the emitter.7. Please do not use a force of over 0.3kgf impact or pressure on the lens of the LED, otherwiseit will cause a catastrophic failure.*The appearance and specifications of the product may be modified for improvement without notice.2No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320,No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, ColorPart Number Emitter Luminous Flux ΦV (lm)CRI Minimum@350mA Refer @700mAMinimum Typical Minimum Typical WhitePK2N-3LWE-BSD 12014720426470PK2N-3LWE-BR811013118723580●ProLight maintains a tolerance of ±7% on flux and power measurements.●ProLight maintains a tolerance of ±2 on CRI measurements.●Please do not drive at rated current more than 1 second without proper heat sink.3Flux Characteristics, T J = 25°COptical Characteristics at 350mA, T J = 25°CTotalincluded Viewing Angle Angle Radiation Color Color Temperature CCT (degrees)(degrees)Pattern Min.Typ.Max.θ0.90V2 θ1/2LambertianWhite5000 K7500 K10000 K160130●ProLight maintains a tolerance of ±5% for CCT measurements.Forward Voltage V F (V)Forward Voltage V F (V)Thermal Resistance @350mARefer @700mAJunction to SlugColor Min.Typ.Max.Typ.(°C/ W)White2.853.103.603.508●ProLight maintains a tolerance of ±0.1V for Voltage measurements.Electrical Characteristics, T J = 25°CElectro-Optical Characteristics, T J = 25°CI F(mA)V F(V)Power (W)PK2N-3LWE-BSD PK2N-3LWE-BR8 Flux (lm)Flux (lm)250 2.98 0.75 108.3 96.5300 3.04 0.91 128.1 114.2350 3.10 1.09 147.0 131.0400 3.15 1.26 165.3 147.3500 3.26 1.63 200.3 178.5600 3.36 2.02 232.9 207.6700 3.46 2.42 263.6 234.9800 3.55 2.84 292.7 260.8●All values are reference only.Parameter WhiteDC Forward Current (mA)800Peak Pulsed Forward Current (mA)900 (less than 1/10 duty cycle@1KHz)ESD Sensitivity±4000V (Class III)(HBM per MIL-STD-883E Method 3015.7)LED Junction Temperature120°COperating Board Temperature-40°C -90°Cat Maximum DC Forward CurrentStorage Temperature-40°C -120°CSoldering Temperature JEDEC 020c 260°CAllowable Reflow Cycles3Reverse Voltage Not designed to be driven in reverse bias Absolute Maximum RatingsNo. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320,4Photometric Luminous Flux Bin Structure at 350mAColor Bin CodeMinimum Maximum Available Photometric Flux (lm)Photometric Flux (lm)Color BinsPK2N-3LWE-BSD V2120130【1】W1130140All W2140155All X1155170【1】PK2N-3LWE-BR8V1110120All V2120130All W1130140All W2140155【1】X1155170【1】●ProLight maintains a tolerance of ±7% on flux and power measurements.●The flux bin of the product may be modified for improvement without notice.●【1】The rest of color bins are not 100% ready for order currently. Please ask for quote and order possibility. Forward Voltage Bin Structure at 350mAColor Bin Code Minimum Voltage (V)Maximum Voltage (V)White A 2.85 3.10B 3.10 3.35 D 3.35 3.60●ProLight maintains a tolerance of ±0.1V for Voltage measurements.Note: Although several bins are outlined, product availability in a particular bin varies by production run and by product performance. Not all bins are available in all colors.5No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320,No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, 0.240.26 0.280.30 0.320.340.360.380.400.42 0.240.26 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38yxPlanckian (BBL)White7000 K6300 K5650 K5000 KX0XPXNW0WPWNV0VN10000 KY0YA6White Binning Structure Graphical RepresentationNo. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, Bin Codex y Typ. CCT (K)Bin Codex y Typ. CCT (K)V00.329 0.331 5320X00.308 0.311 66500.329 0.345 0.305 0.322 0.346 0.359 0.316 0.333 0.344 0.344 0.317 0.320 VN 0.329 0.345 5320XN 0.305 0.322 66500.329 0.357 0.303 0.333 0.347 0.372 0.315 0.344 0.346 0.359 0.316 0.333 W00.329 0.345 5970XP 0.308 0.311 66500.329 0.331 0.317 0.320 0.317 0.320 0.319 0.300 0.316 0.333 0.311 0.293 WN 0.329 0.345 5970Y00.308 0.311 80000.316 0.333 0.283 0.284 0.315 0.344 0.274 0.301 0.329 0.357 0.303 0.333 WP 0.329 0.331 5970YA 0.308 0.311 80000.329 0.320 0.311 0.293 0.318 0.310 0.290 0.270 0.3170.3200.2830.284●Tolerance on each color bin (x , y) is ±0.005Note: Although several bins are outlined, product availability in a particular bin varies by production runand by product performance. Not all bins are available in all colors.7White Bin StructureNo. