新高一1

第1篇一、常用词汇1. ability [əˈbɪlɪti] n. 能力，才能2. achieve [əˈtʃiːv] v. 实现，完成3. activity [ækˈtɪvɪti] n. 活动4. actually [ˈæktʃuəli] adv. 实际上，事实上5. add [æd] v. 添加，增加6. address [əˈdres] n. 地址；v. 演讲，致辞7. admit [ədˈmɪt] v. 承认，许可进入8. advantage [ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ] n. 优点，优势9. advice [ədˈvaɪs] n. 建议，忠告10. affect [əˈfekt] v. 影响11. affair [əˈfɛər] n. 事情，事件12. affect [əˈfekt] v. 影响13. afraid [əˈfreɪd] adj. 害怕的14. age [eɪdʒ] n. 年龄；v. 变老15. agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 协议，协定16. agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 协议，协定17. agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 协议，协定18. agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 协议，协定19. agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 协议，协定20. agreement [əˈɡriːmənt] n. 协议，协定二、动词短语1. agree with sb. 同意某人的意见2. agree on sth. 达成协议3. agree to sth. 同意某事4. agree to do sth. 同意做某事5. agree with sb. about sth. 与某人就某事达成一致6. agree to differ 有不同意见但保持友好7. agree to do sth. 同意做某事8. agree on the terms of sth. 就某事的条款达成一致9. agree to disagree 有不同意见但保持友好10. agree to a plan 同意一个计划三、形容词短语1. able to do sth. 有能力做某事2. afraid of sth. 害怕某物3. anxious about sth. 对某事感到焦虑4. anxious for sth. 渴望某物5. anxious to do sth. 急切地想做某事6. anxious that sb. should do sth. 担心某人会做某事7. anxious that sth. should be done 担心某事会被做8. anxious that sth. is done 担心某事已经完成9. anxious that sth. was done 担心某事已经完成10. anxious that sth. will be done 担心某事将会完成四、介词短语1. according to 根据2. because of 因为3. before long 不久以后4. before then 那之前5. by accident 偶然地6. by chance 偶然地7. by the way 顺便说一句8. for example 例如9. in addition 此外10. in order to 为了五、名词短语1. a great deal of 大量的2. a lot of 许多3. a matter of 有关4. a number of 一些5. a piece of 一块6. a variety of 各种各样的7. an agreement on sth. 关于某事的协议8. an agreement to do sth. 做某事的协议9. an agreement with sb. 与某人的协议10. an agreement with sb. about sth. 与某人就某事的协议六、其他词汇1. add up 加起来2. add up to 等于3. add to 增加到4. add up to 相当于5. admit to 承认6. admit of 容许7. admit of possibility 可能8. admit of doubt 可疑9. admit of explanation 可解释10. admit of criticism 可批评以上是2024年新高一英语必修一的部分单词表，希望对同学们的学习有所帮助。

