drugs药物

孕妇禁服的药物（Drugs for pregnant women）There are many taboos in pregnant women medication. Because some drugs are more harmful to the fetus, and even lead to fetal malformations. There are many kinds of teratogenic agents, usually with the following drugs:1. Antibiotics. Such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin and so on. Tetracycline, oxytetracycline may cause fetal short limb malformations, congenital cataract, fontanelle bulge, late pregnancy taking can cause childhood enamel hypoplasia; streptomycin, gentamicin drugs can damage the fetus eighth of the brain, resulting in congenital deafness, also can damage the kidney function; neomycin can make fetal bone dysplasia, parallel to kidney, pulmonary artery stenosis, congenital cataract, intellectual disability.2. Antimalarial drugs. Such as quinine, chloroquine, pyrimidine, can cause multiple malformations of the fetus. Such as deafness, limb defect, hydrocephalus and so on.3, the treatment of diabetes drugs. Such as chlorine sulfur C, McCann, urine sugar, equal, can cause limb malformation, cleft lip, stillbirth etc..4. Barbiturates and other sedative hypnotic drugs. Such as phenytoin, primidone, stability, limb, facial deformity and can cause brain development.5. Anticancer drugs. Such as actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, 5 - fluorine Wo pyrimidine, thiotepa, can cause anencephaly,hydrocephalus, cleft palate, cleft lip, kidney and ureter defect, deformity of limbs and eyes.6. Hormone drugs. Such as diethylstilbestrol, progesterone, androgen, cortisone. Oral contraceptives cause malformations of fetal genital organs. Such as female fetal masculine, Yang pedicle hypertrophy, labia fusion, male fetal urethral following abnormalities.7. Anticoagulant drugs. Such as heparin, coumarin, aspirin, salicylic acid, etc. can also teratogenic, and can induce hemorrhagic diseases. In short, pregnancy should pay attention to avoid drug abuse, but in case of emergency situations endanger the safety of pregnant women, to medication, should be to save the life of the pregnant woman, when emergency situations in the past, should prompt a reduction or withdrawal. The idea that the fetus was refused medication was wrong. If the pregnant woman had a dangerous life, the fetus would talk about He Anquan. Therefore, in pregnant women medication problems, should distinguish between the primary and secondary contradictions, comprehensive consideration.1. penicillin: safer, including broad-spectrum penicillins, such as piperacillin. Oral, intramuscular, intravenous drip can be used for pregnant women. Warning: according to the recommended dosage, can not be excessive.2.: the same medicine and bacteria to erythromycin and roxithromycin, yarn, high molecular weight, is not easy to reach the fetus through the placenta, penicillin allergy can use the drug of choice for chlamydia and Mycoplasma infection.3. cephalosporin: there is no teratogenic effect at present.Tips: dangerous antibiotics ReportSome antibiotics can not be used by pregnant women because of their different side effects:Tetracycline: can cause yellow brown pigmentation of teeth, or storage in the fetal skeleton, but also can cause acute fatty liver and renal insufficiency in pregnant women.Gentamicin: kanamycin, and so on can cause damage to the fetal auditory nerve and kidney.Chloramphenicol: cause grey baby syndrome.Conclusion compound sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethoxazole tablets can cause neonatal jaundice, and can also antagonize folic acid.Furan gall bites: women suffering from urinary tract infection often choose, because it can cause hemolysis, should be used with caution.There is no report on the vancomycin: Although fetal risk, but renal toxicity to pregnant women, ototoxicity.The ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, irreversible arthritis occurred in the dog experiment.The anti tuberculosis drug use: when considering the pros and cons according to their size please ask the doctor.9 antifungal drugs: clotrimazole, nystatin, griseofulvin, pregnant women are not the best.The antiviral: do not advocate for pregnant women.4. metronidazole: insecticide, the treatment of Trichomonas infection, advocated early pregnancy does not use.5.: the treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection, no adverse effects on the fetus.6. anthelmintic: animals have teratogenic effect, should be used with caution.7. digoxin: cardiac drug,It is easy to pass through the placenta and has no obvious adverse effect on the fetus, and the pregnant women with heart failure can be used.8. beta blockers: a report of fetal retardation.9. antihypertensive drugs: definite teratogenic effects of pregnant women is angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, such as Kato Pury, angiotensin II receptor antagonists such as losartan, other types of drugs such as calcium antagonists (on behalf of the heart medicine education, cause uterine blood flow can be reduced, diuretic administration can reduce thenear term should be used with caution, the cause of neonatal platelet work experiment acetazolamide limb deformity, pregnant women do not use.10. drugs for the treatment of asthma: such as tea, epinephrine, sodium citrate, prednisone, no teratogenic effect.11. anticonvulsant drugs: the incidence of fetal congenital malformations was 2-3 times higher than that of women who took anticonvulsant drugs during pregnancy. Commonly used phenytoin sodium, C Masi Bing, trimethyl ketone, valproic acid and so on.12. antipsychotic drugs have teratogenic effects.13.: sedative drugs such as diazepam, estazolam, individual teratogenic