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, 0.00.20.40.60.81.0350400450500550600650700750800850R e l a t i v e S p e c t r a l P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o nWavelength (nm)Standard Eye Response CurveWhite8Color Spectrum, T J = 25°C1. WhiteLight Output CharacteristicsRelative Light Output vs. Junction Temperature at 700mA020406080100120140160020406080100120R e l a t i v e L i g h t O u t p u t (%)Junction Temperature, T J (℃)WhiteNo. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, 01002003004005006007008009000255075100125150F o r w a r d C u r r e n t (m A )Ambient Temperature (℃)R θJ-A = 30°C/W R θJ-A = 20°C/W R θJ-A = 25°C/W R θJ-A = 15°C/W010020030040050060070080090012345A v e r a g e F o r w a r d C u r r e n t (m A )Forward Voltage (V)0.00.51.01.52.02.50100200300400500600700800900R e l a t i v e L u m i n o u s F l u xForward Current (mA)Forward Current Characteristics, T J = 25°CFig 1. Forward Current vs. ForwardVoltage for White.Fig 2. Relative Luminous Flux vs.Forward Current for White at T J =25 maintained.9Ambient Temperature vs. Maximum Forward Current1. White (T JMAX = 120°C)No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, 0102030405060708090100-100-80-60-40-20020406080100R e l a t i v e I n t e n s i t y (%)Angular Displacement (Degrees)Typical Representative Spatial Radiation PatternLambertian Radiation Pattern10Soak RequirementsLevel Floor Life Standard Accelerated Environment Time Conditions Time (hours)Conditions Time (hours)Conditions1Unlimited≤30°C /168 +5/-085°C /NA NA 85% RH85% RH●The standard soak time includes a default value of 24 hours for semiconductor manufature'sexposure time (MET) between bake and bag and includes the maximum time allowed out ofthe bag at the distributor's facility.●Table below presents the moisture sensitivity level definitions per IPC/JEDEC's J-STD-020C.Soak Requirements Level Floor Life Standard Accelerated Environment Time Conditions Time (hours)Conditions Time (hours)Conditions1Unlimited≤30°C /168 +5/-085°C /NA NA 85% RH85% RH2 1 year≤30°C /168 +5/-085°C /NA NA 60% RH60% RH2a 4 weeks≤30°C /696 +5/-030°C /120 +1/-060°C / 60% RH60% RH60% RH3168 hours≤30°C /192 +5/-030°C /40 +1/-060°C / 60% RH60% RH60% RH472 hours≤30°C /96 +2/-030°C /20 +0.5/-060°C / 60% RH60% RH60% RH548 hours≤30°C /72 +2/-030°C /15 +0.5/-060°C / 60% RH60% RH60% RH5a24 hours≤30°C /48 +2/-030°C /10 +0.5/-060°C / 60% RH60% RH60% RH6Time on Label≤30°C / Time on Label30°C /NA NA (TOL)60% RH(TOL)60% RHMoisture Sensitivity Level -JEDEC Level 1No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320,11Stress Test Stress ConditionsStressDurationFailure CriteriaRoom Temperature25°C, I F= max DC (Note 1)1000 hours Note 2 Operating Life (RTOL)Wet High Temperature85°C/60%RH, I F= max DC (Note 1)1000 hours Note 2 Operating Life (WHTOL)Wet High Temperature85°C/85%RH, non-operating1000 hours Note 2 Storage Life (WHTSL)High Temperature110°C, non-operating1000 hours Note 2 Storage Life (HTSL)Low Temperature-40°C, non-operating1000 hours Note 2 Storage Life (LTSL)Non-operating-40°C to 120°C, 30 min. dwell,200 cycles Note 2 Temperature Cycle (TMCL)<5 min. transferMechanical Shock 1500 G, 0.5 msec. pulse,Note 3 5 shocks each 6 axisNatural Drop On concrete from 1.2 m, 3X Note 3 Variable Vibration 10-2000-10 Hz, log or linear sweep rate,Note 3 Frequency20 G about 1 min., 1.5 mm, 3X/axisSolder Heat Resistance260°C ±5°C, 10 sec.Note 3 (SHR)Solderability Steam age for 16 hrs., then solder dip Solder coverage at 260°C for 5 sec.on leadNotes:1. Depending on the maximum derating curve.2. Criteria for judging failureItem Test Condition Criteria for Judgement Min.Max.Forward Voltage (V F)I F= max DC--Initial Level x 1.1Luminous Flux orI F= max DC Initial Level x 0.7--Radiometric Power (ΦV)Reverse Current (I R)V R= 5V--50 μA* The test is performed after the LED is cooled down to the room temperature.3. A failure is an LED that is open or shorted.Qualification Reliability TestingNo. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320,12No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, TYPE A.13Recommended Solder Pad DesignStandard Emitter ●All dimensions are in millimeters.●Electrical isolation is required between Slug and Solder Pad.TYPE B.No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, 14Reflow Soldering ConditionProfile FeatureSn-Pb Eutectic Assembly Pb-Free Assembly Average Ramp-Up Rate 3°C / second max.3°C / second max.