第一章〖1.1〗集合【1.1.1】集合的含义与表示（1）集合的概念集合中的元素具有确定性、互异性和无序性.（2）常用数集及其记法N 表示自然数集，N*或N+表示正整数集，Z表示整数集，Q表示有理数集，R表示实数集.（3）集合与元素间的关系（4）集合的表示法①自然语言法：用文字叙述的形式来描述集合.②列举法：把集合中的元素一一列举出来，写在大括号内表示集合.③描述法：{x|x具有的性质}，其中x 为集合的代表元素.④图示法：用数轴或韦恩图来表示集合.（5）集合的分类①含有有限个元素的集合叫做有限集.②含有无限个元素的集合叫做无限集.③不含有任何元素的集合叫做空集.【1.1.2】集合间的基本关系（6）子集、真子集、集合相等【1.1.3】集合的基本运算（8）交集、并集、补集【补充知识】含绝对值的不等式与一元二次不等式的解法（1）含绝对值的不等式的解法（2）一元二次不等式的解法〖1.2〗函数及其表示【1.2.1】函数的概念（1）函数的概念①设A、B是两个非空的数集，如果按照某种对应法则f，对于集合A中任何一个数x，在集合B中都有唯一确定的数f(x)和它对应，那么这样的对应（包括集合A，B以及A到B的对应法则f）叫做集合A到B的一个函数，记作f:A→B．②函数的三要素:定义域、值域和对应法则．③只有定义域相同，且对应法则也相同的两个函数才是同一函数．（2）区间的概念及表示法（3）求函数的定义域时，一般遵循以下原则：①f(x)是整式时，定义域是全体实数．②f(x)是分式函数时，定义域是使分母不为零的一切实数．③f(x)是偶次根式时，定义域是使被开方式为非负值时的实数的集合④对数函数的真数大于零，当对数或指数函数的底数中含变量时，底数须大于零且不等于1．⑥零（负）指数幂的底数不能为零．⑦若f(x)是由有限个基本初等函数的四则运算而合成的函数时，则其定义域一般是各基本初等函数的定义域的交集．⑧对于求复合函数定义域问题，一般步骤是：若已知f(x)的定义域为[a,b]，其复合函数f[g(x)]的定义域应由不等式a≤g(x)≤b解出．⑨对于含字母参数的函数，求其定义域，根据问题具体情况需对字母参数进行分类讨论．⑩由实际问题确定的函数，其定义域除使函数有意义外，还要符合问题的实际意义．（4）求函数的值域或最值求函数最值的常用方法和求函数值域的方法基本上是相同的．事实上，如果在函数的值域中存在一个最小（大）数，这个数就是函数的最小（大）值．因此求函数的最值与值域，其实质是相同的，只是提问的角度不同．求函数值域与最值的常用方法：①观察法：对于比较简单的函数，我们可以通过观察直接得到值域或最值．②配方法：将函数解析式化成含有自变量的平方式与常数的和，然后根据变量的取值范围确定函数的值域或最值．④不等式法：利用基本不等式确定函数的值域或最值．⑤换元法：通过变量代换达到化繁为简、化难为易的目的，三角代换可将代数函数的最值问题转化为三角函数的最值问题．⑥反函数法：利用函数和它的反函数的定义域与值域的互逆关系确定函数的值域或最值．⑦数形结合法：利用函数图象或几何方法确定函数的值域或最值．⑧函数的单调性法．【1.2.2】函数的表示法（5）函数的表示方法表示函数的方法，常用的有解析法、列表法、图象法三种．解析法：就是用数学表达式表示两个变量之间的对应关系．列表法：就是列出表格来表示两个变量之间的对应关系．图象法：就是用图象表示两个变量之间的对应关系．（6）映射的概念〖1.3〗函数的基本性质【1.3.1】单调性与最大（小）值（1）函数的单调性①定义及判定方法②在公共定义域内，两个增函数的和是增函数，两个减函数的和是减函数，增函数减去一个减函数为增函数，减函数减去一个增函数为减函数．【1.3.2】奇偶性（4）函数的奇偶性①定义及判定方法②若函数f(x)为奇函数，且在x=0处有定义，则f(0)=0．③奇函数在y轴两侧相对称的区间增减性相同，偶函数在y轴两侧相对称的区间增减性相反．④在公共定义域内，两个偶函数（或奇函数）的和（或差）仍是偶函数（或奇函数），两个偶函数（或奇函数）的积（或商）是偶函数，一个偶函数与一个奇函数的积（或商）是奇函数．〖补充知识〗函数的图象（1）作图利用描点法作图：①确定函数的定义域；②化解函数解析式；③讨论函数的性质（奇偶性、单调性）；④画出函数的图象．利用基本函数图象的变换作图：要准确记忆一次函数、二次函数、反比例函数、指数函数、对数函数、幂函数、三角函数等各种基本初等函数的图象．①平移变换②伸缩变换③对称变换（2）识图对于给定函数的图象，要能从图象的左右、上下分别范围、变化趋势、对称性等方面研究函数的定义域、值域、单调性、奇偶性，注意图象与函数解析式中参数的关系．（3）用图函数图象形象地显示了函数的性质，为研究数量关系问题提供了“形”的直观性，它是探求解题途径，获得问题结果的重要工具．要重视数形结合解题的思想方法．第二章基本初等函数(Ⅰ)〖2.1〗指数函数【2.1.1】指数与指数幂的运算（1）根式的概念【2.1.2】指数函数及其性质（4）指数函数〖2.2〗对数函数【2.2.1】对数与对数运算（1）对数的定义【2.2.2】对数函数及其性质（5）对数函数〖2.3〗幂函数（1）幂函数的定义一般地，函数y=x a叫做幂函数，其中x为自变量，a 是常数．（2）幂函数的图象（3）幂函数的性质①图象分布：幂函数图象分布在第一、二、三象限，第四象限无图象．幂函数是偶函数时，图象分布在第一、二象限(图象关于轴对称)；是奇函数时，图象分布在第一、三象限(图象关于原点对称)；是非奇非偶函数时，图象只分布在第一象②过定点：所有的幂函数在(0,+∞)都有定义，并且图象都通过点(1,1)③单调性：如果a>0，则幂函数的图象过原点，并且在[0, +∞)上为增函数．如果a<0，则幂函数的图象在[0, +∞)上为减函数，在第一象限内，图象无限接近x轴与y轴．〖补充知识〗二次函数（1）二次函数解析式的三种形式（2）求二次函数解析式的方法①已知三个点坐标时，宜用一般式．②已知抛物线的顶点坐标或与对称轴有关或与最大（小）值有关时，常使用顶点式．③若已知抛物线与X轴有两个交点，且横线坐标已知时，选用两根式求f(x)更方便．（3）二次函数图象的性质一元二次方程根的分布是二次函数中的重要内容，这部分知识在初中代数中虽有所涉及，但尚不够系统和完整，且解决的方法偏重于二次方程根的判别式和根与系数关系定理（韦达定理）的运用，下面结合二次函数图象的性质，系统地来分析一元二次方程实根的分布．⑥k1＜x1＜k2≤p1＜x2＜p2此结论可直接由⑤推出．第三章函数的应用一、方程的根与函数的零点。

