小升初英语语法时态归纳讲解
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小升初英语一般现在时一、定义表示目前的状态或经常性的动作。
Jerry is a big guy. He eats three bowls of meat every day.二、结构1.“主系表”结构:e.g. You are a student. You are not a student. Are you a student? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.肯:主+ be(am, is, are) + 表否:主+be(am, is, are)+not+表疑:Be+主+表?肯定回答: Yes, 主+be.否定回答: No, 主+be not. (可缩写) am not is not=isn’t are not=aren’t2.“主+谓+宾”结构肯:主(三单)+谓+s +宾否:主(三单)+don’t/doesn’t +v.原+宾。
疑:Do/Does +主+v.原形+宾?肯定回答:Yes, 主+do/ does. 否定回答:No, 主+ don’t/doesn’t.例如:He likes English.(变否) He doesn’t like English.(变疑) Does he like English? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.3. 特殊疑问句⑴结构:特词+助v.+主+谓v原+其它?He does his homework every day. (变否、变疑、并对划线部分提问)特疑:What does he do every day?解析:否定句中的doesn’t 为助动词,第二个do 为实义动词。
He brushes his teeth three times a day.对three times 提问:(即对次数提问)How many times does he brush his teeth a day?对three times a day 提问:(对频率提问)How often does he brush his teeth?三、动词变化1.三单概念(1) 当主语为第三人称单数,he/she/it (2) 一个物a cat等(3) 一个人Tom, my friend等2.动词的单三形式变化变化口诀:s,es,y变i,have变has。
小升初英语语法:have的用法在英语中,have是一个非常常用的动词,它可以表示很多不同的意义。
在小学生升入初中时,很多同学可能对一些语法规则还不是很熟悉,因此在学习英语时遇到“have”这个词时,可能会有些困惑,下面就让我们一起来看看have在不同的语法结构中有哪些具体的用法。
一般现在时态在一般现在时态中,have有两种常用的用法:作为情态动词和作为实义动词。
1.作为情态动词当have作为情态动词时,它可以用来表示一种推测,类似于汉语中的“可能会”、“大概会”之类的意思。
例如:•He may have forgotten his key.(他可能忘记了他的钥匙。
)•They might have gone to the park.(他们可能去了公园。
)2.作为实义动词当have作为实义动词时,它可以表示“拥有”或“经历”之类的意思。
例如:•I have a book.(我有一本书。
)•She has a headache.(她头疼。
)有些同学可能会问,为什么上面的句子中I用have而不用has呢?这是因为have在第一人称单数(I)和第二人称单数(you)时用原形(have),在第三人称单数(he/she/it)和复数(we/you/they)时使用has。
例如:•She has a headache.(她头疼。
)•They have three cats.(他们有三只猫。
)现在完成时态在现在完成时态中,have也是一个重要的动词,表示“已经做过某事”、“经历过某事”等意思。
它的结构为“have / has + 过去分词”。
例如:•I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了作业。
)•He has never been to Beijing.(他从未去过北京。
)在现在完成时态中,使用have或has的形式取决于主语的人称和数。
例如:•I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了作业。
第二十七讲时态的复习一.复习结构框架1.现在进行时构成:_____+动词的_____形式标志词:_________________________________________________注意:(1)be动词的选择取决于主语I 用____,you用_____,is连着__________;单数用___,复数用____.(2)like、enjoy、介词+动词的_____形式2.一般过去时构成:1)含有be动词的,am/is变成_______;are变成________2)含有实义动词时,把动词变成______时.标志词:_______________________________________________________注意:不规则动词的过去式3.一般现在时构成:1)含有be动词的用___________.2)含有实义动词的通常情况下在动词后+_____,以s/x/sh/ch/o结尾的+____,以辅音字母+y结尾的________.标志词:时间副词_____________________________________________________频率副词_____________________________________________________ 4.一般将来时构成:主语+will+动词原形主语+be going to +动词原形标志词词:1)this:_______________今天下午,_____________这个礼拜天,____________今晚.2)tomorrow:________________明天早上,________________明天下午.3)next:____________明年,_______________下个星期,_______________明年春天.4)soon不久,一会儿,五分钟以后five minutes later5)after school,after class二.综合训练(一)单项选择1.Listen!The boy___in his room.A.singB.is singingC.singsD.will sing2.Both Tom and Tony______swimming yesterday.A.goB.wentC.is goingD.will go3.---What’s your sister doing there? ---______.A.She read newspapersB.She reads newspaperC.She is reading newspapersD.She will read a newspaper4. ---What _____you do last week?---I did something bad at school.A.wereB.doC.doesD.did5. They are going to __________a film.A.seeingB.seeC.seesD.saw6.Is your brother ___a book or___TV?A.reading,lookingB.reading,watchingC.watching,lookingD.looking,watching7. My cousin often_______us stories at night.A.tellB.speakC.tellsD.talk8.---Where’s Tom?---He____his homework at home.A.doB.doesC.is doD.is doing9. ____he____his homework every evening?A.Does;doB.Do;doesC.Is;doingD.Does;does10. Do you enjoy______in the country?A.livingB.to liveC.livedD.live11. What _________Amy going to do next weekend?A.isB.areC.amD.does12. ---Where____you just now? ---I____at school.A.were;wereB.were;wasC.was;wereD.was;was13.Be quiet!My baby________.A.sleepingB.sleepC.is sleepingD.are sleeping14. His ruler____in his bag now.But he____it here an hour ago.A.is;putsB.was;putsC.is;putD.was;put15. Mary ____a good time in the park yesterday.A.hadB.haveC.hasD.will have16. He often_____to the movie,but he didn’t____yesterday.A.go;wentB.goes;goesC.goes;goD.go;go17. My eraser____on my desk ten minutes ago.But it______there now.A.is;wasn’tB.was;isn’tC.is;isn’tD.was;wasn’t18. We’re going to take a trip___________.A.tomorrowB.yesterdayC.todayD. last week19. Where ____your father from?A.areB.isC.doD.be20.He_______late for school in the afternoon.A.is oftenB.often comesC.often ises often (二)用所给单词正确形式填空1. Look!My classmates___________(run)on the playground.2. He________(fly)a kite last week.3. What about__________(go)fishing this afternoon?4.