GMAT 真题3

gmat考试题及答案GMAT考试题及答案1. 问题：在下列选项中，哪一个是正确的语法结构？A. She is one of the most intelligent students I have ever met.B. She is one of the most intelligent student I have ever met.C. She is one of intelligent students I have ever met.D. She is one of the intelligent student I have ever met.答案：A2. 问题：以下哪个选项正确地完成了句子？A. Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go out.B. Despite of the heavy rain, they decided to go out.C. Despite to the heavy rain, they decided to go out.D. Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go out.答案：A3. 问题：在数学部分，以下哪个表达式等于 \( \frac{1}{2} \)？A. \( \frac{3}{6} \)B. \( \frac{2}{4} \)C. \( \frac{4}{8} \)D. \( \frac{5}{10} \)答案：B4. 问题：在逻辑推理部分，如果所有的猫都怕水，而Tom是一只猫，那么以下哪个陈述是正确的？A. Tom怕水。

B. Tom不怕水。

C. Tom是一只狗。

D. Tom不是猫。

答案：A5. 问题：在数据充分性部分，如果 \( x \) 和 \( y \) 是正整数，且 \( x^2 + y^2 = 25 \)，以下哪个选项提供了足够的信息来确定\( x \) 和 \( y \) 的值？A. \( x \) 是偶数。

gmat试题中文及答案GMAT试题中文及答案一、数学题1. 如果一个数的平方等于该数本身，那么这个数可能是多少？A. 0B. 1C. -1D. A和B答案：D2. 一个圆的半径是5，它的面积是多少？A. 25πB. 50πC. 75πD. 100π答案：B二、逻辑题1. 所有的猫都怕水，如果一只动物怕水，那么它不是猫。

以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述论断？A. 有些猫不怕水。

B. 有些动物怕水但不是猫。

C. 所有怕水的动物都是猫。

D. 有些动物不怕水并且是猫。

答案：B2. 如果一个公司想要提高其市场份额，它应该降低其产品的价格。

以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述观点？A. 降价可能会损害公司的品牌形象。

B. 消费者通常认为价格高的产品质量更好。

C. 竞争对手也降低了他们的产品价格。

D. 公司的产品在市场上已经是最低价。

答案：B三、阅读理解题阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

在20世纪初，汽车工业开始迅速发展。

随着汽车数量的增加，对道路的需求也随之增长。

然而，当时的许多道路都是土路，容易受到天气的影响。

为了解决这个问题，工程师们开始设计和建造更耐用的道路。

这些道路使用混凝土和沥青等材料，能够承受更重的交通负荷。

问题：1. 20世纪初，汽车工业的发展导致了什么？A. 道路数量的减少B. 对耐用道路的需求增长C. 汽车价格的上升D. 工程师数量的增加答案：B2. 工程师们如何解决土路容易受到天气影响的问题？A. 减少汽车的使用B. 建造更耐用的道路C. 增加土路的数量D. 限制天气变化答案：B四、语法题1. 尽管他很年轻，但他已经是一位经验丰富的工程师。

A. 尽管他很年轻，但他已经是一位经验丰富的工程师。

B. 尽管他很年轻，但他是一位经验丰富的工程师。

C. 虽然他很年轻，但他已经是一位经验丰富的工程师。

D. 虽然他很年轻，但他是一位经验丰富的工程师。

答案：A2. 这家公司不仅提供了高质量的产品，而且它的服务也非常出色。

gmat考试题及答案1. 题目：如果一个公司在第一年的销售额是100万美元，第二年增长了20%，那么第二年的销售额是多少？答案：第一年的销售额是100万美元，第二年增长了20%，所以第二年的销售额是100万美元 * (1 + 20%) = 100万美元 * 1.2 = 120万美元。

2. 题目：一个数列的前三项是2, 4, 8，每一项都是前一项的两倍。

这个数列的第四项是多少？答案：数列的规律是每一项都是前一项的两倍，所以第四项是8 * 2 = 16。

3. 题目：如果一个圆的半径是5厘米，那么它的周长是多少？答案：圆的周长公式是C = 2πr，其中r是半径。

所以，如果半径r是5厘米，那么周长C = 2 * π * 5厘米= 10π厘米。

4. 题目：一个公司有5名员工，每个员工在一小时内可以完成5个项目。

如果公司需要完成100个项目，需要多少小时？答案：每个员工每小时可以完成5个项目，所以5名员工每小时可以完成5 * 5 = 25个项目。

因此，完成100个项目需要100 / 25 = 4小时。

5. 题目：如果一个投资的年回报率是10%，那么在5年内，100美元的投资将增长到多少？答案：年回报率是10%，所以每年投资都会增长10%。

使用复利公式，5年后的投资金额是100美元 * (1 + 0.10)^5 = 100美元 *1.61051 = 161.05美元。

6. 题目：一个三角形的底边长是10厘米，高是5厘米，那么它的面积是多少？答案：三角形的面积公式是A = 1/2 * 底 * 高。

所以，面积A =1/2 * 10厘米 * 5厘米 = 25平方厘米。

7. 题目：如果一个数是另一个数的两倍，那么这两个数的平均值是多少？答案：设第一个数为x，第二个数为2x。

这两个数的平均值是(x + 2x) / 2 = 3x / 2。

8. 题目：一个公司在一年内的收入是500万美元，支出是300万美元，那么它的利润是多少？答案：利润是收入减去支出，所以利润是500万美元 - 300万美元= 200万美元。

gmat考试题及答案一、GMAT考试阅读理解题及答案1. 题目：In a recent study, researchers found that people who regularly engage in physical activities are less likely to suffer from chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. The study suggests that regular exercise can significantly reduce the risk of these diseases.Question: What is the main finding of the study mentioned in the passage?A. Regular exercise has no effect on chronic diseases.B. People who exercise regularly are more likely to suffer from chronic diseases.C. Regular exercise can reduce the risk of chronic diseases.D. Physical activities can cause heart disease and diabetes.Answer: C2. 题目：The company's new marketing strategy focuses on targeting younger consumers, as they believe that this demographic is more likely to be interested in their products. The strategy includes launching a social media campaign and offering discounts to students.Question: What is the main objective of the company's new marketing strategy?A. To target older consumers.B. To increase sales among students.C. To target younger consumers.D. To reduce the company's social media presence.Answer: C二、GMAT考试逻辑推理题及答案1. 题目：Premise: All birds can fly.Conclusion: Penguins can fly.Question: What is the logical error in the conclusion?A. The conclusion is true.B. The conclusion is false because penguins are birds.C. The conclusion is false because penguins cannot fly.D. The conclusion is true because penguins are birds.Answer: C2. 题目：Premise: If it rains, then the game will be canceled.Premise: The game was not canceled.Conclusion: It did not rain.Question: What type of logical reasoning is used in this argument?A. Deductive reasoning.B. Inductive reasoning.C. Abductive reasoning.D. Causal reasoning.Answer: A三、GMAT考试数据充分性题及答案1. 题目：Is the sum of two numbers, x and y, greater than 10?(1) x is greater than 5.(2) y is greater than 5.Question: Is statement (1) alone sufficient, statement (2) alone sufficient, or both statements together sufficient to answer the question?A. Statement (1) alone is sufficient.B. Statement (2) alone is sufficient.C. Both statements together are sufficient.D. Neither statement alone nor together is sufficient.Answer: D2. 题目：What is the value of the variable z?(1) z is twice the value of x.(2) The sum of x and y is 10.Question: Is statement (1) alone sufficient, statement (2) alone sufficient, or both statements together sufficient to answer the question?A. Statement (1) alone is sufficient.B. Statement (2) alone is sufficient.C. Both statements together are sufficient.D. Neither statement alone nor together is sufficient.Answer: D四、GMAT考试语法改错题及答案1. 题目：The company, which was founded by John in 2005, is now one of the largest in the industry.(A) which was founded by John in 2005(B) was founded by John in 2005(C) was it founded by John in 2005(D) it was founded by John in 2005Answer: B2. 题目：After the storm, the city had to deal with the damage to the buildings, and also to the roads.(A) and also to the roads(B) and also with the roads(C) as well as to the roads(D) and also the roadsAnswer: C这些题目和答案仅供参考，GMAT考试的题目类型和难度可能会有所不同。

