三种普通欧洲鲤科鱼类(拟鲤、粗鳞鳊和欧鳊)人工杂交F1代形态学观察
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实验二鲤鱼(或鲫鱼)的外形和内部解剖
实验属性:验证
开出要求:必开
实验目的:
一、通过对鲤鱼(或鲫鱼)鱼的结构观察,了解硬骨鱼类的主要特征以及鱼类适应于水生生活的形态结构特征。
二、学习和掌握或鲤鱼(或鲫鱼)的解剖方法。
实验内容:
(一) 观察鲤鱼(或鲫鱼)的外形(身体分区、鳍、鳞片以及侧线等)。
(二) 剪去鱼体左侧体壁肌肉,暴露出内脏器官,进行内部解剖与观察。
(三)鱼骨骼系统的观察。
(四)实验材料和用具:
活鲤鱼(或鲫鱼),鱼整体和分散骨骼标本。
解剖镜、解剖器、解剖盘、放大镜、鬃毛、棉花、培养皿。
实验注意事项:
剪开体壁时剪刀尖不要插入太深,而应向上翘,以免损伤内脏;
注意揭开左侧体壁之前先将体腔膜与体壁分开,以使内脏器官与体壁分开时不致被损坏,以不致损坏覆盖在前后鳔室之间的肾脏和紧靠头后部的头肾;
实验观察及记录应注意顺序性。
(一)外部形态1、体呈梭形, 左右侧扁
2、身体分部
(1)头:(2)躯干:鳍鳞侧线(3)尾
口端位有颌
无触须
鼻孔一对
眼一对
内耳
鳃裂
躯干头
尾
尾鳍
臀鳍腹鳍胸鳍
背鳍
奇鳍偶鳍
•作业与思考:
•1.根据原位观察,绘鲤鱼的内部解剖图,注明各器官名称。
•2.绘鲤鱼(或鲫鱼)的躯椎骨和尾椎骨各1枚,注明各部位的名称。
•3.简述鱼类适应于水生生活的形态结构特征。
•4、记录自己的解剖体会。
建鲤——我国养殖鱼类杂交选育的第一个品种
孙小异
【期刊名称】《科学养鱼》
【年(卷),期】1988(000)004
【摘要】建鲤曾获1986年农牧渔业部科技进步二等奖,现已选育至第六代,其生产性能和经济性状的稳定性,有了进一步的提高,故定名为建鲤。
其意思是,该鱼是为“四化”建设而选育,是创建的我国第一个人工杂交选育的养殖鱼类优良品种。
【总页数】2页(P16-17)
【作者】孙小异
【作者单位】中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】S965.116
【相关文献】
1.由湖北长江屯玉种业有限公司选育的我国第一个基因标记纯度安全两系杂交水稻新品种及其不育系日前通过湖北省品种审定 [J], 胡旭
2.安徽省第一个杂交芝麻和第一个常规芝麻新品种选育成功 [J], 杨普;汪永安
3.由湖北长江屯玉种业有限公司选育的我国第一个基因标记纯度安全两系杂交水稻新品种及其不育系日前通过湖北省品种审定 [J], 胡旭
4.四川农大成功选育我国第一个饲用薏苡品种 [J],
5.长江屯玉种业攻克两系杂交水稻纯度安全难关——我国第一个基因标记纯度安全两系杂交水稻新品种及其不育系通过湖北省审定 [J],
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分析,建立了能一次性检测水产品中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、孔雀石绿以及氯霉素四类12种渔药残留的方法。
通过对方法的检出限、回收率、精密度、线性范围等方法学进行验证,该方法满足对这12种渔药检测的要求。
与传统的方法相比,本实验的方法快速、简单、灵敏、成本低、效率高,适合实验室进行批量样品的检测。
参考文献(略)德国镜鲤人工繁育研究李建军 张 磊(大庆市石人沟渔业有限公司 大庆 杜蒙 166258)鲤鱼的人工繁殖技术虽已掌握,但在许多环节上还存在问题,造成了生产单位大量人力、物力的浪费。
大多数养殖场由于缺乏科学管理,有效群体数量较少、混杂、逆向选择、近亲交配以及由此而引起的经济性状衰退和基因库萎缩等问题,生产的苗种质量得不到保证。
基于此,本文以实际生产案例为参照,对德国镜鲤人工繁育的全过程进行阐述,同时探讨了温度对镜鲤产孵的影响,可供鱼苗场作为参考。
1.材料与方法1.1亲鱼的选育1.1.1亲鱼培育池的选择亲鱼培育池位于哈尔滨市丁香岛,丁香岛渔业有限公司原隶属于哈尔滨渔业集团,位于松北区万宝镇前三公里处,占地50万m2,是集生态养殖、繁育、科研、休闲、餐饮于一体的多元化产业基地。
水质资源丰富良好,排、注水方便,环境安静开阔,避风向阳,交通便利。
亲鱼池选择水深2m、面积0.2~0.3hm2的长方形池塘。
1.1.2待催产亲鱼的选择当水温稳定在18℃以上时,对鲤鱼进行催产。
选择亲鱼时按照以下三点进行挑选:第一,外貌正常没有残缺的个体;第二,尽量选头部比较宽,背部比较高的个体;第三,畸形亲鱼的正常后代,也不宜作为后备亲鱼。
因此在拉网时打鱼时,应尽量避免弄伤亲鱼。
用鱼夹运送亲鱼,将损伤降到最低。
选择背高体宽、头较小、腹部膨大,肛门和生殖孔略红肿突出,手摸亲鱼腹部柔软且富有弹性,无伤体壮,规格在2kg以上的雌性德国镜鲤;而雄鱼体狭长、头较大、腹部狭小而硬,轻压腹部有白色精液流出,规格在1.5 kg以上。
1.2催产前期准备1.2.1备好产卵池与孵化池丁香岛的产卵池为长6m、宽4m,池底附有增氧纳米管的长方形水泥池。
动物学报54(1):144—156,2008 Acta Zoologica Sinica
Morphological recognition of artificial F1 hybrids between three common European cyprinid species: Rutilus rutilus, Blicca bjoerkna and Abramis brama
B.NZAU MATONDOH,M.OVIDIO ,P.PONCIN ,P.VANDEWALLE。,J.
