2009年北京大学博士入学考试英语试题

北京大学考博英语-10(总分57.5,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ V ocabulary1. The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City ______ shock and anger not only throughout America but also throughout the whole world.A. envelopedB. summonedC. temptedD. provoked2. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are ______, exist only until the sunset.A. equitableB. ephemeralC. euphoniousD. evasive3. As a result, the mission of the school, along with the culture of the classroom, ______A. was slowly to changeB. are slowly changedC. is slowly changingD. have slowly changed4. Sales of mushrooms have hit an all-time high as Britons increasingly turn to the cheap and ______ foodstuff for their cooking.A. versatileB. multipleC. manifoldD. diverse5. Before turning to writing, I spent eight years as a lawyer______about how life would be with a prominent father blazing my trail.A. fantasizingB. fascinatingC. facilitatingD. finalizing6. Nobody knows why there are so few women at the ______ of movies.A. helmB. seatC. controlD. reign7. There is a conspicuous lack of public debate about how this insular country should______the reality that more immigrants **ing and that those already here are changing Japan.A. abide byB. account forC. act onD. adjust to8. Bystanders, ______, ______ as they walked past lines of ambulances.A. bloody and covered with dust, looking dazedB. bloodied and covered with dust, looked dazedC. bloody and covered with dust, looked dazedD. bloodied and covered with dust, looking dazed9. ______ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.A. To be freeB. To freeC. FreeingD. Freed10. The children prefer camping in the mountains ______ an indoor activity.A. toB. thanC. forD. with11. ______ they think it **e to an end through the hands of God, or a natural disaster or a political event, whatever the reason, nearly 15 percent of people worldwide think the end of the world is coming, according to a new poll.A. EitherB. WhetherC. NeitherD. If12. ______before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together.A. Had they arrivedB. Would they arriveC. Were they arrivingD. Were they to arrive13. The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to ______ or to root out, apart from monarchy.A. discardB. discreetC. discordD. disgorge14. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.A. longB. foreverC. lastingD. lively15. ______, the guest speaker was ushered into the auditorium hall to give the lecture.A. Being shown around the campusB. Having shown to the campusC. After been shown around the campusD. Having been shown around the campus16. Unloved and unwanted youngsters may be tempted to run away from home to escape their problems, ______ bigger ones in cities plagued with crime, drugs, and immorality.A. have only foundB. only findingC. only foundD. only to find17. Glass-fiber cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations ______.A. spontaneously B: simultaneously C. immediately D. immiscibly18. "What courses are you going to do next semester?""I don"t know. But it"s about time______on something."A. I"ddecideB. I decidedC. I decideD. I"m deciding19. "What do they eat in Hawaii?" ______ eat rice rather than potatoes."A. Most of peopleB. Most of the peopleC. The most of peopleD. The most people20. Scientists generally hold that language has been so long in use that the length of time writing is known to cover is ______in Comparison.A. overwhelmingB. uninspiringC. astoundingD. triflingPart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionIt happened in the late fall of 1939 when, after a Nazi submarine had penetrated the British sea defense around the Firth of Forth and damaged a British cruiser, Reston and a colleague contrived to get the news past British censorship. They cabled a series of seemingly harmless sentences to The Times"s editors in New York, having first sent a message instructing the editors to regard only the last word of each sentence. Thus they were able to convey enough words to spell out the story. The fact that the news of the submarine attack was printed in New York before it had appeared in the British press sparked a big controversy that led to an investigation by Scotland Yard and British Military Intelligence. But it took the investigators eight weeks to decipher The Times"s reporters" code, an embarrassingly slow bit of detective work, and when it was finally solved the incident had given the story very prominent play, later expressed dismay that the reporters had risked so much for so little. And the incident left Reston deeply distressed. It was so out of character for him to have. become involved in such a thing. The tactics were questionable and, though the United States was not yet in the war, Britain was already established as America"s close ally and breaking British censorship seemed both an irresponsible and unpatriotic thing to do.1. The episode recounted in the passage took place ______.A. just prior to the outbreak of the Second World WarB. bofore Britain entered the Second World WarC. before the United States entered the Second World WarD. while the United States was in the Second World War2. It was clear that British censorship rules had been broken because the story was ______.A. first published in New YorkB. published nowhere but in The TimesC. uncomplimentary to the BristishD. much fuller in its Times version than elsewhere3. According to the author, the British did little about the story"s publication mainly because ______.A. everyone responsible had apologized for what had happenedB. it took the authorities too long to figure out how the censors had been outwittedC. Scotland Yard and British Military Intelligence disagreed about who was at faultD. they were afraid to admit that the censors had been so easily fooled4. The passage indicates that eventually everyone involved came to regard the publication of the story in The Times as a ______.A. regrettable errorB. cheap journalistic trickC. brilliant journalistic maneuverD. proper exercise of the freedom of the pressBefore a big exam, a sound night"s sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between **peting theories of why sleep is good for the memory. one says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then "edited" at night, to flush away what is superfluous.To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of deep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a **ing on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern--what is referred to as "artificial grammar". Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.What is more, those with more to learn (i. e. , the "grammar", as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The "editing" theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.5. Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to ______A. how dreams are modified in their coursesB. the difference between sleep and wakefulnessC. why sleep is of great benefit to memoryD. the functions of a good night"s sleep6. As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by ______A. intensely active brainwave tracesB. subjects" quicker response timesC. complicated memory patternsD. revival of events in the previous day7. By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show ______A. its significance in the studyB. an inherent pattern being learntC. its resemblance to the lightsD. the importance of night"s sleep8. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand or express the emotion that it ______ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A. reflectsB. retainsC. rousesD. radiatesin science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization"s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modem scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces "really" are. "Electricity," Bertrand Russell says, "is not a thing, like St. Paul"s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell." Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that"s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that"s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.9. Bertrand Russell"s notion about electricity is______A. disapproved of by most modern scientistsB. in agreement with Aristotle"s theory of self-evident principlesC. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "how" things happenD. in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward "why" things happen10. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea that______A. there are self-evident principlesB. there are mysterious forces in the universeC. man cannot discover what forces "really" areD. we can discover why things behave as they do11. The expression "speculated on" (Line 4) means______A. consideredB. suspectedC. expectedD. engaged in buying and sellingThe domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the years as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary andfiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Final]y, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the **ponent of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead--and indeed for the longer run--remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve **petitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three Program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large; however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy"s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.12. The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show ______.A. the continuing expansion of the economyB. the growth of consumer purchasing powerC. the consumers" confidence in the economyD. the soaring consumer incomes for spending13. Paragraph 2 mainly deals with ______.A. economic policy measures suggested by the PresidentB. the causes of business development for the periodC. the stimulative monetary and fiscal policesD. the revival of stronger liquidity positions14. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that the author"s attitude toward the reduction of the international payments deficit seems ______.A. bitter-sweetB. pessimisticC. sympatheticD. doubtful15. Part of the public policy task, as outlined in the text, is to ______.A. prevent payments deficitB. devalue the American dollarC. avoid inflationary pressuresD. increase the balance of trade16. It can be learned from the last paragraph that the Phase Three Program contained ______.A. devaluation of the dollarB. productivity measuresC. reduced government spendingD. wage and price controlsPart Ⅲ ClozeThe strangest weather of last year was possibly not on Earth, but on the Sun. Every 11 years 31 the Sun goes through a cycle of sunspots--actually magnetic storms erupting across its surface. The number of sunspots 32 its minimum in 2007 and 33 have increased soon afterwards, but the Sun has remained strangely quiet since then. Scientists have been baffled as weeks and sometimes months have gone by without a single sunspot, in 34 is thought to be the deepest solar minimum for almost 100 years.This 35 of solar activity means that cosmic rays reaching Earth from space have increased and the planet"s ionosphere in the upper atmosphere has sunk in 36 , giving less drag on satellites and making collisions between them and space junk more likely. The solar minimum could also be cooling the climate on Earth because of slightly diminished solar irradiance. In fact, the quiet spell on the Sun may be 37 some of the warming effects of greenhouse gases, accounts for the somewhat flat temperature trend of the past decade. But 38 if this solar minimum is offsetting global warming, scientists stress that the overall effect is relatively slight and certainly will not last.The Sun has gone into long quiet spells before. From 1645 to 1715 few sunspots were seen during a period called the Little Ice Age, when short summers and savage winters often plagued Northern Europe. Scotland was hit particularly 39 as harvests were ruined in cold, miserable summers, which led to famine, death, migration and huge depopulation. But whether the quiet Sun was entirely to blame for it remains highly 40 .1.A. and soB. or soC. on soD. soon2.A. increasedB. gotC. reducedD. reached3.A. shouldB. couldC. wouldD. might4.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. how5.A. muchB. lackC. numberD. amount6.A. highB. heightC. altitudeD. space7.A. makingB. causingC. decreasingD. masking8.A. evenB. whatC. in caseD. still9.A. hardB. severeC. harshD. heavy10.A. certainB. unlikelyC. likelyD. uncertainPart Ⅳ Proofreading(66)Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $28 billion-- a 9.4 percent jump from 2005.(67) There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who tared best.(68) Stanford"s $911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future.(69)"There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to invest,"said Martin Shell, Stanford"s vice president for development. (70) "This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends."(71) Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $595 million.(72) National, donations from alumni rose 18.3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education.(73)Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education.(74)Giving from other groups, such as corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts.(75)Survey director Ann Kaplan said the strong economics played a role, but universities also were asking more aggressively as part of formal fund-raising campaigns.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.。

