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高考语法专题：情态动词与虚拟语气考纲新研读情态动词1. can, could(1)表示能力或客观可能性、请求或允许：Man cannot live without air or water.(2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信：How can you be so careless!He couldn’t be over sixty.(3)表示对过去否定或疑问的猜测：Jack cannot (couldn’t) have been to China, has he?Can (Could) he have heard the news?(4)表示虚拟语气，用于肯定句，could have done,“过去能够干某事而没干”。
I could have lent him money, but he didn’t ask me.Given more time, I could have done it even better.(5)表示“有时会”：Training alone can be dangerous.2. may, might(1)表示推测“可能”：That may or may not be true.(2)对过去可能性的推测，may (might可能性更小)have done：She may not have seen the film.She might have had an accident.(3)表示虚拟语气“有可能干而没干”：She might have given you more help, but she didn’t.(4)表示祝愿：May you succeed in passing the exam！3.must，have to(1)“必须”，“必要”：Soldiers must obey orders.You mustn’t talk like that.(2)肯定的猜测(不能用于否定或疑问)：“一定”：He must be seventy now.He must be doing his homework upstairs.I think you must have made a mistake, didn’t you?He must have been doing his homework then.(3)(表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦)偏要Just as I was hurrying to class, Mary must come, telling a long story.4. need(1)“需要”，主要用于否定、疑问句。
考点八并列句和状语从句限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1．Sometimes it's hard to accept the truth ________ the lie sounds so much better．答案：because 句意：有时候事实真相很难被接受，因为谎言往往要顺耳多了。
此处表示原因,故填because。
2．________ noted otherwise, these brochures are free of charge．答案：Unless 句意：除非另外标注，否则这些小册子都是免费的.根据语意可知，用unless。
本题也是一个省略句，相当于Unless these brochures are noted ．．．。
3．She was such a proud person that she would die ________ she would admit she was wrong．答案：before 句意：她是个如此骄傲的人以至于她宁愿死也不愿承认她是错的。
这里用before，翻译成“宁可……也不愿”,常与will或would连用。
4．I think John will make a good monitor，________ I’d like to votefor him．答案:so 句意:我认为约翰会成为一个好班长，所以我想选他。
前后句是因果关系，故填so。
5．My mother is always warning me when I go out，“Don’t get off the bus ________ it is running．”答案：while 句意：我出去的时候，妈妈总是警告我：“不要在车还在走的时候下车。
” 此处while意为“当……的时候”。
6．I had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly，and my son rushed out to greet me．答案:when 句意：我刚一(几乎还没有)按门铃,门突然就被打开了，我儿子就冲出来迎接我。
情态动词和虚拟语气（2）解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定,每年总有一至两个题,可以单独考查,也可以结合虚拟语气考查。
命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握,难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。
其考点主要包括：1、考查情态动词的基本用法。
如：: can和could的用法及区别；will和would 的用法及区别；must的用法；shall用于不同人称时的用法和should的各种用法；need的用法等。
2、考查情态动词的“推测”功能。
如：can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：（1）注意语气。
语气较强用must, cannot，couldn’t；语气较弱may，might或can，could；（2）注意句式。
在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句，疑问句中常用can，could；（3）注意时态。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词+ 动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词+进行体”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词+完成体”结构。
3、考查情态动词的特殊用法。
如：（1）cannot ／can't 与too／over（‐)／enough ／perfectly ／sufficiently 等词连用，意为“越…越…”“无论怎样……也不为过”、“决不会……够(过)”。
（2）cannot wait to do sth意为“急于做某事”，。
（3）would 和used to的区别；can 和be able to的区别。
（4）“may / might well＋动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由”；“may/ might as well＋动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是…的好”。
（5）must表示偏执型，意为“偏要”；“硬要”；can用在肯定句，可以表示客观上的“可能性”；shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等；should表示估计或推测上的“应该”，译为“可能，该，估计，按理应当”；will可以表示习惯和倾向性，意为“惯于, 老是, 终归是”等。
2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧专题（八）强调倒装虚拟句型+丰富文章细节的手段特殊句型是英语书面表达中的高级句式，其中强调句和倒装句是较为常见的特殊句型。
而虚拟语气也是高中较难掌握的句型之一。
它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。
一．重点突出的强调句型（一）强调句的基本句式结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。
它可以强调除谓语动词外的其它任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。
在续写和概写中灵活运用强调句不仅能突出重点、增强表达，更能彰显考生的英语运用能力。
It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. (2019年浙江高考书面表达)在写作中运用强调句型可以采取以下步骤：1.在一个写好的句子中找出需要强调的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等；2.根据句子的时态确定is或was；3.然后把要强调的成分套进句式里，It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。
例：We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness.如果我们要强调状语，即with sincerity and faithfulness，在确定好时态was后，把需要强调的部分放在it was后，that后放除强调外的剩余成分便得到：It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.（二）强调句常用句式1. It is/was + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分It is on the playground this Friday afternoon that a volleyball game will be held. (2019全国一卷书面表达)It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided. (2017年浙江高考书面表达)2. Is/was it + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分Was it in the park that the children saw the strange green objects?3.特殊疑问词+ is/was it + 被强调的部分+ 句子其它成分When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher?4.It is/was not until that + 句子其它成分It wasn’t until he went through real hardship that he realized the love for a family counts.5.注意：强调谓语动词时，可以用助动词do/does/didWe did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future. (2015年北京高考)二．平衡句子的倒装句型英语书面表达中的倒装举行主要包括部分倒装和全倒装。