新高一英语必修一完整单词表Unit 11、 survey n 调查；测验2、 add up 合计3、 upset adj 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt 使不安；使心烦4、 ignore vt 不理睬；忽视5、 calm vt ＆ vi （使）平静；（使）镇定 adj 平静的；镇静的；沉着的6、 calm （） down （使）平静下来；（使）镇定下来7、 have got to 不得不；必须8、 concern vt （使）担忧；涉及；关系到 n 担心；关注；（利害）关系9、 be concerned about 关心；挂念10、 walk the dog 遛狗11、 loose adj 松的；松开的12、 vet n 兽医13、 go through 经历；经受14、 Amsterdam n 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都）15、 Netherlands n 荷兰（西欧国家）16、 Jewish adj 犹太人的；犹太族的17、 German adj 德国的；德国人的；德语的 n 德国人；德语18、 Nazi n 纳粹党人 adj 纳粹党的19、 set down 记下；放下；登记20、 series n 连续；系列21、 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套22、 outdoors adv 在户外；在野外23、 spellbind vt （spellbound, spellbound) 迷住；迷惑24、 on purpose 故意25、 in order to 为了……26、 dusk n 黄昏；傍晚27、 at dusk 在黄昏时刻28、 thunder vi 打雷；雷鸣 n雷；雷声29、 entire adj 整个的；完全的；全部的30、 entirely adv 完全地；全然地；整个地31、 power n 能力；力量；权力32、 face to face 面对面地33、 curtain n 窗帘；门帘；幕布34、 dusty adj 积满灰尘的35、 no longer/notany longer 不再……36、 partner n 伙伴；合作者；合伙人37、 settle vi 安家；定居；停留 vt 使定居；安排；解决38、 suffer vt ＆ vi 遭受；忍受；经历39、 suffer from 遭受；患病40、 loneliness n 孤单；寂寞41、 highway n 公路；大路42、 recover vi ＆ vt 痊愈；恢复；重新获得43、 get/be tired of 对……厌烦44、 pack vi ＆ vt 捆扎；包装；打行李 n 小包；包裹45、 pack （sth) up 将（东西）装箱打包46、 suitcase n 手提箱；衣箱47、 Overcoat n 大衣；外套48、 teenager n 十几岁的青少年49、 get along with 与……相处；进展50、 gossip vi ＆ n 闲话；闲谈51、 fall in love 相爱；爱上52、 exactly adv 确实如此；正是；确切地53、 disagree vi 不同意54、 grateful adj 感激的；表示谢意的55、 dislike n ＆ vt 不喜欢；厌恶56、 join in 参加；加入57、 tip n 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费 vt 倾斜；翻倒58、 secondly adv 第二；其次Unit 21、 subway n 地下人行道；地铁2、 elevator n 电梯；升降机3、 petrol n 汽油（＝ gasoline ）4、 gas n 汽油；气体；煤气；毒气5、 official adj 官方的；正式的；公务的6、 voyage n 航行；航海7、 conquer vt 征服；占领8、 because of 因为；由于9、 native adj 本国的；本地的 n 本地人；本国人10、 Amy n 艾米（女名）11、 come up 走近；上来；提出12、 apartment n 公寓住宅；单元住宅13、 actually adv 实际上；事实上14、 AD 公元15、 base vt 以……为根据 n 基部；基地；基础16、 at present 现在；目前17、 gradual adj 逐渐的；逐步的18、 gradually adv 逐渐地；逐步地19、 Danish n 丹麦语 adj 丹麦的；丹麦人的；丹麦语的20、 enrich vt 使富裕；充实；改善21、 vocabulary n 词汇；词汇量；词表22、 Shakespeare 莎士比亚（英国剧作家，诗人）23、 make use of 利用；使用24、 spelling n 拼写；拼法25、 latter adj 较后的；后半的；（两者中）后者的26、 identity n 本身；本体；身份27、 fluent adj 流利的；流畅的28、 fluently adv 流利地；流畅地29、 Singapore n 新加坡（东南亚国家）30、 Malaysia n 马来西亚（东南亚国家）；马来群岛31、 such as 例如……；像这种的32、 frequent adj 频繁的；常见的33、 frequently adv 常常；频繁地34、 usage n 使用；用法；词语惯用法35、 command n ＆ vt 命令；指令；掌握36、 request n ＆ vt 请求；要求37、 dialect n 方言38、 expression n 词语；表示；表达39、 midwestern adj 中西部的；有中西部特性的40、 African adj 非洲的；非洲人的；非洲语言的41、 Spanish adj 西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙语的 n 西班牙人；西班牙语42、 play a part （in) 扮演一个角色；参与43、 eastern adj 东方的；东部的44、 southeastern adj 东南方的；来自东南的45、 northwestern adj 西北方的；来自西北的46、 recognize vt 辨认出；承认；公认Unit 31、 journal n 日记；杂志；定期刊物2、 transport n 运送；运输 vt 运输；运送3、 prefer vt 更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）4、 disadvantage n 不利条件；不便之处5、 fare n 费用6、 route n 路线；路途7、 Mekong n 湄公河8、 flow vi 流动；流出 n 流动；流量9、 ever since 从那以后10、 persuade vt 说服；劝说11、 cycle vi 骑自行车12、 graduate vi 毕业 n 大学毕业生13、 finally adv 最后；终于14、 schedule n 时间表；进度表 vt 为某事安排时间15、 fond adj 喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的16、 be fond of 喜爱；喜欢17、 shortcoming n 缺点18、 stubborn adj 顽固的；固执的19、 organize vt 组织；成立20、 care about 关心；忧虑；惦念21、 detail n 细节；详情22、 source n 来源；水源23、 determine vt 决定；确定；下定决心24、 determined adj 坚决的；有决心的25、 change one's mind 改变主意26、 journey n 旅行；旅程27、 altitude n 海拔高度；高处28、 make up one's mind 下决心；决定29、 give in 投降；屈服；让步30、 atlas n 地图；地图集31、 glacier n 冰河；冰川32、 Tibetan adj 西藏的；藏族的；藏族人的 n （西）藏语；西藏人；藏族人33、 rapids n 急流34、 valley n （山）谷；流域35、 waterfall n 瀑布36、 pace n 一步；速度；步调 vi 缓慢而行；踱步37、 bend n 弯；拐角 vt （bent, bent) 使弯曲 vi 弯身；弯腰38、 meander n （指河流等）蜿蜒缓慢流动39、 delta n 三角洲40、 attitude n 态度；看法41、 Qomolangma n 珠穆朗玛峰Unit 41、 earthquake n 地震2、 quake n 地震3、 right away 立刻；马上4、 well n 井5、 crack n 裂缝；噼啪声 vt ＆ vi （使）开裂；破裂6、 farmyard n 农场；农家7、 pipe n 管；导管8、 burst vi （burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n 突然破裂；爆发9、 million n 百万10、 event n 事件；大事11、 as if 仿佛；好像12、 at an end 结束；终结13、 nation n 民族；国家；国民14、 canal n 运河；水道15、 steam n 蒸汽；水汽16、 dirt n 污垢；泥土17、 ruin n 废墟；毁灭 vt 毁灭；使破产18、 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪19、 suffering n 苦难；痛苦20、 extreme adj 极度的21、 injure vt 损害；伤害22、 survivor n 幸存者；生还者；残存物23、 destroy vt 破坏；毁坏；消灭24、 brick n 砖；砖块25、 dam n 水坝；堰堤26、 track n 轨道；足迹；痕迹27、 useless adj 无用的；无效的；无益的28、 shock vt ＆ vi （使）震惊；震动 n 休克；打击；震惊29、 rescue n ＆ vt 援救；营救30、 trap vt 使陷入困境 n 陷阱；困境31、 electricity n 电；电流；电学32、 disaster n 灾难；灾祸33、 dig out 掘出；发现34、 bury vt 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏35、 mine n 矿；矿山；矿井36、 miner n 矿工37、 shelter n 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处38、 a （great) number of 许多；大量的39、 title n 标题；头衔；资格40、 reporter n 记者41、 bar n 条；棒；条状物42、 damage n ＆ vt 损失；损害Unit 51、 Nelson Mandela 纳尔逊·曼德拉（前南非共和国总统）2、 quality n 质量；品质；性质3、 warmhearted adj 热心肠的4、 mean adj 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的5、 active adj 积极的；活跃的6、 generous adj 慷慨的；大方的7、 easygoing adj 随和的；温和宽容的8、 selfish adj 自私的9、 selfless adj 无私的；忘我的10、 devote vt （与 to 连用）献身；专心于11、 devoted adj 忠实的；深爱的12、 William Tyndale 威廉·廷代尔（英国早期新教改革者）13、 Bible n 《圣经》14、 invader n 侵略者15、 found vt 建立；建设16、 republic n 共和国；共和政体17、 principle n 法则；原则；原理18、 nationalism n 民族主义；国家主义19、 livelihood n 生计；谋生20、 Mohandas Gandhi 莫罕达斯·甘地（印度国民大会党领袖）21、 peaceful adj 和平的；平静的；安宁的22、 giant adj 巨大的；庞大的23、 leap n 飞跃；跳跃24、 mankind n 人类25、 Elias n 伊莱亚斯（男名）26、 lawyer n 律师27、 guidance n 指导；领导28、 legal adj 法律的；依照法律的29、 fee n 费（会费、学费等）；酬金30、 passbook n 南非共和国有色人种的身份证31、 Johannesburg n 约翰内斯堡（南非城市）32、 out of work 失业33、 hopeful adj 有希望的34、 ANC 非国大；非洲人国民大会；非洲民族会议（African National Congress）35、 youth n 青年；青年时期36、 league 同盟；联盟；联合会 League of Nations 国际联盟37、 stage n 舞台；阶段；时期38、 vote vt ＆ vi 投票；选举 n 投票；选票；表决39、 attack vt 进攻；攻击；抨击40、 violence n 暴力；暴行41、 as a matter of fact 事实上42、 blow up 使充气；爆炸43、 equal adj 相等的；平等的44、 in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中45、 willing adj 乐意的；自愿的46、 unfair adj 不公正的；不公平的47、 turn to 求助于；致力于48、 quote n 引用语；语录49、 release vt 释放；发行50、 lose heart 丧失勇气或信心。

