学习资料-APA0714
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美国心理学会(American Psychological Association,简称APA)的第七版数据报告格式是指该学会在2020年发布的《美国心理学会出版手册》(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association)的第七版。
这本书提供了心理学研究和写作的标准格式,包括论文撰写、参考文献列表、图表和表格等部分的规范。
第七版APA格式的主要变化包括:
1. 引用格式的变化:第七版更新了引用格式,以适应当前出版物的电子化和在线获取的特点。
这包括对网页引用、在线文章、电子书和数据库引用的规范。
2. 参考文献列表的格式:第七版对参考文献列表的格式进行了简化,使得列表更加清晰易读。
3. 图表和表格的改进:第七版提供了更多关于如何呈现图表和表格的指导,以提高研究的可读性和理解度。
4. 统计数据的展示:第七版提供了更多关于如何报告统计数据的指导,包括使用适当的统计图表和解释统计结果。
5. 写作风格的变化:第七版对写作风格提出了一些新的指导,包括使用第一人称和主动语态的时机,以及如何清晰、准确地表达研究内容和结论。
apa第七版格式英文范文举例The American Psychological Association (APA) style is a widely recognized and commonly used format for academic and professional writing. The 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual, released in 2020, provides updated guidelines and recommendations for the structure, organization, and presentation of scholarly works. This essay aims to provide an example of an APA 7th edition formatted paper to serve as a reference for those who are new to or unfamiliar with this style.The overall structure of an APA 7th edition formatted paper typically includes the following sections: title page, abstract, main body, and references. Each of these sections has specific formatting requirements that should be followed closely to ensure compliance with the guidelines.The title page, also known as the cover page, is the first page of the document and includes the paper's title, the author's name, the institutional affiliation, and the running head. The title should be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the content of the paper.It is recommended to keep the title to 12 words or less. The author's name should be presented in the format of first name, middle initial (if applicable), and last name. The institutional affiliation refers to the university, college, or organization with which the author is affiliated. The running head is a shortened version of the paper's title, typically no more than 50 characters, including spaces, and is placed in the header of each page.The abstract is a brief summary of the paper, typically ranging from 150 to 250 words. It should provide a concise overview of the paper's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract should be written in a clear and concise manner, using complete sentences and avoiding the use of abbreviations or jargon.The main body of the paper is where the author presents the detailed information and discussion of the topic. The main body is typically divided into several sections, such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion. Each section should be clearly labeled with appropriate headings and subheadings to guide the reader through the paper's structure.The introduction section should provide background information on the topic, establish the significance of the study, and clearly state the research question or hypothesis. The literature review section should summarize and critically analyze the relevant research that has beenconducted on the topic, highlighting the gaps in the existing knowledge that the current study aims to address.The methodology section should