虚拟语气（1）虚拟语气的基本用法（2）含蓄虚拟条件句这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。
（3）虚拟语气的倒装当虚拟条件句中含有were，had，should，could等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将were，had，should，could 等词移至句首。
（4）错综虚拟语气主从句指的是不同的时间，根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。
（5）主语从句中的虚拟语气：It is ＋形容词／动词的过去分词/名词＋主语从句的结构中，从句的谓语动词须用动词原形或should ＋do的形式常用的这类词有：形容词：advisable、natural、anxious、necessary、better、regretful、desirable、strange、surprising、important过去分词：decided、recommended、demanded、requested、desired、required、ordered、suggested名词：duty、pity、no surprise、regret、no wonder、shame（6）宾语从句中的虚拟语气①wish后的宾语从句wish(that)+ did/were(would/should do) 表示与现在或将来相反；had done(would/should have done) 表示与过去相反。
②某些动词表示愿望、要求、建议和命令等。
从句形式为：（should）+动词原形常用的动词有：advise、order、command、decide、propose、demand、recommend、request、require、insist、suggest、urge注意：insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，从句中不用虚拟语气；表示“坚持要求”时，从句用虚拟语气。
情态动词和虚拟语气单句语法填空1、He __________well refuse to speak to you, because he's in low spirits.2、He__________ not have attended Jane’s birthday party,for he knew nothing about it.3、There is a great noise in their room. The couple __________be still quarreling at this time.4、You __________not pay too much attention to your reading skills,as they are so important.5、一I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.一Don’t worry. You__________have it by Friday.6、I __________not have watched that movie —it'll give me horrible dreams.7、—Where is my dictionary? I remember putting it here yesterday.—You __________(place) it in the wrong place.8、Samuel,the tallest boy in our class,__________easily reach the books on the top shelf.9、As one of your best friends,I__________(should know) that you were upset, but I didn’t. Sorry!10、When I lived in Canada, I __________(will) fish in a pond nearby on Sundays.11、If it__________(snow) tomorrow, the basketball match would be put off.12、一Did you go to the fashion show last week?—I __________(go), but I was fully occupied the whole week.13、If only I __________(have) more confidence in the English speech contest held last week!14、It was Mr Zhang that helped us out of the trouble. But for his help, we __________not have managed it so easily.15、They advocate the plan he was opposed to __________(discuss) in the next meeting.单句改错1、However, if we stress cooperation too much, there would he no progress._____________________________________________________________________2、Firstly,I’d like to show my appreciation to those who stand by me all the way, teachers, parents and friends included. Without their help or advice, my life will he different.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3、In my opinion, by doing part-time jobs, college students must gain some social experience and broaden their horizons.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4、Most importantly,all of us must believe in each other and been honest in our daily life.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5、She is the most honest person that I’ve ever seen. She mustn’t have taken your e-book without permission. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6、I must express myself more easily when I talk in Chinese than in English._____________________________________________________________________7、To keep fit,we ought take exercise every day._____________________________________________________________________8、A few years ago I might bring my wife to this place for dinner._____________________________________________________________________9、John’s grade on the test is the highest in his class and he should have studied last night.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10、Dare you to tell your parents about your school records?_____________________________________________________________________11、If you worked hard then, you would be in the university now._____________________________________________________________________12、How I wish every student have a scientific and systematic study method!_____________________________________________________________________13、It is required that all of us must be present at the meeting._____________________________________________________________________14、—Do you mind my opening the window?—Well, I’d rather you not._____________________________________________________________________15、If Sam were here, he will be so excited about meeting a famous scholar in the flesh.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案以及解析单句语法填空1答案及解析：答案：may/might解析：句意:他很可能拒绝和你说话,因为他的心情不好。
