2021年上海市徐汇区中考物理二模试卷(附答案详解)

2021年广东省中考物理二模试卷1.以下是对微观世界的认识，正确的是()A. 原子是由原子核和绕核运动的中子组成的B. 原子核带负电，电子带正电C. 分子是物体不能再分的最小微粒D. 原子核是由质子和中子组成的2.东莞市政广场是深受广大市民的的消闲参观的好去处，尤其是每天晚上7点开始的音乐喷泉让人们流连忘返。

以下关于音乐喷泉说法正确的是()A. 音乐声是通过空气传播到人耳的B. 在附近办公的人们关紧窗户减少声音干扰，这是在人耳处减弱噪声C. 在较远处就能听见音乐声是因为音乐声的音调高D. 人们能从音乐声中分辨出各种乐器，是通过音调来区分的3.我市“一河两岸”整治工程效果突出，如图是河蜕变后的夜色，一河两岸在光影闪亮中登场，关于夜景灯光，下列说法中正确的是()。

A. 河水中的倒影是光的折射形成的B. 地上树的影子是光的反射形成的C. 远处的光柱，说明光在同种均匀介质中沿直线传播D. 看不到树后面的景物，是由于发生了光的反射4.妈妈做饭时，明明在旁边仔细观察。

联想到许多物理知识，其中不正确的是()A. 手提水桶感觉很累，是因为水桶的重力作用在手上B. 把鸡蛋向碗沿一撞，鸡蛋就破了，利用了力的作用是相互的C. 切菜的菜刀手柄上有凹凸不平花纹是为了增大摩擦D. 静止在水平桌面上的电饭锅受到重力和支持力的作用5.如图所示，是根据探究“水沸腾规律”的实验测得的数据，作出水的温度--时间图象，根据图像，下列说法中正确的是()A. 水的沸点是90℃B. 水在沸腾过程中，温度保持不变C. 第4min到第8min水不吸热D. 第4min到第8min水的内能不变6.如图所示，闭合开关S，将滑片P缓慢向左移动的过程中，下列分析正确的是()A. 电磁铁的磁性变弱B. 弹簧测力计示数将减小C. 电磁铁的上端是N极D. 弹簧测力计示数将增大7.如图甲所示，长方体金属块在细绳竖直向上拉力作用下从水中开始一直竖直向上做匀速直线运动，上升到离水面一定的高度处。

2022年上海市中考物理试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．人体的正常体温为（）A．0℃B．20℃C．37℃D．45℃2．下列粒子中，带负电的是（）A．电子B．中子C．质子D．原子3．“请勿大声喧哗”是指控制声音的（）A．响度B．音调C．音色D．振频4．瀑布从高峰倾泻而下，驱动发动机转动发电，在此过程中，能量转化的顺序为（）A．动能→重力势能→电能B．重力势能→动能→电能C．电能→重力势能→动能D．重力势能→电能→动能5．已知在某物体透过凸透镜在距离透镜25厘米的光屏上成放大的像，若将物体移动到距离凸透镜30厘米处，则此时成（）A．放大的虚像B．正立的虚像C．放大的实像D．缩小的实像6．甲、乙两小车沿同一直线相向而行，其s-t图像如图（a）、（b）所示。

当甲经过P点时，乙刚好经过Q点，再过3秒，甲、乙两车相距4米，则P、Q两点间的距离（）A．可能为8米B．可能为12米C．一定为16米D．一定为20米二、填空题7．一节新干电池的电压是________V，功率为1kW的用电器工作0.5h，消耗的电能为____________度，丹麦物理学家奥斯特发现电流周围存在________________。

8．我们知道温度越____________（选填“高”或“低”），分子运动越剧烈。

我们能够看到山上的石头，这是因为光线照到石头上发生了_______________（选填“反射”或“折射”），太阳光是___________（选填“单色光”或“复色光”）。

9．“天宫一号”飞船逐渐靠近空间站，空间站相对于飞船是__________（选填“静止”或“运动”）的，助推器喷气使飞船的速度变快，这说明力能改变物体的___________，在运动过程中飞船的惯性______________。

（选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”）10．四冲程热机工作过程中，将内能转化为机械能的是____________冲程，李白在《望庐山瀑布》中写道：“日照香炉生紫烟”，这是通过______________（选填“做功”或“热传递”）的方式来改变香炉的内能，加热1千克水，使其温度上升2℃，则加热过程中水吸收的热量为______________焦。

2021年上海市普陀区中考语文二模试卷一、默写（本大题共1小题，共16.0分）1.默写。

无可奈何花落去，______ 。

（《浣溪沙》）（2）______ ，自将磨洗认前朝。

（《赤壁》）参差披拂，______ 。

（《小石潭记》）庭下如积水空明，______ ，盖竹柏影也。

（《记承天寺夜游》）江南春来鸟飞时，可引用《钱塘湖春行》中的诗句“______ ，______ ”描绘这勃勃生机。

二、现代文阅读（本大题共3小题，共50.0分）2.阅读下文，完成问题。

国家速滑馆“冰丝带”① 2022年北京冬奥会开幕在即，位于奥林匹克森林公园，西侧的国家速滑馆“冰丝带”竣工。

“冰丝带”汇聚了诸多具有创新引领性的建筑设计理念和科技成果，在大跨度索网结构屋顶设计和绿色场馆、智慧场馆建设等方面形成新的亮点，树立了体育场馆建设新标杆。

②“冰丝带”外观设计灵感来自于冰雪运动和速度的结合。

外墙曲面有22条特制圆管玻璃由高到低盘旋，犹如22条“冰丝带”飘舞，象征造度滑冰运动员高速滑动时留下的一圈圈风驰电掣的轨迹；“22”这个数字又代表着北京2022年冬奥会的年份，这些都体现了冬奥文化。

③“冰丝带”是目前世界上规楼最大的单层双向正交马鞍形索网屋面体育馆，体现了我国建筑行业的最高水平。

单层索网结构极大地降低了建筑的整体高度，建筑体量得到有效的控制，可以和谐地融入森林公园的整体环境。

索网结构也有效地控制了比赛大厅的空间容积，以节省冰场大空间制冰、除湿、空调等能耗，并为大厅的混响控制提供有利的条件。

同时，通过单层双向正交双曲面索网的设计，实现建筑功能、超级结构、绿色节能与建筑效果协调一致。

④“冰丝带”为实现速滑馆的使用功能采用了全冰面设计，冰面面积近12万平方米，是目前亚洲最大的冰面。

但制冰会产生大量能耗，“冰丝带”创新采用了中国自有的二氧化碳跨临界直冷制冰技术，不仅能完成超大面积制冰，而且充分考量了环保节能的需要。

据介绍，使用相同数量的传统制冷剂的碳排放量，是二氧化碳制冷剂的3985倍。

2021年上海市中考化学试卷1.(2021·上海市·历年真题)下面哪个气体是稀有气体()A. 氦气B. 氮气C. 氯气D. 氧气2.(2021·上海市·历年真题)以下酸性最强的是()A. pH=1B. pH=3C. pH=5D. pH=73.(2021·上海市·历年真题)灼烧氯化钠，火焰呈______ 色。