---What does he often do on Saturdays? ---He often______(stay)at home.5.She________(sing)every day.6.We_________(leave)Beijing tomorrow.7.They ______(be)in England five years ago.8.Look!The baby__________(eat)an apple.9.His parents ________(be)teachers.10.Mr.White__________(not have)supper at home every day.11.David_____________(play)football with his friends next week.12.My mother____________(not go)shopping yesterday evening.13.We both like____________(sit)on the grass.14.Jim____________(not work)here soon.15.Lily and Lucy_________(not speak)English at home.(三)句型转化1. He’s going to Shanghai at 2 o’clock.(划线部分提问)__________________________________________2.He does homework at night.(否定句)__________________________________________3. I go to school by bus.(划线部分提问)__________________________________________4.My father is a businessman.(否定句)___________________________________________5.She put a book in her bag just now.(一般疑问句+肯答)____________________________________________________________________6.They are having an English class now.(划线部分提问)____________________________________________7.I was at home yesterday.(一般疑问句+否答)____________________________________________________________________8.He had an egg for breakfast.(否定句)____________________________________________9.He will pass the exam.(否定句)____________________________________________10.He listens to music on Monday mornings.(划线部分提问)_____________________________________________(四)阅读理解Three men came to London for a holiday. They got to a very big hotel(旅馆) and took a room there. Their room was on the fortieth floor. In the evening the men came back very late.“I'm sorry, ”said the waiter(服务员) of the hotel, “but our lifts(电梯) are not working now. You can’t use them. If you don’t like to walk up to your room on the fortieth floor, we hope you stay here on the first floor. ”“No. ”said Tom, one of the three men, “we don’t like to stay here. We are going to walk upto the room. ”Then he said to the other two men, “It is hard to walk up to the fortieth floor. But we can make it easier. We will tell jokes(笑话) and sang songs when we are going up.So they started to walk up to their room. They were singing and telling jokes to each other on their way to the fortieth floor. When they got to the thirtieth floor, they found they left the key(钥匙) to their room on the first floor.1. The waiter of the hotel asked them because the lifts didn’t work.A. to sleep on the first floorB. to stay on the first floorC. to walk up to the room2. The men on the way to the room.A. told stories and sang songsB. read jokesC. make jokes on each other3. They remembered they left the key on the first floor when .A. they were on the 40th floorB. they were on the 20th floorC. they finished three quarters of the way(五)完型填空。
语法专题:一般现在时一、一般现在时的含义:一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,也可以表示目前的状态、特征或能力,还可以表示客观事实或真理。
A.表示经常性或习惯性的动作;如:He often goes to school by bike.B.表示事物或人物的特征、状态;如:Her eyes are big.C.表示客观事实或真理。
如:The sun rises in the east.二、一般现在时的结构:〔一〕含有be动词的一般现在时的结构:1、肯定句:主语+am/ is/ are+其他.例句:I am ten years old. 我今年八岁。
He is a doctor. 他是一名医生。
2、否认句:主语+am/ is/ are + not+其他.例句:I am not ten years old. 我不是八岁。
He is not a doctor. 他不是一名医生。
注意:is not = isn’t are not = aren’t3、一般疑问句:Am/ Is/ Are+主语+其他?例句:Are you ten years old? 你今年八岁吗?肯定答复/ 否认答复:Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. 是的。
/ 不是的。
Is he a doctor? 他是一名医生吗?肯定答复/ 否认答复:Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. 是的。
/ 不是的。
〔二〕含有实意动词的一般现在时:实意动词作谓语动词时:主语+实意动词+其他1. 主语不是第三人称单数时肯定句为:主语+动词原形+其他否认式为:主语+don't+动词原形+其他疑问句为:Do+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定答复/否认答复:Yes, 主语+do. / No, 主语+ don’t.例句:I like Chinese.I don’t like Chinese.Do you like Chinese? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.〔三〕含有情态动词的一般现在时的结构〔以情态动词can为例〕:1、肯定句:主语+can+动词原形+其他.例句:The monkeys can climb trees. 猴子会爬树。
一般将来时强化练习第 1-50 题1.I the Great Wall next week.A.visit B.am going to visit C.visits下周我打算去参观长城。
A. 参观(动词原形);B. 参观(一般将来时结构);C.参观(三单式)。
根据时间词next week“下周”判断该句子是一般将来时,故选B。
2.My sister ___eat hot dogs tonight .A.are going to B.is going to C.does go to我的姐妹打算今天晚上吃热狗。
根据关键词tonight今天晚上可知,要表达一般将来时。
要使用be going to结构来表达。
主语My sister属于第三人称单数形式。
be动词要使用is。
故应选B。
3.What will happen your friend?A.at B.to C.for你的朋友将会发生什么?"sth happens to sb”表示某人发生某事,故选B。
