英汉互译10-attributive clauses

格式：doc
大小：91.50 KB
文档页数：5

下载文档原格式

高考英语attributive-clause

前几年的一天，黄先生的湘西老乡宋祖英妹妹邀我与陈道明一起去老人在京东的万荷堂去看望他，我欣喜地把我的心愿和那另外三张斗方都带去了。老人看到那三位老友的墨迹，顿时发呆了好久，然后幽幽地对我说：“你这个姑妈是好人啊，就是脾气大，总喜欢与我争执问题。常常是在争得不分胜负、不可开交时，她甩门而去。但她也可以在半小时甚至更多的时间后，突然推门而至，说，刚才是你对了，我错了，然后又甩门而去了。”“后来她走了，没有人再与我争执了。现在啊，只要电话一响，我就常常想，是郁风来电话了，是你姑妈从那边给我来电话了呢……”说到这，老人突然泪流满面。我亦然。写到这，我又有点发呆了。发呆其实是一种境界，它与“难得糊涂”一样，同是一种境界。

认识黄先生是在近四十年前，我的“姑妈”郁风介绍的。说来有点话长，郁风姑妈与丈夫黄苗子皆是当代的大画家大艺术家，她还是大文豪郁达夫的侄女。不过我与她只是同宗同姓而已。我们在相识多年后她有一天给我写了一封信，对我说：“你以后不能再叫我先生、阿姨了，你得叫我姑妈，因为你父亲姓郁。”于是，我从此就改了口。年轻时的我喜欢集字，喜欢把四个字的成语拆了，请书画名家在四尺八裁斗方大的宣纸上一家写一个字。比如说忠孝仁义，其中我请了郁风姑妈写了“仁”，苗子姑夫写了“义”，请了他俩最好的朋友之一丁聪先生写了“忠”。理所当然的，这个“孝”则想求得同样是他俩的最好友黄永玉先生的墨宝，但阴错阳差的总没逢缘。后来，姑妈姑夫与丁先生都先后去世了，这心愿也就搁置下来了。

Attributive clause

4.先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时 5.当先行词既有人也有物时； 6.主句以who, what, which开头的特殊疑问句时
注意下面的句子：
1.I miss the city in which I used to live. 2.I can not forget the day on which I was awarded the First-place Scholarship.
Talk about something that mean a lot to you, such as your watches, pens, books, and so on. You need to describe it in details. e.g. I like this watch that I bought in HK during the holidays.
minton match. which 4.It’s the dog ______ lives in our block of flats. which 5.They’re the socks ______ are on sale this week. 6.He’s the person ______ is waiting for a taxi. who 7.This is the trian _______ goes to Shenzhen. which which 8.This the the road _______ leads to the Book City.
7. He is the cleverest boy. I have ever seen the boy.
He is the cleverest boy whom I have ever seen. 8. The boy studies very hard. His mother is a business woman. The boy whose mother is a business woman studies very hard.

英语长句的处理

尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况 , 但人们不敢出门 , 因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。
Now you try:

Dr. Smith resumed the activities of anti-cancer experiment begun in 1975 and financed by the Federal government as soon as he snapped from his original disappointment at repeated failures, which had resulted in their forced suspension. 史密斯医生于1975年开始着手由联邦政府资助的抗癌实验。他由于屡遭失败而感到沮丧，被迫终止了实验工作。现在他又重新振作起来，恢复了抗癌实验活动。
6.Inserting 插入nserting here we mean putting some additional punctuation marks such as dash, parenthesis, colon, etc., in a long and complex sentence so as to make the Chinese version both clear and smooth. The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 第二个方面是全体社会成员（从政府官员到普通公民）都使用科学家们在他们工作中所采用的那种特殊的思考方法和行为方法。 If you go to visit Nobel’s old residence, the house in which the great chemist remained a bachelor throughout his life, you will catch sight of a shelf laden with experimental records. 如果你参观诺贝尔的故居——在那座房子里，这位伟大的化学家过了一辈子的独身生活——你将看到一个堆满实验记录的书架。

高一英语必修一 Unit4 定语从句Attributive clauses Ⅰ

whose+n,
=the +n+of +which/whom,
=of +which/whom + the +n
4. Peter lives in the room ___ window opens to the south. A. whose B. that C. which D. of which 5. Please pass me the dictionary ___ the cover is black. A. of which B. which of C. its D. whose
Attributive clauses Ⅰ
定语从句 Ⅰ
一概念
在英语中修饰n或 pron的成分称为定语，根据定语出现在n或 pron前后在位置可以将其分为前置定语和后置定语。 a developing country a kind father a girl in red a boy sleeping in class 一般而言，前置定语经常由单个词充当，而后置定语则由短语或句子充当，当一个句子充当定语修饰前面的n或 pron时，就被称为定语从句。
Combine the two sentences to one.
1 I like the girl. The girl lives next door.
I like the girl who/that lives next door. The girl whom/who/that I like lives next door.
3.
It is a poor dog. Its heart is broken. It is a poor dog whose heart is broken.