河南化学新高一必修一知识点近年来，河南省对高中化学教育进行了一系列改革与创新，其中包括新设计的高中必修课程。

在新高一的必修一课程中，化学知识点的教学更加注重深度和理解。

本文将针对河南化学新高一必修一知识点进行讨论和分析，旨在探讨其教学的优势和挑战。

1. 元素和物质化学是研究物质的组成、性质和变化规律的科学。

新高一必修一中，教师会首先介绍元素和物质的概念。

通过学习元素周期表，学生了解到元素是构成物质的基本单位。

同时，教师还会引导学生进行实验，观察不同物质的性质变化，培养学生的观察力和实验技能。

2. 化学方程式化学方程式是描述化学反应过程的语言工具。

在新高一必修一的教学中，化学方程式的学习是重点中的重点。

学生需要学会写出平衡方程式，并能够解读已知方程式的含义。

通过解析方程式，学生能够了解到不同物质之间的化学变化，深入理解化学反应的本质。

3. 物质的结构与性质物质的结构与性质是新高一必修一化学中的另一个重点内容。

教师们会讲解物质的微观结构与宏观性质的关系，并引导学生进行实验，通过观察和推理，进一步理解物质的性质来源。

此外，还会介绍金属、非金属等不同物质的性质和用途，拓宽学生对物质的认知。

4. 溶液与离子反应溶液与离子反应是新高一必修一化学的难点之一。

教师会引导学生学习溶液的概念、浓度的计算以及离子反应的相关知识。

通过实验，学生能够观察到溶液中离子的行为，加深对溶液和离子反应的理解，并培养学生的实验操作能力。

5. 酸碱中和反应酸碱中和反应是新高一必修一化学中的另一个重要内容。

教师会讲解酸碱的概念与性质，并引导学生进行酸碱反应的实验。

通过实验，学生能够观察到酸碱反应的现象，并学会制备酸和碱的方法。

此外，还会介绍中和反应在生活中的应用，提高学生的化学应用能力。

总之，河南化学新高一必修一课程注重学生的实践操作能力，通过实验和观察培养学生的科学思维和分析能力。

在教学中，教师们还会结合化学原理，拓宽学生对化学知识的应用与理解。

新人教版高一数学必修一目录
一、第一章函数
1. 基本概念
2. 函数的表示法
3. 函数的图象
4. 函数的性质
二、第二章曲线
1. 曲线的表示法
2. 曲线的切线
3. 兰联形曲线
4. 椭圆曲线
5. 双曲线
三、第三章相关与回归
1. 相关系数
2. 线性回归与回归直线
四、第四章初等函数
1. 指定法求方程的根
2. 二次函数及加减乘除法
3. 牛顿迭代法求方程的根
五、第五章指数函数
1. 指数函数的基本性质
2. 常用指数函数
3. 对数函数及其应用
六、第六章对数函数及其应用
1. 对数函数的基本性质
2. 对数函数及其应用
七、第七章几何极限
1. 无穷小分析法
2. 无穷量极限
3. 二元函数极限
4. 级数的极限
八、第八章函数的微分
1. 导数的概念
2. 定义型微分
3. 导数的性质及应用
九、第九章函数的积分
1. 定积分及其应用问题
2. 微积分的应用ii
3. 曲线的积分性质。