effect.14. analgesic: acetaminophen can produce hepatotoxicity. Aspirin may be accompanied by oligohydramnios and premature closure of fetal ductus arteriosus. Bloven, Nai Pusheng, indomethacin can cause fetal arterial contraction leads to pulmonary hypertension and oligohydramnios, after 34 weeks of pregnancy should not use indomethacin, can cause fetal intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and adverse effects of necrotizing enterocolitis.15. antiemetic drugs: no deformity and increasing the service road.16. antitumor drugs: a clear teratogenic effect.17.: immunosuppressant azathioprine, cyclosporine has obvious toxicity on mother and infant.18. vitamin A: a large number of use can cause birth defects, the smallest human teratogenic quantity is 25000-50000iuld.19. vitamin A isomer: the treatment of skin diseases, retinoic acid in the embryonic phase of medication can produce a variety of malformations.20. acitretin (aromatic retinoic acid): for the treatment of psoriasis, half-life is very long, withdrawal of drugs in >2 years, there are still drug testing, so at least 2 years of drug withdrawal can be conceived.The 21. hormone class: albendazole, diethylstilbestrol, should not be used for pregnant women, oral contraceptive sand dune degree has a positive teratogenic effect.The standard of risk for pregnancy was issued by the American drug and Food Administration (FDA) during pregnancy:Type A: control studies showed no harm. It has been proved that this kind of medicine has no adverse effects on human fetus, and is the safest.Class B: no evidence of harm to human beings. Animal experiments are harmful to fetal animals, but have not been proven to be harmful to the fetus or animal experiments are harmless to the fetus, but there is no adequate study in humans.Class C: non exception hazards. Animal experiments may be harmful or lack of research on fetal animals, but lack of relevant studies in humans, but the benefits for pregnant women are greater than the harm to the fetus.Class D: harm to the fetus. Market research or research confirms that it is harmful to the fetus, but the benefits for pregnant women outweigh the risks to the fetus.Class X: forbidden during pregnancy. In human or animal studies, or market research shows that the harm to the fetus more than the benefit of pregnant women, pregnancy prohibited drugs.Grade standard of commonly used drugs:Antihistamines:Chlorpheniramine (B), Simiti Martin (B), diphenhydramine (B) and promethazine (C)Two. Anti infective drugs:1. anthelmintic: gentian violet (C)2. antimalarial drug: chloroquine (D)3. Trichomonas agents: metronidazole (B)4. antibiotics: amikacin (C), gentamicin (C), kanamycin (D), neomycin (D),Cephalosporins (B), streptomycin (D), penicillins (B), tetracycline (D) and oxytetracycline (D),Chlortetracycline (D) and Bacillus peptide (C), chloramphenicol (C), erythromycin (B), Lincomycin (B) and stickyActinomycin B (B) and vancomycin (C)5. other antibiotics: SMZ-TMP (B/C) and trimethoprim (C), furazolidone, nitrofurantoin (C)Cause (B)6. anti tuberculosis drugs: ethambutol (B), isoniazid (C), Li Fuping (C), and salicylic acid (C)7. antifungal agents: clotrimazole (C), miconazole (C), nystatin (B)8. antiviral agents: amantadine (C), adenosine arabinoside (C), ribavirin (X), C, and noneCyclic guanosine (C)Three. Antineoplastic agents:Bleomycin (D), cyclophosphamide (D), D, cisplatin (D), cytarabine (D), and moreLincomycin (D), thiotepa (D) and daunorubicin (D), adriamycin(D) and 5-fluorouracil (D), nitrogenMustard (D), Ma Falan (D), methotrexate (D), vincristine (D)Four. Autonomic nervous system drugs:1. cholinergic drugs: acetylcholine (C) and neostigmine (C)2. anticholinergic drugs: atropine, belladonna (C) (C), Proulx Bernd Sin (C)3. adrenergic drugs: epinephrine (C), norepinephrine (D), ephedrine (C), and isoproterenolC, D, Dobaamine (C), dobutamine (C), B, and hydroxyEphedrine (B)Five. Central nervous system drugs:1. central stimulant: caffeine (B)2. antipyretic analgesics: acetylsalicylic acid (C/D), Fi Bernard Shiden (B), sodium salicylate (C/D)3. non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: indomethacin (B/D)4.: analgesic codeine, morphine (B/D) (B/D), opioid (B/D) and pethidine (B/D), narloKetone (C)5. sedative, hypnotic: amobarbital (C), Babito (C), Bernd Bobby Toy (B), chloral hydrate (C), ethanol (D/X), diazepam (D) and nitro (C)6. diazepam: droperidol (C) and chlorpromazine (C)7. antidepressants: doxepin (C)Six. Cardiovascular drugs:1.: digitalis cardiac glycosides (B) (B), digoxin, digitoxin(B), quinidine (C)2. antihypertensive drugs: clonidine (C), Ca Guido Ba (C), B,D and prazosin(C)3. vasodilator drugs: C, Pan Shengding (C), two isosorbide dinitrate (C),Result (C)Seven. DiureticsHydrochlorothiazide (D) and ethacrynic acid (D) and furosemide (C), Gan Luchun (C), triamterene (D)Eight. Digestive system drugs:Compound Camphor Tincture (B/D)Nine. Hormones:1. adrenal cortex hormone: cortisone (D), Batamison (C), dexamethasone (C), hydrocortisone (prednisone)B)2. estrogen: diethylstilbestrol (X), estradiol (D), oral contraceptive pill (D)3. progesterone: progesterone (D)4. hypoglycemic drugs: insulin (B), sulfonylurea (D), methyl sulfonyl Ding Niao (D)5.: antithyroid drug propylthiouracil (D) and methimazole (D)This paper is reproduced from QQ spacePenicillin: can destroy fetal red blood cell, cause serious jaundice, cause fetal death. Yangzhou First People's Hospital gynecology YulinStreptomycin: congenital deafness, skeletal deformity.Tetracycline induced amelogenesis imperfecta, skeletal and heart malformations, congenital cataract, short limb or defect (e.g. four fingers), neonatal jaundice, the most serious