C.PHILIPPART 1.University of Liege,Biology of Behaviour Unit,Laboratory of Fish Demography and Hydroecology,10 Chemin de la Justice,B一 45oo Tihange.Belgium 2.University of Libge,Biology of Behaviour Unit,Laboratory of Fish Ethology,22 Quai van Beneden,B-4020 Libge,Belgium 3.University of Liege,Laboratory of Functional and Evohtive Morphology,3 Allre de la chimie,B-4000 Liege,Belgium
Abstract The FI hybrids of roach Rut//us rut//us,silver bream Blicca bjoerk,I口,and common bream Abramis brama from experimental reciprocal cro¥8一breedings were identified at 18 months of age in relation to the parental species.11Ie morphological
analysis,including quantitative(plastic and meristic)and nonmetric features difering in the roach,the silver bream and the common bream.revealed that roach×common bream and roach×silver bream hybrids were easierto distinguish from their parents than silver bream×coulnlon bream hybrids.These roach hybrids had many morphological similarities such as the upper iris coloured in red as in the roach.and they were morphologicany intermediate to the two parents.11Iis contrasted with the silver bream×common bream hybrids,in which intermediate characteristics were also observed.but with some[1qtl ̄ntal variants.Roach ×silver bream hybridswere distinguishablefrom roach×common bream hybrids byitslarge eye.itslower scale numbersalongthe lateral line and its two rows ofpharyngeal teeth.Silver bream×common bream hybrids,compared to the two othertypes of hybrids studied,had hi er anal fin soft ray numbers and a clear eye iris with a median black line.In all interspecific CroSseS of these three cyprinid species fish,t}le reciprocal hybrids were generally indistinguishable[Acts Zoologica Sinica 54(1):144—156, 2008]. Key words Quantitative,Nonmetric features,Hybrids,Cyprinid
三种普通欧洲鲤科鱼类(拟鲤、粗鳞鳊和欧鳊) 人工杂交F1代形态学观察
B.NZAU MATONDO M.OVIDIO P.PONCIN P.VANDEWALLE。 J.C.PHILIPPART 1.University of Liege,Biology of Behaviour Unit,Laboratory of Fish Demography and Hydroecology,10 Chemin de la Justice,B一 4500 Tihange,Belgium 2.University of Liege,Biology of Bebuviour Unit,Laboratory of Fish Ethology,22 QlIai van Beneden,B一4020 Lii ̄ge,Belgium 3.University of Liege,Laboratory of Functional and Evolutive Morphology,3 All6e de la chimie,B一4OOO Liege,Belgium