专题七情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词具有一定的词义，没有人称和数的变化，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语，用来表示愿望、态度或推测等。
1．表示能力(1)表示现在的能力⎩⎨⎧canam/is/are able to(2)表示将来的能力：will be able to (3)表示过去的能力⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧could 表示过去的能力，不表示是否做was/were able to 表示过去有能力做，并且成功地做了 相当于：managed to do sth. /succeeded in doing sth.could have done 表示过去本来能够做但未做I can 't promise anything, but I 'll do what I can . 我不能许诺什么，但我会尽力而为。
(表示现在的能力)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了这个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出去。
(表示过去有能力做并且成功地做了)I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous.我本来可以解出这道题，但我太紧张了。
(表示本来有能力做但未做) 2．表示推测(可能性)可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。
(1)客观的可能性并不表示具体某事是否会发生，而用来说明人或事物的特征．．．．．．．．．。
情态动词can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的(或理论的)可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时， can 一般不用于肯定句。
Accidents can happen on such rainy days.在这样的多雨天气里可能会发生事故。
(表示客观的可能性) We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 今晚我们可能去看电影，但还没确定。
2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧专题（八）强调倒装虚拟句型+丰富文章细节的手段特殊句型是英语书面表达中的高级句式，其中强调句和倒装句是较为常见的特殊句型。
而虚拟语气也是高中较难掌握的句型之一。
它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。
一． 重点突出的强调句型（一）强调句的基本句式结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他成分。
它可以强调除谓语动词外的其它任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。
在续写和概写中灵活运用强调句不仅能突出重点、增强表达，更能彰显考生的英语运用能力。
It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. (2019年浙江高考书面表达)在写作中运用强调句型可以采取以下步骤：1. 在一个写好的句子中找出需要强调的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等；2. 根据句子的时态确定is 或was ；3. 然后把要强调的成分套进句式里，It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他成分。
例：We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness.如果我们要强调状语，即with sincerity and faithfulness ，在确定好时态was 后，把需要强调的部分放在it was 后，that 后放除强调外的剩余成分便得到：It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.（二）强调句常用句式1. It is/was + 被强调的部分 + that/who + 句子其它成分It is on the playground this Friday afternoon that a volleyball game will be held. (2019全国一卷书面表达)It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided. (2017年浙江高考书面表达)2. Is/was it + 被强调的部分 + that/who + 句子其它成分Was it in the park that the children saw the strange green objects?3. 特殊疑问词 + is/was it + 被强调的部分 + 句子其它成分When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher?4. It is/was not until that + 句子其它成分It wasn’t until he went through real hardship thathe realized the love for a family counts.5.注意：强调谓语动词时，可以用助动词do/does/didWe did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future. (2015年北京高考) 二．平衡句子的倒装句型英语书面表达中的倒装举行主要包括部分倒装和全倒装。
虚拟语气虚拟语气的概念：虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望、假设或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
虚拟语气的运用：一、if引起的虚拟条件句条件状语从句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设动词用一般过去式（be动词用were）would/could/might/should +动词原形If I were a boy, I would join thearmy.If she had time, she would go withyou.与过去事实相反的假设动词用had donewould/could/might/should + have +过去分词If he had taken my advice, hewould have succeeded in thecompetition.与将来事实相反的假设动词用一般过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形would/could/might/should +动词原形If it were to rain tomorrow, thefootball match would be put off.If you came tomorrow, we wouldhave the meeting.If he should not come tomorrow,we would put off the meeting tillnext Monday.1：与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时(be 动词用were),主句用would/could +do。
If she had time, she would go with you.If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the air.If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.do。
专题08 情态动词和虚拟语气一、选择题1．—You didn't wait for Mr.Black last night, did you?—No, but we ________.He didn't return home at all.A．couldn't have B．needn't haveC．didn't need to D．should wait have2．Tom hasn't come to work since last Friday.________ he have had an accident？A．Must B．Should C．May D．Can【答案】D 【解析】疑问句的推测常可用can，一般不用must / may。
3.—How did you do in the test?—Not so well.I ________ much better but I misread the directions for writing.A．will have done B．could have doneC．must have done D．may have done【答案】B 【解析】but所表达的是一种含蓄条件，由其后的过去时态可知此处该用“could＋完成时”的虚拟形式。
4．She quickened her pace in order that she ________ with the others.A．may catch up B．might catch upC．could have caught up D．might have caught up【答案】B 【解析】这是目的状语从句，由主句的过去时态可知此空该用情态动词的过去时。
5．If it were not for the fact that she ________ sing, I would invite her to the party.A．couldn't B．shouldn'tC．can't D．might not【答案】C 【解析】“她不能唱歌”是一客观事实，所以用现在时。