中国人民大学2009年博士研究生入学考试(英语)试题Information is the primary commodity in more and more industries today.By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japanare not far behind.By 2005, half of all knowledge workers (22% of the labour force) will choose"flextime, flexplace"arrangements, which allow them to work at home, communicating with the office via computer networks.In the United States, the so-called "digital divide"seems to be disappearing. In early 2000, apoll found, that, where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African- American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly. Hispanic households continued tolag behind, but their rate of computer ownership was expanding as well.Company-owned and industry-wide television networks are bringing programming to thousands of locations. Business TV is becoming big business.Computer competence will approach 100% in US urban areas by the year 2005, with Europeand Japannot far behind.80% of US homes will have computers in 2005, compared with roughly 50% now.In theUnited States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers betweennow and 2005 will be computer related.Demand for programmers and systems analysts will grow by 70%. The same trend is accelerating in Europe, Japan, and India.By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning. Others will come with CD-ROMs that offer similar resources.Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the worldby 2005. It will be possible to call up on a PC screen millions of volumes from distant libraries. Web sites enhance books by providing pictures, sound, film clips, and flexible, indexing and search utilities.Implications: Anyone with access to the Internet will be able to achieve the education neededto build a productive life in an increasingly high-tech world. Computer learning may even reduce the growingAmericanprisonpopulation.Knowledge workers are generally better paid than less-skilled workers. Their wealth israising overall prosperity.Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions require a growing level of education. For a good career in almost any field, computer competence is a must. This is one majortrend raising the level of education required for a productive role in today's work force. For many workers, the opportunity for training is becoming one of the most desirable benefits any job can offer.1. Informationtechnology is expected to have impact on all the following EXCEPT ____.A.Americanmanagement personnelB.Europeanmanagement personnelC.Americanpeople's choice of careerD.traditional practice at work2. "digital divide"in the 4th paragraph refers to ____.A.the gap in terms of computer ownershipB.the tendency of computer ownershipC.the dividing line based on digitsD.the ethnic distinction amongAmericanhouseholds3. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?A.By 2005 all college and school study materials will turnelectronic.B.By 2005 printed college and school study materials will be supplemented with electronic material.C.By 2005 some college and school study materials will be accompanied by CD-ROMs.D.By 2005 Internet links make worldwide library search a possibility.4. Which of the following areas is NOT discussed in the passage?A.Future careers.B.Nature of future work.C.Ethnic differences.D.Schools and libraries.5. At the end of the passage, the author seems to emphasize ____ in an increasingly high-tech world.A.the variety of educationB.the contentof educationC.the need for educationD.the functionof educationIt often happens that a number of applicants with almost identical qualifications and experience all apply for the same position.In their educational background, special skills and work experience, there is little, if anything, to choose between half a dozen candidates. How then does the employer make a choice? Usually on the basis of an interview.There are many arguments for and against the interview as a selection procedure. The main argumentagainst it is that it results in a wholly subjective decision.As oftenas not, emplyers do notchoose the best candidate, they choose the candidate who makes a good first impression on them.Some employers, of course, reply to this argumentby saying thatthey have become so experiencedin interviewing staff that they are able to make a sound assessment of each candidate’s likely performance.4The main argument in favour of the interview — and it is, perhaps, a good argument— is thatan employer is concerned not only with a candidate ’ s ability, but with the suitability of his or her personality for the particular work situation. Many employers, for example, will overlook occasional inefficiencies from their secretary provided she has a pleasantpersonality.It is perhas true to say, therefore, that the real purpose of an interview is not to assess the assssable aspects of each candidate but to make a guess at the more intangible things, such as personality, character and social ability. Unfortunately, both for the employers and applicants forjobs, there are many people of great ability who simply do not interview well. There are also, of course, people who interview extremely well, but are later found to be very unsatisfactory employees.Candidates who interview well tend to be quietly confident, but never boastful; direct and straightforward in their questions and answers; cheerful and friendly, but never over-familiar; andsincerely enthusiastic and optimistic. Candidates who interview badly tend to be at either end of the spectrum of human behaviour. They are either very shy or over-confident. They show either a lack of enthusiasm or an excess of it. They either talk too little or never stop talking. They are either over-polite or rudely abrupt.2.We c an infer from the passage that an employer might tolerate his secretary’ s occasional mistakes, if the latter is ____A.direct.B.cheerful.C. shy.D.capable.3.Whatis the author ’ s attitude towards the interview as a selectionprocedure?A.Unclear.B.Negative.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.4.According to the passage, people argue over the interview as a selection procedure mainly because they have ____.A.differentselectionproceduresB.differentpuposes in the interviewC.differentstandards for competenceD.differentexperiences in interviews5.The purpose of the lastparagraph is to indicate ____.A.a link betweensuccess in interview and personalityB.connections betweenwork abilities and personalityC.differences in interview experienceD.differences in personal behaviorIn the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing notonly our culture, butour very bodies as well.First. Let's talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, thefixed-line phone, you getwhoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing thathas changed our culture forever, is the "meeting" influence. People no longer need to make firm plansabout when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer "see you thereat 8", but"textme around 8 and we'll see where we all are".Texting changes people as well. In their paper, "insights into the Social and PsychologicalEffects of SMS Text Messaging", two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the "talkers" and the "texters"-those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer textto voice.They found that the mobile phone's individuality and privacy gave texters the ability toexpress a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would besurprised if they were to read their texts.This suggests thattexting allowed texters to presenta self-image thatdiffered from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language.There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the "speakeasy": the head is heldhigh, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the "spacemaker": these people focus onthemselves andkeep outother people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people's privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn'tworry so much.After all, it is goodto talk.1. Whenpeople planto meetnowadays, theyA.arrange the meeting place beforehandB.postpone fixing the place till lastminuteC.seldom care aboutwhenandwhere to meetD.still love to work outdetailedmeeting plans.2. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are mostly likely to be seenonA.talkersB.the "speakeasy"C.the "spacemaker"D.texters3.We caninfer from the passage thatthe texts sentby texters areA.quite revealingB.well writtenC.unacceptable by othersD.shocking to others4. According to the passage ,who is afraidof being heardwhile talking on the mobileA.talkersB.the speakeasyC.the spacemakerD.texters5. Anappropriate title for the passage mightbeA.the SMS effectB.culturalimplication of mobile useC.change in the use of the mobileD.body language andthe mobile phoneI am one of the many city people who are always saying thatgiventhe choice we wouldpreferto live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself thatif it weren'tfor my job I wouldimmediately headoutfor the openspaces andgo back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the county.Buthow realistic is the dream?Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when youlive fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of fiats. Children become aggressive and nervous - cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the restof the world.Strangely enough, whereas in the pastthe inhabitants of onestreet all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don't even say helloto each other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together.People have the advantage ofknowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too.While it is true thatyou may be among friends in a village, it is also true thatyouare cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There's little possibilityof going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anythingslightly out of the ordinary you have to goon an expedition to the nearest large town. The city- dweller who leaves for thecountry is oftenoppressedby a sense of unbearable stillness andquiet. What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off: the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. Butone of its main advantages is thatyou are at the centre of things, and thatlife doesn'tcome to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromisebetween the two: they have expressed their preference for the "quiet life" by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind-they are polluted with strange ideas aboutchange andimprovement which they force on to the unwilling origina l inhabitants of the villages. What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring "morning" to the localsas they pass by. I'm keen on the idea, but you see there's my cat, Toby. I'm not at all sure that he 7would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty malesdown the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire anyevening.1.We getthe impression from the firstparagraph thatthe author___.edto live in the countryedto work in the cityC.works in the cityD.lives in the country2. In the author's opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT___.A.a strong sense of fearck of communicationC.housing conditionsD.a sense of isolation3. The passage implies that it is easy to buy' the following things in the country EXCEPT___A.daily necessitiesB.fresh fruitsC.designer clothesD.fresh vegetables4. According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes those people who work in large cities andlive in villages?A.Original.B.Quiet.C.Arrogant.D. Insensitive.5. Do you think the author will move to the country?A. Yes, he will do so.B.No, he will notdo so.C. It is difficultto tell.D.He is in two minds.3 汉英译汉10%We all have biological clock which … when we sleep and when we wake up. If you wake up at 7 every weekday morning but sleep until noon on weekend,you'll upset your biological clock and befatigued.On weekend we should go to bed to sleep early in order to make your biological clock happy andrelieve fatigue.4 英汉译英10%最近的新闻报道说，有一名马里兰州（Maryland）男子对手机制造商提起了法律诉讼，诉称手机微波使他患上了脑癌。