personcan appear kernicterus and even death.Oxytetracycline and doxycycline: make fetal short limb deformity.Chloramphenicol induced blood circulation disorders, respiratory insufficiency, cyanosis, neonatal abdominal distension (i.e. "gray baby syndrome"). If used in the end of pregnancy, it can cause neonatal thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia or fetal death.Cara: deafness.Erythromycin: congenital cataract, limb deformities and so on.Gentamicin: fetal ear damage, and even lead to congenital gastric vascular malformation and polycystic kidney.Sulfa drugs (mainly based on long-acting sulfonamides and antibacterial synergist): hyperbilirubinemia, brain nuclear jaundice, deformity.Heroin: respiratory depression and death in the fetus.Pethidine: caused by neonatal asphyxia.Morphine: the inhibition of neonatal respiration and the withdrawal of the newborn like withdrawal, such as taking a week before delivery, can cause neonatal spasms, excitement and shrill cry.Aspirin: cause fetal small, malformation, cause neonatal prothrombin reduction group and bleeding and liver detoxification dysfunction.Finasteride and paracetamol: neonatal hypercholesterolemia.Indomethacin: cause jaundice and aplastic anemia.Barbiturate induced fetal heart: congenital malformation, facial and hand retardation, cleft lip and cleft palate.Primidone: fetal finger and toe deformities, late pregnancy can cause fetal asphyxia, taking hemorrhage and brain injury.Sleeping pills: malformations.Valium, tranquility, insomnia, and sleep induction can cause fetal abnormalities and become pregnant women.Activin induced cleft palate.Insulin: causes miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, and other congenital malformations.Progesterone: masculine female fetus.Cortisone and prednisone: fetal cleft lip and cleft palate. Cortisone can also cause fetal absence, premature delivery, premature death.Progesterone and testosterone: abnormalities of fetal externalgenital organs.Vitamin D: large doses, can cause fetal hypercalcemia and mental retardation.Vitamin K: a large number of taking, can cause hyperbilirubinemia, nuclear jaundice.Vitamin B6: a large number of taking, can cause neonatal vitamin B6 dependence, convulsions. Vitamin B6 derivatives naofuxin, caused by cleft lip in animal experiments, should be used with caution.Vitamins: if taken during pregnancy in the first three months of the risk of neurological deficiency in infants go through thick and thin together up to 60%.Promethazine hydrochloride: fetal limb deformities.Antimalarial drugs quinine, chloride, and pyrimidine: can cause hydrocephalus, bulging, cleft palate, renal arrest, development or malformation, retinal damage.Chlorpheniramine, Meclozine, An Qimin, and other anti allergy medicine diphenhydramine Dramamine: in addition to potentially induced cleft palate, cleft lip, short limb function, can also cause liver poisoning and brain injury, neonatal respiratory inhibition.Fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, can cause fetal limb, nose, palate, urinary tract deformity and death.Methotrexate: no fetal brain, hydrocephalus, encephalocele, cleft lip, cleft palate, or limb deformities.Hydroxyurea and busulfan induced multiple malformations.Bai Ning: caused by the injury of central nervous system and brain.6- purine, testosterone propionate and L- L-asparaginase: fetal malformations.It can cause kidney and ureter defect.Fetal death caused by pethidine, 5-, fluorouracil, mitomycin C and colchicine. It is safer to use these antineoplastic agents after sixteenth weeks of pregnancy.Coumarin drugs: can cause fetal skin bleeding spots, brain disorders, placental abruption, bone and facial deformity, mental retardation or fetal death.Warfarin: nasal dysplasia, malformations.D860, a kind of sulfonylurea, can induce abortion and premature delivery, and has the effect of promoting distortion.MTU, propylthiouracil, methimazole, jiakangping, potassium iodide: induced hypothyroidism, cretinism, delayed ossification and hypospadias.Hydrochlorothiazide or cyclopenthiazide: can cause neonatal thrombocytopenia.Reserpine: cause neonatal poisoning, nasal congestion, respiratory obstruction, and even death due to lack of oxygen.Caffeine causes cleft lip and palate.Ether: a large number of continuous use, can cause fetal death.All arsenic containing drugs: all cause fetal death.Polymyxin E, B and vancomycin: taking too much time, so that pregnant women suffered from acute renal failure, the children are susceptible to neuromuscular blockade, ataxia, vertigo, seizures and mouth week after birth 3 years paresthesia. Vancomycin can also cause temporary or permanent hearing loss in infants.Rifampicin: fetal malformation.Anti fungal drugs griseofulvin, amphotericin B, nystatin, clotrimazole: serious adverse reactions of pregnant women's nervous system, hematopoietic system, liver and kidney function. Griseofulvin also led to abortion and teratism.Triamterene (three methotrexate): liver damage, change of maternal blood.Hydrochlorothiazide: adverse effects on the fetus.Furosemide: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, drug rash, itching, blurred vision, postural hypotension and even water and electrolyte disorders in pregnant women and parturient.Diuretics: can cause transient hearing loss and sometimes develop permanent hearing loss.Other: alcoholism pregnant women newborns showed withdrawal like inhibitory state; multiple abnormalities can cause fetal alcohol. The contraceptive pill should be pregnant after six months of complete withdrawal of the drug, so as to avoid the birth of malformation or dementia caused by improper medication。