4.(2021·上海市·历年真题)用氯酸钾制取氧气，下列化学方程式正确的是()A. KClO4−MnO2△KCl+2O2↑ B. KClO3−MnO2△KCl+O2↑C. 2KClO3−MnO2△2KCl+3O2↑ D. 2KClO3− MnO2 2KCl+3O2↑5.(2021·上海市·历年真题)利用如图装置，欲除去X气体中的杂质，对应的Y正确的是()X杂质YA CO2(CO)CuB N2(O2)CuC CO(H2)CuOD H2(H2O)CuOA. AB. BC. CD. D6.(2021·上海市·历年真题)对于t℃时的30%KNO3溶液，下列说法正确的是()A. 均一、稳定、透明B. 每100g水中溶解30gKNO3C. 某种条件下，可转化为悬浊液D. 若再加30g 硝酸钾，则变为60%KNO3溶液7.(2021·上海市·历年真题)对于碱，下列说法正确的是()A. 碱一定含有H元素B. 可使酚酞变红的都是碱溶液C. 所有非金属氧化物都可与碱溶液反应D. 酸与碱反应一定不产生沉淀8.(2021·上海市·历年真题)下列选项中，O2的物理量比N2大的是()A. 一个O2分子和一个N2分子的质量B. 1molO2和1molN2的质量C. 1gO2和1gN2的分子数D. 1molO2和1molN2的分子数9.(2021·上海市·历年真题)CO2是一种常见的物质，回答下列问题：(1)木炭燃烧的化学方程式：______ ；(2)用启普发生器制CO2如图所示，在多孔塑料板上放着的块状固体为______ ；所用HCl的量不宜太多，若液体在反应时，液面处于a处，则关闭弹簧夹时导致的后果是：______ ；(3)实验小组欲制取CaCO3，步骤如图：Ⅰ.步骤①的化学方程式：______ ；Ⅱ.需要加______ 药品，理论上可以不断生成CaCO3，原因是：______ 。

2021年江苏省南通市中考物理二模试卷1.山间公路往往环绕山坡，盘山而上，这样可以使上山的汽车()A. 增大所需的牵引力B. 减小所需的牵引力C. 减小所需的功D. 提高机械效率2.关于能源、材料和粒子，下列说法中正确的是()A. 核能是一种可再生能源，它是未来理想能源的一个重要发展方向B. 地球上除核能、地热能、潮汐能以外，几乎所有能源都来自太阳C. 物理学家麦克斯韦预言并证实了电磁波的存在D. 破镜难以重圆，是因为分子间存在较大的斥力3.《诗经》“蒹葭”一诗中写道：“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”，下列说法正确的是()A. 霜是由露水凝固形成的，“白露为霜”从物理的角度说是正确的B. 露水是霜熔化形成的，“白露为霜”从物理的角度说是正确的C. 露水形成的温度要比霜形成的温度还要低一些D. 要形成霜，一是空气中含有较多的水蒸气，二是有比较冷(0℃以下)的物体4.现代武器中有一种新型电磁炮，它是利用电磁技术制成的一种先进武器，具有速度快，命中率高等特点，它利用了磁场对通电导体的作用。

下列图中与其工作原理相同的是()A. B.C. D.5.南通西站2020年正式开通。

两辆列车如图所示，列车2上的乘客看到列车1正在向东行驶。

如果以地面为参照物，下列情况不可能发生的是()A. 列车2静止，列车1向东行驶B. 列车1静止，列车2向西行驶C. 两车都向东行驶，列车1行驶得较慢D. 两车都向西行驶，列车2行驶得较快6.小明和小红用相同的橡皮泥捏小船，探究谁装的硬币多、如图甲、乙所示分别是小明和小红捏的小船装4枚和6枚一元硬币时放入相同水杯中的情景。

下列分析正确的是()A. 图甲中的小船所受的浮力小B. 两艘小船排开水的重力相等C. 图乙中小船排开水的体积小D. 甲、乙两杯杯底受到水的压强相等7.如图所示，表面粗糙程度一样的斜面与水平面在M点通过小圆弧相连，弹簧左端固定，原长时右端在N点，小物块从斜面上P点由静止滑下，与弹簧碰撞后又返回到位于P点的下方，则下列说法中正确的是()A. 小物块从P向N运动过程中，内能增加B. 小物块到达N点时，动能最大C. 弹簧被压缩的过程中，小物块的速度先增大后减小D. 小物块两次经过M点时的速度相等8.如图所示是小明家的部分电路，他将开关S闭合后，发现L不发光，检测后发现是e点左侧零线断路的缘故。

人教版物理中考模拟试卷测试卷附答案含答案一、中考物理力学问题易错压轴题提优（难）1．阅读短文，回答问题。

2018 年 12 月 9 日，“复兴号”中国标准动车组项目获第五届中国工业大奖。

“复兴号”是由中国铁路总公司牵头组织研制、具有完全自主知识产权并达到了世界先进水平的中国标准动车组。

它全面采用了自动化设计，其车头（“飞龙”）被设计成修长的流线型，可谓颜值爆表，试验速度可达时速 400 公里以上。

“复兴号”轨道采用无砟轨道（砟：是岩石、煤等碎片的意思），普通铁路上常见的枕木被混凝土取代，枕木下的小石头也不见了，而是直接将铁轨铺在一个高强度的混凝土板上。

对于有砟轨道，当列车运行时速达到 250 公里时，那些碎石子就会被掀起来，给列车造成极大的危险。

(1)“复兴号”采用了流线型车头，不仅美观还可以_______；高速行驶时车头对地面的压力_______ ，摩擦力_______；（后两空均选填“增大”或“减小”）(2)将铁轨铺在枕木上，是为了增大路基的_______，从而减小对路基的_______；(3)请你用所学物理知识分析，列车快速行驶过有砟轨道时，那些碎石子会被掀起来的原因：______。

【答案】减小阻力减小减小受力面积压强列车快速行驶过有砟轨道时，路基石子上方的空气流速变大，压强变小，使石子上方的压强小于下方的压强，因此石子会被掀起【解析】【分析】【详解】(1)[1]“复兴号”采用了流线型车头，可以减小空气阻力。

[2][3]高速行驶时车头表面的气体流速比车头底部的气体流速大，压强较小，车头底部的压强较大，会产生一个向上的力，根据受力平衡可知，地面对车头的支持力会变小，力的作用是相互的，那么车头对地面的压力会变小，这个压力变小，那么摩擦力也会变小。