describe the research methods, including the participants, materials, and procedures used in the study. This section should be detailed enough to allow other researchers to replicate the study if necessary.The results section should present the findings of the study in a clear and organized manner, using tables, figures, and other visual aids as appropriate. The discussion section should interpret the findings, explain their significance, and discuss the implications of the study.The references section should list all the sources cited in the paper, following the APA 7th edition guidelines for formatting and organizing the reference list. Each source should be listed in alphabetical order by the first author's last name, and the formatting should be consistent throughout the list.In addition to the main sections, the APA 7th edition format also includes specific guidelines for the formatting of in-text citations, headings, tables, and figures. In-text citations should be included whenever a source is referenced in the paper, and the format should follow the author-date system. Headings should be used to organize the paper's content and should be formatted according to the APAguidelines, which include five levels of headings. Tables and figures should be used to present data and visual information in a clear and concise manner, and they should be formatted according to the APA guidelines.Overall, the APA 7th edition format provides a standardized and widely recognized structure for academic and professional writing. By adhering to these guidelines, authors can ensure that their work is presented in a clear, organized, and professional manner, making it easier for readers to understand and engage with the content.。
《心理学报》参考文献着录格式(着者-出版年制)详细要求本刊参照文献要求基本参照了Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2010) 第6版的相关规定,中文文献有细节上的特殊要求。
总体要求1 正文中引用的文献与文后的文献列表要完全一致。
⏹文中引用的文献可以在正文后的文献列表中找到;文献列表的文献必须在正文中引用。
2 文献列表中的文献着录必须准确和完备。
3 文献列表的顺序⏹文献列表按着者姓氏字母(或汉语拼音)顺序排列;姓相同,按名的字母顺序排列;着者姓和名相同,按出版年排列。
⏹相同着者,相同出版年的不同文献,需在出版年后面加a、b、c、d……来区分,按文题的字母顺序排列。
如:Wang, M. Y. (2008a). Emotional……Wang, M. Y. (2008b). Monitor……Wang, M. Y. (2008c). Weakness……4 缩写chap. chapter 章ed. edition 版Rev. ed. revised edition 修订版2nd ed. second edition 第2版Ed. (Eds.) Editor (Editors) 编Trans. Translator(s) 译n.d. No date 无日期p. (pp.) page (pages) 页卷Vol. Volume (as in Vol.4)vols. volumes (as in 4卷vols.)No. Number 第Pt. Part 部分Tech. Rep. Technical Report 技术报告Suppl. Supplement 增刊5 元分析报告中的文献引用⏹元分析中用到的研究报告直接放在文献列表中,但要在文献前面加星号*。
并在文献列表的开头就注明*表示元分析用到的的文献。
6 中文文献应给出相应的英文。
apa论文格式【篇一:apa论文格式】apa论文格式写作范例本手册之论文格式写作格式范例主要参考美国心理学会出版之apa 手册(第五版)。
介绍撰写研究报告及毕业论文最常用的规定。
其中有关中文的写作格式,仅供参考之用。
一、文章结构。
二、资料引用。
三、图表製作。
四、数字与统计符号。
五、其他常用格式。
一、文章结构依据apa的格式﹐文章的结构包括封面﹑摘要﹑本文﹑参考文献﹑附录﹑以及作者注记六部份 (请参阅该手册﹐第10至28页)。
? 封面部份依次包括报告题目﹑作者姓名、单位及页首小标题(running head)四部份﹐首先呈现的是报告主题﹐题目要能确切反映研究的变项或主要问题﹐避免不必要的赘词﹔其次是作者的姓名﹐在作者姓名之后不加任何名衔 (如教授) 及学位名称 (如博士),及作者的服务单位;最后是页首小标题,目的在方便读者查阅,其长短英文以50个字母为高限,中文长度则以足以辨识出文章题目为标准。
? 摘要部份依文章性质﹐分别规定不同的摘要内容﹐实证性文章摘要的内容包括﹕研究问题﹑研究对象﹑研究方法﹑研究结果 (含显着水准)﹑及结论与建议﹔评论性文章或理论性文章摘要的内容包括﹕分析的主题﹑目的或架构﹑资料的来源﹑及最后的结论。
英文摘要(abstract)的字数﹐以120字为上限﹐重要内容先叙述,次重要者次之,不分段落,有数字时,除字首外全部採用阿拉伯数字。
摘要的撰写宜力求忠实反映本文内容﹐用词精简明确﹐且不添加作者本身的意见﹐叙述而非条列式。