9. A) Saturday morning B) Saturday afternoon.C) Sunday morning. D) Sunday afternoon.10. A) In October. B) She isn't certain.C) In April. D) Between April and October.2) 听短文（3段）Directions: In this section you will hear some short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Write your answer on the answer sheet.第一段.11. How did the speaker and his wife get around in London?A) By taxis. B) By bus. C) On foot. D) By car.12. Which of the following places haven’t they been to during their stay in London?A) Buckingham Palace. B) Oxford Street.C) The National Gallery. D) The British Museum.13. What could they do in London that they can’t do at home?A) Have some very good meals. B) Go shopping.C) See some very good plays. D) Do sightseeing.14. Which of the following is NOT true about the couple?A) They thought English food is bad.B) They will visit London again.C) They visited London last October.D) They didn’t take their umbrella last year.第二段15. In which seasons is basketball played?A) Spring, autumn and winter. B) Autumn, winter and summer.C) Winter, summer and spring. D) Summer, spring and autumn.16. Why is basketball considered a school sport?A) Every student can play basketball well.B) Students play basketball every day.C) All schools and colleges have their basketball teams.D) Students are taught to play basketball at school.17. Which is the most popular sport in summer in America?A) Football. B) V olleyball. C) Baseball. D) Basketball.第三段18. What kinds of shops are mentioned in the United States and Europe?A) Shops that sell cats and dogs.B) Shops that take care of cats and dogs.C) Shops that provide medical treatment for pets.D) Shops that sell jewelry, clothing and food for pets.19. Why do most people own pets?A) to have good and friendly company. B) To make them live a good life.C) To keep away unwanted animals. D) To keep away loneliness.20. Do pets and people around the world all live in the same way?A) No, they don't. B) Yes, they do.C) It's hard to say. D) The passage doesn't tell.Part Two: 阅读理解(20% )Directions: There are FOUR passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the answer sheet.第一段Among the more interesting things to observe as you travel in the world are the ways in which people conduct themselves at parties. In some countries men and women drift to opposite ends of the room and talk to one another; in others they sit in large chairs around the edge of the room and talk only to the people on either side of them, or silently eat and observe the scene.It is normal in some lands for a person to remain patiently silent until he has been introduced, then to talk only to those whom he has "met properly."As you would imagine, Americans move about a great deal at parties. At small gatherings they may sit down, but as soon as there are more people than chairs in a room or better yet, a little before this point you will see first one and then another make some excuse to get to his feet (to fetch a drink or greet a friend or open a window) until soon everyone is standing, moving around, chatting with one group and then another. We expect people to move about and be "self-starters." It is quite normal for Americans to introduce themselves: they will drift around a room stopping to talk wherever they like, introducing themselves and their companions. If this happens, you are expected to reply by giving your name and introducing the person with you; then at least the men generally shake hands. Sometimes the women do so as well, but often they merely nod and smile. A man usually shakes a woman's hand only if she extends it. Otherwise he too just nods and greets her.The basic rule at big parties is: don't stay in one place for too long. Pick out people who you think look interesting, then go talk to them. Women should not clusterin a group with each other or hide themselves away in a corner. They too move around the room either with their husbands or escorts or alone, whichever they prefer, unless they are strategically located (and attractive!) so that people keep coming up to them. The point of a party is to meet and talk with people; the fact that you are all there together under your host's roof is in itself a form of introduction in our view. As a result, anyone can feel free to talk to anyone else.When you first arrive at a large party, the host or hostess may introduce you to two or three people nearby, but if others are still arriving, he or she may then return to greet newcomers, expecting you to go on by yourself, moving from group to group. If this feels too uncomfortable and frightening, it is quite all right to say to someone, "I am a stranger here and know no one. Could you introduce me to some of the people?" Almost anyone will feel flattered that you turned to him for help and will gladly take you under his wing, introducing you and easing your discomfort.21. This article discusses ___.A) all kinds of parties B) people's activities at partiesC) all kinds of people at parties D) how people should behave at parties22. By saying "We expect people to move about and be “self-starters” the author suggests __.A) introducing yourself actively to other peopleB) being introduced by the host or hostessC) being introduced by other peopleD) starting out23. What's the author's attitude towards American's moving around at parties?A) Agreeable. B) Disagreeable. C) Critical D) Indifferent.24. From the last paragraph we know that ___.A) the host or hostess may introduce all the other guests to youB) you should not speak to strangersC) strangers are willing to introduce themselves to youD) strangers are willing to introduce you to others if you ask for their help25. From this article we can conclude that at parties __.A) we should stay aloneB) we should try to get ourselves known to more peopleC) we only talk to people we are familiar withD) we just nod and greet women but don't shake hands with them第二段It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. CarefulAmerican studies have disclosed the fact that 80 per cent of mothers cradle their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females, but not enough to provide an adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 per cent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but then so do 78 per cent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 per cent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation.The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the left side of the mother's body. Could it be that the sound of her heart-beat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixated ("imprinted") on the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the rediscovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frighteningly new world outside. If this is so then the mother, either instinctively or by an unconscious series of trials and errors, would soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart, than on the right.26. The first paragraph mainly talks about ______.A) the correct ways to hold a babyB) the position in which most mothers hold their babiesC) the significant difference between right-handed and left- handed mothersD) the predominance of right-handedness in the population27. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The predominance of right-handedness could not fully explain why mostmothers hold their babies on the left sideB) Most mothers love to fondle, cuddle and clean their babies.C) There is a slight difference between right-handed and left- handed mothers inthe way of holding their babies.D) Most mothers hold their babies on the left side in order to keep their dominantright arm free to do other things.28. The word "emerges" in the first paragraph can best be replaced by ______.A) turns out B) looks like C) shows D) seems29. The word "it" in "especially as it has just been. . . " of the second paragraph refers to ______.A) the infantB) the mother's bodyC) the sound of the mother's heart-beatD) the rediscovery of the familiar sound30. We can learn from the passage that ______.A) most left-handed mothers hold their babies on the right sideB) only right-handed mothers prefer to hold their babies on the right sideC) the sound of the mother's heart-beat might have a calming effect on the babyD) it is after birth that the baby begins to get used to the sound of the mother'sheart-beat第三段Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “life-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction——the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body——this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.31. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ______.A) he has saved up enough moneyB) he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelterC) he has satisfied his hungerD) he has learned to build houses32. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II most Americans ______.A) were very richB) lived in povertyC) had the good things on the first three levelsD) did not own automobiles33. Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction”?A) A successful career. B) A cozy home.C) A good service. D) A family car.34. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?A)The more goods the better.B) The more mental satisfaction the better.C) The more“luxury” items the better.D) The more earnings the better.35. The author is inclined to think that a fifth level ______.A) would be little better than the fourth levelB) may be a lot more desirable than the first fourC) can be the last and most satisfying levelD) will become attainable provided the government takes actions第四段The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the death on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people, just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence.Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological conditions of the drivers. Emotional upsets can distort drivers' reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make aconscious effort to keep emotions under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations; they are at fault in most vehicle-walker accidents; and many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at the ‘points of manufacture’and through periodic roadworthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the road.36. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A) To show that the motor vehicles is a very dangerous invention.B) To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers.C) To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions.D) To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving.37. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem because ________.A) autos have become most destructive to mankindB) people usually pay attention to law and moralityC) civilization brings much harm to peopleD) the lack of virtue is becoming more severe38. The author mentions the psychological condition of the driver in paragraph 3 ________.A) to give an example of the various reasons for road accidentsB) to show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthyC) to show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchersD) to illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving39. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accident?A) Careless bicycle-riders.B) Mindless people walking in the street.C) Irresponsible drivers.D) Irresponsible manufacturers of automobiles.40. The author's attitude toward a future without traffic accident is ________.A) doubtful yet still longing for itB) happy and rather confidentC) surprised and very pleasedD) disappointed and deeply worriedPart Three: 完型填空(10% )Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with some blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Sometimes it is better not to know the __ (41) __ of a country that you are visiting __ (42) __ it is to know just a little of it. The __ (43) __ is this: the natives of your __ (44) __ country will often rush to __ (45) __ you if you seem completely lost and helpless. But they will usually misunderstand your small __ (46) __ to speak their language. They will think that you know __ (47) __ more than you do. For example, I once asked three people __ (48) __ carefully memorized phrasebook Spanish how to get to a bus station in Mexico City. __ (49) __ each of them poured out a flood of __ (50) __ Spanish. The result was __ (51) __ I didn't understand a word and __ (52) __ around for an hour before I found the station. __ (53) __ I had missed the bus. The next time I encountered a(n ) __ (54) __ like this in another city, I was a lot __ (55) __, so I acted dumbly. Trying to look very pitiful, I __ (56) __ a stranger and asked simply, "Bus station?" He __ (57) __ told me how to get there; he showed me the __ (58) __, walking three blocks out of his __ (59) __ to help a poor, dumb and helpless __ (60) __.41. A) conventions B) customs C) people D) language42. A) if B) unless C) than D) when43. A) cause B) reason C) explanation D) account44. A) host B) home C) foreign D) visiting45. A) help B) show C) tell D) direct46. A) intentions B) attempts C) gestures D) motions47. A) a little B) no C) a lot D) many48. A) with B) by C) from D) in49. A) In fact B) In turn C) In reply D) In charge50. A) complicated B) detailed C) speaking D) academic51. A) then B) what C) so D) that52. A) wandered B) waited C) looked D) travelled53. A) Before long B) Soon after C) By then D) Just then54. A) accident B) chance C) opportunity D) situation55. A) smarter B) clever C) intelligent D) knowledgeable56. A) met B) stopped C) caught D) grabbed57. A) at once B) at first C) not only D) right away58. A) route B) road C) street D) place59. A) place B) house C) direction D) way60. A) loser B) stranger C) layman D) comerPart Four: 词汇及语法结构(20% )（20小题）Directions: In this part，there are some incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.61. Eventually it ________ that not one word of his story to the police was true.A) came off B) came on C) came out D) came up62. The money I've saved is my ________ against hardship.A) safety B) choice C) luxury D) security63. Take a deep _________ and you will feel better.A) air B) look C) breath D) consideration64. The manager said that his secretary usually opened the _________ delivered to the office every morning.A) presents B) mail C) milk D) goods65. A man who lacks _________ will hardly achieve anything.A) luck B) solution C) resolution D) culture66. Jim told a joke which made the whole class ________ with laughter.A) roar B) reflect C) explain D) amplify67. The thieves ________ the papers all over the room while they were searching for the money.A) scattered B) scolded C) screwed D) scratched68. Some creatures, for example, lizards, can ________ lost parts of their bodies, but we human beings can not.A) produce B) reproduce C) develop D) cultivate69. I saw a thief take Norman's wallet, so I ran _______ him, but I didn't catch him.A) into B) after C) over D) near70. He died _______ his life work still unfinished.A) before B) but C) with D) while71. I cannot make an intelligent decision before I look into both sides of the question, ______.A) the dean cannot, too B) neither can the deanC) the dean can neither D) either the dean cannot72. Are you helping to organize the political convention?" "I'm in charge of welcoming the ______."A) out-of-town visitors B) visitors from outside of townC) visitors out-of-town D) outside town visitors73. ______ the book a second time, and you will probably have quite different interpretations of the events described in it.A) If you were to read B) Read C) As you read D) Reading74. ______ breaks the law will be fined or put in jail.A) No matter who B) Whoever C) Those who D) Whenever one75. He is such a careless person that I will be surprised ____________ he doesn't have an accident.A) whether B) if C) as long as D) on condition that76. I have the impression __________ all the pupils of this class are interested in English.A) which B) of which C) that D) of that77. ___________ at New York University, Peter was elected chairman of the student union and organized many exciting activities.A) When being a student B) When he is a studentC) As a student D) As being a student78. When a friend gave Jim a ticket, he ____________ to the game.A) couldn't help but go B) can't help but goC) couldn't help but going D) can't help but going79. ______ the people have become masters of their own country______ science can really serve the people.A) It is only then/that B) It was that/whenC) It is only when/that D) It was when/then80. ______ all his friends and money gone, he felt totally hopeless.A) For B) Since C) Because D) With（以上80题答案请写在答题卡上，谢谢）2009年金陵协和神学院研究生入学考试答题卡准考证号_____________ 1．41.2．42.3. 43.4．44.5．45.6．46.7．47.8．48.9．49.10．50.11．51.12．52.13．53.14．54.15．55.16．56.17．57.18．58.19．59.20．60.21．61.22．62.23．63.24．64.25．65.26．66.27．67.28．68.29．69.30．70.31．71.32．72.33．73.34．74.35．75.36．76.37．77.38．78.39．79.40．80.试卷B 写作及神学英语部分写作(10% 150字以上)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "Living in the City or in the Country". The first sentence of each paragraph is given. Your part of writing should be no less than 150 words.1. Many people appreciate the convenience of the city.________2. The countryside is attractive with its rural scenes.________3. However, both the city and the country have their own disadvantages.________神学英语一、词汇（10%）要求给出简单的英文解释1. Ascension：2. Fideism:3. Providence:4. Merit:5. Immortality:二、阅读理解（15%，可用中文回答）A．For Asians, the spirituality of Christianity is more important than dogmatics defined and explained in Western rational categories. Christianity must be seen and experienced as a spiritual force. Asian Christian theologians argue that alongside the great religions of their continent, Christianity cannot continue to claim to be the one and only true religion. It is definitely a true religion, but God is ever greater and Gods’ presence has revealed itself through other spiritual traditions. Reflections on the story of Noah and God’s covenant made with humanity (Gn. 9:1-7) suggest that the growth and development of diverse cultures with their own religious traditions correspond to the great blessing pronounced by God after the flood. Because of God’s universal will to save (I Tm.2:4), it is unthinkable that God would exclude entire continents from divine love and care. God gifted each people with a specific wisdom and revelation. As the Christian scriptures are a source of divine revelation, so too in their way are the scriptures of the world religions.6. According to the passage, what is the feature of Asian Christianity? (2%)7. What is Asian Christian theologians’ attitude toward other religions? (5%)He held that God has with him from eternity his Word and his Wisdom. But for him these two simply coincide with the beginning of God and have nothing to do with the second and third persons of the Trinity. The Word, on the other hand, which in Jesus Christ became flesh, is a creature of God, created by him out of nothing before the beginning of time. Not that he puts the Son on the same plane with other creatures. According to him the Son is a perfect creature, but he is not a creature in the sense in which other creatures are. In referring to the Son as a creature, says he, one should not speak of a generation of the Son, since this would bring him too close to the Father. Only in a derivative sense should the word “generation” ever be used. Under no circumstances may any unity of substance between Father and Son be asserted. This is for him the worst heresy. What must be said instead is that God was not always Father, but that there was a time when he was alone and was not yet Father. Only later did he become Father. Immutability may not be asserted of the Son as it can of the Father. The Son may be called God, to be sure, but his divinity is not an attribute of his being. It is something bestowed upon him by God’s grace.8. What does the underlined word “Immutability” mean? (1%)9. According to the passage, what is the relationship between the Father and the Son? (6%)10. Whose point of view do you think is the passage concerned with? (1%)三、翻译（15%）请将划线部分译成汉语。