(2)[4][5]将铁轨铺在枕木上，是为了增大路基的受力面积，根据FpS可知，在压力一定时，路基受到的压强会变小。

(3)[6]流体流速大，压强小。

列车快速行驶过有砟轨道时，路基石子上方的空气流速变大，压强变小，使石子上方的压强小于下方的压强，会产生一个向上的升力，因此石子会被掀起。

2021年上海市虹口区中考英语二模试卷1.John was elected monitor of one class and took place of Jerry.（）A. aB. anC. theD. /2.As I was not familiar the roads. I often asked the policeman for help.（）A. toB. withC. inD. along3.Miss Guo suggested we should search for some about space online.（）A. informationB. instructionC. suggestionD. idea4.With our help, the lost dog came back to home at last.（）A. itB. itsC. itselfD. it's5.Learning is a lifelong journey because it brings us new every day.（）A. somethingB. anythingC. nothingD. everything6.Mary doesn't dress herself up as as he's older sister. She needs more practice.（）A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best7.Jane, you leave all your toys on the bed. What a mess!（）A. mustn'tB. needn'tC. may notD. should8.The famous writer said he writing the third detective novel by the end of last month.（）A. has finishedB. would finishC. finishedD. had finished9.Our aim is better education to the children in poor areas.（）A. offerB. to offerC. offeredD. offers10.In my opinion, we should get used to serving chopsticks when we have meals together.（）A. useB. usedC. usingD. uses11. A number of volunteers will for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.（）A. be neededB. are neededC. are needingD. be needing12.The little girl is afraid of making mistakes in front of strangers, she seldom speaks inpublic.（）A. forB. orC. soD. but13.We will make fewer mistakes __________ we are careful enough.（）A. as long asB. so thatC. as far asD. even if14.Few of the students in this school have been abroad before, （）A. have theyB. haven't theyC. do theyD. did they15.--- do we read the questions carefully before answering them-- To get the right answers.（）A. HowB. WhatC. WhichD. WhyA good joke can be hardest thing to understand when studying a foreign language. As arecent（1）______ in The Guardian newspaper noted, "There's more to understanding a joke in a foreign language than understanding vocabulary and grammar."Being able to understand jokes is hard for a language learner（2）______ to formfriendships with native speakers. "I always felt that humor was a ceiling （天花板）thatI could never（3）______ through." Hannah Ashley, a public relations manager in London,who once studied Spanish in Madrid, told The Guardian, "I could never speak to people on the same（4）______ as I would speak to a native English speaker, I was almost a boring person because all I could talk about was facts."In fact, most of the time, jokes are only funny for people who share a cultural（1）______ or understand humor in the same way. Chinese-American comedian Joe Wong found this out firsthand. He had （2）______ huge success in the US，but when he returned to China for his first live show in Beijing, he discovered that people didn't think his Chinese jokes were as funny as his English ones.In Australia, many foreigners find understanding jokes about sports to be the biggestheadache. "The hardest jokes are related to rugby（橄榄球）because I know nothing about rugby,"said Melody Cao, who was once a student in Australia. "When I heard jokes Ididn't get, I just laughed（3）______ ."In the other two major English-speaking countries, the（4）______ of humor is also different. British jokes seem to be more subtle and dark, while American jokes are more obvious（明显的）with their meanings, a bit like Americans themselves.16.Those old photos brought back a lot of pleasant ______ to us. （memory）17.Although Alice only won the ______ place in the writing contest, we were still proud ofher. （five）18.Walt Disney created a lot of ______ characters in his cartoons. （forget）19.Playing computer games for too long does harm to people's ______ and mental health.（physics）20.It's necessary for students to learn to ______ relationships and communicate with others inthe team. （development）21.We must make it known to all that loving ______ is loving ourselves. （natural）22.Some officers turned into livestreamers（网络主播）to help ______ farmers to sell theirproducts. （locate）23.5G technology will be ______ used in our daily life in the near future. （wider）24.Both of the twin sisters were fond of reading detective stories.（改为否定句）______ of the twin sisters ______ fond of reading detective stories.25.Jim will come back from his vacation in two or three days. （对划线部分提问）______ ______ will Jim come back from his vacation26.He spends most of his money on stamps because they are his favourite.（改为被动语态）Most of his money ______ on stamps because they are his favourite.27.We can't throw the used batteries away. We should collect them for special treatment.（两句合并成一句）We should collect the used batteries for special treatment ______ throwing them away.28.We thought of a good method to solve the problem in the end.（保持句意不变）We ______ with a good method to solve the problem in the end.29.The manager asked Martin, "Are you busy working on a new computer game"（改为宾语从句）The manager asked Martin ______ he ______ busy working on a new computer game. 30.helped, the scientists' lecture, many secrets of ocean, the young, learn about（连词成句）______ .G1Imagine if your journey to work was from your bedroom to your living room. More and more people in the UK are doing their jobs at home.Baz works as an engineer in a West London factory. He's been an engineer since he left school - but he's not very optimistic about his future. Heavy industry in the UK has almost disappeared. More people work in Indian restaurants than in steel, coal and shipbuilding put together! Baz also often gets tired of his long journey to work. Whether he travels by car or by public transport, it can take up to two hours a day.His sister, Liz, lives in the north of England. She's an Information Technology （IT）trainer at a college. Once every four weeks, she meets her trainees in person, but most of her training isdone through IT.Baz's wife, Helen, seldom travels to work at all. She's a graphic designer for a London advertising company. Once she's got the children off to school, she starts work in front of her computer screen. She's currently designing publicity material for a major London festival. When she's finished her designs, she sends them electronically to her director. He works from home too -occasionally they meet up for a coffee.Most people in the UK，like Baz, spend hours travelling to work - and complain about it, too. But an increasing number of people work as telecommuters，like Helen or Liz. Almost all of their work is done online or by phone. There are a million telecommuters in the UK，about 10 percent of the workforce.31.Heavy industry has almost disappeared, so ______ .A. more people work in steelB. more people work in restaurantsC. more people work in coalD. more people work in ship-building32.According to the text, Liz mainly does some training ______ .A. at a collegeB. in personC. through ITD. by phone （3）______ would say, "With three kids, working from home means I haveto keep the balance of my work and personal lives." A.Baz B. Liz C. Helen D. The writer33.The underlined word "telecommuters" means ______ .A. people who work at home with the help of a phone and the networkB. people who send messages over long distances by telephone, radio, television, etc.C. people who speak to each other using telephone and video connectionsD. people who take photos for people from different places to make a living34.Which of the following will most probably be discussed in the next paragraph______A. What are the advantages of working at homeB. What can people gain from traveling to workC. What are people busy making a living for？D. Why do telecommuters need their own organization？35.What would be the best title for the text？______A. Baz, Liz and HellenB. A new way of workingC. Jobs in the futureD. Technology creates new jobsB.Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文）My tae known do（跆拳道）instructor stood in front of me, with the board in his hands. "Just tell me when you are ready," he said.I had to break it. That（1）______ was ringing around inside my head. Break it!I stepped back for a（2）______ . I got in a good stance（姿势），and then spun（旋转）around backwards, doing a complete turn, and brought my heel（脚后跟）up on the edge of the board.The thin brown carpet was hurting my feet. The lights filled the room with heat. Everything was silent. My classmates sat there, looking at me. I had never broken a board before, although I had tried several times. Even a boy who was two years younger than me had broken one, and he always（3）______ that I knew it.My white uniform made small noises as I moved, the baggy pants and jacket didn't keep me from sweating. I felt hot."OK"，I whispered, and with one last deep breath I kicked my heel（4）______ the hard wood.I stepped back, the board was still in one piece.My instructor said, smiling, "You have to go through the board. Try it again."I was（5）______ people telling me to go through the board. They sounded as if I wasn't trying!I tried again. But again, I couldn't break it. I hadn't ever cracked（破开）it! I felt tears filling in my eyes. I wouldn't make everyone disappointed. I wouldn't make myself disappointed. "Almost," my instructor told me. "Try it just one more time."One more chance. That was all I got. "I'll show you, Mr. Board. I'll do it," I whispered.I spun around. I kicked the board. I heard a loud cracking sound and then my foot went through the board! My instructor was（6）______ the two pieces high and smiling.36. A. suggestion B. thought C. feeling D. answer37. A. kick B. change C. strike D. hit38. A. had no idea B. made sure C. heard of D. showed off39. A. through B. on C. across D. against40. A. getting ride of B. getting ready forC. getting into the habit ofD. getting tired of41. A. picking out B. picking up C. putting up D. putting down42.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给）With equal opportunities, women are able to choose their own ideal jobs. If a 9 to 5 office job isn't your style, consider the following （1）f ______ fun jobs available.• Wedding（婚礼）plannerWhile some women dream of their wedding day, others grow up to be wedding planners.（2）B ______ chances are available, as more than 2 million weddings take place in the United States each year with an （3）a ______ spend of more than ＄1，000 per wedding for a wedding planner.• Disney characterImagine being paid to be a princess. For many women working at the Disney resorts, that is（4）e ______ what they do. The Walt Disney Company wants look-alikes to play the role of Disney characters, like Cinderella, at its Disneyland and Disney World resorts.• Personal shopperIf you love to shop, particularly when you are spending someone else's money, then you should consider （5）b ______ a personal shopper. Personal shoppers meet theircustomers' （6）n ______ ，lifestyles, likes and dislikes and then put that knowledge to use by buying their clothing and accessories. Although the job does have a few drawbacks （缺点），like fussy customers, says that "mostly, it's a pretty good time."• Doggy daycareWomen who love （7）a ______ might think about opening a doggy daycare center. You can spend your days playing with dogs, before sending them home at the end of the day.43.Read the passage below and answer the following question.（根据文章内容回答下列问题）One mom is thanking Target for an amazing reason.Jamie Sumner and her 6-year-old son, Charlie,walked into Target last week to get some coffee. Their ordinary shopping trip turned rather special when Charlie, who has cerebral palsy（脑瘫）and uses a wheelchair, saw an advertisement in the kids' clothing section that made him smile.The advertisement describes a young boy around Charlie's age wearing a sweater and laughing. Nothing seemed very out of the ordinary until Sumner saw that the boy in theadvertisement was using a walker（助行架）."I stopped because I had never seen 'our normal'in such a place," the mother of threechildren wrote in a blog post.Sumner wrote that she started crying right there in the middle of Target."I watched Charlie watch the sign. And it was beautiful," she wrote. "Yes, I started crying in the aisle. Yes, other people stopped and looked. And then they looked at the sign and they smiled. It was such an unexpected moment of connectedness among strangers in the middle of Target in the middle of a week on an otherwise ordinary day."She and Charlie walked past the sign three times before they went out of Target."It sounds like such a small thing, but for us it is a nod from the world that we are being supported," she wrote. "It's just the beginning, I hope. I hope more disabilities and special needs pop up in clothing advertisements and commercials and on mainstream TV. But for now, I am so grateful to Target for______.How many children does Sumner have？She ______ .According to the text, what is Target？______ .What made the boy in the advertisement special______ .What does the underlined part 'our normal' in the fourth paragraph refer to______ .Why did Sumner cry there？______ .Complete the last sentence.But for now, I'm so grateful to Target for ______ .44.Write at least 60 words on the topic "I'd like to get close to …"（以"我想要走近……"为题写一篇不少于60 个词的短文，标点符号不占格。