gmat数学试题及答案GMAT数学试题及答案1. 题目：如果一个数列的前三项分别是2，4，8，那么这个数列的第四项是多少？答案：这个数列的第四项是16。

2. 题目：一个长方形的长是宽的两倍，如果宽增加10%，长减少10%，那么新的长方形面积比原来增加了多少百分比？答案：新的长方形面积比原来减少了1%。

3. 题目：一个工厂生产了1000个零件，其中90%是合格的。

如果不合格的零件中有20%被重新加工并合格，那么工厂最终有多少个合格的零件？答案：工厂最终有918个合格的零件。

4. 题目：如果一个圆的半径增加10%，那么它的面积增加了多少百分比？答案：它的面积增加了21%。

5. 题目：一个投资组合由两种股票组成，股票A占60%，股票B占40%。

如果股票A的回报率是10%，股票B的回报率是15%，那么整个投资组合的平均回报率是多少？答案：整个投资组合的平均回报率是12%。

6. 题目：一个班级有50名学生，其中30%是女生。

如果班级中女生的平均成绩是80分，男生的平均成绩是70分，那么整个班级的平均成绩是多少？答案：整个班级的平均成绩是75分。

7. 题目：一个商店销售两种类型的电视机，A型和B型。

如果A型电视机占总销售量的40%，并且A型电视机的利润率是20%，B型电视机的利润率是30%，那么商店从A型电视机中获得的总利润占总利润的百分比是多少？答案：商店从A型电视机中获得的总利润占总利润的44%。