新高一历史必修一月考知识点一、人类社会的起源和发展1. 人类社会的起源：氏族部落社会、奴隶社会、封建社会、资本主义社会、社会主义社会2. 氏族部落社会的特点和功能：以血缘关系为基础，共同劳动和分配，发展农业和手工业3. 奴隶社会的特点和功能：奴隶制度的形成，贵族统治，个体农业和手工业的发展4. 封建社会的特点和功能：封建等级制度，封建土地所有制，农业经济为主，宗法婚姻和宗教信仰的限制5. 资本主义社会的特点和功能：资本主义生产关系的形成，商品经济和货币经济的发展，私有制和自由竞争6. 社会主义社会的特点和功能：社会主义公有制和计划经济，无产阶级专政，社会主义改革和开放二、古代希腊和古代罗马文明1. 古希腊的城邦制：雅典民主和斯巴达军国主义2. 古希腊的政治体制：希腊城邦、城市国家的军事合作以及城邦之间的对立与战争3. 古希腊的文化成就：哲学（苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德）、历史（希罗多德、修昔底德）、文学（荷马史诗）、艺术（古希腊雕塑、建筑）4. 古罗马的政治体制：共和制和帝国制5. 古罗马的军事征服：地中海地区的统一和扩张6. 古罗马的法律制度：法官法、成文法和习惯法7. 古罗马的文化成就：工程建设（罗马水道、竞技场）、法律（罗马法）、文学（维吉尔、奥维德）、宗教（罗马天神信仰）三、中国古代的政治制度和文化1. 夏、商、周三代的政治制度：夏朝的王朝制度、商朝的王朝制度、周朝的封建制度和分封制度2. 春秋战国时期的政治变革：分封制的崩溃、世家的兴起、列国争霸3. 秦朝的政治制度：郡县制、法家思想、百家争鸣4. 汉朝的政治制度：郡县制的改革、选择官员的科举制度、儒家思想的主导5. 魏晋南北朝的政治制度：三国鼎立、五胡乱华、南朝宋、南朝梁、南朝陈6. 唐朝的政治制度：科举制度的进一步发展、六部制和三省六部制、科举制教育的发展和进步7. 宋朝的政治制度：科举制度的进一步改进、科举制教育的进一步发展、科举制度的弊端和衰落8. 中国古代的文化成就：中华文明的传承、儒家思想的发展、科技和艺术的进步、科举制度的影响四、世界古代文明的交往与发展1. 中亚的古代文明：美索不达米亚、埃及、印度河流域2. 铁器时代的文明：希腊、波斯、罗马3. 古代世界的交往：丝绸之路、汉委奴国、罗马帝国和汉朝的相互影响4. 古代世界的文化交融：佛教传入中国、儒佛合一、希腊罗马哲学的传播5. 东西方文化的交流与融合：中国文化的传播、东方文化对西方文化的影响、西方文化对东方文化的影响以上是新高一历史必修一月考的主要知识点，希望对你复习和备考有所帮助。