2021年上海市普陀区中考化学二模试卷1.属于稀有气体的物质是()A. 氧气B. 氮气C. 氦气D. 水蒸气2.属于化学变化过程的是()A. 钢铁生锈B. 冰川融化C. 矿石粉碎D. 空气液化3.灼烧时，火焰呈紫色的物质是()A. Cu(NO3)2B. K2SO4C. CaCl2D. NaHCO34.常温时，下列液体呈碱性的是()A. 食盐水B. 白醋C. 石灰水D. 碳酸饮料5.N2O5中N的化合价为()A. −3B. +2C. +3D. +56.属于有机物的是()A. 碳酸钾B. 碳−60C. 酒精D. 一氧化碳7.与氧气互为同素异形体的物质是()A. 液氧B. 臭氧C. 空气D. 双氧水8.有关物质的用途，利用其化学性质的是()A. 盐酸除铁锈B. 干冰作制冷剂C. 金刚石切割玻璃D. 活性炭作吸附剂9.有关硫在氧气中燃烧的现象，描述正确的是()A. 火星四射B. 产生蓝紫色火焰C. 发出耀眼白光D. 生成黑色固体10.把木柴架空后燃烧，主要是为了()A. 使木柴与空气充分接触B. 方便添加木柴C. 提高空气中氧气的浓度D. 降低木柴的着火点11.化学实验室的药品需分类存放，生石灰应存放的橱柜编号是()A. AB. BC. CD. D12.有关(NH4)2SO4的说法，正确的是()A. 名称：硫化铵B. 组成：含两种原子团C. 溶解性：难溶于水D. 用途：可作钾肥13.碳与氧化铜反应的化学方程式，书写正确的是()A. C+2CuO− 高温  2Cu+CO2 B. C+CuO− 高温 Cu+CO2↑C. C+2CuO=2Cu+CO2↑D. C+2CuO− 高温 2Cu+CO2↑14.实验室某废液中只含有硫酸铜和硫酸锌，为回收铜，设计实验如图。

有关说法正确的是()A. Ⅰ和Ⅱ中反应的基本类型不同B. Y和Z中所含溶质的种类相同C. Ⅰ中的锌用镁代替可以达到实验目的D. Ⅱ中加入一定量稀硫酸后，不再有气泡产生，此时稀硫酸已过量15.可鉴别氢氧化钠溶液和碳酸钠溶液的试剂是()A. 酚酞溶液B. 铁粉C. 氢氧化钡溶液D. 盐酸16.有关复分解反应的说法，一定正确的是()A. 反应物均为化合物B. 产生沉淀C. 元素存在形态改变D. 生成盐和水17.在一定量的氢氧化钠溶液中逐滴加入稀硫酸，相关量的变化关系如图所示。