8. 题目：如果一个数的平方根是4，那么这个数的立方根是多少？答案：这个数的立方根是8。

结束语：以上就是GMAT数学试题及答案，希望能够帮助考生们更好地准备考试。

GMAT（VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．Studies have shown that companies that present seminars on workplace safety to their employees actually have higher rates of workplace accidents than do companies that do not present such seminars to their employees. Despite this finding, it is still in the best interests of companies and their employees for companies to present these seminars. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the argument that the companies should continue to present these seminars?A．Companies that present workplace safety seminars to their employees are likely to be in manufacturing industries or segments of the service sector that present more opportunities for workplace accidents than the average company.B．A fast-food chain determined that the rate of workplace accidents remained the same at its franchises after all employees had viewed a 30-minute workplace safety video.C．Workers are ultimately responsible for their own safety, and no amount of workplace education can alter their behavior.D．A business research institute determined that workplace accidents reduce the productivity of manufacturing businesses by as much as 8 percent per year.E．Many companies mistakenly believe that presenting workplace safety seminars to their employees relieves the company of legal liability in the event that employees are injured on the job.正确答案：A解析：To strengthen the argument, the answer must refute the apparent connection between workplace safety seminars and higher rates of accidents; answer A provides a plausible explanation for this phenomenon.2．For hundreds of years, pearl divers have gathered pearls directly from mollusks on the seafloor. This is an extremely risky profession, exposing the divers to risks of drowning, air embolism, and shark attacks. Still, as long as society demands authentic cultured pearls, these brave divers must continue to risk their lives. Which of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?A．Shark attacks on pearl divers have decreased steadily over the last three decades because of declining shark populations.B．Cultured pearls are generally considered more beautiful than those made by artificial means.C．Robotic pearl harvesters can gather pearls faster and at less cost than human divers, although they may disturb aquatic communities.D．Part of the value of cultured pearls derives from the exotic way in which they are obtained.E．With the proper equipment and training, a diver employing scuba gear can harvest three times as many pearls per hour as can a free air diver.正确答案：C解析：This answer provides an alternative means by which society can obtain cultured pearls without exposing divers to risk.3．An electronics company’s two divisions showed consistent performance over the last two years. In each year, the audiovisual department accounted for roughly 30 percent of the company’s sales and 70 percent of the company’s profits over the period, while the home appliance division accounted for the balance. Which of the following statements regarding the last two years can be inferred from the statement above?A．The audiovisual market is growing faster than is the home appliance division.B．The home appliance division has realized lower profits per dollar of sales than has the audiovisual division.C．Total dollar sales for each division has remained roughly constant for the last five years.D．The company has devoted more money to research and development efforts in the audiovisual division than in the home appliance division.E．To maximize profitability, the company should focus its resources on the home appliance division.正确答案：B解析：If the home appliance division accounted for 70 percent of sales but only 30 percent of profits, it is clearly generating less profit per dollar of sales than is the audiovisual division.4．Gastric bypass surgery has been shown to be effective at helping extremely obese people lose weight. Some patients have lost as much as 300 pounds after undergoing the surgery, thereby substantially prolonging their lives. Despite the success of the treatment, most doctors have not embraced the surgery as a weight loss option. Which of the following statements, if true, best accounts for the lukewarm reaction of the medical community to gastric bypass surgery?A．Gastric bypass surgery carries a high risk of serious complications, including death.B．Obesity is one of the leading contributors to heart disease and hypertension, two leading causes of death.C．Obesity rates among the American population have been increasing consistently for the last three decades.D．Many patients report that losing weight through diets is ineffective, since they usually gain the weight back within six months.E．Most health insurance plans will cover the cost of gastric bypass surgery for morbidly obese patients at high risk of heart disease.正确答案：A解析：This answer provides a substantial reason--the operation’s risk of serious complications and death--for doctors to refrain from recommending the gastric bypass surgery.The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage. After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. While most people agree that the Golden Age of comic books began with the introduction of Superman in 1938 in Action Comics #1, there is less agreement about when exactly the Golden Age ended. There is a general consensus, however, about the factors that brought the Golden Age to a close: the rise of the horror comic book in the late 1940s, and the resulting backlash against comic books in the early 1950s. Superhero comic books reached their peak of popularity in the early 1940s because of all the GIs in Europe and Japan who eagerly read about Superman, Batman, and The Spirit. When these soldiers came home, they still wanted to read comic books, but they sought out more adult content. William Gaines of EC Comics was happy to meet the market demand with such grim and gritty titles as Weird Fantasy and The Crypt of Terror. The creators of superhero comic books, not wanting to be left behind, responded by matching their protagonists against darker criminals in more violent encounters. These darker comic books aroused the anger of child psychologist Fredric Wertham, who believed that comic books were leading the nation’s youth into crime, violence, and drug abuse. Wertham’s book, The Seduction of the Innocent, was a national best-seller that helped bring about congressional investigations into the corrupting influence of comic books. The Senate committee that reviewed Wertham’s charges decided to create the Comics Code Authority, a regulatory body that prohibited comic books from mentioning sexuality, alcohol, drugs, criminal behavior, or any themes related to the horror genre. These regulations had a numbing effect on the industry. EC Comics was nearly driven out of the comics business, and the other major players canceled many of their most prominent titles. The comics business did not recover until the Marvel revolution of the early 1960s ushered in the Silver Age.5．This passage is primarily interested in which of the following?A．Investigating the factors that brought about the Marvel revolution and the Silver Age of comic booksB．Reviewing the factors that brought about the end of the Golden Age of comic booksC．Comparing and contrasting two eras in the history of comic booksD．Condemning the horror comic book for its corrupting influence on the nation’s youthE．Evaluating the historical legacy of William Gaines’s EC Comics正确答案：B解析：The introductory paragraph brings up the subject of the factors that brought the Golden Age to an end, and the next three paragraphs discuss these factors.6．According to the passage, which of the following was true of the creators of superhero comic books in the postwar years?A．They sought to head off the censorship of the Comics Code Authority by voluntarily prohibiting stories dealing with sexuality, drugs, or criminal behavior.B．They introduced characters such as Superman and The Spirit.C．They unintentionally laid the groundwork for the transition from the Golden Age of comic books to the Silver Age.D．They focused increasingly on flashy artwork and less on well-developed stories.E．They responded to the competitive pressure from horror comic books by increasing the amount of violence in their stories.正确答案：E解析：The passage states, “The creators of superhero comic books, not wanting to be left behind, responded by matching their protagonists against darker criminals in more violent encounters.”7．According to the passage, what can we infer to be the central message of Fredric Wertham’s The Seduction of the Innocent?A．Adults reading violent comic books were as likely to be corrupted by them as young people were.B．The horror comic books of the late 1940s were inferior to the superhero comic books that gained popularity during World War Ⅱ.C．Comic books were leading the nation’s youth into crime, violence, and drug abuse.D．Creating a regulatory board to censor the comic book industry would drive the worst offenders out of the business.E．Comic books would never be able to convey stories of any serious literary merit.正确答案：C解析：The sentence preceding the mention of Wertham’s book states that he believed that comic books “were leading the nation’s youth into crime, violence, and drug abuse.”8．According to the final paragraph of the passage, what may we infer about the comic book companies of the Silver Age?A．They were able to create popular comic books despite the regulations of the Comics Code Authority.B．They achieved commercial success because of the popularity of characters such as Spider-Man, the Hulk, and the Fantastic Four.C．They repeated the same mistakes as the comic book companies of the GoldenAge.D．They failed to succeed because of the numbing effect of the Comics Code Authority regulations.E．Marvel Comics was the only major comic book company to survive from the Golden Age into the Silver Age.正确答案：A解析：The last paragraph states that the CCA regulations had a numbing effect on comic book publishers, but it concludes with the statement that the industry recovered in the Silver Age. Since the passage did not state that the CCA regulations were repealed, we can infer that the companies succeeded despite the regulations.9．In what light does the passage depict the efforts by Fredric Wertham to bring about regulation of the comic book industry?A．As a fanatical crusade brought about by Wertham’s inner demonsB．As a witch-hunt roughly analogous to the concurrent anti-Communist hearings by the House Committee on Un-American ActivitiesC．As a reasonable response to an industry that had gone too farD．As an angry response to a trend in the subject matter of the comic book industryE．As an inappropriate response to a phenomenon that was not actually hurting anyone正确答案：D解析：The passage describes the trend toward horror comics in neutral terms, and it states that horror comics “aroused the anger” of Wertham.10．According to the passage, which of the following statements can be made about the content of Weird Fantasy and The Crypt of Terror?A．Their adult-oriented content was not suitable for young readers.B．Their grim and gritty content was a market response to the demands of soldiers home from World War Ⅱ.C．They frequently depicted violence and criminal behavior, but shied away from sexuality or drug abuse.D．Their sales surpassed those of previous best-selling titles such as Superman or Batman.E．The publication of Weird Fantasy #1 coincided with the end of the Golden Age of comic books.正确答案：B解析：The second paragraph states: “When these soldiers came home, they still wanted to read comic books, but they sought out more adult content. William Gaines of EC Comics was happy to meet the market demand with such grim and gritty titles as Weird Fantasy and The Crypt of Terror.”The following questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlinedpart. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others. These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.11．The way in which the mighty blue whale and the other baleen whales--the flnback, gray, humpback, and right whales--eats was discovered by careful observation by biologists.A．eats was discovered byB．eat was discovered throughC．eats were discovered by means ofD．eat were discovered byE．eat was discovered resulting from正确答案：B解析：The two subject-verb phrases in question here are “The way.., was discovered” and “whales... eat;” only B and E present these verb forms properly. The construction “discovered resulting from” in E is awkward and unidiomatic; B is the best answer.12．The eighteenth-century author Jonathan Swift once suggested in a satiric essay Irish farmers could eat their children to address the twin problems of overpopulation and lack of food.A．Irish farmers could eat their children to address the twin problems of overpopulation and lack of foodB．that the twin problems of overpopulation and lacking food could be addressed by the eating of children by Irish farmersC．of the twin problems of Irish farmers, overpopulation and a lack of food, could be addressed by the eating of their childrenD．that Irish farmers could address the twin problems of overpopulation and lack of food by eating their childrenE．that Irish farmers, facing overpopulation and lacking food, could address the twin problems through eating their children正确答案：D解析：A and C fail to conform to the idiomatic construction “{subject} suggested that...;”B is awkward and is weakened by its use of the passive voice. In E, it is unclear that “twin problems” necessarily refers to overpopulation and lack of food. D is the clearest statement.13．