但如学位论文摘要(summary),因内容较多,笔者建议以一页为原则,并可分段及条列述之。
? 本文部份包括绪论﹑研究方法﹑研究结果﹑结论与建议。
绪论部份包括﹕研究问题与背景﹑研究变项的定义﹑研究目的与假设。
研究方法包括﹕研究对象﹑研究工具﹑实施程序。
研究结果在忠实呈现资料分析的结果﹐结论与建议应先指出研究结果是否支持研究假设﹐其次依据研究结果的一致性及差异性﹐以及相关文献﹐引出结论﹐再依据结论做建议﹐其中也可略述研究的限制。
报告的参考文献格式报告的参考文献是一个重要组成部分,恰当的参考文献格式能够展现出作者的严谨态度和专业水准。
本文将介绍常见的参考文献格式,包括APA、MLA、芝加哥等。
一、APA参考文献格式APA参考文献格式是最常用的格式之一,在社会科学领域尤为常见。
以下是其基本要求:1.文献列表需列在报告末尾。
2.按作者姓氏字母顺序排列,同一作者的文献按发表时间顺序排列。
3.书籍、期刊等资料应包括以下信息:作者姓名、发表年份、书名/期刊名、出版商、版次、页码等。
4.在书名/期刊名后需用斜体或下划线标出。
5.如果有多个作者,则除第一个作者外,其他作者用“&”符号连接。
例如:- 书籍:Jones, A. (2010). The art of writing. New York, NY: Publishing House.- 期刊:Butch, A. & Smith, B. (2005). Effects of music on test-taking anxiety among college students. Journal of Psychology, 135(5), 611-617.二、MLA参考文献格式MLA参考文献格式主要用于人文学科,在写作论文、研究报告时常见。
其主要要求为:1.文献列表需列在报告末尾。
2.按作者姓氏字母顺序排列,同一作者的文献按发表时间顺序排列。
3.书籍、期刊等资料应包括以下信息:作者姓名、书名/期刊名、出版商/发行机构、发表年份、页码等。
4.在书名/期刊名后需用斜体标出,唯独在期刊名之后不需要加标点符号。
5.如果有多个作者,则除第一个作者外,其他作者用“and”连接。
例如:- 书籍:Ryan, Michael. An American Renaissance: Painting and Sculpture Since 1940. Thames and Hudson, 1985.- 期刊:Burke, Kenneth. “Definition of Man.” Southern Review, vol. 2, no. 3, 1936, pp. 451-78.三、芝加哥参考文献格式芝加哥参考文献格式是一种专门针对人文和社会科学类论文的文献引用格式,常用于历史、艺术等学科。
1、概述审核部给申请人的小提示:复习一遍成绩单提到的科目,着重复习其中最重要的内容。
您不需要为了审核面谈再学习任何专业知识,您也不用回忆起所学的全部课程内容!您可以在审核面谈中用德语或英语,又或者用两种语言陈述您所学过的大学课程。
但不能用汉语!您的德语或英语水平应该达到能够理解考官的问题,回答考官的问题,并且能够简短的介绍自己所学的科目。
仔细听考官的问题,并回答他的问题,如果您没有听懂他的话,可以请求他重复一遍问题或解释一下问题。
请您具体的讲述您在课上都做了些什么和都学了些什么。
举出例子。
您可以用绘画,图表,表格,公式和方程式表述您的课程。
您只是不该沉默!请您千万不要只给出泛泛的定义和不要背诵您之前准备的知识,而您本身并不理解它。
如何准备?首先先是每门课程的一句话概括,可以研究一下重点课程的目录,说说都学了什么,不一定全掌握,但至少要能讲出几个理论,而且在科目选择是要有重点,一些不太重要的课程可以基本不用看,会概括两句话说说就行,自己的专业课,尤其是大三大四的课程,包括毕业论文要精心准备。
一来这些课程你较熟悉,二来这些跟你专业更相关,也更容易被问到。
如果对方问的问题你不会,这里注意,这种不会有两个层面,一种是完全不会,那就直接回答,你忘记了,但是你却知道。
这个转折非常重要”对不起,我记不太清这个知识点了,但是我知道。
”也就是说,面试时候掌握话语权很重要,你可以通过引导,将对方引导到你知道擅长的知识上去,而且一旦引到你擅长的知识点,要尽量发挥,多讲多描绘。
重要的需要记住:不是背诵,而是讲,要像讲课一样,让对方明白,而不是生硬的背诵。
所以你所擅长的知识点,不是通过背诵来表现,而是通过你自身理解融会贯通后的表达。
还有另外一种不会,就是其实是懂得的,但是无法用英语德语表达明白,或者一下愣住了,这时候不用慌,先告诉对方你知道,然后想方法用画图,画画,打比方,列图标,画曲线,比喻,甚至打手势等任何方式来讲解,千万不要因为紧张而慌了神。
Copyright © ANPEC Electronics Corp.Rev. P.1 - Jun., 2008www.anpec.com.tw1
ANPEC reserves the right to make changes to improve reliability or manufacturability without notice, andadvise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify before placing orders.
3W Mono Fully Differential Audio Power AmplifierAPA0714Preliminary
The APA0714 is a Mono, fully differential Class-AB audioamplifier which can operate with supply voltage from 2.4Vto 5V and is available in a MSOP8, MSOP8P or TDFN3x3-8 package.The built-in feedback resistors can minimize the externalcomponent count and save the PCB space. High PSRRand fully differential architecture increase immunity tonoise and RF rectification. In addition to these features, ashort startup time and small package size make theAPA0714 is an ideal choice for LCD TVs and notebookPCs.The APA0714 also integrates the de-pop circuitry that re-duces the pops and click noises during power on/off andshutdown mode operation. Both Thermal and over-cur-rent protections are integrated to avoid the IC to be de-stroyed by over temperature and short-circuit.The APA0714 is capable of driving 3W at 5V into 3Ωspeaker.