2021年上海市金山区中考英语二模试卷1.Before riding your E-bike, do yourself favour and wear a helmet（头盔）.（）A. aB. anC. theD. /2. A sandstorm swept across Beijing the morning of March 15，turning the sky yellow.（）A. inB. onC. atD. for3.When returning to the school, the old teacher was shown around by a student of .（）A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself4.-Which of the two T-shirts will you take-I'll take ，one is for my father, the other for my brother.（）A. eitherB. neitherC. bothD. all5.The students are doing in English than before with their teacher's help.（）A. betterB. bestC. wellD. good6.Your health is thing in your life.（）A. importantB. more importantC. most importantD. the most important7.She encouraged us more confidence in learning English in the new semester.（）A. haveB. havingC. hadD. to have8.______ you have made up your mind to lose weight,you'd better eat less in the evening.（）A. SinceB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. Until9.Finland the happiest country in the world the last four years.（）A. has namedB. has been namedC. namedD. was named10.Don't give up working hard, you will never achieve anything in your life.（）A. soB. orC. butD. and11.The winter is coming. Ants are really busy for food for the winter.（）A. lookB. lookingC. lookedD. to look12.Baiji dolphins（白鱀豚）in the Yangtze River for 20 million years. But now, they havenearly disappeared.（）A. liveB. livedC. have livedD. had lived13.It heavily when we arrived at Hongqiao Railway Station yesterday afternoon.（）A. is rainingB. was rainingC. will rainD. would rain14.It's so late. I'm afraid I go and make a phone call to my family.（）A. mustB. canC. mayD. could15.Nowadays, few people use cameras to take photos, ？（）A. are theyB. aren't theyC. do theyD. don't they16. A. looked at B. confused C. warmly D. grew up E. sharingDear Ms. Librarian,I don't know if you still remember me. Perhaps you don't. Afterall, I am only one of the many people, at one time or another, that you have helped.I don't remember your face as clearly as I wish I could, but I do remember how you（1）______ me. I was nine years old and standing at your desk, not for a book but for hope, fora path forward.I remember that you smiled at me（2）______ . I just felt I was safe staying with you.You were always there-a kind, supportive adult. When I asked you a question, you would do your best to patiently answer it. When I felt（3）______ because life seemed to be harder than I had imagined it could be, I would go to you. You would always calm me down by（4）______ your love for books with me. You would always help me find a way out.17. A.offered B. medicine C. lucky D. the others E. additionI don't know how to thank you enough, but I'll try. Thank you for letting me understandthat books can be like（1）______ . Thank you for knowing that sometimes, people come to you not for books at all. You are not just a librarian. You are also a carer, a socialworker, a teacher, among the many other roles you have served in your time.How（2）______ I was to meet you! It's you who completely changed my life. I am grateful for all the help you have（3）______ .On behalf of the little girl I was and all（4）______ like me for whom you have provideda book-and hope, thank you.18.Would you like to go to one of the best ______ in the world？（university）19.Cooking is my favorite. Seeing others eating ______ makes me satisfied.（happy）20.Now more and more parents have realized the ______ of outdoor play.（important）21.Thanksgiving Day is on the ______ Thursday in November.（four）22.You can ______ on Jane---She always keeps her promises.（independent）23.Tom, be ______ not to wake up the sleeping baby.（careless）24.The ______ of the Cassette Tape（盒式磁带），Lou Ottens, dies at the age of 94.（invent）25.When I feel nervous, I always take a deep breath and say to ______ ，"I can try."（I）26.Beyonce expressed her pride in being "black" through the song.（改为一般疑问句）______ Beyonce ______ her pride in being "black" through the song27.I go to see my grandparents twice a week．（对划线部分提问）____________do you go to see your grandparents28."When will you see the flower exposition？"She asked me.（改为带有宾语从句的复合句）She asked me when ______ see the flower exposition.29.Yesterday morning I woke up only after the alarm clock rang.（保持句意基本不变）Yesterday morning I ______ wake up ______ the alarm clock rang.30.Since you are not a child any longer, you should behave like an adult.（保持原句意思不变）Since you are ______ a child, you should behave like an adult.31.Water covers most of the Earth's surface.（改为被动语态）Most of the Earth's surface ______ by water.32.your, mum, remember, the housework, to, help, with（连词成句）______G1Andy's South American______ March 16 th, 6 p.m. Today is ourlast day in La Paz, the capital of Bolivia. Tomorrow Max and I aregoing to Coroico, a town about 60 kilometers from here. We'retaking a bus along the North Yungas Road, also known as " Death Road " . It goes along steep hillsides and cliffs. People call it the most dangerous road in the world! There are hundreds of accidents on it every year.March 17 th, 9 a.m.I've found out more about the North Yungas Road. It's only about 3 meters wide, and in some parts there's drop of at least 600 meters. That's more than half a kilometer! There's no barrier（屏障）along the side of the road. And there's often rain or fog, which makes iteven more dangerous.I found out another thing. Here in Bolivia, they drive on the right side of the road. But on the North Yungas Road, they drive on the left. Why？Because this means that the drive on the dangerous side of the road can see the edge of the road more easily. The driver's seat is on the left side of the bus, so the driver is close to the edge. Our bus leaves in one hour!March 17 th, 8 p.m.We got to Coroico safely. It was terrifying sometimes! But there was no rain or fog. Our driver told us the road is safer than it used to be, and he's driven it many times before. He didn't drive fast, and we never went too close to the edge. Thank you, Mr. Bus Driver!33.Which of the following is the best to be filled in the title？______A. travel blogB. friendC. letterD. notice34.Andy took a trip in Bolivia ______ .A. by car aloneB. on footC. with his friend MaxD. with his driver35.The North Yungas Road, is known as" ______ ".A. CoroicoB. Mr. Bus DriverC. the capital of BoliviaD. Death Road36.In paragraph 2 itrefers to ______ here.A. driving on the North Yungas RoadB. travelling in Bolivia in South AmericaC. the town CoroicoD. the weather on the road37.The underlined word terrifying in Paragraph 4 most probably means ______ .A. rather freezingB. extremely frighteningC. very comfortableD. really enjoyable38.The text above is written to ______ .A. thank Andy's driverB. introduce the most dangerous roadC. tell people not to travel to Coroico in BoliviaD. describe Andy's experience on the North Yungas RoadHabits of Successful Language Learners As a language learner, you are not alone. About 1.2 billion people worldwide are learning a（1）______ language. However, not all of them enjoy success. We talked to hundreds of successful Language learners. They shared with us some of their habits.One key to long-term success is working towards the goal（2）______ . Most successful language learners make sure to spend a few minutes practicing every day. We also studied some"nine-to-fivers（朝九晚五）". These language learners practice their language only in class. In the long run, they show much（3）______ progress than those who practice daily. They are also more likely to"drop out".The second habit of successful language learners is that they don't "binge study（临时抱佛脚）". Instead, they make progress through a number of short study sessions over a longer period of time.Learners who practice now and then for a marathon to catch up are more likely to give up altogether.Some language learners always want to learn as much new material as they can. But it has been proved that one gradually forgets what he or she has learned over time. Let's be honest：Do you still remember all the English words and expressions you learned last year Successful language learners（4）______ the old material regularly. Regular revision turns yourshort-term memory into long-term memory.Are you having a hard time improving your English Then you may try to（5）______ these three habits. Don't worry if it takes time. Mastering a second language is a long（6）______ --it should take time!39. A. ancient B. modern C. official D. foreign40. A. sooner or later B. all the timeC. over and overD. in a hurry41. A. slower B. faster C. further D. better42. A. go over B. take away C. collect D. produce43. A. break B. change C. develop D. kick44. A. program B. process C. history D. life45.On my father's birthday, my parents and I went out for dinner. The restaurant was brightlylit and very noisy, with lots of diners. Waiters move （1）b ______ between the tables.We had just ordered our meals when suddenly all the lights in the restaurant went out. The place went completely dark. All the conversations in the restaurant（2）s ______ for a moment, and then everybody started talking together.'What's happened to the lights？''Ooh, it's a blackout!'Some people laughed, and other seemed a little （3）w ______ .Then the restaurant manager came in, holding a candle. He spoke to all the diners,'Ladies and gentlemen, I am very sorry for this. Our power has gone out. The power has gone out across the whole neighbourhood, and we don't know when it will be restored. Please be （4）p ______ . Our waiters will bring candles so that you can continue with your evening.'The waiters came in with lit candles and placed them on the tables. One of the dinersasked,‘What about our meals？''Don't worry, sir,' replied the manager.'Fortunately, we use gas in our kitchen, not （5）e ______ ，so the chef can continue cooking all your meals. Once again, ladies andgentlemen, I（6）a ______ .'My father said to me,'let's go out the street and take a look.'He and I went out of the front door and looked up and down the street. Sure enough, it was in total darkness.We went back in and sat at the table with my mother. Our faces were lit up by thecandlelight.The waiter brought our meals and we started eating.'You know, I don't mind this at all.'said Dad. He looked around at the restaurant.'It's quite pretty! And I feel（7）s ______ ---I'm having a birthday dinner by candlelight!''You always look on the right side!'said Mum. We all laughed.46.Mark Twain is one of the most quoted authors ever. There are hundreds of his quotations（语录）in books on posters and on websites. Here is an example："If you tell the truth, you don't have to remember anything."---Mark Twain.Quotations like this one give us guidance. It reminds us that telling a lie is much moredifficult than telling the truth. Telling a lie means you have to remember what you said each time you tell the lie. If you tell the truth, there is nothing to remember. He suggests that you shouldn't lie not because it is wrong, but because it is hard work. Here is another example."Always obey your parents when they are present."---Mark TwainAgain, the quotation give good advice---to always obey your parents, but the humorous part is when they are present. The quotation tells you to obey your parents when they are there with you---because they can see what you are doing.Albert Einstein's quotations are also popular. Many of his quotations are inspirational（鼓舞人心的）. This means that they help us to do our best and be the best person we can be.Here is an example："Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning."---Albert EinsteinThis is a much more serious quotation than the two Mark Twain ones. It gives us a lot to think about. Also, because this was said by Albert Einstein, it makes us want to take the quotation serious. This quotation gives us hope that that we can learn from any mistake we made yesterday. It reminds us to always look closely at everything we do and ask the right questions to help us achieve our best.Where are Mark Twain's quotations always used？______Telling a lie is easier than telling the truth, isn't it？______According to Mark Twain, why should we always obey our parents when they are present？______What does"Learn from yesterday."in Albert Einstein's quotation really mean______What's the purpose of not to stop questioning______Among the three quotations above, which one impresses（印象）you most？Why？______ 47.Write at least 60 words on the topic"Keep your mind open".（以"敞开心扉/心胸开阔" 为题，写一篇至少60 个单词的短文，标点符号不占格.）在生活中，你对你的生活满意吗？不满意的话，是什么原因呢？如果我们能以开阔的胸怀面对不同的事物，从不同的角度去思考问题，可能会得到意想不到的收获。