The stock market collapse of 1929 had far-reaching consequences for the national economy, causing a nationwide collapse in home values, putting millions outof work, and by erasing the investment savings of one-fifth of the population.A．and by erasingB．and erasingC．and having erasedD．and erasedE．by erasing正确答案：B解析：To maintain a parallel structure with “causing” and “putting,” the verb in the final clause should be “erasing” without “by;” the presence of “by” in the phrase does not make sense with the rest of the sentence. B is the clearest and most idiomatic choice.14．No less remarkable than the invention of nuclear power has been the way the technology has prompted governments to reevaluate the nature of international relations.A．No less remarkable than the invention of nuclear powerB．What was as remarkable as the invention of nuclear powerC．Inventing nuclear power has been none the less remarkable thanD．The invention of nuclear power has been no less remarkable asE．The thing that was as remarkable as inventing nuclear power正确答案：A解析：A is grammatically correct and idiomatic, and it is stylistically preferable to the other choices.15．Unlike the recognition of ethical lapses in others, many people are disinclined to perceive the same flaws in themselves.A．Unlike the recognition of ethical lapses in others, many people are disinclined to perceive the same flaws in themselves.B．Unlike the perception of ethical flaws in themselves, many people are willing to recognize these same flaws in others.C．Many people, willing to recognize ethical lapses in others, are disinclined to perceive the same flaws in themselves.D．Many people are disinclined to perceive the same flaws in themselves, but are willing to perceive ethical lapses in othersE．Although willing to recognize ethical lapses in others, many people in themselves are disinclined to perceive the same flaws.正确答案：C解析：A and B incorrectly compare “people”with “recognition”and “perception,”respectively. In D, it is unclear what “the same flaws” is referring to. The construction “many people in themselves”in E is unidiomatic. C is the best answer.16．The Elk City garbage dumps are so full that Elk City has been forced to pay a large sum to Caribou City to accept much of Elk City’s garbage. The Elk City mayor has proposed paying for this garbage relocation by imposing a tax on manufacturing businesses in ELk City. MegaCorp, the largest manufacturing business in the area, protests that this tax is unfair because businesses should not have to pay for a garbage problem that has been created by homeowners. Which of the following, if true, most weakens MegaCorp’s argument?A．MegaCorp already pays more than $10,000 per year in taxes and fees to Elk City.B．MegaCorp employs more than 60 percent of the employed residents of Elk City.C．A recycling program would address the garbage problem more effectively by reducing the overall quantity of waste.D．MegaCorp’s manufacturing processes produce more than 90 percent of the total waste that goes into Elk City’s garbage dumps.E．Caribou City is happy to receive the extra garbage because the fees it collects from Elk City have helped to address a shortfall in education funding.正确答案：D解析：If MegaCorp produces the majority of the waste that goes into the overfull garbage dumps, the company cannot validly claim that the problem was “created by homeowners.”17．There are Congressmen who say that the development of a space-based missile defense system will provide economic benefits only to military contractors. This claim is not true. A space-based missile defense system, even if it has no current applications for civilian businesses, will still benefit civilian businesses because those businesses will be able to find profitable uses for the government-developed technology in the future. Which of the following statements, if true, provides the most support for the argument that a space-based missile defense system could provide future economic benefits for civilian businesses?A．Several new materials developed for the Apollo space program were later adapted to provide basic components of the modem computer and electronics industries.B．The missile defense system in question will not require the development of any new technologies.C．Space-based missile defense programs may be the only way to defend civilian populations against preemptive nuclear attacks.D．Space-based missile defense programs, although more expensive than traditional land-based systems, are theoretically more effective than traditional land-based systems.E．The scientists employed on the project could make extraordinary advances in the capabilities of intercontinental ballistic missiles used by the army.正确答案：A解析：The example given demonstrates that a past technology developed by the government that did not have immediate civilian economic applications was later adapted to provide important economic benefits.18．The commissioner of a professional sports league dictated that teams could not put players on the field who had a greater than 20 percent chance of suffering a career-ending spinal injury during competition. The commissioner justified this decision as a way to protect players from injury while protecting the league from lawsuits. Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the effectiveness of the commissioner’s new policy?A．Spinal injuries can result in paralysis, loss of fine motor skills, and even death.B．The previous year, more than seven players in the league suffered career-ending spinal injuries.C．The players’ union agrees that the risk of injury is an inevitable part of playing the game at a professional level.D．There is no scientifically valid method for determining the likelihood of any player suffering a career-ending spinal injury at any given time.E．Players barred from playing because of this new regulation will be entitled to compensation for lost wages at a level determined by the commissioner’s office.正确答案：D解析：If there is no valid way to determine which players have a 20 percent chance of suffering such an injury, there will be no way to enforce the commissioner’s new policy.19．There are few things worse for a new parent than listening to a baby scream in hunger while a bottle of formula slowly warms up in a bowl of hot water. So why not just pop the bottle in the microwave and zap it in 20 seconds? Because microwaves heat fluids unevenly, and a hot pocket in the formula could seriously injure the baby. Which of the following is presupposed in the argument against heating formula in the microwave?A．Babies generally refuse to eat formula that has been heated in a microwave.B．Microwave radiation might break down some of the proteins in formula that are vital to a baby’s health.C．Different microwaves use different amounts of power, and consequently some models could heat a bottle to scalding temperature faster than others.D．Parents cannot be expected to consistently even out the temperature of a microwaved bottle by shaking it vigorously before giving it to the baby.E．Once formula has been heated, any leftover formula should be discarded, because otherwise the formula could spoil between feedings and make the baby sick.正确答案：D解析：If parents could be expected to consistently even out the temperature of microwaved bottles, then the concern about hot pockets in the bottle would be unfounded.20．Charlie’s Chainsaw Company has reason to believe that one of its models of saw is defective. A recall of all of the saws would cost more than $5 million, and would probably result in a loss in market share over the next quarter because of bad publicity. Still, a recall is the right economic decision. Which of the following, if true, most supports the conclusion above?A．Defective chainsaws can seriously injure or even kill the people who use them.B．Charlie’s chief rival has recalled two of its products within the past year.C．Product recalls often result in a perception by customers that a given product is permanently defective, even after the defect has been remedied.D．The stocks of publicly traded companies that announce product recalls often drop upon the announcement, but they generally return to the pre-announcement level within 12 months.E．Three years ago a rival company went out of business because of large punitive damages awarded to a plaintiff who had been injured by a defective chainsaw.正确答案：E解析：Answer E suggests that the company has a justifiable concern that ff the product is not recalled, the company could be involved in a damaging lawsuit that could even lead the company into bankruptcy; this concern provides a strong economic incentive to recall the chainsaws. Answer A could be correct if the passage referred to a “moral decision”or just “the right decision,”but since the passage specifically refers to an “economic decision,” answer E is the best choice.21．A dog enthusiast took home two puppies from the dog shelter. He fed one of the puppies super-premium canned dog food, while he fed the other a generic brand from the grocery store. The dog fed on the generic brand gained weight twice as fast as the dog fed the super-premium brand. Because of the difference in these results, the dog enthusiast concluded that the generic brand actually provided nutrition superior to that of the super-premium brand. Each of the following, if true, would weaken the evidence for the dog enthusiast’s conclusion except for which of the following?A．A dog will sometimes gain more weight when eating inferior-quality food because he must eat more of it to obtain the nutrients he needs.B．The dogs were of mixed breeds and appeared to be descended from dogs of different sizes.C．Both dogs ate all of the food given to them at each serving.D．The dog enthusiast did not give the two dogs equal amounts of their respective foods.E．The dog who received the super-premium dog food suffered from a digestive system disorder that hindered his growth.正确答案：C解析：All of the other answers provide alternative reasons that the dogs might show different growth rates, but C offers no explanation for the observed difference in growth.The following questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others. These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.22．A council of ecologists in Hawaii have concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled invasive species on the island chain were arriving in the holds of cargo ships.A．have concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled invasive species on the island chain were arrivingB．has concluded that many of the currently uncontrolled invasive species on the island chain arrivedC．have concluded that many of the currently uncontrolled invasive species on the island chain have arrivedD．concluded that many of the currently uncontrolled invasive species on the island chain would arriveE．has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled invasive species on the island chain had arrived正确答案：B解析：The subject of the sentence is “council,”so the plural verb “have concluded”in A and C is incorrect. The use of the conditional “would arrive”to describe species that are already “currently” on the island is illogical, so D is incorrect.E incorrectly uses “much” to describe the countable noun “species;” countable nouns require “many” instead of “much.”23．Some people say that the answer to crime is to build more prisons, but more sensitive observers argue that instead we should address the sources of crime through reduced poverty, a cut off supply of illicit drugs, and by focusing on keeping kids in school.A．through reduced poverty, a cut off supply of illicit drugs, and by focusing on keeping kids in schoolB．by the reduction of poverty, cutting off the supply of illicit drugs, and to focus on keeping kids in schoolC．by reducing poverty, cutting off the supply of illicit drugs, and focusing on keeping kids in schoolD．by means of reducing poverty, cutting off the supply of illicit drugs, and through focusing on keeping kids in schoolE．to reduce poverty, cut off the supply of illicit drugs, and to focus on keeping kids in school正确答案：C解析：The best answer should present each of the three points in the same grammatical construction, if possible. C presents each point as a gerund modified by a single adverb, which is grammatically correct and stylistically superior to the other options.24．As automobiles replaced horses as the primary means of transportation, it was widely anticipated that the time spent in transit by the average traveler would decrease.A．As automobiles replaced horses as the primary means of transportation, it was widely anticipated thatB．Insofar as automobiles replaced horses as the primary means of transportation, it was anticipated widelyC．With horses being replaced by automobiles as the primary means of transportation, there was wide anticipation thatD．As the primary means of transportation replaced horses with automobiles, many anticipated thatE．Automobiles replacing horses as the primary means of transportation produced anticipation widely that正确答案：A解析：The underlined passage is grammatically correct and stylistically superior to the other choices.25．Intrigued by the new rules that favored quickness over strength, the decision of the coach was to give more playing time to the team’s smaller athletes.A．the decision of the coach was to give more playing time to the team’s smaller athletesB．the coach decided to give the team’s smaller athletes more playing timeC．it was decided by the coach to give the team’s smaller athletes more playing timeD．the team’s smaller athletes were given more playing time by the coachE．more playing time was given to the team’s smaller athletes by the coach正确答案：B解析：The introductory phrase “Intrigued by the new rules” makes sense only when it is applied to the coach, so B is the best answer.26．At ground level, nitrous oxides are bad enough, but when up high,。