2009年6⽉研究⽣英语学位考试真题及答案2009年6⽉研究⽣学位英语考试真题及答案A卷Part I Listening Comprehension (25 MINUTES, 20 POINTS)Section A (1 point each)Direction: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation。

question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. Visit her parents.B. Go to the dentist.C. Meet her professor.D. Have a job interview.2. A. Bob is majoring in history.B. Bob is a little boring.C. He likes Bob very much.D. They should invite Bob to the party.3. A. The flight was delayed.B. She didn't like the movies.C. She had seen both movies before.D. No movies were shown on her flight.4. A. It’s drier.B. It’s wetter.C. It’s abnormal.D. It’s an average year.5. A. Western.B. Horror.C. Science fiction.D. Action.6. A. Wait for MikeB. Ask Mike to come.C. Pick Mike up in the morning．D. Stop working for the day.7. A. She doesn’t like playing tennis．B. She was thinking the same as the man.C. She had something else in mind.D. She had suggested the same thing earlier.8. A. Matt wants to be cheered up.B. Matt has lost himself.C. Matt worries little about the game.D. Martha feels a little depressed.9. A. The man is a coward.B. The man is too careful.C. Martha likes chicken very much.D. Martha is not the right person for him.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the balks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause.. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given .by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. Mr. Lee always wastes time in class．B. Mr. Lee likes talking about history.C. Mr. Lee always feels bored in class．D. Mr. Lee is a little funny.11. A. Boring.B. Satisfactory.C. Inconsistent.D. Inspiring.12. A. Jim has taken a low end job.B. Jim has got a well-paid job.C. Jim is not hopeless in finding a job．D. Jim is desperate in finding a job.Mini-talk Two13. A. The control of drug trafficking in the United States．B. The anti-drug war about the border between Mexico and U.S．C. The investigation of the death of a retired U.S．general.D. The fight of corruption inside Mexican police.14. A. The criminal groups are growing very rapidly.B. The criminal groups can get more profits now.C. Mexican government has not been serious about the drug trade.D. Mexican government is effective in fighting the drug trade.15. A. 6,000B. 10,000C. 45,000D. 54,000Section C（1 point each)Directions; In this section, you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording, you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.请在录⾳结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. For best results with the least risk, tomatoes should be planted when _________.17. Some larger tomatoes may need at least a meter and a half __________．18. The average air temperature should be about _________Celsius．19. There was a time when people thought tomatoes _________，which is not true.20. Some fruits may be called “vegetables” because they are used in delicious foods instead of__________.Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets onyour ,machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21．People who work overtime at any job are more likely to sustain a work-related injury than those who work their regular hours.A. maintainB. endureC. supportD. suffer22. These instruments are so powerful as to enable them to ascertain many facts of the deepest interest.A. put outB. find outC. wear outD. turn out23. Kunz looked set to become a star in his field, but he gave it all up after these failures.A. fixedB. stereotypedC. determinedD. built24. In the disciplines underlying our high-tech economy, America is steadily losing its global edge.A. borderC. appealD. territory25. The Chinese economy is less affected, so there is no reason to take a dim view of economic growth.A. pessimisticB. blackC. vagueD. positive26．The spacecraft touched down on schedule and the astronauts were helped out of it.A. launched B．operated C. landed D. crashed27. In the tropic rainforest there is a wide range of species peculiar to this area.A. specificB. oddC. distinctD. familiar28. The officer distributed among the youngster all the blankets and provisions, withholding himself only a canteen.A. keeping offB. keeping backC. keeping atD. keeping up29．These graduates are more than obliged to the college for the happy four years of college life.A. obligatoryB. reluctantC. indifferentD. grateful30. Regular exercise can keep you energetic and contribute to a productive life in the long run.A. athleticallyB. successivelyC. ultimatelyD. persistentlySection B (0.5 point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. Observers commented that loss of independence was too high a(n) _________ to pay for peace.A. costC. expenditureD. price32. The journalist who had set out to obtain these important facts__________a long time to send them.A. spentB. tookC. passedD. consumed33．Telling your doctor about all the medicines you take may help avoid serious drug_________．A. interactionsB. interruptionsC. interventionsD. institutions34. Two dozen New Yorkers stood on the platform at the subway station, __________briefcases and newspapers·A. clippingB. clutchingC. clashingD. clarifying35．Each __________ effort a baby makes at speech is a sign of intellectual development.A. cordialB. compactC. clumsyD. chronic36. Iran has expanded its uranium enrichment activities__________ UN demands to scrap its nuclear-related programs·A, in defiance of B. in line with C. in return for D. in relation to37．China moved to ________ its grain production when its grain output had kept declining for five consecutive years．A. turn upB. take upC. step upD. make up38．The most interesting thing ________ Americans is that they are brought up to believe they are the best at evervthing.A. withB. inC. fromD. about39. The dean asked the secretary if there were enough people _________to hold a faculty meeting.A. on purposeB. on endC. on handD. on average40. Visitors to this war museum are ___________ to see photos of mass massacre by Japanese soldiers．A. amazedB. startledC. wonderedD. startedPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.It's a new world, and we barely seem to have noticed. Places we ____41_____ with inexpensive low-end manufacturing are going high-tech in a big ____42_____. The spotlight is mainly in China and India, for good_____43______. The Chinese economy is surging, ___44___ by increasingly sophisticated engineering, with products____45____ from automobiles to semiconductors. India has nearly as _____46_____ an economy, powered by a cheap English-speaking labor force who ____47____ in software and services.Along with these ____48_____ giants，countries like Japan, South Korea and Singapore are also challenging America’s _____49_____ . If present trends continue, 90% of all the world’s scientists and engineers will be living in Asia_____50_____ 2010, according to Nobel Prize winner Richard E. Smalley, professor of chemistry and physics at Rice University:41. A. deal B. associate C. communicate D. concern42. A. scale . B. route C. Way D. dimension43. A. reason B. purpose C. effect D. health44. A. checked B. burned C. fueled D. extinguished45. A. varying B. differing C. changing D. ranging46. A. tragic B. drastic C. dynamic D. static47. A. surpass B. excel C. overtake D. bypass48. A. emerging B. diverging C. submerging D. merging49. A. manipulation B. presidency C. constitution D.dominance50. A. until B. in C. by D. beforePART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneHeadphones used with MP3 digital -music players like the iPod may interfere with heart pacemakers（起搏器）and implantable defibrillators（除颤器），U.S．researchers said. The MP3 players themselves posed no threat to pacemakersand defibrillators, used to normalize heart rhythm. But strong little magnets inside the headphones can foul即the devices if placed within 1.2 inches of them, the researchers told an American Heart Association meeting in New Orleans．Dr. William Maisel of the Medical Device Safety Institute in Boston led a team that tested eight models of MP3 player headphones，including clip-on and ear-plug types, in 60 defibrillator and pacemaker patients．They placed the headphones on the patients' chests，directly over the devices．The headphones interfered with the heart devices in about a quarter of the patients⼀14 of the 60⼀and interference was twice as likely in those with a defibrillator than with a pacemaker. Another study presented at the meeting showed that cellular phones equipped with wireless technology known as Bluetooth are unlikely to interfere with pacemakers.A pacemaker sends electrical impulses to the heart to speed up or slow heart rhythm. The magnet, however, couldmake it deliver a signal no matter what the heart rate is, the researchers said.An implantable defibrillator signals the heart to normalize its rhythm if it gets too fast or slow. A magnet couldde-activate it, making it ignore an abnormal heart rhythm instead of delivering an electrical shock to normalize it.The devices usually go back to working the right way after the headphones are removed, the researchers said."The main message here is: it's fine for patients to use their headphones normally, meaning the⼣can listen to music and keep the headphones in their ears．But what they should not do is put the headphones near their device,，，Maisel said in a telephone interview.So that means people with pacemakers or defibrillators should not place the headphones in a shirt pocket or coat pocket near the chest when they are not being used, and should not place them over their chest or have others who are wearing headphones rest their head on the patient's chest, Maisel said.51. How can MP3 digital music players hinder pacemakers and defibrillators?A. P3 players can interfere with heart pacemakers and defibrillators．B. The magnets inside the headphones can interfere with pacemakers and defibrillators．C. The loud music beats pose a threat to pacemakers and defibrillators．D. MP3 players are placed too close to pacemakers and defibrillators．52. Dr. William Maisel’s tests showed that ___________.A. headphones had interference with the heart devices in every patientB. half of the models of MP3 player headphones had interference with heart devicesC. headphones had much stronger interference with a defibrillator than with a pacemakerD. headphones had much stronger interference with a pacemaker than with a defibrillator53．Bluetooth is mentioned as an example of cell phones that _____________.A. have little interference with the heart devicesB. are used in the tests in Dr. William Maisel’s studyC. are equipped with wireless technologyD. will replace the MP3 player headphones54. The magnets inside the headphones can cause problems by _________.A. sending out electrical shock to damage heartsB. sending out signals to make hearts beat too slowC. seeding out signals to make hearts beat too fastD. making the heart devices malfunction55. People with pacemakers or defibrillators should __________.A. never use MP3 digital music playersB. not use MP3 headphonesC. not use the headphones near their heartsD. put the headphones in a pocket when they are not being used56. The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to ___________.A. report the effects of cell phones on heartsB. warn people not to use modern gadgetsC. compare different headphone productsD. inform people of the safe use of MP3 playersPassage TwoCyber crime is likely to bring about as much destruction as the credit crisis in the coming years if international regulation is not improved, some of the world’s top crime experts said Damage caused by cyber crime is estimated at $100 billion annually, said Kilian Strauss, of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)．"These criminals outsmart us ten, or a hundred to one,，，Strauss told Reuters, adding more Internet experts were needed to investigate and tackle cyber crime.Criminal organizations are exploiting a regulatory vacuum to commit Internet crimes such as computer spying, money-laundering and theft of personal information, and the scope for damage is vast, experts told a European Economic Crime conference in Frankfurt. "We need multilateral understanding, account and oversight to avoid, in the years to come, a cyber crisis equivalent to the current financial crisis,”Antonio Maria Costa, Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, said.Internet crime is also a threat to national security, they said. Several countries, including the United States, have voiced concern over some hackers’ abilities to electronically spy on them’and disrupt computer networks．