第八讲情态动词和虚拟语气(一)情态动词单句语法填空1．(2018·北京高考单选)In today’s information age, the loss of data can cause serious problems for a company.2．(2018·天津高考单选)I can’t find my purse. I could_have_left (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might be_made (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.4．(2016·北京高考单选)I love the weekend, because I needn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.5．(2016·天津高考单选)It was really annoying; I couldn’t get access to the data bank you had recommended.6．(2015·北京高考单选)—Can’t you stay a little longer?—It’s getting late.I really must go now. My daughter is home alone.7. (2015·福建高考单选)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.—Oh, it’s too bad. You should_have_made (make) full preparations.8．(2015·陕西高考单选)You may feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.一、情态动词的基本用法(一)can/could的用法1．表示能力，意为“能，会”。
①Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, can easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017·北京高考单选)塞缪尔在我们班上个子最高，能轻易地够到书架顶上的书本。
②No one could answer this challenging question.没人能回答这个具有挑战性的问题。
2．表示客观或理论上的可能性。
①It can be very hot here in summer.这里夏天有时会很热。
②Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.醉酒的司机都有可能发生交通事故。
3．表示请求或允许。
在疑问句中could可以代替can，语气更委婉。
Can I have a word with you? It won’t take long.我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。
4．表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。
can比could语气强。
①He can’t be our manager. He has gone to Beijing.他不可能是我们经理。
我们经理已经去北京了。
②He can’t have left. His coat is here.他不可能已经走了。
他的外套还在这里。
(二)may/might的用法1．表示请求和许可。
在疑问句中might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。
—Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?—Yes, you may.——我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？——是的，可以。
2．表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。
might比may语气弱。
—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?—Don’t worry. He might not come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.——我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。
为什么你邀请他？——别担心，他或许不会来。
他说他还不能确定他的计划。
3．表示祝愿，常用结构为“May＋主语＋动词原形！”May you be happy every day!愿你快乐每一天！(三)must的用法1．表示“必须”，语气强烈。
have to表示“不得不”，意义与must相近，但又有所区别。
must表示说话人的主观看法，have to则强调客观需要；must只有一种形式，而have to有人称、时态等方面的变化。
①—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?—I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting.——我该马上通知他日程改了吗？——我想你必须(通知他)，以免他开会迟到。
②I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲在住院。
2．表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。
Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet.昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。
3．意为“偏要，非要……不可”。
If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停止。
4．mustn’t表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。
That car is my property; you mustn’t use it without my permission.那辆车是我的财产，没有我的允许你不得使用。
(四)shall的用法1．用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。
①Shall we put off the sports meeting till next month?我们能否将运动会推迟到下个月？②Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗？2．用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。
You shall be punished for what you have done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。
(五)should/ought to的用法1．should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。
We should be strict with ourselves.我们对自己应该严格要求。
2．should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。
Such a gentleman should do that.这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。
3．ought to表示义务或责任，意为“应该”，语气比should稍重。
You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。
4．should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。
She promised to come by 10 o’clock. She should/ought to be here at any moment.她答应10点之前来的。
她随时都可能来到。
(六)will/would的用法1．表示意愿、意志、决心。
will指现在，would指过去。
①I will never talk to him again.我再也不愿意和他说话了。
②—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?—I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.——为什么你昨天晚上没来参加西蒙的聚会？——我想去参加，但只是我妈妈不愿意让我那么晚出去。
2．表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。
would比will语气委婉。
Would you mind opening the window for me?请你为我打开窗户好吗？3．表示习惯性动作、固有属性、必然趋势，意为“总是；习惯于”。
will指现在，would 指过去。
①Fish will die without water.没有水，鱼会死去的。
②Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。
③Mum would tell us stories before we went to bed.过去在我们上床睡觉前，妈妈总给我们讲故事。
4．表示功能，意为“能，可以”，常用于否定句。
The door won’t open.这门打不开。
(七)need的用法作情态动词时，need没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
其否定形式是在其后直接加not，疑问形式是直接将need提到主语前。
由need构成的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用must。
①My room is a mess, but I needn’t clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017·天津高考单选)我的房间很乱，但今晚出去之前我不需要打扫。
我可以在早晨打扫。
②—Need I tell him everything that’s happened to his parents?—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t.——我有必要告诉他有关他父母发生的一切吗？——是的，必须。
/不，没必要。
[名师指津]need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称和数的变化，后面可跟名词、带to的不定式或动名词等作宾语，其否定形式、疑问形式都要通过助动词do构成。