新高一地理必修一知识点总结1、地理环境与人类活动2、人口的变化。

3、工农业生产和城市发展，及其在世界上的地位。

4、人类活动对地理环境的影响。

5、地理环境的整体性和差异性。

6、人类面临的共同问题。

7、中国的区域差异。

8、世界的区域差异。

9、目前面临的环境问题。

10、地理学科的性质、特点、任务。

11、中国政区图。

12、中国地形图。

13、中国的地势和地形。

14、世界气候分布图。

15、世界的海陆分布。

16、世界的海洋。

17、世界的大洲和大洋。

18、世界主要国家的首都。

19、世界主要国家的简称。

20、经纬网和海陆轮廓线。

3、工农业生产和城市发展，及其在世界上的地位。

4、人类活动对地理环境的影响。

5、地理环境的整体性和差异性。

6、人类面临的共同问题。

7、中国的区域差异。

8、世界的区域差异。

9、目前面临的环境问题。

10、地理学科的性质、特点、任务。

11、中国政区图。

12、中国地形图。

13、中国的地势和地形。

14、世界气候分布图。

15、世界的海陆分布。

16、世界的海洋。

17、世界的大洲和大洋。

18、世界主要国家的首都。

19、世界主要国家的简称。

20、经纬网和海陆轮廓线。

21、重要的工业区。

22、世界著名的工业区。

23、交通运输方式。

24、地理环境对人类活动的影响。

25、地理环境的整体性和差异性。

26、地理环境对人类活动的影响。

27、世界气候的分布。

28、世界主要的洋流系统。

29、世界气候类型分布。

30、世界降水量的分布。

31、世界干湿状况的基本特征。

32、世界降水量的空间分布规律。

33、世界降水的时间分配。

34、世界气温的分布。

35、世界降水量与蒸发量的分布状况。

36、世界大陆和海洋的分布及特点。

37、南北半球的划分及依据。

38、四大高原的分布和特点。

39、河流的补给类型及其流量。

40、世界大河的分布及注入海洋的水域。

41、河流汛期及结冰期。

新高一化学必修一课本电子版新高一化学必修一课本电子版第一单元原子1 什么是原子原子是最小单位组成物质的基本元素。

它由原子核和质子所组成，围绕原子核运行的是电子。

在物质的组成中，不同原子的种类和数量决定着物质的性质和用途。

2 原子模型的发展原子的模型的发展始于古希腊的大白球模型，之后经历了复杂模型、气体模型和电子分布模型，直至最后发展出哈密尔顿模型。

3 原子核及其结构原子核是原子的核心，由质子和中子构成，是密度最大的部分。

它占原子的体积的大部分，核半径约为原子半径的1000分之一，且具有非常高的粒子密度。

4 电子结构电子结构指的是原子内电子的布局和运动规律。

它是由原子核中的多个电子构成，并分布在原子周围的多个结构层次中。

电子结构的模型称为电子层模型。

第二单元原子尺度化学1 原子尺度与宏观尺度原子尺度是指对于原子而言的尺度。

原子尺度下，分子被视为一系列简单的原子单元，而宏观尺度下，分子被视为一个统一的物质。

原子尺度和宏观尺度之间存在联系与差异。

2 基本原子参数原子的基本参数是指构成原子的元素以及其原子半径、电荷、核质量等参数。

这些参数会对原子的布局、性质和作用有着重要影响。

3 原子之间的相互作用原子的无机相互作用具有十分有趣的表现形式。

它们可以以四种方式进行：化学反应、电离反应、自由基反应和电力学反应。

4 原子尺度化学应用原子尺度化学有着多种应用。

它不仅可以应用于各种化学研究，如分子结构预测和原子对位运动预测，还可用于生物学、药物学的研究。

第三单元化学反应1 化学反应的定义化学反应是指两种或者多种物质经由一系列反应过程而发生变化，产生新的物质。

反应过程可以表示为化学方程式。

2 反应类型化学反应可以分为离子反应、原子反应、分子反应、气相反应以及电解质反应等几种类型。

这些类型在环境中存在着不同的条件，其反应产物也不同。

3 反应率反应率是指某种化学反应在单位时间内所产生的反应结果的数量。

它可以通过实验测量，但在实验的条件必须满足一定的要求。

Unit 1 A new startU1 Section AMy First Day at Senior HighAfter I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived: my first day at senior high!I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school.The campus was still quiet when I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit. I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me. “New here?” Turning around, I saw a white-haired man. “Yes,” I replied. “I’m wondering what life is going to be like here.” “Don’t worry,” he gave me a smile. “You’ll soon find out.”How true these words were! When my English teacher stepped into the classroom, I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.“Good morning, everyone. Before we start, please come to the front one by one and introduce yourself to the class. I’ll go first...”“What?!” I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn’t start. “I should say my name, of course. But what else? What could I say to make a good first impression? Something about my insect collection, perhaps.” I was organising my words in my head when the girl next to me gave me a nudge. “It’s your turn!”With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply. “Hi, I’m Meng Hao.” Everyone started laughing. I looked at them in panic. “Nice to know we share the same name,” said my new teacher. I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself! Although I was embarrassed, his word made me a lot more relaxed!When we had all introduced ourselves, Mr Meng said, “Well done, everyone! I know this isn’t easy for many of you. But this is just the kind of thing you are going to face at senior high. Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure. But it all depends on what you do. Keep calm and be prepared. That way, you’ll make the most of your time at senior high.”People say, “Well begun, half done.” I guess this was a good beginning to my new school life.U1 Section CHigh School HintsSchool TalkSubscribed 3,101+Add to Share ...More1,231 viewsPublished on 10 July 2017❤998Interviewer:Hello and welcome to School Talk! Today I’m joined by a former student of our school, Lisa Osborne.Lisa graduated from our school last June and is about to go to college in New York.Lisa, thank you for coming to share your suggestions for high school with us.Lisa: Hi,everybody. I’m very glad to be back. I feel as if high school was only yesterday!Interviewer:So what helped when you first started high school?Lisa: Orientation Day was really helpful. It’s a fantastic opportunity for new students to get to know the school and the other students. I even made some new friends! Just keep an open mind andtake part in as much as possible.Interviewer:That’s sound advice for sure. But how did you deal with new challenges, like starting a new course?Lisa: I had a chemistry test right at the end of the first week. I was frightened at the sight of the test paper. But then I figured I’d better just go all out and see what happens. If you fail, no problem --next time you can fail better!Interviewer:So, hold our head up, then. But life is not always easy. You must have had some moments when you were disappointed. If so, how did you deal with them?Lisa: As a member of the school volleyball team, I wasn’t selected for the end-of-year competition. At first I was really sad, but later I realized that I joined the team for the love of the sport. It wasn’tjust about winning. So I kept working hard to support my teammates during our training. There’salways a way to be part of something you love, isn’t there?Interviewer:Yes, I totally agree. Is there anything else in particular that you’d like to share with us?Lisa: Looking back on my high school life, the most important advice I’d give is these wonderful words from the writer Maya Angelou. She said, “Be a rainbow in somebody else’s cloud.” So,give your friends a hand when they need it. And this will make you feel good, too.Interviewer:Neat! Well, thanks again for coming to speak to us, Lisa. And good luck with college!Lisa: Thank you.Unit 2 Exploring EnglishU2 Section ANeither Pine nor Apple in PineappleHave you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? I hadn’t, until one day my five-year-old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. There isn’t. This make me realize that there’s no egg in eggplant either. Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo. And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi, but on the train or bus! While we’re doing all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we don’t get homesick when we get back home. And speaking of home, why aren’t homework and housework the same thing?If “hard” is the opposite of “soft”, why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same?When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it’s raining” or “it’s snowing”. But when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.Even the smallest words can be confusing. When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that?” What about “IT” and “US”?You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out, and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.Misadventures in EnglishLast week, our forum asked if you had any funny or strange stories about using English. We didn’t expect o get so many posts! Here are some of our favourites, to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world!People say that the British always play sage with what they eat. Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie. One day, a different teacher took our class. He told us that Maggie couldn’t teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat. Poor Maggie -- but why did she try to eat such a big frog?135 commentsWhen I first visited New York, I went to a downtown shopping centre to buy some winter boots. At the information desk at the entrance, I asked a lady where the shoe section was. She said that it was on the first floor. So I went up to the first floor, but couldn’t find any shoes. I decided to leave. When I was looking for the exit, I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor, not the first floor. Why did she give me the wrong information? X-(128 commentsI’ve got an English penfriend, who I finally got to meet in London this summer. He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked”. But when I met his grandfather, I liked him a lot. I found it very odd. Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man?63 commentsThe British must have really high standards. I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China.I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper. I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment. When I got the paper back, I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad!” Not bad? But there weren’t any errors in my paper. :-(85 commentsUnit 3 Family mattersLike Father, Like Son( The living room. Friday night. A table and two chairs at front centre. Grandfather and Father, seated at the table, are playing chess.)Grandfather:And ... I win!(Son enters room.)Father:Not again! Oh look, here comes my boy. How are you, son?Son:(nervously approaching the table) Erm ... Dad, can we talk?Father:Sure! You know you can always turn to your dad for a chat.Son:OK. Here it is. I’ve decided not to go to university. I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school.Father:(raising his voice in surprise) You can’t be serious! What about your future career as a lawyer?!Son:I knew you’d say that. You just assume I want to be a lawyer, but that’s only because you are a lawyer.Father:What’s wrong with being a lawyer? Lawyers help people and are respected by others.Son:Yes, but I’m not interested in law. I want to work in a studio, not a court.Grandfather:(looking at Father) Calm down. OK?Father:(ignoring Grandfather’s words) Stop daydreaming! Playing in a band is not a job.Son:Of course it is! The music industry is developing fast now. Making music is a job.Grandfather:(stepping between Father and Son and raising his voice) Hey! I told you to calm down, both of you!Father:But I told him to study something useful at university!Grandfather:(laughing) Easy, son! I remember when you were his age, you said that you wanted to be a professional football player.Father:And you wanted me to be an engineer!Grandfather:I just wanted you to be happy, and an engineer -- a happy engineer.Father:But in the end, you just advised me to think carefully.Grandfather:Yes, and you have found the career that suits your talents. I’m so proud of you. Your son is proud of you, too.Son:Of course I am, but I have different talents.Grandfather:(turning to Son) Why don’t you also take my advice and think carefully before jumping in with both feet?Son:Well, I could try...Grandfather:If you go to university and play music at the same time, you will have two options for your future. And I’m sure playing in a band will help you make lots of new friends at university.Father:Yes, lots of new lawyer friends!Son:(with a sigh) Dad ...