模仿药物的名词解释模仿药物是近年来备受关注的热门话题，它指的是通过模拟一种药物的作用机制，来开发出具有相似药理作用的化合物。

这种方法既符合现代医学的发展趋势，也为药物研发提供了更多可能性。

本文将从模仿药物的定义、应用领域、优势与限制等方面进行较为深入的探讨。

一、模仿药物的定义模仿药物（mimetic drugs）是指那些通过模拟一种药物的作用机制，来达到相似的药理作用的化合物。

模仿药物与传统药物的主要区别在于后者是通过直接作用于靶点来发挥治疗作用，而前者则是利用类似的结构或机制来模拟药物的效应。

模仿药物有时也被称为"拟态药物"或"拟仿药物"。

二、模仿药物的应用领域模仿药物的研发可以应用于各个领域，包括临床治疗、疾病预防和药物安全性评价等。

在临床治疗方面，模仿药物可以帮助开发新的治疗方法，降低治疗成本，并且减少药物副作用。

例如，某种药物治疗癌症的主要靶点已经被明确了，通过研发模仿药物，可以有效减少药物的副作用和价格。

同时，模仿药物还可以帮助疾病预防，例如开发可以模仿疫苗的药物来对抗病毒或细菌的入侵。

此外，在药物安全性评价方面，模仿药物可以帮助研究人员更好地了解药物的作用机制以及潜在的副作用。

三、模仿药物的优势相比传统药物，模仿药物具有许多优势。

首先，模仿药物的研发成本相对较低。

由于模仿药物是基于现有药物的机制，开发过程更加高效，并且不需要像传统药物一样进行大量的药效和安全性试验。

其次，模仿药物能够更好地克服药物耐药性问题。

一些药物的长期使用可能出现耐药性，而模仿药物通过不同的机制或结构来模拟药物的作用，从而可以绕过耐药性的问题。

此外，模仿药物也有助于加速药物创新的过程，提高新药的研发效率。

四、模仿药物的限制与挑战虽然模仿药物拥有许多优势，但也存在一些限制和挑战。

首先，模仿药物的研发需要深入了解目标药物的作用机制，这对研究人员的专业知识和技术要求较高。

其次，模仿药物的效力和安全性必须经过充分的验证和验证。

medicine；drug；remedy 药sleeping pill 安眠药contraceptive drugs 避孕药tonic 补药a medicine for colds 感冒药expectorant 化痰药anti-cancer drugs；cancer-fighting drugs 抗癌药anti-tuberculous drug 抗结核药oral contraceptive；pill 口服避孕药good medicine；a good remedy 良药laxative 轻泻药antipyretic 退热药for oral administration 内服药specific medicine；specific 特效药for external use 外用药preventive medicine；prophylactic 预防药sedative 镇静药take medicine 服药change dressings 换药decoct herbal medicine 煎药fill a prescription 配药have a prescription made up（filled）（患者）抓药medicinal materials；crude drugs 药材medicinal herbs 药草tablet 药片medicines and chemical reagents 药品medicine bottle 药瓶remedies 药石liquid medicine；medicinal liquid 药水lotion 洗液pill 药丸bolus 大药丸herbal medicines in a prescription 药味（中药方中的药）flavor of a drug 药味（药的味道或气味）medicines；pharmaceuticals；medicaments 药物heal with drugs 药物医治drug allergy 药物过敏materia medica 药物学drug poisoning 药物中毒（medicinal）powder 药粉ointment；salve 药膏apply a plaster 上药膏medical apparatus and instruments：医疗器械pharmaceutical factory：药厂drugstore；chemists shop；pharmacy：药店pharmacopeia：药典prescription：药方write out a prescription：开药方drugstore；chemists shop；pharmacy：医药商店hospital pharmacy；dispensary：医院或诊所里的药房expenses for medicine；charges for medicine：药费a pot for decocting herbal medicine：药罐子chronic invalid：药罐子（经常生病的人）apothecariesmeasure or weight：药衡medicinal herb collector；herbalist：药农herbal medicine shop：药铺asthma 哮喘pneumonia 肺炎heart disease 心脏病arrhythmia 心律不齐indigestion 消化不良gastritis 胃炎appendicitis 盲肠炎hepatitis 肝炎dermatitis 皮炎freckle/ephelis 痣，雀斑acne 粉刺flu 流感diarrhoea 痢疾quarantine 检疫vaccinate 打疫苗endemic 水土不服relapse 复发症casualty 急症stupor 昏迷sprain 扭伤scalding 烫伤graze 擦伤scratch 搔挠trauma 外伤bruise 淤伤fracture 骨折dislocation 脱臼tinnitus 耳鸣trachoma 沙眼colour blindness 色盲nearsightedness/myopia 近视astigmatism 散光gingivitis 牙龈炎cavity 龋齿fever 发烧discomfort/disorder 不适malnutrition 营养不良incubation 潜伏期asthenia 虚弱poisoning 中毒fatigue 疲劳heat stroke 中暑itching 发痒ache/pain 痛tetanus 破伤风night sweat 盗汗chill 打冷颤pale 脸色发白shuddering 发抖inflammation 炎症acute 急症chronic 慢性病congenital 先天性病nausea 恶心vomit 呕吐常用药品监管英语与缩略语——浙江省药品监督管理局政策法规处一、监管英语1.《中华人民共和国药品管理法》Drug Control Law of the People's Republic of China2.药品生产企业管理control over drug manufacturers3.药品经营企业管理control over drug distributors4.医疗机构的药剂管理control over medicines in medical institutions5.药品管理control over drugs6.药品包装的管理control over drug packaging7.药品价格和广告的管理control over drug price and advertisement8.药品监督inspection of drugs9.法律责任legal liabilities10.药品标识labels or marks of the drugs11.假药counterfeit drugs12.劣药inferior drugs13.药品检验机构drug quality control laboratory14.药品的生产企业drug manufacturers15.经营企业drug distributors16.医疗机构medical institutions17.药品监督管理部门drug regulatory agency18.药品批准证明文件drug approval documents19.行政处分administrative sanctions20.刑事责任criminal liabilities21.药品生产质量管理规范Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceutical Products (GMP)22.药品经营质量管理规范Good Supply Practice for Pharmaceutical Products (GSP)23.药品生产许可证Drug Manufacturing Certificate24.药品经营许可证Drug Supply Certificate25.医疗机构制剂许可证Pharmaceutical Preparation Certificate for Medical Institution26.进口药品注册证书Import Drug License27.临床试验clinical trial28.新药证书New Drug Certificate29.药品批准文号Drug Approval Number30.在中华人民共和国境内从事药品的研制、生产、经营、使用和监督管理的单位或者个人，必须遵守《中华人民共和国药品管理法》All institutions or individuals engaged in research, production, distribution, use, and administration and supervision of drugs in the People's Republic of Ch ina shall abide by drug control law of the people's republic of China.31.国务院药品监督管理部门主管全国药品监督管理工作。

英国留学禁带的药品有哪些随着现在经济的发展，很多的学生都会选择去到英国留学，所以很多的学生都会先携带一些药品，以备生病时的不时之需。

不过因为两国国情不同，所以很多的药品是禁止携带的，那英国留学禁带的药品有哪些?小编为各位介绍。

一、A级管制药A类药品包括：：摇头丸、迷幻药(ecstasy,LSD)、海洛因(heroin)、吗啡(morphine)、甲基苯丙胺(methamphetamine)、可卡因(cocaine)和沙美酮(methadon)。