(T Smax to T P )Preheat–Temperature Min (T Smin )100°C 150°C –Temperature Max (T Smax )150°C 200°C –Time (t Smin to t Smax )60-120 seconds 60-180 seconds Time maintained above:–Temperature (T L )183°C 217°C –Time (t L )60-150 seconds60-150 secondsPeak/Classification Temperature (T P )240°C 260°C Time Within 5°C of Actual Peak 10-30 seconds 20-40 seconds Temperature (t P )Ramp-Down Rate6°C/second max.6°C/second max.Time 25°C to Peak Temperature6 minutes max.8 minutes max.●We recommend using the M705-S101-S4 solder paste from SMIC (Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd.) for lead-free soldering.●Do not use solder pastes with post reflow flux residue>47%. (58Bi-42Sn eutectic alloy, etc) This kind of solder pastes may cause a reliability problem to LED.●All temperatures refer to topside of the package, measured on the package body surface.●Repairing should not be done after the LEDs have been soldered. When repairing is unavoidable, a double-head soldering iron should be used. It should be confirmed beforehand whether the characteristics of the LEDs will or will not be damaged by repairing.●Reflow soldering should not be done more than three times.●When soldering, do not put stress on the LEDs during heating.●After soldering, do not warp the circuit board.t 25°C to Peakt S PreheatTimeT e m p e r a t u r eCritical Zone T L to T PRamp-upRamp-downT SmaxT Smint Pt LT PT L25IPC-020cNotes:1. Drawing not to scale.2. All dimensions are in millimeters.3. Unless otherwise indicated, tolerances are ±0.10mm.15 No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320,No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, 16Notes:1. Empty component pockets sealed with top cover tape.2. 250, 500 and 1000 pieces per reel.3. Drawing not to scale.4. All dimensions are in millimeters.178 ± 13 ± 0.54 ± 0.5 5 ± 0.560 ± 0.513.2 ± 0.516.2 ± 0.5Φ 13.1 ± 0.5Φ 21 ± 0.5No. 89, Xiyuan Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County 320, 17Precaution for UseHandling of Silicone Lens LEDsNotes for handling of silicone lens LEDs●Please do not use a force of over 0.3kgf impact or pressure on the silicone lens, otherwise it will cause a catastrophic failure.●The LEDs should only be picked up by making contact with the sides of the LED body.●Avoid touching the silicone lens especially by sharp tools such as Tweezers.●Avoid leaving fingerprints on the silicone lens.●Please store the LEDs away from dusty areas or seal the product against dust.●When populating boards in SMT production, there are basically no restrictions regarding the form of the pick and place nozzle, except that mechanical pressure on the silicone lens must be prevented.●Please do not mold over the silicone lens with another resin. (epoxy, urethane, etc)●StoragePlease do not open the moisture barrier bag (MBB) more than one week. This may cause the leads of LED discoloration. We recommend storing ProLight’s LEDs in a dry box after opening the MBB. The recommended storage conditions are temperature 5 to 30°C and humidity less than 40% RH. It is also recommended to return the LEDs to the MBB and to reseal the MBB.●The slug is is not electrically neutral. Therefore, we recommend to isolate the heat sink.●We recommend using the M705-S101-S4 solder paste from SMIC (Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd.) for lead-free soldering.●Do not use solder pastes with post reflow flux residue>47%. (58Bi-42Sn eutectic alloy, etc) This kind of solder pastes may cause a reliability problem to LED.●Any mechanical force or any excess vibration shall not be accepted to apply during cooling process to normal temperature after soldering.●Please avoid rapid cooling after soldering.●Components should not be mounted on warped direction of PCB.●Repairing should not be done after the LEDs have been soldered. When repairing is unavoidable,a heat plate should be used. It should be confirmed beforehand whether the characteristics of the LEDs will or will not be damaged by repairing.●This device should not be used in any type of fluid such as water, oil, organic solvent and etc.When cleaning is required, isopropyl alcohol should be used.●When the LEDs are illuminating, operating current should be decide after considering the package maximum temperature.●The appearance, specifications and flux bin of the product may be modified for improvement without notice. Please refer to the below website for the latest datasheets./。