GMAT（VERBAL）阅读练习试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.Milankovitch proposed in the early twentieth centurythat the ice ages were caused by variations in the Earth’sorbit around the Sun. For sometime this theory wasconsidered untestable, largely because there was no suffi-(5) ciently precise chronology of the ice ages with whichthe orbital variations could be matched.To establish such a chronology it is necessary todetermine the relative amounts of land ice that existedat various times in the Earth’s past. A recent discovery(10) makes such a determination possible: relative land-icevolume for a given period can be deduced from the ratioof two oxygen isotopes, 16 and 18, found in ocean sedi-ments. Almost all the oxygen in water is oxygen 16, buta few molecules out of every thousand incorporate the(15) heavier isotope 18. When an ice age begins, the conti-nental ice sheets grow, steadily reducing the amount ofwater evaporated from the ocean that will eventuallyreturn to it. Because heavier isotopes tend to be leftbehid when water evaporates from the ocean surfaces,(20) the remaining ocean water becomes progressivelyenriched in oxygen 18. The degree of enrichment canbe determined by analyzing ocean sediments of theperiod, because these sediments are composed of calciumcarbonate shells of marine organisms, shells that were(25) constructed with oxygen atoms drawn from the sur-rounding ocean. The higher the ratio of oxygen 18 tooxygen 16 in a sedimentary specimen, the more land icethere was when the sediment was laid down.As an indicator of shifts in the Earth’s climate, the(30) isotope record has two advantages. First, it is a globalrecord: there is remarkably little variation in isotoperatios in sedimentary specimens taken from differentcontinental locations. Second, it is a more continuousrecord than that taken from rocks on land. Because of(35) these advantages, sedimentary evidence can be datedwith sufficient accuracy by radiometric methods toestablish a precise chronology of the ice ages. The datedisotope record shows that the fluctuations in globalice volume over the past several hundred thousand years(40) have a pattern: an ice age occurs roughly once every100,000 years. These data have established a strongconnection between variations in the Earth’s orbit andthe periodicity of the ice ages.However, it is important to note that other factors,(45) such as volcanic particulates or variations in the amountof sunlight received by the Earth, could potentially haveaffected the climate. The advantage of the Milankovitchtheory is that it is testable: changes in the Earth’s orbitcan be calculated and dated by applying Newton’s laws(50) of gravity to progressively earlier configurations of thebodies in the solar system. Yet the lack of informationabout other possible factors affecting global climate doesnot make them unimportant.1．In the passage, the author is primarily interested in______A．suggesting an alternative to an outdated research methodB．introducing a new research method that calls an accepted theory into questionC．emphasizing the instability of data gathered from the application of a new scientific methodD．presenting a theory and describing a new method to test that theoryE．initiating a debate about a widely accepted theory正确答案：D解析：D is the best answer. In the first paragraph, the author describes Milankovitch”s theory and explains why the theory previously had been considered untestable. In the second and third paragraphs, the author describes a scientific break-through that has made it possible to test and provide support for Milankovitch’s theory. Although the author also mentions other factors that potentially could have affected the Earth’s climate, the passage as a whole is concerned primarily with Milankovitch’s theory and the scientific method that has been used to test that theory. A, C and E do not accurately reflect the content of the passage. Although the passage does describe a new research method supports rather than casts doubt on Milankovitch’s theory.2．The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the Milankovitch theory?A．It is the only possible explanation for the ice ages.B．It is too limited to provide a plausible explanation for the ice ages, despite recent research findings.C．It cannot be tested and confirmed until further research on volcanic activity is done.D．It is one plausible explanation, though not the only one, for the ice ages.E．It is not a plausible explanation for the ice ages, although it has opened up promising possibilities for future research.正确答案：D解析：D is the best answer. In lines 9-16, the author states that a recent discovery has made it possible to establish a precise chronology of the Earth’s ice ages. Scientists have used this discovery to test the basic premise of Milankovitch’s theory —that the ice ages were caused by variations in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. The author notes in lines 53-56 that the data have established a “strong connection”between orbital variation and ice ages, which confirms the plausibility of Milankovitch’s theory. However, one can infer from the last paragraph that the author believes factors other than variations in the Earth’s orbit could provide plausible explanations for global climate change.3．It can be inferred from the passage that the isotope record taken from ocean sediments would be less useful to researchers if which of the following were true?A．It indicated that lighter isotopes of oxygen predominated at certain times.B．It had far more gaps in its sequence than the record taken from rocks on land.C．It indicated that climate shifts did not occur every 100,000 years.D．It indicated that the ratios of oxygen 16 and oxygen 18 in ocean water were not consistent with those found in fresh water.E．It stretched back for only a million years.正确答案：B解析：B is the best answer. The author states that one advantage of obtaining an isotopic record from ocean sediment is that the ocean’s isotopic record is “a more continuous record than that taken from rocks on land”(lines 43-45). Because a continuous record can indicate more precisely when shifts in the Earth’s climate have occurred, the ocean’s isotopic record would be less useful if it had more gaps in it than the record taken from rocks. A describes a circumstance that is in fact true, since oxygen 16 is the lighter isotope and, according to the passage, “Almost all the oxygen in water is oxygen 16”(line 17). This fact clearly has not compromised the usefulness of the ocean’s isotopic record as an indicator of climatic shifts. Likewise, E would not diminish its usefulness, since isotopic records showing “fluctuations in global ice volume over the past several hundred thousands years”have been sufficient to determine a meaningful pattern (lines 49-53). If C were shown to be true, Milankovitch’s theory would be weakened, but this would not diminish the value of the isotopic record. If D were true, researchers would need to accommodate the inconsistency described in evaluating the isotopic record, but, again, this would not compromise the usefulness of the record itself.4．According to the passage, which of the following is true of the ratios of oxygen isotopes in ocean sediments?A．They indicate that sediments found during an ice age contain more calcium carbonate than sediments formed at other times.B．They are less reliable than the evidence from rocks on land in determining the volume of land ice.C．They can be used to deduce the relative volume of land ice that was present when the sediment was laid down.D．They are more unpredictable during an ice age than in other climatic conditions.E．They can be used to determine atmospheric conditions at various times in the past.正确答案：C解析：C is the best answer. Lines 13-16 state that the relative volume of land ice can be deduced from the ratio of oxygen 18 to oxygen 16 in ocean sediments. A, D and E are incorrect because there is no information in the passage to support these statements. B is incorrect because it contradicts lines 43-45, in which the author states that ocean sediment provides “a more continuous record than that taken from rocks on land.”5．It can be inferred from the passage that precipitation formed from evaporated ocean water has______A．the same isotopic ratio as ocean waterB．less oxygen 18 than does ocean waterC．less oxygen 18 than has the ice contained in continental ice sheetsD．a different isotopic composition than has precipitation formed from water on landE．more oxygen 16 than has precipitation formed from fresh water正确答案：B解析：B is the best answer. Lines 23-27 state that when water evaporates from the ocean surface, oxygen 18, a heavier isotope than oxygen 16, tends to be left behind in the remaining ocean water. Thus, one can infer that evaporated ocean water would contain less oxygen 18 than would the remaining ocean water. A is incorrect because it contracts information stated in lines 19-27. C is incorrect because the passage suggests that the water evaporated from the ocean contributes to the growth of continental ice sheets, which should therefore have an isotopic composition similar to that of the precipitation formed from evaporated ocean water. D and E describe information that cannot be inferred from the passage.6．It can be inferred from the passage that calcium carbonate shells______A．are not as susceptible to deterioration as rocksB．are less common in sediments formed during an ice ageC．are found only in areas that were once covered by land iceD．contain radioactive material that can be used to determine a sediment’s isotopic compositionE．