持有者最高可判处7年有期徒刑或无上限罚款，或两者并罚。

贩卖最高可判处无期徒刑。

吗啡作为鸦片的提取物，有极强的阵痛作用，是临床常用的麻醉剂。

而在很多中成药物中也含有吗啡。

一些治疗感冒的药物中含有甲基苯并胺，俗称冰毒。

其重要的组成成分就是麻黄碱。

麻黄碱在医学上有治疗哮喘、感冒鼻塞、低血压的功能，因此被大量使用在感冒药中。

所以在准备感冒药的时候，同学们也需要注意一下。

二、B级管制药包括：安非他明、苯丙胺(amphetamine)、大麻(marihuana)、双氢可待因(dihydrocodeine)，持有者最高可判处7年有期徒刑或无上限罚款，或两者并罚。

贩卖最高可判处最高将被处以14年以下监禁。

双氢可待因也是一种鸦片类药物，有止痛、止咳、止泄的功效。

三、C级管制药GHB丙种羟基丁酸盐，G毒(毒品，可作药用，服后令人兴奋)、羟基安定(temazepam)和安定(valium)，持有C类毒品，将被处以两年以下监禁或者无上限罚款，或两者并罚。

贩卖最高可判处最高将被处以14年以下监禁。

安定属于精神药物的一种，是安眠药的主要成分，长期服用会使人成瘾。

四、Illegaldrugs非法药物在很多西方国家，判断物品是否属于违禁品一般都是按照其组成成分来算的。

比如复方甘草片中就含有一种叫阿片粉的成分。

而阿片粉中含有吗啡、罂粟碱等具有麻痹神经中枢作用的药物，在大多数国家都属于管制药物。

常用药物名称中英对照药品是指用于预防、治疗、诊断人的疾病，有目的地调节人的生理机能并规定有适应症或者功能主治、用法和用量的物质，接下来小编为大家整理常用药物名称中英对照，希望对你有帮助哦!phenol 酚potassium permanganate(PP) 高锰酸钾silver nitrate 硝酸银turpentine oil 松节油hydrogen peroxide 双氧水gentian violet 甲紫，紫药水Anesthetics 麻醉药ether 乙醚ethyl chloride 氯乙烷procaine 普鲁卡因sodium pentothal 硫喷妥钠lidocaine 利多卡因fluothane 氟烷Antibiotics 抗生素albomycin 白霉素ampicillin 氨苄青霉素berberine 黄连素carbenicillin 羧苄青霉素cephaloridine 先锋霉素IIcephtlothin 先锋霉素Ichloromycetin 氯霉素erythromycin 红霉素furbenicillin 呋苄青霉素gentamycin 庆大霉素griseofulvin 灰黄霉素kanamycin 卡那霉素meecamycin, medemycin 麦迪加霉素，麦迪霉素neomycin 新霉素penicillin G 青霉素Gpolymyxin B 多粘菌素Bstreptomycin 链霉素terramycin 合霉素terramycin 土霉素Sulfonamides and Furane Derivatives 磺胺类及呋喃类药furacilin 呋喃西林furazolicone 呋喃唑酮，痢特灵sulfacetamide (SA) 磺胺醋酰sulfaciazine (SD) 磺胺嘧啶sulfadimidine (SM2) 磺胺二甲嘧啶sulfamethoxazole 新诺明，磺胺甲噁唑trimethoprim (TMP) 增效磺胺Sedatives and Tranquilizers 镇静、安定药chlordiazepoxide, librium 利眠宁chlorpromazine, wintermine 氯丙嗪,冬眠药diazepam, valium 地西泮，安定fluphenazine 氟奋乃静meprobamate, miltown 甲丙氨酯，眠尔通oryzanol 谷维素pentobarbital 戊巴比妥perphenazine 奋乃静phenobarbital, luminal 本巴比妥，鲁米那Analgesics 镇痛药codeine phosphate 磷酸可待因dolantin, pethidine 度冷丁，哌替啶opium tincture 阿片酊pentazocine 镇痛新Analgesics 解热镇痛药analgin 安乃近aspirin 阿司匹林aspirin compound tablet (APC) 复方阿司匹林butazolidin, butazone 保泰松chlofenamic acid 抗风湿灵，氯灭酸indomethacin, indacin 吲哆美辛，消炎痛ibuprofen 布洛芬paracetamol 对乙酰氨基酚，扑热息痛phenacetin 非那西丁somedon 索密痛Atitussives and Bronchial Spasm Relaxants 镇咳、解痉药aerosol isoprenaline异丙肾上腺素气雾剂aminophylline 氨茶碱carbetapentane, toclase 咳必清brown mixture棕色合剂，复方干草合剂chloperastine 咳平ephedrine 麻黄素isoprenaline 异丙肾上腺素salbutamol 舒喘灵Drags for Digestive Diseases 消化系统疾病用药yeast 酵母片Lactasin, biofermin 乳酶生pancreatin 胰酶pepsin 胃蛋白酶atropine 阿托品belladonna extract 颠茄浸膏benactyzine 胃复康probanthine 普鲁苯辛sodium bicarbonate 小苏打vitamin U 维生素Uranitidine 雷尼替丁liquid paraffin 液体石蜡magnesium sulfate 硫酸镁dehydrocholic acid 去氢胆酸glucurone 肝泰乐glutamic acid 谷氨酸sodium taurocholate 胆酸钠Drugs for Cardiovascular Diseases 心血管疾病用药lidocaine 利多卡因mexiletine 美西律oxprenolol 氧烯洛尔，心得平procainamid hydrochloride 盐酸普鲁卡因胺propranolol dinitrate 普萘洛尔，心得安persantin 双咪哌胺醇，潘生丁quinidine 奎尼丁verapamil 异博定nitroglycerine 硝酸甘油nifedipine 硝苯地平，心痛定isosorbide dinitrate 硝酸异山梨酯，消心痛digoxin 地高辛digitoxin 洋地黄毒甙cedilanid 西地兰Antihypertensive Drugs 抗高血压药atenolol 氨酰心安captopril 开博通，卡托普利furazosin 派唑嗪methyl dopa 甲基多巴nimodipine tablet尼莫地平片reserpine 利血平sodium nitroprusside 硝普钠vertical 降压灵dibazol 地巴唑Antituberculosis Drugs 抗结核药ethambutol 乙胺丁醇isoniazid 