(Curtain)U3 Section CJust a BrotherIt was the final part of the 2016 World Triathlon Series in Mexico. With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead. Alistair pushed himself towards the finish line in the burning heat, but as he came round the corner, he saw his brother about to fall onto the track. Alistair had to choose -- brotherly love, or a chance to win the race?For Alistair, the choice was clear. His brother was in trouble. He had to help. Alistair ran towards Jonny, caught him and started pulling him towards the finish line. Alistair then pushed his brother over the line. The move put Jonny in second place and Alistair himself in third. It was an unexpected end to the race, but Alistair did not want to discuss it with the media. He just wanted to see his younger brother, who had been rushed to the medical area.The Brownlee brothers have been doing triathlons since they were children. “Obviously, when your olderbrother is doing it, you think it’s a cool thing to do,” says Jonny. Alistair says that they encourage each other as much as they can when they train. Despite arguments over “stupid things” now and then, Alistair agrees that having a brother is an advantage. “Throughout my entire life, I’ve had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do. It has been an enormously positive force.”Watched by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions : should the brothers have been disqualified or highly praised for their actions? But for Alistair, his decision was easy to explain : “Mum wouldn’t have been happy if I’d left Jonny behind.” At that moment, he was no longer an athlete aiming for a medal -- he was just a brother.Unit 4 Friends foreverU4 Section AClick for a Friend?How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends? What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered? This was how things worked not very long ago. Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with. Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships. All you need is a wi-fi connection.The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world.But when you “friend” people online, does this mean that they really are your friends?It depends.If people always exchange true personal information online, then yes, these friendships can be real an meaningful. But we need to keep in mink that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.On social media sites, people tend to psst only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly. But smiling photos can hide real problems. Remember the saying : on the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog. A young person could be old; a woman could be a man; we could even be sharing our information with criminals.But this doesn’t mean that we should throw the baby our with the bathwater. Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.U4 Section CAfter Twenty YearsThe short story “After Twenty Years” is set in New York on a cold, dark night. Most people have left work to go home, and this part of the city is now quiet. A policeman who is checking the area sees a man outside a shop. He goes up to the man and finds he has a scar on his face. They have a chat and the man starts to tell his story.“Twenty years ago tonight,” said the man, “I dined here at ‘Big Joe’ Brady’s with Jimmy Wells, my best chum, and the finest chap in the world. He and I were raised here in New York, just like two brothers, together. I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty. The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. You couldn’t have dragged Jimmy out of New York; he thought it was the only place on earth. Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.”“It sounds pretty interesting,” said the policeman. “Rather a long time between meets, though, it seems to me. Haven’t you heard from your friend since you left?”“Well, yes, for a time we corresponded, ” said the other. “But after a year or two we lost track of each other. You see, the West is a pretty big proposition, and I kept hustling around over it pretty lively. But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive, for he always was the truest, staunchest old chap in the world. He’ll never forget. I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight, and it’s worth it if my old partner turns up.”(Excerpts from “After Twenty Years” by O.Henry)Unit 5 Into the wildU5 Section AThe Monarch’s JourneyMany animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year. This annual movement is called migration. They migrate to find food, seek a partner, or in search of warmer weather. One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.Every autumn, millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings begin a long and difficult journey. Somehow they manage to travel around 4,000 kilometres south and find their way to California or Mexico. However, until recently no one knew how they did this.A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer. They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day. It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun. These two pieces of information -- the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky -- allow the butterfly to determine the way to go. Eventually, it manages to reach the place where it will spend the winter.The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble. Its population has crashed by as mush as 90 per cent in the last few years. Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling. In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.The research on the monarch’s behaviour has however led to a greater awareness of this creature. People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. If this works, there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again. The more we know about this lovely creature, the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.U5 Section CAn Encounter with NatureAs a nature photographer, I have to brave the elements. But despite the wind and the rain, I still enjoy working outside in the wild. One of the best things about this job is that you can observe animals in their natural environment.My favourite place to take photos is Yellowstone National Park. As the world’s first national park, Yellowstone is famous for the variety of its wildlife, but it is probably best known for its bears. These huge, stronganimals can live for 30 years. Despite a weight of up to 300 kilograms, they can run at a speed of around 64 kilometres per hour and are also excellent swimmers.Last spring in Yellowstone, I followed a path that took me through a dark forest. When I finally stepped out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the snowcapped mountains, which were reflected in the still lake below. While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene, I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched. Slowly, and with the camera still held to my eye, I turned ... and froze. Only metres away from me was a bear. With water falling off its thick, brown hair, the bear stared back at me. Time stood still as the bear and I both wanted to see who would move first. My legs started shaking. Somehow, I forced my finger to press the button. A second later, the bear turned and ran back into the forest. When I recovered from the shock, I looked at my camera. My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image.From time to time, I look at the photo as a reminder to show respect to all animals. It is after all we who are the visitors to their world.Unit 6 At one with natureU6 Section ALongji Rice TerracesImagine mountains wrapped in silver water, shining in the spring sun. Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice. During autumn, these same mountains are gold, and in winter they are covered in sheets of white frost. These are the colours of the Longji Rice Terraces.These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. Starting in then Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces took hundreds of years, until its completion in the early Qing Dynasty. Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.So why did these people go to so much trouble to turn entire mountains into terraces? Firstly, there are few large, flat areas of land in the region. Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice. Secondly, although the region has plenty of rain, the mountains are steep and the soil is shallow. The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. The sun heats the water and turns it into vapour. This form s clouds from which rain falls downonto the mountain terraces once again. These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value. This knowledge is passed down through families, which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces. Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together.U6 Section CA Love of Gardening“If you look the right way, you can see that the whole world is a garden.” These words come from the author of the book The Secret Garden, first published in 1911. At that time, only the very rich in Britain had gardens. Very soon after this, homes with gardens began to be built. This is what started the British love of gardening! Today, millions of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”, with around half the population spending their free time gardening.For many people in the UK, their garden is their own private world. Each spring, children pant sunflowers and wait to see which one is the tallest. Expert gardeners know just the right corner for roses, and others spend hours trying to grow perfect vegetables to enter into competitions. And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.But in cities, limited space has led to people looking for new solutions. Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things. Today, there are over 4,000 people in London waiting for such pieces of land. One recent idea has been to turn rooftops and walls into private gardens. These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve air quality.As well as being good for the environment, gardening is also good for the soul. What other free time activities allows you to be at one with nature and create more beautiful living things? And if you’re in any doubt about this, take a moment to reflect on this line from The Secret Garden : “Where you tend a rose ... A thistle cannot grow.”。