4.—How many postcards do you need?—I'll ________ four, please!A.take B.taking C.takes—你需要几张明信片?—我将4张。
答语用一般将来时,构成will+动词原形,选项A 买,动词原形,选项B买,现在分词,选项C买,单三,故选A.5.There will a lot of trees and flowers around the playground.A.have B.are C.be操场周围会有很多树和花。
本句是there be句型的一般将来时,构成There will be+名词+其它。
故选C.6.Sally is going to the US with her parents ________.A.next summer holiday B.last winter莎莉要和父母一起去美国。
小升初小学英语四大时态思维导图小学英语主要是如下的四大时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时。
一般现在时一、标志词always(总是)usually(通常)often(经常)sometimes(有时)never(从不)every(每一)二、基本用法1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
2.表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
3.表示客观现实。
三、构成1.be动词:主语+be动词(amisare)+其它.2.行为动词:主语+行为动词+其它。
四、句型肯定句:A.be动词:be+主语+其它。
B.行为动词:主语+动词(注意人称变化)+其它。
否定句:A.be动词:主语+be+not+其它。
B.行为动词:主语+助动词(do/does)+not+d动词原形+其它一般疑问句:A.be动词:be+主语+其它。
B.行为动词:助动词(Do/Does)+主语+动词原形+其他.特殊疑问词:疑问词+一般疑问句现在进行时一、标志词now(现在),look(看),listen(听)二、基本用法表示现阶段正在进行的动作三、基本结构1.肯定句:主语+be动词+动词现在分词(ing)+其它。
2.否定句:主语+be动词+not+动词现在分词(ing)+其它。
3.一般疑问句:be动词+主语+现在分词(ing)+其它。
4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。
一般将来时一、标志词tomorrow(明天),soon(不久),will(将要=begoingto)二、基本用法表示在在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
三、基本结构1.肯定句:主语+begoingto+动词原形。
主语+will+动词原形。
2.否定句:主语+begoingto+动词原形。
主语+won’t+动词原形3.一般疑问句:Be+主语+goingto+动词原形Will+主语+动词原形4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句一般过去时一、标志词yesterday(昨天),ago(以前),before(在...之前)二、用法1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
小升初英语语法大全与必背知识点一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数1.一般情况,直接加-,如:book-book,bag-bag,cat-cat,bed-bed2.以.某.h.ch结尾,加-e,如:bu-bue,bo某-bo某e,bruh-bruhe,watch-watche3.以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加-e,如:family-familie,trawberry-trawberrie4.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-e,如:knife-knive5.不规那么名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,moue-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fih-fih,people-people,Chinee-Chinee,Japanee-Japanee不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea(二)名词的格(1)有生命的东西的名词所有格:a)单数后加如:Lucyrulermyfatherhirtb)以结尾的复数名词后加如:hifriendbagc)不以结尾的复数后加childrenhoe并列名词中,如果把加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:TomandMikecar汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加TomandMikecar汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用of+名词来表示所有关系:如:apictureoftheclaroomamapofChina二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)不定冠词:a/anaunit/anuncle元音开头的可数名词前用an:anegg/anapple/anorange/aneraer/ananwer/anIDcard/analarmclock /anactor/anactre/ane-mail/anaddre/anevent/ane某ample/anopera/anhouranoldman/aninteretingbook/ane某citingport/anactionmovie/anartleon/(2)定冠词:thetheeggtheplane2.用法:定冠词的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:Therulerionthedek.(2)复述上文提到的人或物:Hehaaweater.Theweaterinew.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:Theboyarentatchool.(4)在序数词前:JohnbirthdayiFebruarytheecond.(5)用于固定词组中:inthemorning/afternoon/evening不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:Chinaiabigcountry.(2)名词前有定语:thi,that,my,your,ome,any,no等:Thiimybaeball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeycantwim.Theyareteacher.(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:TodayiChritmaDay.ItSunday.(5)一日三餐前:Wehavebreakfatat6:30.(6)球类棋类运动前:Theyoftenplayfootballaftercla.Heplaycheathome.某但乐器前要用定冠词:Iplaytheguitarverywell.(7)学科名称前:Myfavoriteubjectimuic.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:ThiiMrLi.(9)固定词组中:atnoonatnightbybu三、代词:人称代词,物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)memy(我的)复数we(我们)uour(我们的)第二人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)第三人称单数he(他)himhi(他的)he(她)herher(她的)it(它)itit(它的)复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)、形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。
小升初英语语法时态归纳讲解小升初英语语法时态归纳讲解一般现在时一. 意义:表示经常发生的事情,动作或存在的状态二. 构成及变化1、be动词的变化肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。
如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:Where is my bike?2、行为动词的变化当主语为第一,二人称及复数时,助动词为do肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其它)。
如: We often play basketball after school.否定句:主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。
如:we don’t play basketball after school.一般疑问句:Do +主语+动词原形+其它?如: Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?如: What do you often do after school ?当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does肯定句:主语+动词三单式(+其它)。
如: He swims well.否定句:主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。