异烟肼para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) 对氨基水杨酸pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺rifampin利福平Antifungal and Antiviral Agents 抗真菌及抗病毒药amphotericin 二性霉素clotrimazole 克霉唑flagyl 灭滴灵，甲硝唑ketoconazole 酮康唑nystatin 制霉菌素amantadine 金刚烷胺，金刚胺moroxydine(ABOB) 病毒灵，吗啉胍Antianemic Agents 抗贫血药calcium leucovorin 甲酰四氢叶酸钙，甲叶钙cobalt chloride 氯化钴ferric ammonium citrate 枸橼酸铁胺，柠檬酸铁胺ferrous sulfate 硫酸亚铁，硫酸低铁folic acid 叶酸iron dextran 右旋糖酐铁lliver extract 肝精vitamin B12 维生素B12 Anti-allergic Agents 抗过敏药calcium gluconate 葡萄糖酸钙chlorpheniramine 扑尔敏diphenhydramine, benadryl 苯海拉明，苯那君histaglobulin 组织胺球蛋白promethazine, phenergan 异丙嗪，非那根Anthelminthics 驱肠虫药areca 槟榔levamisole 左旋咪唑，驱钩蛔piperazine citrate 驱蛔灵Vitamins 维生素compound rutin 复方芦丁calcium pantothenate 泛酸钙nicotinamide(NAA) 烟酰胺nicotinic acid(NA) 烟酸pyritinol hydrochloricde 脑复新vitamin A 维生素Avitamin B1 维生素B1vitamin B2, riboflavin维生素B2，核黄素vitamin B6, pyridoxine 维生素B6，吡哆醇vitamin B compound 复合维生素Bvitamin C, ascorbic acid 维生素C，抗坏血酸vitamin D2, calciferol 维生素D2，骨化醇vitamin D3, cholecalciferol 维生素D3，胆维丁vitamin E, tocopherol 维生素E，生育酚Hormones 激素corticotrophin (ACTH) 促肾上腺皮质激素cortisone 可的松desoxycorticosterone (DOCA) 去氧皮质酮dexamethasone 地塞米松fluocinolone acetonide 肤轻松hydrocortisone氢化可的松prednisolone强的松龙，去氢氢化可的松prednisone 强的松，去氢可的松chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 绒毛膜促性腺激素，绒膜激素clomiphene 克罗米芬estradiol benzoate 苯甲酸雌二醇medroxyprogesterone acetate, provera 安宫黄体酮megestrol 甲地孕酮methyltestosterone 甲基睾丸素progesterone 黄体酮stillboestrol 乙烯雌酚testosterone propionate 丙酸睾丸素Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Drugs on the Immune System 肿瘤化疗制剂及免疫系统用药Adriamycin 阿霉素azathioprine(AZP) 硫唑嘌呤cyclophosphamide(CTX) 环磷酰氮芥cyclosporine A 环孢霉素A，环孢灵cytarabine 阿糖胞苷dactinomycin 放线菌素D，更生霉素fluorouracil 氟尿嘧啶hydrocortisone 氢化可的松，氢可的松interferon 干扰素levamisole 左旋四咪唑，左咪唑methotrexate 甲氨蝶呤thiotepa 塞替哌thymosin 胸腺素vincristine(VCR) 长春新碱Agents Used for Metabolic Diseases 治疗代谢性疾病用药insulin 胰岛素Lugol's solution 卢戈尔液glibenclamide 格列本脲，优降糖propylthiouracil 丙基硫氧嘧啶phenformin 苯乙双胍，降糖灵tapazole 甲巯咪唑，他巴唑thyroid 甲状腺，甲状腺剂tolbutamide 甲磺丁脲，甲糖宁protamine zinc insulin (PZI) 精蛋白锌胰岛素(长效)Fluids for Infusion 静脉输液concentrated sodium chloride injection 浓氯化钠注射液5% glucose in normal saline (GNS) 5%葡萄糖盐水5% glucose solution (GS) 5%葡萄糖溶液Normal saline(NS) 生理盐水10% potassium chloride 10%氯化钾Ringer's solution 林格溶液，复方氯化钠溶液5% sodium bicarbonate 5%碳酸氢钠28.75% sodium glutamate 28.75%谷氨酸钠11.2% sodium lactate 11.2%乳酸钠Biological Products 生物制品aprotinin 抑肽酶bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine 卡介苗cytochrome C 细胞色素Cdiphtheria antitoxin (DAT) 白喉抗毒素Gamma globulin 丙种球蛋白Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶lysozyme 溶菌酶pancreatin 胰酶streptokinase(SK) 溶栓酶，链激酶tetanus antitoxin 破伤风抗霉素urokinase 尿激酶Eye and ENT Drugs 眼、耳、鼻、喉用药atropine 阿托品borax 硼沙chloramphenicol eye drops 氯霉素滴眼液cortisone acetate eye drops 醋酸可的松滴眼液homatropine 后马托品sodium sulfacetamide 磺胺醋酰钠boric acid alcohol 硼酸酒精chloramphenicol glycerin 氯霉素甘油滴耳液ephedrine nose drops 麻黄素滴鼻液furacilin solution 呋喃西林溶液neomycin solution 新霉素溶液Drugs for External Use 外用药ammonia solution 氨溶液bromo-geramine 苯扎溴铵，新洁尔灭hibitane 氯已定，洗必泰mercurochrome 红汞。