Calls for greater regulation of the Internet come at a time of regulatory renaissance, with policymakers looking to support the powers of financial sector watchdogs in the wake of the global financial crisis．"Because of the transnational nature of identity-related crime, and especially of cyber-crime, if we do not tackle the crime everywhere we will not solve it anywhere,” Costa said. The President of Interpol, Khoo Boon Hui, said increasingly highly technological gangs from Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa ～coming up with ever～sophisticated ways of swindling money from vulnerable people. He also said there was a trend of company bosses being bribed by fraudsters claiming to have guilty evidence about their firms.Strauss, who works as Senior Program Officer at the Office of the Coordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental activities, said Internet crime watchdogs could learn a lot from criminals willing to switch sides．57. The main idea of the passage is that _________.A. cyber crime is as destructive as the credit crisis in the coming yearsB. damage caused by cyber crime is very serious and will get worseC. to fight cyber crime requires enhanced international regulationD. international organizations should be established to crush cyber crime58. According to Kilian Strauss, _____________.A. cyber criminals are 10 or 100 times smarter than Internet expertsB. Internet exerts are 10 or 100 times smarter than cyber criminalsC. as cyber criminals are very smart, more experts are needed to light against themD. the investigation of the cyber crime takes time and money59. Criminal organizations can commit internet crimes because _________.A. there is no effective regulationB. they can exploit the present regulationsC. no country has paid enough attention to themD．the current financial crisis has put the authorities at a loss60. To win the war against cyber crime; __________.A. policymakers should support their governments financiallyB. each country should solve its own problems effectivelyC. United States should play a very important roleD, international cooperation is crucial61. The underlined word swindling (in the 5th paragraph) is closest in meaning to “_______”.A. bribingB. cheatingC. corruptingD. robbing62. Straus believes that ___________.A. Internet security experts can learn a lot from cyber criminalsB. if cyber criminals will cooperate with the police, they can be helpfulC. Internet crime watchdogs will make cyber criminals shift groundsD. international」organizations can solve the problems of cyber crimePassage ThreeIt's hard to know who to trust these days．When we see people staging protests we think, Wow！These folks are passionate about their cause⼀otherwise, why would they stand in the rain for hours？But sometimes it's a show: You and even your Congressman may have been raised to power by manipulative marketers who pay serious money to hire protesters.It's a mean trick. Let's say you want to stage a political rally, but you just can't find enough people for a good turnout. What you need are folks with lots of time on their hands, who can be persuaded to make a fuss over almost anything. Solution: Head down to a homeless shelter and take out cash.No joke⼀hiring the homeless is catching on. Last October, a Georgia activist pushing a state law to crack down on illegal immigrants paid 14 homeless men ＄10 each to hold signs and march around. It worked. People thought the rally was genuine⼀a local radio station even broadcast it live. But listeners had no idea this was just a crowd for hire.Pay for rage works⼀the homeless get a little income and the lobbying group gets a crowd. The only losers are citizens and. the media, who think the whole show is legitimate. After 'a Phoenix TV station recently noticed rallies featuring the homeless, they asked some of the protesters, who were holding signs about a local labor dispute, what they were upset about. Many had no idea. "All we do is stand out here and hold the signs，，’said one.Some bold organizers have been known to "borrow'’ people's names. In one case a few years ago, members of Congress were swamped with telegrams about a telecom bill. But some constituents were confused when they got phone calls from their concerned Congressmen⼀because they'd never written in to begin with. It turned out that thousands of the telegrams were faked by a telecom-industry PR firm. And guess what? No aspect of this campaign appears to have violated Postal Service regulations．That means your name could be used next in support of a corporate cause you've never heard of. All of this amounts to a corruption of our democratic system: You can't trust someone who's calling you about a political issue, and if you write to your Congressman, he might not trust that you haven't been manipulated.Maybe the solution starts with unmasking all those protest rallies that are just outrage-for-hire purchased down at the local shelter.63. From the first paragraph it can be learned that _________.A. those protesting in the cold rain are respectableB. most Congressmen were elected by fake votesC. in come cases protesters are hiredD. people staging protests are passionate64. Which of the following statements is true？A. The homeless tend to organize protests and rallies．B. Political rallies are sometimes manipulated by power and money.C. The homeless are to blame for deceiving the public and media.D. Political rallies attended by the homeless are on the decline.65．The passage implies that sometimes _________.A. people were deceived into believing that this was a real and legal rallyB. the hired protesters. knew clearly what they were pushing forC. such protests have never attracted any attentionD. organizers paid generously for these protesters66. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 "pay for rage works" means that _________.A. organizers of such rallies have to pay the participantsB. expressing anger can lead to good solutionsC. the homeless have to be paid moreD. hiring people to show your outrage is effective67. To shape the Congressmen's opinion, a telecom-industry PR firm ___________.A. asked the constituents to send telegrams to the CongressmenB. wrote to local residents for supportC. tried to violate Postal Service regulationsD. sent telegrams to the Congressmen in the names of local constituents68. Protest rallies of this kind might result in ___________.A. business deceptionsB. disappearance of political trustC. the increase of the homelessD. the collapse of a political partyPassage FourIt had been a long, brutal day on the sales floor for young Brent. He'd had his share of "ups"-what retail salespeople say when it's their turn with the next customer-and more than his share of downs．And now he was in danger of being shut out for the day.He hadn't been shut out in a long rime. Even in his early days with the company, he could always sell something to someone. He was a natural. But not on this day. This，of course, exposed him to some good-natured ridicule from his associates，who took not-so-secret delight in seeing the sales genius get his stroke of misfortune.Brent had more at stake here than just professional pride and reputation, however. Brent was a new father: He and his wife,Kay, had decided that she would be a full-time mom, which meant he would financially support the family. When he did well on the sales floor, finances weren't a problem. But when he struggled to make sales，the whole family struggled.Toward the end of the day, a man came in to buy a suit. This was potentially a good sale, the kind that can turn a bad day into a good one-just like that. Brent worked hard to make the sale. But the man hesitated. Brent knew all too well the look he saw in his eyes-the look of a customer about to walk out the door empty-handed. When it became clear that the man was going to leave to do a little comparison shopping, Brent handed him his business card and invited him to return after he'd had a chance to look around.The man looked at Brent's card, then took a long look at Brent."So you're Brent's boy," the man said, referring to the card that identified him as Brent Jr."Do you know my dad?" Brent asked.“Sure do," the man said. T hey chatted for a moment, establishing the link between father and son. Then the man said, "Your dad's a good man. If you're anything like him…well, tell me again about that suit."Brent called his father that night, but not to recount the story. "I just wanted to thank you," he said, "for giving me a name I can be proud of."69. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that as a salesman Brent was ___________.A. creativeB. hard-workingC. experiencedD. warm-hearted70. Th e underlined words “stroke of misfortune" in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________.A. change of fateB. bad luckC. a rare opportunityD. an unexpected reward71. It is known from the passage that ____________.A. Brent's family had to struggle to make ends meetB. Brent's family had to experience a temporary hard timeC. the family's future depended on Brent and his wife keeping their jobsD：the family's well-being was closely related to Brent's sales performance72. As soon as the man entered the store to buy a suit,＿·A. Brent felt that his chance finally cameB ．Brent decided to chat with him for a whileC. Brent gave him his greeting and business cardDent was sure that he couldn'‘make the sale73．Brent made a call to his father because heA. had had a good day on the sales floorB ．had met an old friend of his father’s earlier in the day·'E}-s proud of his～’s achievementD. was grateful for having a respectable name74. We can learn from the story that＿．A. we should cherish what we havekey to success is to never give即C. it is important to have a good reputationD. our family is the most valuable treasurePassage FiveIf the universality of immersion-style language programs, emergency test prep classes, tired college kids is any indication, cramming（临时抱佛脚）is a wildly popular study strategy. Professors frown upon it yet conspire by squeezing vast topics like "Evolution" or "World history 1914 to present" into the last week of a course. So is cramming effective or not? A new study by UC-San Diego psychologists confirms what you may suspect deep down: The answer is no. Hurried memorization is a ．hopeless approach for retaining information. But it's not all bad news. The team offers a precise formula for better study habits, arid it doesn't necessarily need dogged discipline and routine.To arrive at their prescription, the scientists tested the "spacing effect" on long-term memory. In other words，they wanted to know how the time gap between study sessions influences the ability to remember material on test day. They asked 1,354 volunteers to memorize 32 trivial facts, such as "Who invented snow golf?" (Rudyard Kipling) and "What European nation consumes the most spicy Mexican food?" (Norway)．Participants reviewed the answers anywhere from several minutes to several months after first learning them, and then～tested up to a year later.The findings？Students perform better when they space their study sessions rather than when they try to cram everything into th eir heads during one sitting.’ But for those who must cram, timing is everything. According to the researchers, if you have only one date on which to study, choose a day that's closer to when you first learned the material than when you take the test-but not too close. For instance, if you have a French lesson on Monday and a quiz the following· Monday, you should study on Wednesday for maximum retention. Tuesday is too early and Sunday is too late. If you want to remember something for a year, wait about a month to review what you learned.Hal Pashler, one of the lead authors, suspects that most crammers don't realize the error of their ways．"Even in the scientific community, cram type summer courses on new research methods are extremely popular," he told me in ⼏an email.‘`And I have never heard people who take these courses even notice the fact that they are a perfect prescription for rapid forgetting．”75．Which of the following can best describe professors，attitude towardcramming？A. Rationally rejecting．13}.,Xeasonably ignoring.C ．Readily accepting. D．Reluctantly helping.76．The new study on cramming＿·AV&kes us confused about how to understand“B ．proves the correctness of the general understandingC，points out the problems with what's popularly knownD ．raises questions as to what should be avoided77．Paragraph 2 mainly describes＿．A. the necessity of the testB. the procedure of the testC. the selection of the test subiectsVIC content of the test questions78．According to the passage,. the most important cramming strategy is。