新高一英语必修一单词表一、常用词汇1. learn 学习2. think 思考3. speak 说话4. read 阅读5. write 写作6. listen 听7. understand 理解8.municate 交流9. express 表达10. improve 提高11. experience 经历12. knowledge 知识13. skill 技能14. ability 能力15. confidence 自信16. opportunity 机会17. challenge 挑战18. success 成功19. f本人lure 失败20. effort 努力二、学科相关词汇1. subject 学科2. lesson 课程3. textbook 教科书4. teacher 老师5. student 学生6. education 教育7. knowledge 知识8. skill 技能9. examination 考试10. grade 成绩11. classroom 教室12. homework 作业13. test 测试14. study 学习15. research 研究16. project 项目17. assignment 任务18. presentation 演讲19. graduation 毕业20. degree 学位三、生活相关词汇1. family 家庭2. friend 朋友3. love 爱4. relationship 关系5. health 健康6. happiness 幸福7. emotion 情绪8. stress 压力9. leisure 休闲10. hobby 爱好11. travel 旅行12. culture 文化13. tradition 传统14. festival 节日15. celebration 庆祝16. food 食物17. drink 饮料18. fashion 时尚19. technology 技术20. environment 环境四、社会相关词汇1. society 社会2.munity 社区3. population 人口4. culture 文化5. tradition 传统6. custom 风俗7. religion 宗教8. belief 信仰9. government 政府10. policy 政策11. economy 经济12. industry 行业13. business 生意14. employment 就业15. poverty 贫困16. charity 慈善17. volunteer 志愿者18. inequality 不平等19. justice 正义20. freedom 自由五、其他常见词汇1. time 时间2. place 地方3. person 人4. thing 事物5. way 方法6. reason 原因7. result 结果8. problem 问题9. solution 解决方案10. opportunity 机会11. experience 经历12. change 改变13. future 未来14. past 过去15. present 现在16. nature 自然17. history 历史18. science 科学19. technology 技术20. information 信息以上是人教版新高一英语必修一完整单词表，掌握这些词汇将有助于学生更好地理解课程内容并提高英语表达能力。