2020-2021学年上海市徐汇区九年级（上）期末物理试卷（一模）一、单选题（本大题共10小题，共20.0分）1.下列物理量中，能影响导体电阻大小的是()A. 电流B. 电压C. 电功率D. 材料2.物理学习活动卡由25张纸装订成册，则它的质量约为()A. 0.15千克B. 1.5千克C. 5千克D. 15千克3.生活中很多装置运用了物理知识，利用大气压工作的是()A. 液位计B. 密度计C. 吸尘器D. 订书机4.图钉的钉帽宽大，钉针尖细。

对此，下列说法中正确的是()A. 钉针尖细可增大压强B. 钉帽宽大可增大压强C. 钉针尖细可增大压力D. 钉帽宽大可减小压力5.教室中若关掉一盏灯，则教室电路的()A. 总电压变大B. 总电阻变小C. 总功率变大D. 总电流变小6.如图所示，质量分布均匀的长方体用几种不同的方法切去一半，剩余的一半留在桌面上。

切割后，桌面受到的压强大小减小一半的是()A. B.C. D.7.如图所示为研究液体内部压强的实验情景，玻璃容器底端扎上相同的橡皮薄膜，竖直放置后注入适量的水。

若玻璃容器的形状和底面积大小不同(S a=S b=S c<S d)，以下结论中无法得出的是()A. 液体同一深度处的压强相等B. 液体内部存在着向各个方向的压强C. 液体对容器底部的压强不受容器形状的影响D. 液体对容器底部的压强不受容器底面积大小的影响8.甲、乙两只完全相同的杯子里盛有水和盐水。

将一只鸡蛋先后放入其中，当鸡蛋静止时，两杯中液面相平，鸡蛋所处的位置如图所示。

甲、乙两杯底部所受液体的压强分别为p甲、p乙，鸡蛋在甲、乙两杯中受到的浮力分别为F甲、F乙，则()A. p甲>p乙，F甲=F乙B. p甲<p乙，F甲=F乙C. p甲>p乙，F甲>F乙D. p甲<p乙，F甲<F乙9.在如图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变。

现将电压表并联在电路中，闭合开关S，移动滑动变阻器滑片P过程中，电压表V示数与电流表A示数变化量的比值变大，则电压表并联位置和滑动变阻器滑片P移动方向正确的是()A. 电压表并联在电阻R1两端，滑片P向右移动B. 电压表并联在电阻R2两端，滑片P向右移动C. 电压表并联在电阻R1两端，滑片P向左移动D. 电压表并联在电阻R2两端，滑片P向左移动10.如图所示，形状、体积相同的长方体容器甲、乙置于水平地面，盛有体积相同的a、b两种液体，其密度为ρa和ρb。