SC2803(文件编号:S&CIC0805) 3W 高功率白光LED 驱动器一、 概述SC2803是一个驱动固定输出电流的升压型DC-DC 变压器。

器件的固定开关频率是1MHz ，允许使用小的电感和陶瓷电容。

SC2803用两节AA 电池来驱动1A 的负载。

LED 电流可以由连接在反馈引脚（FB ）和地之间的外部电流检测电阻Rs 来调节。

为了得到更高的效率，一个95mV 的反馈电压减少了Rs 的功率损耗。

其内部的2A 、100m Ω NMOS 开关使得SC2803即使在重负载情况下依然可以提供很高的效率。

在关闭模式中，反馈电阻Rs 和负载并不相连，并且电流量减少至小于1uA 。

SC2803采用6脚SOT23-6封装。

二、 特点LED 输出效率高达90%； 1.0MHz 开关频率；使用小巧、扁平的外部元件； 低启动电压：0.9V （I LED =270mA ）； 低RDS(ON)开关：100 m Ω（典型值）； LED 开路保护；扁平SOT23-6封装；无铅封装。

三、 应用白光LED 照明物（手电筒） 白光LED 相机闪光灯 数码相机闪光灯 照相手机闪光灯 PDA 照相闪光灯可携式摄像机照明灯（闪光）四、SC2803(SC2803(文件编号:S&CIC0805)3W高功率白光LED驱动器七、极限工作条件这仅仅是最大极限且不保证运行功能。

长期在极限条件下工作可能影响器件可靠性。

所有电压都是相对地电压。

输入引脚电压：-0.3V～6VSW引脚电压：-0.3V～6V SHDN、FB引脚电压：-0.3V～6V 工作温度范围：-40℃～85℃存储温度范围：-65℃～125℃引脚温度（焊接时间5秒）：300℃八、额定工作条件结温：-40℃～125℃环境温度：-40℃～85℃九、热信息十、电特性FSC2803(文件编号:S&CIC0805)3W高功率白光LED驱动器十一、典型特性曲线T A=25℃，L=2.2uH，C IN=10uF，C O=10uF，除非另外注明。

LED各类灯光电参数LED灯是一种新型的照明光源，具有高效节能、长寿命、环保无污染等优点。

其电参数是指其使用时所需的电流、电压以及功率等。

下面将详细介绍LED各类灯光的电参数。

1.交流供电LED灯：交流供电的LED灯通常需要转换器或者电源将交流电转换为直流电供给LED灯使用。

其电压通常为110V或220V，频率为50Hz或60Hz。

交流供电LED灯的功率主要根据其型号来决定，通常在5W至100W之间。

2.直流供电LED灯：直流供电的LED灯不需要转换器，直接使用直流电作为电源。

其电压通常为12V或24V，常用的电流为0.3A至2A之间。

直流供电LED灯的功率也根据其型号来决定，通常在3W至50W之间。

3.高压LED灯：高压LED灯是指直接使用220V电压供电的LED灯。

其电流通常在50mA至500mA之间，功率在5W至100W之间。

高压LED灯通常需要内置恒流驱动电路，以保证LED灯的稳定工作。

4.低压LED灯：低压LED灯一般为直流供电，使用低压电源供电，如12V或24V。

其电流通常在20mA至1000mA之间，功率在0.3W至50W之间。

低压LED灯的电参数相对较低，适用于一些小功率的照明应用。

5.高亮度LED灯：高亮度LED灯通常采用低压直流供电，使用高亮度LED芯片作为光源。

其电压通常在2V至4V之间，常用的最大电流为20mA至1000mA，功率在0.1W至30W之间。

高亮度LED灯具有较高的亮度和较低的能耗，适用于各种照明场景。

除了上述主要的电参数之外，LED灯还有一些其他的电性能指标，例如：色温、光通量、显色指数（CRI），以及发光角度等。

1.色温：色温指的是光源发出的光的颜色，单位为开尔文（K）。

常用的色温有暖白光（2700K-3500K）、自然白光（4000K-4500K）和冷白光（5500K-6500K）等。

不同的色温适用于不同的环境和场景。

2. 光通量：光通量是LED灯发出的光的总功率，单位为流明（lm）。