Translation of attributive clause

他在香港的爸爸下星期要回台北。(他还有别的爸爸）
他爸爸现在在香港，下星期回台北。
But please remember: There’s no rule but has no exception. Some non-restrictive attributive clauses are also restrictive in meaning. Look at the following sentence: American families, which host foreign students, are not paid, though they are allowed a small income tax deduction. (Para. 5, L.28) 收留外国学生的美国家庭得不到报酬，但可以少量地减少所得税。
They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.
他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，遍及全国。 (表示结果） In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved. 当两国发生争端时，如与两国都友好，则力避卷入。（表示条件）
the seriously ill do not want to know the truth
Object Clause
S
P
Object Clause
Object Clause
about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.

2010双学位语法10AttributiveclauseInvertedS

Lecture Ten
1. Attribute clause (Ⅱ )
2. Inverted sentences
Ⅰ. Revision 1. Emphasis 2. Attribute clause Ⅱ. New contents 1. Attribute clause (Ⅱ) 2. Inverted sentences 3．Absolute Construction (Time permitting) Ⅲ. Assignment
A. Full inversion
又称主谓倒装（Subject-verb inversion），即把整个谓语动词放在主语之前。这类倒装主要出现于： 1. 地点状语前置; 2. said John, answered Peter等直接引语结构中； 3. 表语提前的情况下; 4.表示地点状语、运动方向和时间的副词或者介词放在句首且主语为名词时。如：here, there, up, down, out, away, now, then, thus等。
2. 带有“插入语”的定语从句 This is the girl ___ artists said posed as a model for the painting. A. whose B. which C. who D. whom
选C. 此题考的是带“插入语”的定语从句。所谓带有”插入语“的定从，即指在定从的关系词后紧跟一个“主谓结构”，但这个“主谓结构” 并非从句的主谓语，而是表达个人观点的插入语。 artists said 为插入语，who在从句中做主语。
分析：定从是修饰nothing的；此句含有双重否定： nothing… that does not… 因此，只有符合自由市场要求的食物才会是好的或正常的。

Attributive-clause

不做主语，宾语，表语，则用where
which 引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整个主句
Attributive clauses
Definition
• An attributive clause(定语从句) is a subordinate clause（从句） used as attributive（定语）, which follows an antecedent（先行词）.
• An antecedent is a noun(名词) or pronoun（代词）.
• 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。
Summary
• 6个抽象地点名词: • point 地步; • case 情况; • activity 活动; • situation 情况; • position 境地,位置; • job 工作; • 另外，语法学案中出现 occasion 场合 • 以上名词作先行词时，如果在定语从句中
• the boy 是先行词, 在定语从句中做主语
• 4. I want to meet the boy whom you talked about just now .
• the boy是先行词, 在定语从句中做about 的宾语
• 5. The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.
• 5.The man is said to come from a town _(w__h_ic_h__/t_h_a_t)__ nobody knew.
• 6.That is the age _w_h_e_n_/_in__w_h_i_c_h__people live in peace and happiness.

Translation of Attributive Clauses ppt

In the above, we may change the relative pronoun into a personal pronoun and connect it to the main clause by “and.” Two cases in the order: A. the order may remain if the attributive clause is originally placed after the main clause (1,4,5,6 and 7) The and-clauses will have to be shifted to the place after the predicate of the main clause if it is originally inserted between the subject of the main clause and its predict(2and 3)
1.Restrictive attributive clauses Restrictive attributive clause is used to restrict the meaning of the antecedent it modifies. Three characteristics: a. placed after the antecedent; b. Generally, no comma to separate the clause from the antecedent it modifies; c. forms an indispensible part of the sentence it belongs to in meaning.
Байду номын сангаас

Translation of Attributive clause

译成“目的”分句

Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their family. 人们极其迫切地需要工作，不管什么工作，只要能够维持一家人的生活就行。

译成“条件、假设”分句
1. Attributive comparison of English and Chinese; 2. Translation methods of translation of attribute;

A stone building Faded flowers Boiling water Boiled water A gone case The risen sun

在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。
English: Model 1: word attributive + head Model 2: head + word attributive Head + phrase Head + clause Chinese:
attributive + head
Preposition

在否定句中，译成汉语“和/与……相反”。
1.
Foreign invaders that are larger, have stronger brands, or enjoy other advantages can overwhelm local firms in their home markets. You should have to be very careful not to offend the foreman, who could give you the sack at any time.