2012学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷初三年级理化学科（满分共150分 100分钟完成） 2013.4物 理 部 分考生注意：1、选择题中只有一个选项正确，请用2B 铅笔在答题纸的相应位置填涂。

2、答题时，考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置作答，在本试卷上答题无效。

一、选择题（共16分）1．春夏秋冬四季平均气温各不相同，今天你所在教室的气温最接近A ．0℃B ．20℃C ．40℃D ．50℃ 2．依据卢瑟福的原子行星模型理论，在原子中绕核高速运转的是A ．质子B ．中子C ．电子D ．核子3．光线从空气斜射入水中，折射角是30º，则入射角可能是A ．0ºB ．25ºC ．30ºD ．45º4．教室里日光灯的连接方式与额定电压分别是A ．并联、220伏B ．串联、220伏C ．并联、1.5伏D ．串联、1.5伏5．物体在离凸透镜15厘米处的光屏上产生一个清晰、缩小的像，则凸透镜的焦距可能是A ．5厘米B ．10厘米C ．15厘米D ．30厘米6．甲、乙两物体同时同地同方向开始做匀速直线运动，甲的速度大于乙的速度，它们的s -t 图像为图1所示a 、b 、c 三条图线中的两条，运动5秒甲、乙间的距离小于2米，则A. 甲的s-t 图一定为图线aB. 甲的s-t 图可能为图线cC. 乙的s-t 图可能为图线bD. 乙的s-t 图一定为图线cV 1 图2R 1R 2 AS V 2 图110 t /秒6 8 4 2 0 48as /米26b c7．在图2所示的电路中，电源电压不变，闭合电键S ，则A ．电压表V 2的示数将增大B ．电压表V 1示数与电压表V 2示数的比值将不变C ．电压表V 1的示数将减小D ．电压表V 1示数与电流表A 示数的乘积将变大8.甲、乙两块砖体积相同，长、宽、高之比是4∶2∶1，已知ρ甲＜ρ乙，现将它们按图3所示方法叠放在水平地面上，则上面砖块对下面砖块的压强与下面砖块对地面的压强可能相等的是二、填空题（共26分）9．太阳系中有很多星球，其中太阳属于 （1） ，月球属于 （2） （均选填“恒星”、“行星”或“卫星”）。

2021年上海市闵行区中考语文二模试卷一、默写（本大题共1小题，共16.0分）1.默写。

二十余年如一梦，______ 。

（《临江仙•夜登小阁，忆洛中旧游》）（2）______ ，江入大荒流。

（《渡荆门送别》）水击三千里，______ ，去六月息者也。

（《北冥有鱼》）（4）______ ，浓睡不消残酒。

（《如梦令》）人们常常用《望岳》中的诗句“______ ，______ ”来激励年轻人要勇于挑战困难，胸怀雄视一切的气概。

二、现代文阅读（本大题共2小题，共38.0分）2.阅读下文，完成问题。

闻香识玫瑰杨先碧①如果有人蒙上我们的眼睛，并递上了一束鲜花，我们可以闻到诱人的芳香，却有可能说不出花的名字。

睁开眼一看，原来是一束玫瑰。

那么，人工智能嗅觉是否能根据香味识别出玫瑰？未来的人工智能对嗅觉意味着什么？②美国加州大学河滨分校的研究人员利用机器学习来破解化学物质的气味。

这项研究的成果在食品和香料行业有潜在应用。

在日常用品中，一些散发香味的物质可能有毒或有刺激性。

我们要寻找更安全、更天然或更温和的物质来代替它们。

现在，我们可以使用人工智能来辨识天然或人工化学物质的气味。

③或许有人说，我们可以请人去闻啊。

但是，与人工智能相比，人的效率和精确度实在太低。

人工智能每分钟可以筛选数百种化学物质，而且能给出相对精确的气味参数，这种能力即使是鼻子最灵敏的人也远远无法与之相比。

况且，让人去闻各种各样安全性不确定的气味，也可能对健康带来伤害。

④目前，生理学家已经解开了人类嗅觉奥秘。

美国加州大学研究团队在人类嗅觉原理的基础上，利用信息学和机器学习的研究成果来定立人工智能嗅觉模型。

他们首先开发了一种智能程序，可以让机器学习人类气味感受器的运作方法。

然后，他们为人工智能嗅觉安排了多达约100万种化学物质进行气味测试，并不断调整参数，直到人工智能嗅觉可以进行精确的测量、在最近的一次测试中，人工智能嗅觉可以闻出玫瑰的香味，而且还能根据香味的细微差异来判断玫瑰的品种。

2021-2022学年上海市闵行区七宝中学A班高二（上）期中物理试卷一、单选题（本大题共12小题，共36.0分）1.下列属于静电防止的是()A. 静电复印B. 静电除尘C. 静电喷涂D. 避雷针2.下列涉及能量变化的过程中，不属于单向性过程的是()A. 摩擦生热B. 简谐振动C. 热传递D. 气体自由膨胀3.关于能量，下列叙述中正确的是()A. 每个分子的内能等于它的势能和动能的总和B. 自然界中每种物质的运动形式都有其相对应的能C. 能量发生转移或转化时，一定伴有做功的过程D. 物体的内能变化时，它的温度一定发生变化4.当两分子间距变化时分子势能变大了，则可以判定在此过程()A. 分子间距一定变大B. 分子力一定增大C. 分子力一定做了功D. 分子力一定是引力5.如图，在一个点电荷Q附近的a、b两点放置检验电荷。

则检验电荷的受力F与其电荷量q的关系图中正确的是()A. B.C. D.6.某同学用如图装置“研究一定质量气体在体积不变时，其压强与温度的关系”。

测得初始状态的压强为p0，温度为t0。

现逐渐加入热水使水温升高，同时测量压强p和温度t，并记录下每次测量结果与初始值的差值△p和△t。

该过程中下列图象一定正确的是()A.B.C.D.7. 如图(a)，在一块很大的接地金属平板的上方固定一负电荷。

由于静电感应，在金属平板上表面产生感应电荷，金属板上方电场的等势面如图(b)中虚线所示，相邻等势面间的电势差都相等。

若将一正试探电荷先后放于M 和N 处，该试探电荷受到的电场力大小分别为F M 和F N ，相应的电势能分别为E pM 和E pN ，则( )A. F M <F N ，E pM >E pNB. F M >F N ，E pM >E pNC. F M <F N ，E pM <E pND. F M >F N ，E pM <E pN8. 图甲为12均匀带电圆环，O 1为其圆心，图乙为34均匀带电圆环，O 2为其圆心，两圆环半径相同，单位长度的带电荷量、电性相同，O 1处的电场强度大小为E 0，电势为φ0。