2009年6月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案2009---6Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25 MINUTES, 20 POINTS)Section A (1 point each)Direction: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation。

question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. Visit her parents.B. Go to the dentist.C. Meet her professor.D. Have a job interview.2. A. Bob is majoring in history.B. Bob is a little boring.C. He likes Bob very much.D. They should invite Bob to the party.3. A. The flight was delayed.B. She didn't like the movies.C. She had seen both movies before.D. No movies were shown on her flight.4. A. It’s drier.B. It’s wetter.C. It’s abnormal.D. It’s an average year.5. A. Western.B. Horror.C. Science fiction.D. Action.6. A. Wait for MikeB. Ask Mike to come.C. Pick Mike up in the morning．D. Stop working for the day.7. A. She doesn’t like playing tennis．B. She was thinking the same as the man.C. She had something else in mind.D. She had suggested the same thing earlier.8. A. Matt wants to be cheered up.B. Matt has lost himself.C. Matt worries little about the game.D. Martha feels a little depressed.9. A. The man is a coward.B. The man is too careful.C. Martha likes chicken very much.D. Martha is not the right person for him.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the balks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause.. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given .by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. Mr. Lee always wastes time in class．B. Mr. Lee likes talking about history.C. Mr. Lee always feels bored in class．D. Mr. Lee is a little funny.11. A. Boring.B. Satisfactory.C. Inconsistent.D. Inspiring.12. A. Jim has taken a low end job.B. Jim has got a well-paid job.C. Jim is not hopeless in finding a job．D. Jim is desperate in finding a job.Mini-talk Two13. A. The control of drug trafficking in the United States．B. The anti-drug war about the border between Mexico and U.S．C. The investigation of the death of a retired U.S．general.D. The fight of corruption inside Mexican police.14. A. The criminal groups are growing very rapidly.B. The criminal groups can get more profits now.C. Mexican government has not been serious about the drug trade.D. Mexican government is effective in fighting the drug trade.15. A. 6,000B. 10,000C. 45,000D. 54,000Section C（1 point each)Directions; In this section, you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording, you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. For best results with the least risk, tomatoes should be planted when _________.17. Some larger tomatoes may need at least a meter and a half __________．18. The average air temperature should be about _________Celsius．19. There was a time when people thought tomatoes _________，which is not true.20. Some fruits may be called “vegetables” because they are used in delicious foods instead of__________.Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your ,machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21．People who work overtime at any job are more likely to sustain a work-related injury than those who work their regular hours.A. maintainB. endureC. supportD. suffer22. These instruments are so powerful as to enable them to ascertain many facts of the deepest interest.A. put outB. find outC. wear outD. turn out23. Kunz looked set to become a star in his field, but he gave it all up after these failures.A. fixedB. stereotypedC. determinedD. built24. In the disciplines underlying our high-tech economy, America is steadily losing its global edge.A. borderB. superiorityC. appealD. territory25. The Chinese economy is less affected, so there is no reason to take a dim view of economic growth.A. pessimisticB. blackC. vagueD. positive26．The spacecraft touched down on schedule and the astronauts were helped out of it.A. launched B．operated C. landed D. crashed27. In the tropic rainforest there is a wide range of species peculiar to this area.A. specificB. oddC. distinctD. familiar28. The officer distributed among the youngster all the blankets and provisions, withholding himself only a canteen.A. keeping offB. keeping backC. keeping atD. keeping up29．These graduates are more than obliged to the college for the happy four years of college life.A. obligatoryB. reluctantC. indifferentD. grateful30. Regular exercise can keep you energetic and contribute to a productive life in the long run.A. athleticallyB. successivelyC. ultimatelyD. persistentlySection B (0.5 point each)Directions：There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with somethingmissing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. Observers commented that loss of independence was too high a(n) _________ to pay for peace.A. costB. expenseC. expenditureD. price32. The journalist who had set out to obtain these important facts__________a long time to send them.A. spentB. tookC. passedD. consumed33．Telling your doctor about all the medicines you take may help avoid serious drug_________．A. interactionsB. interruptionsC. interventionsD. institutions34. Two dozen New Yorkers stood on the platform at the subway station, __________briefcases and newspapers·A. clippingB. clutchingC. clashingD. clarifying35．Each __________ effort a baby makes at speech is a sign of intellectual development.A. cordialB. compactC. clumsyD. chronic36. Iran has expanded its uranium enrichment activities__________ UN demands to scrap its nuclear-relatedprograms·A, in defiance of B. in line with C. in return for D. in relation to37．China moved to ________ its grain production when its grain output had kept declining for five consecutive years．A. turn upB. take upC. step upD. make up38．The most interesting thing ________ Americans is that they are brought up to believe they are the best at evervthing.A. withB. inC. fromD. about39. The dean asked the secretary if there were enough people _________to hold a faculty meeting.A. on purposeB. on endC. on handD. on average40. Visitors to this war museum are ___________ to see photos of mass massacre by Japanese soldiers．A. amazedB. startledC. wonderedD. startedPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.It's a new world, and we barely seem to have noticed. Places we ____41_____ with inexpensive low-end manufacturing are going high-tech in a big ____42_____. The spotlight is mainly in China and India, for good_____43______. The Chinese economy is surging, ___44___ by increasingly sophisticated engineering, with products ____45____ from automobiles to semiconductors. India has nearly as _____46_____ an economy, powered by a cheap English-speaking labor force who ____47____ in software and services.Along with these ____48_____ giants，countries like Japan, South Korea and Singapore are also challenging America’s _____49_____ . If present trends continue, 90% of all the world’s scientists and engineers will be living in Asia _____50_____ 2010, according to Nobel Prize winner Richard E. Smalley, professor of chemistry and physics at Rice University:41. A. deal B. associate C. communicate D. concern42. A. scale . B. route C. Way D. dimension43. A. reason B. purpose C. effect D. health44. A. checked B. burned C. fueled D. extinguished45. A. varying B. differing C. changing D. ranging46. A. tragic B. drastic C. dynamic D. static47. A. surpass B. excel C. overtake D. bypass48. A. emerging B. diverging C. submerging D. merging49. A. manipulation B. presidency C. constitution D.dominance50. A. until B. in C. by D. beforePART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneHeadphones used with MP3 digital -music players like the iPod may interfere with heart pacemakers（起搏器）and implantable defibrillators（除颤器），U.S．researchers said. The MP3 players themselves posed no threat to pacemakers and defibrillators, used to normalize heart rhythm. But strong little magnets inside the headphones can foul即the devices if placed within 1.2 inches of them, the researchers told an American Heart Association meeting inNew Orleans．Dr. William Maisel of the Medical Device Safety Institute in Boston led a team that tested eight models of MP3 player headphones，including clip-on and ear-plug types, in 60 defibrillator and pacemaker patients．They placed the headphones on the patients' chests，directly over the devices．The headphones interfered with the heart devices in about a quarter of the patients一14 of the 60一and interference was twice as likely in those with a defibrillator than with a pacemaker.Another study presented at the meeting showed that cellular phones equipped with wireless technology known as Bluetooth are unlikely to interfere with pacemakers.A pacemaker sends electrical impulses to the heart to speed up or slow heart rhythm. The magnet, however, could make it deliver a signal no matter what the heart rate is, the researchers said.An implantable defibrillator signals the heart to normalize its rhythm if it gets too fast or slow. A magnet could de-activate it, making it ignore an abnormal heart rhythm instead of delivering an electrical shock to normalize it.The devices usually go back to working the right way after the headphones are removed, the researchers said."The main message here is: it's fine for patients to use their headphones normally, meaning the夕can listen to music and keep the headphones in their ears．But what they should not do is put the headphones near their device,，，Maisel said in a telephone interview.So that means people with pacemakers or defibrillators should not place the headphones in a shirt pocket or coat pocket near the chest when they are not being used, and should not place them over their chest or have others who are wearing headphones rest their head on the patient's chest, Maisel said.51. How can MP3 digital music players hinder pacemakers and defibrillators?A. P3 players can interfere with heart pacemakers and defibrillators．B. The magnets inside the headphones can interfere with pacemakers and defibrillators．C. The loud music beats pose a threat to pacemakers and defibrillators．D. MP3 players are placed too close to pacemakers and defibrillators．52. Dr. William Maisel’s tests showed that ___________.A. headphones had interference with the heart devices in every patientB. half of the models of MP3 player headphones had interference with heart devicesC. headphones had much stronger interference with a defibrillator than with a pacemakerD. headphones had much stronger interference with a pacemaker than with a defibrillator53．Bluetooth is mentioned as an example of cell phones that _____________.A. have little interference with the heart devicesB. are used in the tests in Dr. William Maisel’s studyC. are equipped with wireless technologyD. will replace the MP3 player headphones54. The magnets inside the headphones can cause problems by _________.A. sending out electrical shock to damage heartsB. sending out signals to make hearts beat too slowC. seeding out signals to make hearts beat too fastD. making the heart devices malfunction55. People with pacemakers or defibrillators should __________.A. never use MP3 digital music playersB. not use MP3 headphonesC. not use the headphones near their heartsD. put the headphones in a pocket when they are not being used56. The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to ___________.A. report the effects of cell phones on heartsB. warn people not to use modern gadgetsC. compare different headphone productsD. inform people of the safe use of MP3 playersPassage TwoCyber crime is likely to bring about as much destruction as the credit crisis in the coming years if international regulation is not improved, some of the world’s top crime experts said Damage caused by cyber crime is estimated at $100 billion annually, said Kilian Strauss, of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)．"These criminals outsmart us ten, or a hundred to one,，，Strauss told Reuters, adding more Internet experts were needed to investigate and tackle cyber crime.Criminal organizations are exploiting a regulatory vacuum to commit Internet crimes such as computer spying, money-laundering and theft of personal information, and the scope for damage is vast, experts told a European Economic Crime conference in Frankfurt. "We need multilateral understanding, account and oversight to a void, in the years to come, a cyber crisis equivalent to the current financial crisis,”Antonio Maria Costa, Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, said.Internet crime is also a threat to national security, they said. Several countries, including the United States, have voiced concern over some hackers’ abilities to electronically spy on them’and disrupt computer networks．