Antibiotics 抗生素ampicillin 氨苄青霉素albomycin 白霉素berberine 黄连素carbenicillin 羧苄青霉素cephaloridine 先锋霉素IIcephtlothin 先锋霉素Ichloromycetin 氯霉素erythromycin 红霉素furbenicillin 呋苄青霉素gentamycin 庆大霉素griseofulvin 灰黄霉素kanamycin 卡那霉素meecamycin, medemycin 麦迪加霉素，麦迪霉素neomycin 新霉素penicillin G 青霉素Gpolymyxin B 多粘菌素Bstreptomycin 链霉素terramycin 合霉素terramycin 土霉素Sulfonamides and Furane Derivatives 磺胺类及呋喃类药furacilin 呋喃西林furazolicone 呋喃唑酮，痢特灵sulfacetamide (SA) 磺胺醋酰sulfaciazine (SD) 磺胺嘧啶sulfadimidine (SM2) 磺胺二甲嘧啶sulfamethoxazole 新诺明，磺胺甲噁唑trimethoprim (TMP) 增效磺胺Sedatives and Tranquilizers 镇静、安定药chlordiazepoxide, librium 利眠宁chlorpromazine, wintermine 氯丙嗪,冬眠药diazepam, valium 地西泮，安定fluphenazine 氟奋乃静meprobamate, miltown 甲丙氨酯，眠尔通oryzanol 谷维素pentobarbital 戊巴比妥perphenazine 奋乃静phenobarbital, luminal 本巴比妥，鲁米那Analgesics 镇痛药codeine phosphate 磷酸可待因dolantin, pethidine 度冷丁，哌替啶opium tincture 阿片酊pentazocine 镇痛新Analgesics 解热镇痛药analgin 安乃近aspirin 阿司匹林aspirin compound tablet (APC) 复方阿司匹林butazolidin, butazone 保泰松chlofenamic acid 抗风湿灵，氯灭酸indomethac in, indacin 吲哆美辛，消炎痛ibuprofen 布洛芬paracetamol 对乙酰氨基酚，扑热息痛phenacetin 非那西丁somedon 索密痛Atitussives and Bronchial Spasm Relaxants 镇咳、解痉药aerosol isoprenaline异丙肾上腺素气雾剂aminophylline 氨茶碱carbetapentane, toclase 咳必清brown mixture棕色合剂，复方干草合剂chloperastine 咳平ephedrine 麻黄素isoprenaline 异丙肾上腺素salbutamol 舒喘灵Drags for Digestive Diseases 消化系统疾病用药yeast 酵母片Lactasin, biofermin 乳酶生pancreatin 胰酶pepsin 胃蛋白酶atropine 阿托品belladonna extract 颠茄浸膏benactyzine 胃复康probanthine 普鲁苯辛sodium bicarbonate 小苏打vitamin U 维生素Uranitidine 雷尼替丁liquid paraffin 液体石蜡magnesium sulfate 硫酸镁dehydrocholic acid 去氢胆酸glucurone 肝泰乐glutamic acid 谷氨酸sodium taurocholate 胆酸钠Drugs for Cardiovascular Diseases 心血管疾病用药lidocaine 利多卡因mexiletine 美西律oxprenolol 氧烯洛尔，心得平procainamid hydrochloride 盐酸普鲁卡因胺propranolol dinitrate 普萘洛尔，心得安persantin 双咪哌胺醇，潘生丁quinidine 奎尼丁verapamil 异博定nitroglycerine 硝酸甘油nifedipine 硝苯地平，心痛定isosorbide dinitrate 硝酸异山梨酯，消心痛digoxin 地高辛digitoxin 洋地黄毒甙cedilanid 西地兰Antihypertensive Drugs 抗高血压药atenolol 氨酰心安captopril 开博通，卡托普利furazosin 派唑嗪methyl dopa 甲基多巴nimodipine tablet尼莫地平片reserpine 利血平sodium nitroprusside 硝普钠vertical 降压灵dibazol 地巴唑Antituberculosis Drugs 抗结核药ethambutol 乙胺丁醇isoniazid 异烟肼para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) 对氨基水杨酸pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺rifampin利福平Antifungal and Antiviral Agents 抗真菌及抗病毒药amphotericin 二性霉素clotrimazole 克霉唑flagyl 灭滴灵，甲硝唑ketoconazole 酮康唑nystatin 制霉菌素amantadine 金刚烷胺，金刚胺moroxydine(ABOB) 病毒灵，吗啉胍Antianemic Agents 抗贫血药calcium leucovorin 甲酰四氢叶酸钙，甲叶钙cobalt chloride 氯化钴ferric ammonium citrate 枸橼酸铁胺，柠檬酸铁胺ferrous sulfate 硫酸亚铁，硫酸低铁folic acid 叶酸iron dextran 右旋糖酐铁lliver extract 肝精vitamin B12 维生素B12 Anti-allergic Agents 抗过敏药calcium gluconate 葡萄糖酸钙chlorpheniramine 扑尔敏diphenhydramine, benadryl 苯海拉明，苯那君histaglobulin 组织胺球蛋白promethazine, phenergan 异丙嗪，非那根Anthelminthics 驱肠虫药areca 槟榔levamisole 左旋咪唑，驱钩蛔piperazine citrate 驱蛔灵V itamins 维生素compound rutin 复方芦丁calcium pantothenate 泛酸钙nicotinamide(NAA) 烟酰胺nicotinic acid(NA) 烟酸pyritinol hydrochloricde 脑复新vitamin A维生素Avitamin B1 维生素B1vitamin B2, riboflavin维生素B2，核黄素vitamin B6, pyridoxine 维生素B6，吡哆醇vitamin B compound 复合维生素Bvitamin C, ascorbic acid 维生素C，抗坏血酸vitamin D2, calciferol 维生素D2，骨化醇vitamin D3, cholecalciferol 维生素D3，胆维丁vitamin E, tocopherol 维生素E，生育酚Hormones 激素corticotrophin (ACTH) 促肾上腺皮质激素cortisone 可的松desoxycorticosterone (DOCA) 去氧皮质酮dexamethasone 地塞米松fluocinolone acetonide 肤轻松hydrocortisone氢化可的松prednisolone强的松龙，去氢氢化可的松prednisone 强的松，去氢可的松chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 绒毛膜促性腺激素，绒膜激素clomiphene 克罗米芬estradiol benzoate 苯甲酸雌二醇medroxyprogesterone acetate, provera 安宫黄体酮megestrol 甲地孕酮methyltestosterone 甲基睾丸素progesterone 黄体酮stillboestrol 乙烯雌酚testosterone propionate 丙酸睾丸素Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Drugs onthe Immune System 肿瘤化疗制剂及免疫系统用药Adriamycin 阿霉素azathioprine(AZP) 硫唑嘌呤cyclophosphamide(CTX) 环磷酰氮芥cyclosporine A环孢霉素A，环孢灵cytarabine 阿糖胞苷dactinomycin 放线菌素D，更生霉素fluorouracil 氟尿嘧啶hydrocortisone 氢化可的松，氢可的松interferon 干扰素levamisole 左旋四咪唑，左咪唑methotrexate 甲氨蝶呤thiotepa 塞替哌thymosin 胸腺素vincristine(VCR) 长春新碱Agents Used for Metabolic Diseases 治疗代谢性疾病用药insulin 胰岛素Lugol's solution 卢戈尔液glibenclamide 格列本脲，优降糖propylthiouracil 丙基硫氧嘧啶phenformin 苯乙双胍，降糖灵tapazole 甲巯咪唑，他巴唑thyroid 甲状腺，甲状腺剂tolbutamide 甲磺丁脲，甲糖宁protamine zinc insulin (PZI) 精蛋白锌胰岛素（长效）Fluids for Infusion 静脉输液concentrated sodium chloride injection 浓氯化钠注射液5% glucose in normal saline (GNS) 5％葡萄糖盐水5% glucose solution (GS) 5％葡萄糖溶液Normal saline(NS) 生理盐水10% potassium chloride 10％氯化钾Ringer's solution 林格溶液，复方氯化钠溶液5% sodium bicarbonate 5％碳酸氢钠28.75% sodium glutamate 28.75％谷氨酸钠11.2% sodium lactate 11.2％乳酸钠Biological Products 生物制品aprotinin 抑肽酶bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine 卡介苗cytochrome C 细胞色素Cdiphtheria antitoxin (DA T) 白喉抗毒素Gamma globulin 丙种球蛋白Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶lysozyme 溶菌酶pancreatin 胰酶streptokinase(SK) 溶栓酶，链激酶tetanus antitoxin 破伤风抗霉素urokinase 尿激酶Eye and ENT Drugs 眼、耳、鼻、喉用药atropine 阿托品borax 硼沙chloramphenicol eye drops 氯霉素滴眼液cortisone acetate eye drops 醋酸可的松滴眼液homatropine 后马托品sodium sulfacetamide 磺胺醋酰钠boric acid alcohol 硼酸酒精chloramphenicol glycerin 氯霉素甘油滴耳液ephedrine nose drops 麻黄素滴鼻液furacilin solution 呋喃西林溶液neomycin solution 新霉素溶液Drugs for External Use 外用药ammonia solution 氨溶液bromo-geramine 苯扎溴铵，新洁尔灭hibitane 氯已定，洗必泰mercurochrome 红汞phenol 酚potassium permanganate(PP) 高锰酸钾silver nitrate 硝酸银turpentine oil 松节油hydrogen peroxide 双氧水gentian violet 甲紫，紫药水Anesthetics 麻醉药ether 乙醚ethyl chloride 氯乙烷procaine 普鲁卡因sodium pentothal 硫喷妥钠lidocaine 利多卡因fluothane 氟烷。