reflect the isotopic composition of the water at the time the shells were formed正确答案：E解析：E is the best answer. Lines 29-33 of the passage state that the calcium carbonate shells of marine organisms are constructed with “oxygen atoms drawn from the surrounding ocean.”This water contains varying proportions of oxygen 16 and oxygen 18 and, according to the passage, “becomes progressively enriched in oxygen 18”with the onset of an ice age (lines 19-27). The author states that “The degree of enrichment can be determined by analyzing ocean sediments…composed of calcium carbonate shells of marine organisms (lines 27-31)”. Thus, it can be inferred that the shells of marine organisms would reflect the isotopic composition of the surrounding ocean water at the time when the shells were formed.Many United States companies have, unfortunately,made the search for legal protection from importcompetition into a major line of work. Since 1980 theUnited States International Trade Commission (ITC)(5) has received about 280 complaints alleging damagefrom imports that benefit from subsidies by foreigngovernments. Another 340 charge that foreign compa-nies “dumped”their products in the United States at“less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices(10) are alleged, the simple claim that an industry has beeninjured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.Contrary to the general impression, this quest forimport relief has hurt morecompanies than it hashelped. As corporations begin to function globally, they(15) develop an intricate web of marketing, production, andresearch relationships, The complexity of these relation-ships makes it unlikely that a system of import relieflaws will meet the strategic needs of all the units underthe same parent company.(20) Internationalization increases the danger that foreigncompanies will use import relief laws against the verycompanies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose aUnited States-owned company establishes an overseasplant to manufacture a product while its competitor(25) makes the same product in the United States. If thecompetitor can prove injury from the imports---andthat the United States company received a subsidy froma foreign government to build its plant abroad—theUnited States company’s products will be uncompeti-(30) tive in the United States, since they would be subject toduties.Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITCinvestigated allegations that Canadian companies wereinjuring the United States salt industry by dumping(35) rock salt, used to de-ice roads. The bizarre aspect of thecomplaint was that a foreign conglomerate with UnitedStates operations was crying for help against a UnitedStates company with foreign operations. The “UnitedStates”company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a(40) Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companiesincluded a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was thesecond-largest domestic producer of rock salt.7．The passage is chiefly concerned with______A．arguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporationsB．warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC．demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firmsD．receive from the United States governmentE．advocating the use of trade restrictions for “dumped”products but not for other imports正确答案：B解析：The best answer is B. In the first sentence of the passage, the author characterizes the preoccupation of many United States companies with the search for legal protection from import competition as unfortunate. Then, in lines 12-14, the author explains that the “quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped.”The third paragraph discusses one situation in which United States companies might experience such injury-when import relief laws are used against foreign subsidiaries of United States company-and the last paragraph provides a specific example of this situation. Thus, it can be inferred that the author’s primary concern is to warn about possible unintended negative consequences of applying trade laws.8．It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is which of the following?A．A foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government.B．A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States.C．A foreign competitor is selling products in the United States at less than fair market value.D．The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States.E．The company requesting import relief has been barred from exporting products to the country of its foreign competitor.正确答案：D解析：The best answer is D. Bases for complaints to the International Trade Commission are discussed in the first paragraph. In lines 3-9 the author mentions the two specific kinds of complaints referred to in choices A and C (about imports benefiting from subsidies provided by foreign governments and about “dumping”), but goes on to conclude the paragraph with the comment that “the simple clam that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.”That a “simple claim”is “sufficient grounds to seek relief”suggests that the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC is injury from the sale of imports in the United States, as stated in choice D. The situations in choices B and E are not discussed in the passage.9．The last paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?A．It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of research.B．It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C．It discusses an exceptional case in which the results expected by the author of the passage were not obtained.D．It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.E．It cites a specific case that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraph.正确答案：E解析：The best answer is E. The last paragraph discusses a specific case in which a United States subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate accused a Canadian branch of a United States company of “dumping”rock salt in the United States market. This incident is cited as “the most brazen case”(line 32) of the problem stated in lines 20-22 of the previous paragraph: the use of import relief laws by foreign companies against of U.S. companies. No recommendations, discussion of unexpected results, or additional areas of research or concern are mentioned in the paragraph. Thus, choices A, B, C and D are not correct.10．The passage warns of which of the following dangers?A．Companies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competition.B．Companies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legalcosts that far exceed any possible gain.C．Companies that are United States-owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operate.D．Companies that are not United States-owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.E．Companies in the United States that import raw materials may have to pay duties on those materials.正确答案：D解析：The best answer is D. The “danger”of import relief laws is stated in lines 20-22: “that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect.”Import relief laws are the legal protection referred to in choice D. The passage does not mention the situations described in choice A, B, C, and E.11．The passage suggests that which of the following is most likely to be true of United States trade laws?A．They will eliminate the practice of “dumping”products in the United States.B．They will enable manufacturers in the United States to compete more profitably outside the United States.C．They will affect United States trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D．Those that help one unit within a parent company will not necessarily help other units in the company.E．Those that are applied to international companies will accomplish their intended result.正确答案：D解析：The best answer is D. In lines 16-19 the author warns that it is “unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company.”Thus, it can be inferred that the United States trade laws dealing with import relief will not necessarily help all units of a company, as stated in choice D. There is no indication in the passage that United States trade laws are expected to eliminate dumping, as is stated in choice A. Choice E is no discussion in the passage of the situations mentioned in choice B and C.12．It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about the complaint mentioned in the last paragraph?A．The ITC acted unfairly toward the complainant in its investigation.B．The complaint violated the intent of import relief laws.C．The response of the ITC to the complaint provided suitable relief from unfair trade practices to the complainant.D．The ITC did not have access to appropriate information concerning the case.E．Each of the companies involved in the complaint acted in its own best interest.