Calls for greater regulation of the Internet come at a time of regulatory renaissance, with policymakers looking to support the powers of financial sector watchdogs in the wake of the global financial crisis．"Because of the transnational nature of identity-related crime, and especially of cyber-crime, if we do not tackle the crime everywhere we will not sol ve it anywhere,” Costa said.The President of Interpol, Khoo Boon Hui, said increasingly highly technological gangs from Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa～coming up with ever～sophisticated ways of swindling money from vulnerable people. He also said there was a trend of company bosses being bribed by fraudsters claiming to have guilty evidence about their firms.Strauss, who works as Senior Program Officer at the Office of the Coordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental activities, said Internet crime watchdogs could learn a lot from criminals willing to switch sides．57. The main idea of the passage is that _________.A. cyber crime is as destructive as the credit crisis in the coming yearsB. damage caused by cyber crime is very serious and will get worseC. to fight cyber crime requires enhanced international regulationD. international organizations should be established to crush cyber crime58. According to Kilian Strauss, _____________.A. cyber criminals are 10 or 100 times smarter than Internet expertsB. Internet exerts are 10 or 100 times smarter than cyber criminalsC. as cyber criminals are very smart, more experts are needed to light against themD. the investigation of the cyber crime takes time and money59. Criminal organizations can commit internet crimes because _________.A. there is no effective regulationB. they can exploit the present regulationsC. no country has paid enough attention to themD．the current financial crisis has put the authorities at a loss60. To win the war against cyber crime; __________.A. policymakers should support their governments financiallyB. each country should solve its own problems effectivelyC. United States should play a very important roleD, international cooperation is crucial61. The underlined word swindling (in the 5th paragraph) is closest in meaning to “_______”.A. bribingB. cheatingC. corruptingD. robbing62. Straus believes that ___________.A. Internet security experts can learn a lot from cyber criminalsB. if cyber criminals will cooperate with the police, they can be helpfulC. Internet crime watchdogs will make cyber criminals shift groundsD. international」organizations can solve the problems of cyber crimePassage ThreeIt's hard to know who to trust these days．When we see people staging protests we think, Wow！These folks are passionate about their cause一otherwise, why would they stand in the rain for hours？But sometimes it's a show: You and even your Congressman may have been raised to power by manipulative marketers who pay serious money to hire protesters.It's a mean trick. Let's say you want to stage a political rally, but you just can't find enough people for a good turnout. What you need are folks with lots of time on their hands, who can be persuaded to make a fuss over almost anything.Solution: Head down to a homeless shelter and take out cash.No joke一hiring the homeless is catching on. Last October, a Georgia activist pushing a state law to crack down on illegal immigrants paid 14 homeless men ＄10 each to hold signs and march around. It worked. People thought the rally was genuine一a local radio station even broadcast it live. But listeners had no idea this was just a crowd for hire.Pay for rage works一the homeless get a little income and the lobbying group gets a crowd. The only losers are citizens and. the media, who think the whole show is legitimate. After 'a Phoenix TV station recently noticed rallies featuring the homeless, they asked some of the protesters, who were holding signs about a local labor dispute, what they were upset about. Many had no idea. "All we do is stand out here and hold the signs，，’said one.Some bold organizers have been known to "borrow'’ people's names. In one case a few years ago, members of Congress were swamped with telegrams about a telecom bill. But some constituents were confused when they got phone calls from their concerned Congressmen一because they'd never written in to begin with. It turned out that thousands of the telegrams were faked by a telecom-industry PR firm. Andguess what? No aspect of this campaign appears to have violated Postal Service regulations．That means your name could be used next in support of a corporate cause you've never heard of. All of this amounts to a corruption of our democratic system: You can't trust someone who's calling you about a political issue, and if you write to your Congressman, he might not trust that you haven't been manipulated.Maybe the solution starts with unmasking all those protest rallies that are just outrage-for-hire purchased down at the local shelter.63. From the first paragraph it can be learned that _________.A. those protesting in the cold rain are respectableB. most Congressmen were elected by fake votesC. in come cases protesters are hiredD. people staging protests are passionate64. Which of the following statements is true？A. The homeless tend to organize protests and rallies．B. Political rallies are sometimes manipulated by power and money.C. The homeless are to blame for deceiving the public and media.D. Political rallies attended by the homeless are on the decline.65．The passage implies that sometimes _________.A. people were deceived into believing that this was a real and legal rallyB. the hired protesters. knew clearly what they were pushing forC. such protests have never attracted any attentionD. organizers paid generously for these protesters66. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 "pay for rage works" means that _________.A. organizers of such rallies have to pay the participantsB. expressing anger can lead to good solutionsC. the homeless have to be paid moreD. hiring people to show your outrage is effective67. To shape the Congressmen's opinion, a telecom-industry PR firm ___________.A. asked the constituents to send telegrams to the CongressmenB. wrote to local residents for supportC. tried to violate Postal Service regulationsD. sent telegrams to the Congressmen in the names of local constituents68. Protest rallies of this kind might result in ___________.A. business deceptionsB. disappearance of political trustC. the increase of the homelessD. the collapse of a political partyPassage FourIt had been a long, brutal day on the sales floor for young Brent. He'd had his share of "ups"-what retail salespeople say when it's their turn with the next customer-and more than his share of downs．And now he was in danger of being shut out for the day.He hadn't been shut out in a long rime. Even in his early days with the company, he could always sell something to someone. He was a natural. But not on this day. This，of course, exposed him to some good-natured ridicule from his associates，who took not-so-secret delight in seeing the sales genius get his stroke of misfortune.Brent had more at stake here than just professional pride and reputation, however. Brent was a new father: He and his wife, Kay, had decided that she would be a full-time mom, which meant he would financially support the family. When he did well on the sales floor, finances weren't a problem. But when he struggled to make sales，the whole family struggled.Toward the end of the day, a man came in to buy a suit. This was potentially a good sale, the kind that can turn a bad day into a good one-just like that. Brent worked hard to make the sale. But the man hesitated. Brent knew all too well the look he saw in his eyes-the look of a customer about to walk out the doorempty-handed. When it became clear that the man was going to leave to do a little comparison shopping, Brent handed him his business card and invited him to return after he'd had a chance to look around.The man looked at Brent's card, then took a long look at Brent."So you're Brent's boy," the man said, referring to the card that identified him as Brent Jr."Do you know my dad?" Brent asked.“Sure do," the man said. They chatted for a moment, establishing the link between father and son. Then the man said, "Your dad's a good man. If you're anything like him…well, tell me again about that suit."Brent called his father that night, but not to recount the story. "I just wanted to thank you," he said, "for giving me a name I can be proud of."69. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that as a salesman Brent was ___________.A. creativeB. hard-workingC. experiencedD. warm-hearted70. The underlined words “stroke of misfortune" in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________.A. change of fateB. bad luckC. a rare opportunityD. an unexpected reward71. It is known from the passage that ____________.A. Brent's family had to struggle to make ends meetB. Brent's family had to experience a temporary hard timeC. the family's future depended on Brent and his wife keeping their jobsD：the family's well-being was closely related to Brent's sales performance72. As soon as the man entered the store to buy a suit,＿·A. Brent felt that his chance finally cameB ．Brent decided to chat with him for a whileC. Brent gave him his greeting and business cardDent was sure that he couldn'‘make t he sale73．Brent made a call to his father because heA. had had a good day on the sales floorB ．had met an old friend of his father’s earlier in the day·'E}-s proud of his～’s achievementD. was grateful for having a respectable name74. We can learn from the story that＿．A. we should cherish what we havekey to success is to never give即C. it is important to have a good reputationD. our family is the most valuable treasurePassage FiveIf the universality of immersion-style language programs, emergency test prep classes, tired college kids is any indication, cramming（临时抱佛脚）is a wildly popular study strategy. Professors frown upon it yet conspire by squeezing vast topics like "Evolution" or "World history 1914 to present" into the last week of a course. So is cramming effective or not? A new study by UC-San Diego psychologists confirms what you may suspect deep down: The answer is no. Hurried memorization is a ．hopeless approach for retaining information. But it's not all bad news. The team offers a precise formula for better study habits, arid it doesn't necessarily need dogged discipline and routine.To arrive at their prescription, the scientists tested the "spacing effect" on long-term memory. In other words，they wanted to know how the time gap between study sessions influences the ability to remember material on test day. They asked 1,354 volunteers to memorize 32 trivial facts, such as "Who invented snow golf?" (Rudyard Kipling) and "What European nation consumes the most spicy Mexican food?" (Norway)．Participants reviewed the answers anywhere from several minutes to several months after first learning them, and then～tested up to a year later.The findings？Students perform better when they space their study sessions rather than when they try to cram everything into their heads during one sitting.’ But for those who must cram, timing is everything. According to the researchers, if you have only one date on which to study, choose a day that's closer to when you first learned the material than when you take the test-but not too close. For instance, if you have a French lesson on Monday and a quiz the following· Monday, you should study on Wednesdayfor maximum retention. Tuesday is too early and Sunday is too late. If you want to remember something for a year, wait about a month to review what you learned.Hal Pashler, one of the lead authors, suspects that most crammers don't realize the error of their ways．"Even in the scientific community, cram type summer courses on new research methods are extremely popular," he told me in 几an email.‘`And I have never heard people who take these courses even notice the fact that they are a perfect prescription for rapid forgetting．”75．Which of the following can best describe professors，attitude towardcramming？A. Rationally rejecting．13}.,Xeasonably ignoring.C ．Readily accepting. D．Reluctantly helping. 76．The new study on cramming＿·AV&kes us confused about how to understand“B ．proves the correctness of the general understandingC，points out the problems with what's popularly knownD ．raises questions as to what should be avoided 77．Paragraph 2 mainly describes＿．A. the necessity of the testB. the procedure of the testC. the selection of the test subiectsVIC content of the test questions。