第一节概述一、药剂学基本概念药剂学（pharmacy，pharmaceutics）是研究制剂的处方设计、配制理论、生产技术和质量控制等综合性应用技术的科学。

研究制剂生产工艺理论的科学称为制剂学（science of preparation）。

研究方剂的配制、服用等有关技术和理论的科学称为调剂学（science of prescription）。

制剂学和调剂学以往也总称为药剂学。

由于医药工业的发展和药品管理的规范化，制剂生产成为主导，因此近来药剂学与药物制剂学的含义基本一致。

药物（drugs）是指原料药，即用以防治人类和动物疾病以及对机体生理机能有影响的物质，可分为中药与天然药物、化学药物（包括抗生素）、生物技术药物三大类。

中药（traditional Chinese medicine）系指我国经典著作收载的、为中医师传统使用的药材和饮片。

生物技术药物(biotechnical drugs)系指通过生物技术获得的药物，主要包括重组细胞因子药物、重组激素类药物、重组溶栓药物、基因工程疫苗、治疗性抗体和基因药物等。

任何一种药物，在供临床应用之前，都必须制成适合于治疗或预防应用的、与一定给药途径相适应的给药形式，称为药物剂型（drug dosage forms,简称剂型）。

例如片剂、注射剂、胶囊剂、软膏剂、栓剂、气雾剂等为剂型，是制剂的基本形式，剂型为集体名词。

中药剂型也往往包括著名传统中药剂型如丸、丹、膏、散等，和现代中药剂型如颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、注射剂等。

药物制剂(drug preparations，简称制剂)是指根据药典或国家标准将药物制成适合临床要求并具有一定质量标准，用于预防、治疗、诊断人的疾病，有目的地调节人的生理机能并规定有适应症、用法和用量的物质，包括中成药、化学合成药制剂、生物技术药物制剂、放射性药品和诊断药品等，制剂也是剂型中的品种，亦即通常所谓的药品，例如罗红霉素片、注射用抑肽酶、细胞色素C注射液、头孢克洛胶囊、醋酸氟轻松软膏、甲硝唑栓、盐酸异丙肾上腺素气雾剂等。