牛津英语 8BUnit1 期末复习重点

牛津初中英语8B unit1—unit8 知识点归纳8B Unit1【考点精讲】一、核心词汇1．past n．[考点点拨] past作名词，意为“过去”，其还可作介词和形容词，可用于如下情况：in the past （n．）在过去；half past(prep.)five 5点半；in the past(adj.)three years在过去的3年里。

如：When he walks past our desks, he always knocks ourbooks and pens off the desks.当他走过我们课桌的时候，他总是把我们的书本和钢笔从课桌上碰掉下来。

The boy finished his homework with the help of his father in the past.这个男孩过去是在他父亲的帮助下完成作业的。

2．present n．[考点点拨]present作名词，意为“现在，目前”。

At present＝at the moment＝right now目前；其还可作形容词，your present job你目前的工作；present用作名词，还可表示“礼物”，a birthday present -份生日礼物。

如：He is washing his clothes at present.现在他正在洗衣服。

3．northern adj。

[考点点拨] 方位词：north-northern; west-western; south-southern; east-eastern。

如：in the north of China ＝in the northern part of China在中国北部East China华东；North China华北The northern part of the city used to be sparsely populated, but has now become a cultural centre. 城北过去人口稀少，但现在成了文化中心。

Unit 1 Treeschemical communicate hardly (any) natural run supposepollute v. pollution n.science n. scientist n.interest n. interested adj. interesting adj.noise n. noisy adj.wood n. wooden adj.live v. living adj. alive adj. life n.health n. healthy adj. unhealthy adj.nature n. natural adj.danger n. dangerous adj.be interested inliving thingsmake streets more beautiful and less noisykeep your whole class alive and healthycome fromenjoy doing sth.of course = certainlyone and a half hectaresknow a lot aboutcommunicate within danger / safetycut downwarn sb. (not) to do sth.They are the biggest and oldest living things on the Earth.The trees can then protect themselves by producing a chemical that makes their leaves taste nasty.How many people are there in your class? cf. How much…?cf. almost, hardlyanother, (the) other(s)five million, millions ofenough oxygen, fast enoughas well, as well asfor example, such asjoin, take part inGrammar: the present continuous tensecf. the present simple tenseSpeak up: ways to fight pollutionWriting: A newspaper article on…Unit 2 Waterfreeze pump relax until viewloud adj. loudly adv.comfortable adj. comfortably adv.cloud n. cloudy adj.turn off / onsound impatient / puzzledthe Yangtze River / Huangpu Riveradd…to…remember (not) to do sth.the journey of…It’s not easy for me to get here.Do you know where I am from?It was time to get cleaned up.I waited there until you called me.What do you mean by liquid gold?Why did Daisy look around? Because she heard a voice.cf. voice, soundcarry, take, bringlike, astalk, speak, tell, sayGrammar: talking about amountsa lot of / a little / not much / no + u.n.a lot of / many / a few / not many / no + pl.n.the right amount: enough + n.more than the right amount: too many / too muchless than the right amount: too few / too little / not enough Speak up: the use of waterWriting: Making / Writing about flow chartsUnit 3 Electricityat last connect electricity energy form monthly trick fool v. & n. foolish adj.change v. & n. changeable adj.careful adj. carefully adv.polite adj. politely adv.month n. monthly adj. & adv.safety n. safe adj.one eveninga packet of sweets / electricitylaugh atplay a trick on sb.at last = in the end = finallylook foolishlook likedifferent forms of energyflow through a wire / come into one’s flat through thin wires …although electricity is much more dangerous than water. Electricity is a good servant, but a dangerous one.Nobody’s ever seen electricity.It’s invisible.We call the thick wires cables.May I have my packet of electricity, please? Yes, you may.cf. think of, think about, think overThat’s right. That’s all right.Grammar:1.Modal verbs: can, must, may2.Object clausesSpeak up: Safety at home Writing: Making rules。

译林版牛津英语8B语法点复习译林版牛津英语8B语法点复习Unit 1 Present and past现在完成时（1）一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由“助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词”构成。

助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。

它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。

过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。

例句：He has already finished his homework.他已经做完作业了。

He hasn't finished his homework yet.他还没有做完作业。

---Has he finished his homework yet?他已经做完作业了吗？---Yes, he has./ No, he hasn't.是的，做完了。

/不，还没有。

二、现在完成时的用法①表曩昔发生的某一动尴尬刁难目前酿成的影响或成效。

---Would you like some bread?你想要一些面包吗？---No, thanks. I have had my breakfast.不，感谢，我曾吃过早餐了。

（对现在的影响：不饿）---Why don't you drive to your office?你为甚么不开车去办公室啊？---Because my car has broken.因为我的车坏了。

（对目前的影响：车没举措开了）①表示从过去开始一直持续到现在,也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。

He has studied English for 6 years.他已经研究英语六年了。

Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou.自从从杭州回来，玛丽一直在忙。

3、常和目前完成时连用的工夫状语①用副词already和yet。

already一般用于一定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

我们必须制定法律阻止人们污染空气。
14. factory a place where things are made by machines 工厂 （factories)
a steel/car factory 一家钢铁/汽车厂 two shoe factories 两家鞋厂
15. waste 废料；废品浪费
The knife is used for cutting apples. be/become/get used to sth习惯于某事， be/become/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事
Tom is used to getting up early. Tom习惯于早起。
The old man isn’t used to the city life. 这个老人不习惯城市生活。
He used to get up late, so he isn’t used to getting up early. 他过去经常起的晚，所以他不习惯早起
The life we were used to has changed a lot. 我们过去习惯了的生活已经改变了许多。
5. since 自…以来
1. past 名词过去 2. In the past 在过去
3. There was a cinema in this area in the past. 4. 过去这儿有一个电影院。 5. In the past two years在过去的两年中（用于完成
时）
6. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past two years.
18. situation 形势，情况