正确答案：B解析：The best answer is B. In lines 35-38 the author states that “The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate…was crying for help against a United States company…”It can be inferred from lines 20-22 that import relief laws were designed to protect United States companies from foreign competition. Thus, the lodging of a complaint by a foreign conglomerate against a United States company violated the intent of the laws.At the end of the nineteenth century, a rising interestin Native American customs and an increasing desire tounderstand Native American culture prompted ethnolo-gists to begin recording the life stories of Native Amer-(5) ican. Ethnologists had a distinct reason for wanting tohear the stories: they were after linguistic or anthropo-logical data that would supplement their own fieldobservations, and they believed that the personalstories, even of a single individual, could increase their(10) understanding of the cultures that they had beenobserving from without. In addition many ethnologistsat the turn of the century believed that Native Amer-ican manners and customs were rapidly disappearing,and that it was important to preserve for posterity as(15) much information as could be adequately recordedbefore the cultures disappeared forever.There were, however, arguments against this methodas a way of acquiring accurate and complete informa-tion. Franz Boas, for example, described autobiogra-(20) phies as being “of limited value, and useful chiefly forthe study of the perversion of truth by memory,”whilePaul Radin contended that investigators rarely spentenough time with the tribes they were observing, andinevitably derived results too tinged by the investi-(25) gator’s own emotional tone to be reliable.Even more importantly, as these life stories movedfrom the traditional oral mode to recorded writtenform, much was inevitably lost. Editors often decidedwhat elements were significant to the field research on a(30) given tribe. Native Americans recognized that theessence of their lives could not be communicated inEnglish and that events that they thought significantwere often deemed unimportant by their interviewers.Indeed, the very act of telling their stories could force(35) Native American narrators to distort their cultures, astaboos had to be broken to speak the names of deadrelatives crucial to their family stories.Despite all of this, autobiography remains a usefultool for ethnological research: such personal reminis-(40) cences and impressions, incomplete as they may be, arelikely to throw more light on the working of the mindand emotions than any amount of speculation from anethnologist or ethnological theorist from anotherculture.13．Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A．The historical backgrounds of two currently used research methods are chronicled.B．The validity of the data collected by using two different research methods is compared.C．The usefulness of a research method is questioned and then a new method is proposed.D．The use of a research method is described and the limitations of the resultsobtained are discussed.E．A research method is evaluated and the changes necessary for its adaptation to other subject areas are discussed.正确答案：D解析：The best answer is D. The first paragraph of the passage identifies a research method (recording life stories) and explains the method’s uses. The second and third paragraphs explain limitations of the method’s results. The final paragraph explains why the research method is useful despite its limitations. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because only one research method is discussed, not two. Choice E can be eliminate because the passage does not discuss changing the method or adapting it to any other subject area.14．Which of the following is most similar to the actions of nineteenth-century ethnologists in their editing of the life stories of Native Americans?A．A witness in a jury trial invokes the Fifth Amendment in order to avoid relating personally incriminating evidence.B．A stockbroker refuses to divulge the source of her information on the possible future increase in a stock’s value.C．A sports announcer describes the action in a team sport with which he is unfamiliar.D．A chef purposely excludes the special ingredient from the recipe of his prizewinning dessert.E．A politician fails to mention in a campaign speech the similarities in the positions held by her opponent for political office and by herself.正确答案：C解析：The best answer is C. Lines 22-23 suggest that ethnologists “rarely spent enough time with the tribes they were observing.”Ethnologists who did not spend enough time with tribes they were observing were unlikely to be sufficiently familiar with the culture and customs of those tribes. Such ethnologists nevertheless attempted to describe the lives of tribal members. This attempt can be seen as analogous to the announcer’s attempt to describe the actions in a team sport with which he is unfamiliar. Choice A, B, and D can be eliminated because the passage does not suggest ethnologists deliberately withheld information. Choice E is incorrect because the passage does not mention any common ideas or positions held by both the ethnologists and the Native Americans.15．According to the passage, collecting life stories can be a useful methodology because______A．life stories provide deeper insights into a culture than the hypothesizing of academics who are not members of that cultureB．life stories can be collected easily and they are not subject to invalid interpretationsC．ethnologists have a limited number of research methods from which to choose D．life stories make it easy to distinguish between the important and unimportantfeatures of a cultureE．the collection of life stories does not require a culturally knowledgeable investigator正确答案：A解析：The best answer is A, which paraphrases the passage’s assertion that life stores “are likely to throw more light on the working of the mind and emotions than any amount of speculation from an ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another culture”(lines 40-44). Choice B is incorrect because the passage does not assess the difficulty of collecting life stories, and because the second paragraph discusses ways in which life stories became distorted. Choice C is incorrect because the passage does not specify how many research methods are available to ethnologists. Choice D can be eliminated because the third paragraph mentions distortion arising from ethnologists’failure to recognize significant events in life stories. Choice E is incorrect because the second paragraph suggests that life stories would be more useful if collected by culturally knowledgeable investigators.16．Information in the passage suggests that which of the following may be a possible way to eliminate bias in the editing of life stories?A．Basing all inferences made about the culture on an ethnological theoryB．Eliminating all of the emotion-laden information reported by the informant C．Translating the informant’s words into the researcher’s languageD．Reducing the number of questions and carefully specifying the content of the questions that the investigator can ask the informantE．Reporting all of the information that the informant provides regardless of the investigator’s personal opinion about its intrinsic value正确答案：E解析：The best answer is E. In the third paragraph, the passage asserts that editors made their own decisions about which elements of the Native Americans’life stories were important. It can therefore be inferred from the passage that reporting all of an informant’s information would help eliminate bias, because editing had involved subjective judgments about the intrinsic value of the information. Choice A, C, and D can be eliminated because the passage does not attribute bias to failures in adhering to ethnological theory, to translations into the researchers’language, or problems in the numbers and content of question posed. Choice B is not supported because the second paragraph criticizes the emotion of the report, not that of the informant, for introducing bias.17．The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to______A．question an explanationB．correct a misconceptionC．critique a methodologyD．discredit an ideaE．clarify an ambiguity正确答案：C解析：The best answer is C. The passage describes a methodology, explain the methodology’s intended uses, criticizes the methodology’s accurateness and comprehensiveness, and reaffirms the methodology’s usefulness despite its limitations. Thus, the primary purpose of the passage is to evaluate or critique a methodology.18．It can be inferred from the passage that a characteristic of the ethnological research on Native Americans conducted during the nineteenth century was the use of which of the following?A．Investigators familiar with the culture under studyB．A language other than the informant’s for recording life storiesC．Life stories as the ethnologist’s primary source of informationD．Complete transcriptions of informants’descriptions of tribal beliefsE．Stringent guidelines for the preservation of cultural data正确答案：B解析：The best answer is B. Lines 30-32 state that “Native Americans recognized that the essence of their lives could not be communicated in English,”that is, in the language of the ethnologists recording the life stories. Since this statement supports the idea that “much was inevitably lost,”it can be inferred that the informants used a language other than that used to record their life stories. Choice A is incorrect because, in the second paragraph, the investigators are criticized for lacking familiarity with the cultures they studies. Choice C is incorrect because ethnologists recorded life stories to “supplement their own field observations”(lines 7-8). Choice D is incorrect because the passage indicates that life stories were edited; choice E is incorrect because the passage provides no information about guidelines used by the researchers.All of the cells in a particular plant start out with thesame complement of genes. How then can these cellsdifferentiate and form structures as different as roots,stems, leaves, and fruits? The answer is that only a(5) small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell areexpressed, or turned on, at a given time. This is accom-plished by a complex system of chemical messengersthat in plants include hormones and other regulatorymolecules. Five major hormones have been identified:(10) auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, and gibberel-lin. Studies of plants have now identified a new class ofregulatory molecules called oligosaccharins.Unlike the oligosaccharins, the five well-known planthormones are pleiotropic rather than specific, that is,(15) each has more than one effect on the growth and devel-opment of plants. The five has so many simultaneouseffects that they are not very useful in artificiallycontrolling the growth of crops. Auxin, for instance,stimulates the rate of cell elongation, causes shoots to(20) grow up and roots to grow down, and inhibits thegrowth of lateral shoots. Auxin also causes the plant todevelop a vascular system, to form lateral roots, and toproduce ethylene.The。