如:He doesn’t swim well..一般疑问句:Does +主语+动词原形+其它。
如:Does he swim well ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?如: How does your father go to work?三、第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中,动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs…….(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母,结尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es:study→studies fly→flies carry→carries cry→cries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says四、时间标志:always , usually , often , sometimes ,every…现在进行时一、意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。
二、构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句:主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他)I’m doing my homework now .否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他.I’m not doing my homework now.一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?Are you doing your home work now?Yes, I am . No , I’m not .特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?What are you doing now ?三、现在分词的构成:(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing,如skate →skating make →making dance → dancing write → writing have → havingride → riding come → coming(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing, 如:putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting四、时间标志——now,句前的look ,listen一般过去时一、意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态.二、构成及变化1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。
(was not=wasn’t)are在一般过去时中变为were。
(we re not=weren’t)带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化:肯定句:主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句:主语+ didn’t + 动词原形.I didn’t watch a film last Sunday .一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ?Yes, I did . No , I didn’t .特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?三、时间标志:yesterday,yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…)last night (week, month, year…),a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago…just now,一般将来时一、意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。
二. 构成及变化:一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形: 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。
shall/will+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况,没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿⑴ be going to +动词原形㈠肯定句主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year.我姐姐准备明年学英语。
㈡否定句主语+be(am / is / are)not going to +动词原形 +其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight.我今天晚上不打算去看电影。
㈢一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份…?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?No , he isn’t.不。
㈣.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.?春节你打算在哪过?㈤.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go , come 等表位移的动词,一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。
如: He’s going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.⑵.will /shall +动词原形(在书面语中,主语是第一人称时,常用shall ,在口语中,所有人称都可以用will)1.肯定句主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I (shall) write to him next week.下周我将给他写信。
2.否定句主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份They won’t watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。
3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ?明天你和我们呆在家里好吗?4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来?三、附:Shall I /we …常用来征求对方意见,而问对方是否愿意,或者表示客气的邀请,常用Will you…?他们的回答比较灵活。
1.Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , let’s go .否定No , let’s go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ?肯定Yes, I will. / Sure .否定I’m sorry. I’m afraid I can’t.四、时间标志:tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening ……现在完成时:用法1:表示:过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
标志词:already, yet, just, ever, never, before用法2:表示:过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
标志词:for, since, since…ago基本结构:助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have)1)肯定式:主语 + have / has + 过去分词2)否定式:主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词3)一般疑问句: Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词例句1. 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成或刚刚完成。
如:1)I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。
(过去某时开始做,到现在已完成)2)He has already come 他已经来了。
(过去某时开始离开某地到这来,现在已在这。
)2. 表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在。
如:1)I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。
(六年前开始学英语,一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。