一、初中物理功和机械能问题1．如图中甲图所示，小明用弹簧测力计拉木块，使它先后两次沿水平木板匀速滑动相同的距离，乙图是他两次拉动同一木块得到的距离随时间变化的图像．下列说法正确的是A ．两次木块运动的速度相同B ．木块第一次受到的摩擦力较大C ．两次拉力对木块做的功一样多D ．两次拉力对木块做功的功率一样大【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】 A ．两次木块运动相同的距离，第2次所用时间比第1次长，两次木块运动的速度不相同，A 选项说法不正确；B ．摩擦力的大小与压力大小和接触面的粗糙程度有关，两次运动中压力大小和接触面的粗糙程度相同，所以摩擦力相同，B 选项说法不正确；C ．木块两次沿水平木板匀速滑动相同的距离，两次滑动中水平方向所受到的滑动摩擦力与拉力是一对平衡力，大小相等，因摩擦力大小相等，两次的拉力相等，由W=Fs 可得两次拉力对木块做的功一样多，C 选项说法正确；D ．由图可见两次滑动距离相同，所用时间不同，由W p t=得两次拉力对木块做功的功率不一样大，D 选项说法不正确；故选C ．2．如图所示，粗糙的弧形轨道竖直固定于水平面上，小球由A 点以速度v 沿轨道滚下，经过另一侧高点B 后到达最高点C ．下列分析不正确的是（ ）A ．小球在A 、B 、C 三点的速度大小关系是C B A v v v <<B ．小球在A 、B 两点的动能之差等于小球从A 点到B 点克服摩擦力做的功C ．小球在A 、B 两点具有的重力势能相同D ．整个过程只有重力对小球做功【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】A ．小球运动过程中会克服摩擦力做功，且质量不变，故从A 运动到C 的过程中，机械能减小，小球在A 与B 点的势能相同，故在A 点的动能大于B 点的动能，C 点最高，故小球在C 点的势能最大，动能最小，所以C B A v v v <<，故A 正确，不符合题意；BC ．A 、B 两点高度相同，小球的质量不变，故小球的重力势能相同，小球从A 点运动到B 点，会克服摩擦力做功，动能减小，动能之差等于克服摩擦力所做的功，故B 、C 正确，不符合题意；D ．整个过程中，摩擦力也会对小球做功，故D 错误，符合题意。

2021年江苏省徐州市县区中考物理二检试卷1.医生给病人检查口腔时，常将一把带柄的金属小镜子放在酒精灯上烤一烤，然后再放入口腔，这样做是为了防止口腔中的水蒸气在镜面发生以下哪种物态变化()A. 汽化B. 液化C. 凝固D. 凝华2.关于粒子与宇宙，下列说法不正确的是()A. 宇宙中的恒星位置绝对不动B. 扩散现象能说明分子是运动的C. 水和酒精混合后总体积变小，说明分子间有空隙D. 原子核由质子和中子构成3.如图所示，悬停在空中的直升机，受到向上的升力，这个力的施力物体是()A. 空气B. 螺旋桨C. 地球D. 发动机4.一个篮球不小心被水打湿，小明继续使用该篮球进行训练，球离手后，发现篮球在干燥的地面上向前弹跳的过程中，地面上留下了一个个“印迹”，以下判断正确的是(不考虑篮球质量的变化)()A. B点时的动能等于C点时的动能B. A点到B点的过程是重力势能与动能之间的相互转化C. 1、2、3三个“印迹”大小相同D. D点时篮球的动能不为05.无线充电原理是电流流过送电线圈产生磁场，受电线圈靠近该磁场时就会产生电流，给智能手机充电，如图所示，受电线圈处用到了哪个实验原理()A. 奥斯特实验B. 电磁感应现象C. 通电导体在磁场中受力的作用D. 摩擦起电6.下列关于比热容、内能和热传递的描述中正确的是()A. 某物质的比热容较大，所以它含有的热量就多B. 物体温度升高，一定吸收热量C. 热量总是从内能大的物体向内能小的物体传递D. 任何物体都具有内能7.在物理实验课中，老师要求测量一枚鹅卵石的密度，下列操作步骤中错误的是()A. 使用天平测质量时，把物体放在左盘B. 应先测鹅卵石的质量，再测量体积C. 增减砝码时，直接用手拿D. 量筒读数时，视线与凹液面最低处保持水平8.小明采用“向漏斗口吹气，观察乒乓球状态”的方法来探究流速对流体压强的影响。

以下方案不合理的是()A. 竖直向上吹气B. 水平向右吹气C. 竖直向下吹气D. 斜向下吹气9.在研究看不见的物质或现象时，我们可以通过研究该物质或现象所产生的可见效果，由此进一步分析物质或现象，这种方法叫转换法。

2010—2011学年第二学期徐汇区初三年级理化学科学习能力诊断卷（满分共150分100分钟完成）2011.4物理部分考生注意：1、选择题中只有一个选项正确，请用2B铅笔在答题纸的相应位置上填涂。

2、答题时，考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答，在本试卷上答题一律无效。

一、选择题（共16分）1．首先发现电流磁效应的科学家是（）A．法拉第B．牛顿C．焦耳D．奥斯特2．所谓“超级月亮”是指运行到距离地球最近时的月亮。

月亮在太阳系中属于（）A．卫星B．恒星C．行星D．流星3．我们能分辨出不同乐器发出的声音，主要是依据它们发出的声音具有不同的（）A．响度B．音调C．音色D．频率4．海啸具有巨大的破坏力，主要是因为海啸形成的海浪具有强大的（）A．电能B．机械能C．核能D．内能5．正常工作的手机传递信息时利用的是（）A．微波B．可见光C．超声波D．次声波6．重20牛的小车在5牛的水平拉力作用下沿水平面作匀速直线运动，小车受到的摩擦力为（）A．25牛B．4牛C．5牛D．20牛7．在图1所示的电路中，电源电压不变，闭合电键S，电路正常工作。

一段时间后，灯熄灭，且只有一只电表示数变大，若灯和电阻只有一处发生故障，则（）B．电流表示数变大，电阻R可能短路C．电压表示数变大，小灯L可能短路D．电压表示数变大，电阻R一定断路图18．甲、乙、丙三个实心正方体分别放在水平地面上（已知V 甲＞V 乙＞V 丙），它们对地面的压强相等，若分别在三个正方体上表面中央施加一个竖直向上、大小相等的力F （力F 小于物体重力），则三个正方体对水平地面的压强关系是（ ） A ．P 甲 ＜P 乙＜P 丙B ．P 甲 ＞P 乙＞P 丙C ．P 甲 ＝P 乙＝P 丙D ．P甲＝P 乙＞P丙二、填空题（共26分）9．沪杭高铁已投入运营。

若列车以300千米/小时的速度匀速行驶0.1小时，通过的路程为 （1） 千米；列车运行时，座位上的乘客相对车厢是 （2） 的（选填“运动”或“静止”）。