FeaturesGeneral Description
Applications•LCD TVs
•Notebooks
•Operating Voltage: 2.4V~5.5V
•Fully Differential Class-AB Amplifier
•High PSRR and Excellent RF Rectification
Immunity•Low Crosstalk
•3W Output Power into 3Ω
Load at VDD=5V•High PSRR: 75dB at 217Hz
•Thermal and Over-Current Protections
•Built-in Feedback Resistors Eliminate
External Components Counts•Space Saving Package
-MSOP-8 -MSOP-8P -TDFN3x3-8•Lead Free and Green Devices Available
(RoHS Compliant)
Simplified Application CircuitAPA0714 InputSpeaker
LINN
LINPLOUTP
LOUTNCopyright © ANPEC Electronics Corp.Rev. P.1 - Jun., 2008www.anpec.com.tw2
APA0714 PreliminarySymbol Parameter Rating Unit VDD Supply Voltage -0.3 to 6 V Input Voltage (INN, INP) -0.3 to 6 V VIN, Input Voltage (OUTN, OUTP) -0.3 to VDD +0.3
TJ Maximum Junction Temperature 150 οC
TSTG Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 οC
TSDR Soldering Temperature Range 260, 10 seconds οC
PD Power Dissipation Internally Limited W
Ordering and Marking InformationPin ConfigurationAbsolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Note : ANPEC lead-free products contain molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate termination finish;which are fully compliant with RoHS. ANPEC lead-free products meet or exceed the lead-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C for MSL classification at lead-free peak reflow temperature. ANPEC defines “Green” to mean lead-free (RoHS compliant) andhalogen free (Br or Cl does not exceed 900ppm by weight in homogeneous material and total of Br and Cl does not exceed1500ppm by weight).
BYPASS 27 GND
INP 3INN 46 VDD5 OUTP
8 OUTNSD 1MSOP-8Top View
BYPASS 27 GND
INP 3INN 46 VDD5 OUTP
8 OUTNSD 1MSOP-8PTop View
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Exposure to absolutemaximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
BYPASS 2INP 3INN 4
SD 17 GND6 VDD5 OUTP
8 OUTNTDFN3x3-8TOP View
APA0714Handling CodeTemperature RangePackage Code
°
XXXXX - Date CodeAssembly MaterialAPA0714 X :APA0714 QB :APA0714 XA :XXXXX - Date CodeXXXXX - Date CodeA0714 XXX XX
A0714 XXX XX
APA0714 XXXXX
Package Code X : MSOP-8 XA : MSOP-8P QB : TDFN3x3-8Operating Ambient Temperature Range I : -40 to 85 CHandling Code TR : Tape & ReelAssembly Material L : Lead Free Device G : Halogen and Lead Free DeviceCopyright © ANPEC Electronics Corp.Rev. P.1 - Jun., 2008www.anpec.com.tw3
APA0714 PreliminaryParameter Min. Max. Unit Supply Voltage VDD 2.5 5.5 V High level threshold voltage, VIH SD 1 - V Low level threshold voltage, VIL SD - 0.35 V Common Mode Input Voltage, VIC 0.5 VDD-0.5 Operating Ambient Temperature Range -40 85 οC
Operating Junction Temperature Range -40 125 οC
Speaker Resistance 2.5 - Ω
Thermal Characteristics (Note 2,3)
Symbol Parameter Typical Value Unit
θJA
Thermal Resistance -Junction to Ambient MSOP-8 MSOP-8P TDFN3x3-8 200 60 110
οC /W
θJC Thermal Resistance -Junction to Case MSOP-8P TDFN3x3-8 - οC /W
Recommended Operating Conditions
APA0714 Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
IDD Supply Current - 3 6 mA ISD Shutdown Current LSD =RSD= 0V - - 5 µA
II Input current LSD, RSD - 0.1 - µ
A
Gain RL=4Ω 36kΩ Ri 40kΩ Ri 44kΩ Ri V/V
TSTART-UP Start-up time from end of shutdown Cb1=Cb2 = 0.1µF - 65 - ms RSD Resistance from shutdown to GND 90k 100k 110k Ω