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新视野大学英语（第三版）读写教程Unit 5一、学习目标本单元主要学习以下内容： 1. 理解并运用本单元的重点词汇和短语； 2. 掌握文章中心思想的把握方法； 3. 学会推测词汇的含义； 4. 了解并运用一些阅读和写作技巧。
二、词汇和短语1. 重点词汇在本单元的阅读和写作任务中，我们将遇到以下一些重点词汇：•fundamental 基本的•psychological 心理的•reliable 可靠的•resourceful 智能的•inspiration 灵感•comprehension 理解•obstacle 障碍•concentrate 专注•motivate 激励•activate 激活•perseverance 毅力•creativity 创造力2. 重点短语在本单元中，我们还将涉及以下一些重点短语：•take for granted 认为理所当然•set goals 设定目标•break down 分解•stand out 突出•come up with 提出•figure out 弄清楚•put in the effort 花费努力•think outside the box 跳出思维定式•give up 放弃•make the most of 充分利用三、文章中心思想的把握方法在阅读本单元的文章时，了解作者想要表达的中心思想是非常重要的。
下面是一些帮助你把握文章中心思想的方法：1.阅读标题和副标题：了解文章主要讨论的话题和角度。
2.阅读介绍和结尾：作者常常在文章的开头和结尾暗示文章的中心思想。
3.注意段落的开头和结尾：通常在段落的开头和结尾，作者会写下主要观点，以引导读者理解文章的中心思想。
4.寻找重复和关联词：在文章中，一些重复的词语和关联词能帮助你找到作者的中心思想。
5.总结段落的主题句：每个段落通常都有一个主题句，通过总结这些主题句，你可以把握整篇文章的中心思想。
四、推测词汇的含义在阅读本单元的文章时，你可能会遇到一些生词或不熟悉的词汇。
U校园新视野大学英语4读写教程答案Unit 5 Why culture countsSection A5-2 Text A: Speaking Chinese in AmericaPre-reading activitiesPre-reading activities-11. I like your … (e.g. "I like your hat.") / I love your … (e.g. "I love your shoes.")2. When we like the way they look.3. Thank you.4. Japanese culture. When you compliment people on their belongings, they feel they have to give them to you. But in American culture, the appropriate response is to say "thank you".Pre-reading activities-21) Examples can be:(a) n. + 很 + a. (e.g. 你的裙子很漂亮。
)(b) 我很喜欢 + n. (e.g. 我很喜欢你书房的摆设。
)2) Yes, the traditional way Chinese people respond toa compliment is different from the American way. Rather than saying "thank you", we Chinese tend to say something to show that we or the object we own is not that good. For example, we may say "哪里" (meaning "it is nothing"). But in modern days, many people have adopted the English way of responding to a compliment. They say "thank you" very often too.Reading comprehensionReading comprehension-11) Because she thought her Sau-sau just pretended to be polite. (Her Sau-sau ate up the dish in the end although she said she didn't want it at first.)2) They should say directly whether they want to have anything or not, rather than refuse for the sake of politeness even if they in fact want to eat it.3) It said that Chinese language and culture are very indirect and polite.4) They thought that she was not respectful if she questioned them.5) Her parents were very clear when they demanded her to do something, but Americans generally think the Chinese language is discreet.6) To support her opinion that to understand the difference between languages and behavior just through literal translation may lead to wrong generalizations. (OR: To support her opinion that it is dangerous to view the gulf between different languages and behavior through translation.)7) She feels that it is annoying because such a description does not express new ideas, honest emotions or considered thought.8) They answer "yes" or "no" by saying something specific to what is asked because there is no one word in Chinese for "yes" or "no".(OR: They express "yes" or "no" by referring directly to the proposition being asserted or denied.) Reading comprehension-21) I think there are three things we can do to avoid misunderstandings of foreign cultures. Firstly, we can look for information about those cultures on the Internet. There are many websites that introduce foreign countries' geography, languages and customs, so we can do some research online to get the necessary information. Secondly, we can visit foreign countries, which will enable us to experience their cultures in person and understand them better. Thirdly, we can make friends with foreigners who are traveling or are living in our country. Communicating with them in daily life will help us know their customs, and hence we are less likely to misunderstand people from their countries.2) Yes, I know some stereotypes of Europeans and European languages. Here are a few examples: French people are romantic, and the French language is beautiful; Italians are fashionable, and Italy has the best cuisine in the world. I have watched many moviesin which French people are indeed romantic, although I have never met any French in person. A common scene in the movies is that a French man gives flowers to his girlfriend or wife, or two persons meet by chance and fall in love quickly.No, I have never read about or heard of any stereotype of a foreign country, its people, or its language. I think people in different countries or cultures of the world have more similarities than differences. For instance, we all consider such values as honesty, diligence and patriotism important qualities of being a good man or a good citizen, no matter which country we live in or what language we speak. Hence, I think there are no essential differences between peoples or cultures, and I don't have any stereotype of any foreign country, its people, or its language.3) Chinese people generally use expressions like "possibly no" or "I'm afraid it won't work" to say "no" to others. This makes them less direct in giving rejections. However, when people with greater authority or power say "no" to those in a lower status(e.g. parents to children), they can be very direct