Chapter 3(2) 句子翻译

5
常见句型的翻译——定语从句的翻译
[<]
II . 译成后置定语 A、一些结构比较复杂，或者意思上有较强的独立性的限制性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列句。采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词，比如：有时可在此词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”或人称代词“他”、“他们”等等，来使译文明确。 7. This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task. 本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。可以说写作是一个难题。可以说写作是一个难题 6
4
常见句型的翻译——定语从句的翻译
[<]
当然，有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定语从句，对先行词也有不同程度的修饰限制作用，有时也可以译为前置定语。 5. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. 他喜欢热情愉快的热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的，冷漠高傲的哥哥。。热型的翻译——状语从句的翻译
[<]
她坚持要再买一双溜冰鞋，尽管她还用不着。（译成让步状从）
13
常见句型的翻译——定语从句的翻译
[<]
23. Rose took Chinese medicine which relieved her symptoms.
罗斯服了中药，结果缓解了症状。（译成结果状从）
24. There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong willpower.

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Unit 10 Attributive ClausesOf various English subordinate clauses, the attributive clause is perhaps the most complicated and therefore it always poses a hard nut for the translator to crack. This is either because of the disparity between English and Chinese syntax or because of their habitual modes of expressing the same idea in different ways. And here are some instances from the above Practical Translation Training:▪The saga of the White Star Liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912…▪白星公司班轮泰坦尼克号在1912年的处女航中因撞上冰山而沉没的传闻轶事……▪… the railings where doomed passengers and crew members stood…▪那些惨遭厄运的乘客和船员曾站过的栏杆旁……▪…Marine Geologist Robert Ballard, 44, who led the teams from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution that found the Titanic last September…▪……44岁的海洋地质学家罗伯特﹒巴拉德领导德伍兹霍尔海洋研究所科学探险队，该队于去年9月发现了泰坦尼克号……▪… the 300-ft. gash that, according to legend, was torn in the Titanic’s hull▪……传说中泰坦尼克船体上那条划破长达300英尺的裂缝▪…the stern, which settled on the bottom almost 1,800 ft. from the bow, had swiveled 180 on its way down.▪……船尾在下沉时旋转了180度，在海底距船首几乎有1800英尺远。

I．A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attributive StructuresAs some linguists have pointed out, an English sentence may be followed by an unlimited number of attributive clauses behind the word being modified, while a Chinese sentence allows only a limited amount of words preceding the word being modified. And eventually, there is no correspondence between their sentence structures. A comparative study of English and Chinese attributive structures helps us to bring this disparity to light.1.This is the cat. 这就使那只猫。

2.This is the cat that killed the rat. 这就使那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。

3.This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. ﹡这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的猫。

4.This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. ﹡这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。

5.This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. 这﹡就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。

Apparently, it’s impossible for a translator to put all the information into one Chinese sentence in the same sequence as in English. Thus, a readable Chinese version of the above English sentence 3, 4, 5 should be respectively like this:3. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。

老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。

4．这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。

老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。

5．这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。

老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。

屋子是杰克盖得。

Therefore, some specific methods are needed to tackle the problems in the translation of English attributive clauses.II. Restrictive Attributive ClausesRestrictive attributive clauses, which are characterized by the absence of a comma between the subordinate clauses and the principal clauses, are very closely related to the nouns or pronouns (also called antecedents) that they are modifying. The meaning of the complex sentence would not be complete unless the restrictive attributive clause is taken into consideration. Generally, the following three methods are used to translate restrictive attributive clauses.1. CombinationThis is the most common practice of translating English attributive clause that is not too long. In this case, an English restrictive attributive clause is embedded in the Chinese sentence with “…..的……”structure and directly placed before the words being modified (the antecedents). By combination, we have actually converted an English complex sentence into a Chinese simple sentence.▪The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.▪在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。

▪Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.▪污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。

▪July and August are the months when the weather is hot.▪七八月是天气很热的月份。

▪In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all.在存放电子计算机的房间里，不能有一点灰尘。

2. DivisionSometimes, an English sentence with a restrictive attributive clause is not too long or too complicated for the translator to take as a single sentence. In this case, we may divide it into two or several parts, placing the attributive clause after the principal clause to conform to the Chinese usage, repeating the antecedent being modified.▪They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。

▪Between these two particles, the proton and the electron, there is a powerful attraction that is always present between negative and positive electric charges. 在质子和电子这两种微粒之间有一个很大的吸引力，而这个吸引力总是存在于正、负电荷之间。