2009年复旦大学博士研究生入学考试因英语试题Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15%):Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there arefour choices marked A,B, C and D, Choose the one that best completes thesentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with asingle line through the center.I. In my Opinion, a good deal of the for their success must go to John Francis, The captain.A. reputationB. respectC. creditD. compliment2. It had been an abominable afternoon, at about Six O'clock in her father's suddencollapse into sub-consciousness.A. pitchingB. risingC. soaringD. culminating3. Mary was a shy Woman and took behind a rather forbidding bluntness of manner.A. refugeB. kindnessC. frightD. appearance4. You can't count on him; he's liable to out when things become difficult.A. beB. letC. take D opt5. As they entered the village shop, the old lady behind the counter at them kindly.A. beamedB. glaredC. grimacedD. peeped6. The outlying island that belongs to this metropolis is an oasis where green prevails and traditions hold fast.A. bustlingB. whistlingC. ruffling.D. rustling7. The aim of making self-criticism for the mistakes is to help us so that We shall not retreat them later.A. show offB. hold outC. measure upD. sober up8. The famous writer was born in Herhamsted, which was town to be on the map.A. too a smallB. a too smallC. a small tooD. too small a9. The young man was at the of his career when he was killed in a car accidentA. zenithB. glamourC. bloomD. blossom10．__ nothing more to say, the man got to his feet, said goodbye and left the room.A. There wasB. As there beingC. BeingD. There being11. We hadn't met for nearly 20 years, but I recognized him I saw him in the street,A. the minute that.B. the minute WhenC. at a time whenD. at a time that12. I know of no other qualities than thinking which makes for the perfection of the mindit alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beastsA. in caseB. providing thatC. for all thatD. inasmuch as13. The sheep were huddled into a to protect them from overnight frosts.A. hutchB. penC. cageD. kennel14. We had to take the front door off its to get this desk in to the house.A. joints :B. hingesC. boardsD. axles15. Cream is a yellowish oil-in-water which forms When milk is allowed to standA. emulsionB. albumenC. embrocationD. yolk16. For some people brought up in this period, the habits of duty lasted for the wholeof their lifetime.A. capriciousB. callousC. filialD. elusive17. Her cinematic debut was and she decided to return to the theatre where sheremained for the rest of her career.A. indelibleB. infallibleC. incredulousD. inauspicious18. Employees knew from the very that their jobs would finish this year.A. upshotB. outbreakC. outcomeD. outset19. There was a group of demonstrators anti-government slogans in the square. A. crowing B. chanting C. intoning D. crooning20. In their The groups old as many records as all Se other groups hi the country puttogether.A. eulogyB. heydayC. summitD. mundaneness21. He never does any disinterested action; he's always on the .A. make B: move C. rise D. go22. After losing the court case the company became something of a joke in the businessworld.A. StandingB. steadyC. persistingD. settled23 "See you " ，she said casually 。

西南大学博士入学考试英语试题详细解析(2009)Part I Vocabulary1.答案：A句意：找到一种疾病的起因将为其治疗方法研究提供玵能才兜位制定复习流程解析：A.prospect n. 成功的）可能性；前景，前途B.incentive n. 刺激，动机，鼓励C.spurn激励因素，刺激，鞭策D.inducement n引诱，剌激，诱因2.答案：A句意：一旦认识到自己的错误，你应该尽快改正。

解析：A.rectify v.改正（某事物），纠正B.reclaim v. 取回，收回；（从废品中）回收（原料）；挽救某人（不再犯罪、犯错等），改造某人C.refrain v.克制，抑制，避免D.reckon v. 认为，假定；估算，估计3.答案：B句意：事故发生后好多年死亡和毁灭的景象仍然萦绕于他的脑海中。

解析：A.twist v缠绕，盘绕；扭曲，挤压；转动，旋转B.haunt v.(指鬼魂）常出没于（某处）；经常浮现千（某人）脑际C.dip v. 浸，泡，醮D.submerge v.(使）进入；液面、海面之下，淹没；完全覆盖考查要点：词义辨析4.答案：C句意：糟糕的训练、较差的学校以及机会的缺失妨碍了－个宽宏大量并乐于接受的大脑完全被开发。

解析：A.foil v.阻止（某人）执行计划；阻挠，挫败B.thwart v. 阻挠（某人）成事；阻止（计划等）实现C.balk v.故意妨碍或阻止（某事物）D.inhabit v. 居住于，栖居于；占据考查要点：词义辨析5.答案：A句意：该车的头窗是由安全玻璃构成的，在打破后不会粉碎的。

裂成碎片，粉碎或碌）碎某物127D.crum ple v. (使）起皱考查要点：词义辨析6.答案：C句意：这位机修工用于斤顶顶起汽车，然后换轮胎。

解析：考查要点：词义辨析7.答案：D句意：正如我所提到的，人类压力的一个重要来源是个人需求与社会需求之间的冲突。

解析：A.splash n. 溅泼声，溅泼；溅上的斑点等；溅泼的量；少量液体B.smash n. 破碎，破碎时发出的声音；撞车；网球的高压球；极为轰动的戏剧、歌曲、影片等C.crash n撞击（声），破裂（声）；撞车，（车辆等）碰撞D.clash n. (金属等的）刺耳的撞击声；（两群人之间的）打斗，打架，冲突；争论，争执；（颜色）不协调；交锋，交战，比赛考查要点：词义辨析8.答案：B句意：根据他的指示，你不难在地图上找出那海滨别墅的地点，虽然你从来没有去过那个地方。

2009年11月北京成人本科学位英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 2. Reading Comprehension 3. V ocabulary and Structure 4. Identification 5. Cloze 6. TranslationPart I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.According to a recent survey, employees in many companies today work longer hours than employees did in 1979．They also take shorter vacations than employees in 1979．It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before. Or are they? A management consultant, Bill Meyer, decided to find out. For three days, he observed an investment banker hard at work. Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday, At the end of the three-day period, Meyer reviewed the banker’s activities with him. What did they find out? They discovered that the man spent 80 percent of his time doing unnecessary work. For example, he attended unnecessary meetings, made redundant (多余的) telephone calls, and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases. (76)Apparently, many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them. A group of headhunters (猎头) were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company. The candidates had similar qualifications for the job．For example, they were both reliable. One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. The other would do the Same job in an 80-hour work week just as well. According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job．The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend mote time at work, too. Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work. However, the connection between time and productivity (生产率) is not always positive. (77) In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone’s productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Some employees are not willing to spend so much extra, unproductive time at the office once they finish their work satisfactorily, they want to relax and enjoy themselves. For these people, the Solution is to find a company that encourages people to do both.1．What is the main idea of this passage?A．Many people work long hours but do not always do a lot of work.B．Most people can get more work done by working longer hours.C．Most Americans work 80 hours a week and some work even longer.D．People can make more money by working longer hours.正确答案：A解析：本题考查考生对文章大意的把握。

2009年硕士研究生入学考试考研英语真题答案1. B.本题考查动词，后面的宾语是“the fruit-fly experiments described…”，suppose 表示“假设”，observe表示“观察”，image表示“想象”，Consider“考虑”，代入文中表示“考虑已经被描述出来的实验”，符合语境。

2. A.本题考查动词短语，happen to(碰巧)，fear to(唯恐…)，be threatened to被恐吓…。

tend to do表示“有…倾向，往往…”，代入文中表示比较聪明的果蝇往往寿命较短。

3. D.本题考查形容词，lighter更轻的，thinner更瘦的，stabler更稳定的，dimmer 比较暗淡的，本句是前一句推出的结论，即由“果蝇越聪明寿命越短”推出“灯泡越暗使用时间越长”。

4. B.本题考查名词。

由前半句“灯泡越暗使用时间越长”推出“这是不特别亮的灯泡的一个优点”。

tendency倾向，advantage优势，inclination倾向，priority优先权。

5. C.本题考查动词短语，turns out证明是，insist on坚持，sum up总结，put forward 提出。

6. A.本题考查介词，off表示离开。

代入文中表示离开起点时。

7. D.incredible难以置信的，spontaneous自发的，inevitable不可避免的，gradual 渐进的。

学习是一个渐进的过程，所以选gradual.8. C.本文的主旨是智力需要昂贵的代价。

大量的物种会学习，但它们首先学会的是知道什么时候停止学习，与上文的例子灯泡呼应。

四个选项中，fight表示斗争，doubt表示怀疑，stop表示停止，think表示思考，正确答案为C9. B.本题考查形容词，修饰intelligence。

invisible看不见的，indefinite不确定的，这两个选项意思不符合，排除。