and straightforward, e.g. "absolutely no".4) I will try to adapt my habits to local norms. For example, I will follow their rules of dining, body language and gift giving.I would prefer to maintain Chinese traditions. Modern people value cultural diversity, so, I think people of the foreign country I live in will respect my choice.5) I would like to learn Italian. This is because I love Italian culture, especially the arts of the Italian Renaissance period. If I could speak the Italian language, it would be easier for me to travel to Italy, visit its museums and appreciate famous art works. In addition, I'm very interested in Italian opera. Whenever I watch it on TV or hear it on the radio, I admire the beauty of the music and the language, but I don't understand the meaning of the lyrics. I always wish I could know what the singers express in their songs without having to rely on translations or subtitles. Learning Italian will certainly get me closer to this goal.5-3 Text A: Language focus Words in use1. fabricate2. nominal3. temporal4. reciprocal5. denotes6. consecutive7. spectators8. muttering9. composite10. maliciousWord building: Practice Word building: Practice-1 1) assertive2) decisive3) digestive4) imaginative5) consultative6) qualitative7) authoritative8) conserve9) quantitative10) unbutton11) unsettle12) unveilWord building: Practice-21. conserve2. unbuttoning3. authoritative4. consultative5. imaginative6. quantitative7. unveil8. assertive9. unsettled10. decisive11. digestive12. qualitative Banked cloze1) exterior2) insights3) complete4) course5) inconsistencies6) offended7) gestures8) ornaments9) sense10) distinctiveExpressions in use1. got to the point2. are attached to3. would have starved to death4. If anything5. were suspicious of6. wandered around7. on the side8. was representative of5-4 Structure analysis & writingStructured writing: Practice参考：I had never been more anxious in my life. This was the first time I traveled all by myself. I did not speak English well and had difficulty understanding people. Now, standing at the international section of the airport, I was nervous and scared, not knowing what I would have to face. As it turned out, I had the most frustrating experience of my life.I looked around, and nothing was familiar. A pile of questions pounded in my head. Where was the ticket counter? Where was customs? How could I find the boarding gate? The more I thought, the more worried I got.I tried to ask for help, but all my words came out wrong.I saw a woman sitting in the corner, so I went up to her timidly."Excuse, lady. Where ticket counter?" I asked in broken English, pronouncing "ticket counter" as something like "tin can"."Tin can? What do you need it for?" the woman asked back, with a confused face."Ticket, paper, flight," I yelled and waved my hands in a flying manner.She looked at me, even more confused. "Tin, flying?" At that moment, someone across the hall waved at her. She stood up in hurry and said, "Sorry, I can't help you. I have to go."I felt awful. I had been in this country for months, and I couldn't even ask for directions.After I finally checked in at the ticket counter, another problem came up: I could not find customs. My flight would take off in 40 minutes. I dragged my enormous suitcase behind me and came to an elevator.I had no idea which floor to go to. I got on the elevator and pressed button 3 randomly. The elevator slowly climbed up to the third floor and jerked to a stop. I came out and found myself in an empty lobby.Tears formed in my eyes as I thought I would miss my flight. Just then an old airport employee shuffled around the corner. Seeing that I seemed lost, he smiled kindly and asked, "Do you need help?""Yes. I customs," I said. Tears rushed down my cheeks. "Don't worry, honey. I will take you there," he comforted me. He took my suitcase and led me up some stairs. After arriving at customs, he led me past all the lines of people and pushed my luggage to the inspection counter.When I turned around to thank him, he was gone. I never know the wonderful man's name, but I will always remember his generous help. I hope that one day I can do the same for a traveler who suffers from similar frustrations.5-5 TranslationTranslationTranslation-1参考：文艺复兴是一场影响巨大的文化运动。
Although he was not a legal expert, he knew it would not be proper to fabricate anything to mislead the public.虽然他不是法律专家，但他知道捏造任何东西误导公众是不合适的。
2.He does not work full time there, but he has been the nominal head of the organization's scholarship program for five years.他在那里不是全职工作，但他已经担任该组织奖学金项目的名义负责人五年了。
3.As Mark walked the sites on that initial trip of the migrants, he found some important temporal clues –dated bus tickets, shopping receipts and calendars.当马克在最初的移民之旅中走遍各个地点时，他发现了一些重要的时间线索——注明日期的公共汽车票、购物收据和日历。
4.In urban planning, it is important to take into consideration the reciprocal influence between the transportation network and other facilities, for example shopping centers and medical centers.在城市规划中，必须考虑到交通网络与其他设施（如购物中心和医疗中心）之间的相互影响。
5.The label "Smart Choices" on the front of food packages usually denotes products that meet criteria for lower fat, sugar and sodium (钠) content.食品包装正面的“明智选择”标签通常表示符合低脂肪、糖和钠含量标准的产品。