gmat考试题及答案GMAT考试题及答案1. 问题：在一项研究中，研究人员发现，与不喝咖啡的人相比，每天喝超过五杯咖啡的人心脏病发作的风险增加了50%。

以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述结论？A. 喝咖啡的人通常有更高的胆固醇水平。

B. 喝咖啡的人往往更有可能吸烟。

C. 喝咖啡的人更有可能进行定期体检。

D. 喝咖啡的人比不喝咖啡的人更年轻。

答案：B2. 问题：某公司计划增加其产品线，以吸引更多的客户。

以下哪项是公司在做出这一决策时应该考虑的最重要因素？A. 增加产品线将如何影响公司的生产成本。

B. 增加产品线将如何影响公司的市场份额。

C. 增加产品线将如何影响公司的品牌形象。

D. 增加产品线将如何影响公司的供应链管理。

答案：B3. 问题：一项调查显示，在过去的十年中，城市A的人口增长速度比城市B快。

以下哪项如果为真，最能解释这一现象？A. 城市A有更多的公园和娱乐设施。

B. 城市B有更多的工业污染。

C. 城市A的房价比城市B低。

D. 城市B有更多的高等教育机构。

答案：C4. 问题：某公司计划在海外市场推出新产品。

以下哪项是公司在制定市场进入策略时应该考虑的最重要因素？A. 目标市场的文化差异。

B. 目标市场的法律法规。

C. 目标市场的经济状况。

D. 目标市场的竞争对手。

答案：C5. 问题：一项研究表明，经常进行有氧运动的人比不进行有氧运动的人更健康。

以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述结论？A. 进行有氧运动的人通常更注重健康饮食。

B. 进行有氧运动的人往往更年轻。

C. 不进行有氧运动的人可能由于健康问题而无法运动。

D. 进行有氧运动的人更有可能定期进行体检。

答案：C。

GMAT（VERBAL）逻辑推理模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 2.1．A recent spate of launching and operating mishaps with television satellites led to a corresponding surge in claims against companies underwriting satellite insurance. As a result, insurance premiums shot up, making satellites more expensive to launch and operate. This, in turn, has added to the pressure to squeeze more performance out of currently operating satellites. Which of the following, if true, taken together with the information above, best supports the conclusion that the cost of television satellites will continue to increase?A．Since the risk to insurers of satellites is spread over relatively few units, insurance premiums are necessarily very high.B．When satellites reach orbit and then fail, the causes of failure are generally impossible to pinpoint with confidence.C．The greater the performance demands placed on satellites, the more frequently those satellites break down.D．Most satellites are produced in such small numbers that no economies of scale can be realized.E．Since many satellites are built by unwieldy international consortia, inefficiencies are inevitable.正确答案：C解析：根据短文，卫星事故导致保险索赔大量增加，依次地，提高了保险费。

2023年GMAT考试真题第一部分：数学问题1：某公司2022年销售额为X万元，比上一年增长了25%，请计算2021年该公司的销售额。

解答1：设2021年销售额为Y万元。

根据题意有：X = Y +0.25Y。

化简得到：X = 1.25Y。

解方程可得：Y = X / 1.25。

问题2：已知正方形ABCD的边长为4cm，线段EF平分了BC，且垂直于BC。

求EF的长度。

解答2：由于EF与BC垂直，故BF=FC。

又因为BD=DC=4/2=2cm，所以三角形BDE为等腰直角三角形。

根据勾股定理可得：DE = sqrt(2^2 + (4/2)^2) = sqrt(4 + 4) = sqrt(8) =2sqrt(2) cm。

因此，EF的长度为2DE = 2*2sqrt(2) = 4sqrt(2) cm。

问题3：若a = 3^2^2，b = 2^3^4，c = (ab)^(1/2)，求c的值。

解答3：首先计算a的值：a = 3^2^2 = 3^4 = 81。

然后计算b的值：b = 2^3^4 = 2^81。

由于指数运算满足指数法则，即a^b^c =a^(b*c)，所以b = 2^(3*4) = 2^12。

将a和b的值代入c的表达式可得：c = (81*2^12)^(1/2) = (81*2^12)^(1/2) = sqrt(81*2^12)。

化简得：c = 9*2^6 = 576。

第二部分：语言问题1：选择最佳替代词以完善以下句子：“He is a ______artist and has won numerous awards.”a) talentedb) stubbornc) cautiousd) curious解答1：a) talented。

问题2：填入正确的介词以完善以下句子：“I'm looking forward ______ the weekend.”a) tob) inc) atd) for解答2：a) to。