摘要对反交试验获得的18个月的拟鲤、粗鳞鳊和欧鳊Fl代进行了鉴定。对不同于拟鲤、粗鳞鳊和欧鳊三种 鱼的可量和可数形态特征分析表明,拟鲤×欧鳊和拟鲤×粗鳞鳊杂交种比粗鳞鳊×欧鳊杂交种与它们的双亲更 容易区分。拟鲤杂交种间具有很多形态上的相似性,例如,上侧虹膜在拟鲤为红色,杂交种则介于双亲之间。 在粗鳞鳊×欧鳊杂交种中也可以观察到居间类型。拟鲤×粗鳞鳊和拟鲤×欧鳊各自的杂交种可以通过眼睛的大 小、较少的侧线鳞数和2行咽喉齿等特征相区分。粗鳞鳊×欧鳊杂交种与另外两个杂交种相比,具有更多的臀 鳍分支鳍条数和一个中央具一黑线的虹斑。三个种进行杂交再获得的互交种通常不易区分[动物学报54(1): 14—156,2oo8]。
Received June 27,2OO7;accepted Oct.10,20O7 *Corresponding author. E・ma.d:bll盟m丑t@yah00.fr ◎2008动物学报Acta z0 lg S/n/ca 1期 NZAU MATONDO et a1.:Morphological recognition of FI cyprinid hybrids l45 关键词 可量特征 非可量特征 杂交种 鲤科鱼类 Cyprinid hybrids collected in natural environments have already been described morphologically(Regan, 191l;Wheeler and Easton,1978;Penczak。1978; Witkowski and Blachuta,1980;Bianco,1982;DaLs and Nelson, 1988), karyologically(Pervozvanskiy and Zeinskyi, 198 1)。 and using allozyme variation (Brassington and Ferguson,1976;Golubstsov and I1’in 11,1983;Golubstsov et a1.,1990)in terms of assumed parental species.Unfortunately,these descriptions rarely specify male and female parents of hybrids(direction of hybridization). ese descriptions are therefore incomplete because they omit information that is relevant to the identification of the hybrid. Roach Rutilus rutilus(L.)and common bream Abramis brama(L.)hybrids are probably the most frequent in nature among cyprinid hybrids in the Old World(Golubstsov et a1.,1990).During the large.scale hybridization between roach and common bream,the species producing the highest abundance of hybrids,from 37%to 90%of the parental populations.was recorded by Fahy et a1.(1988)in Irish Reservoir.Natural hybrids of roach×common bream have been described in many European water bodies and remain the most widely studied.On the other hand.the hybrids of roach×silver bream Blwca bjoerkna(L.)and common bream×silver bream have only very rarely been studied,probably because the roach×silver bream hybrids are much less abundant(Wheeler,1969)or because the common bream ×silver bream hybrids are very similar to the parental species and consequently are difficult to identify in the wild. e best approach to identifying natural hybrids is probably the characterization of pilot hybrids produced in a controlled environment. is strategy was adopted by Pitts et a1.(1997)to check the identity of common bream×roach hybrids collected in Forty Foot Drain in England. eir study was focused on the meristic characteristics(the number of anal fin rays and the number of scales along the lateral line,between the lateral line and the dorsal fin,and between the lateral line and the anal fin)and genetics(evaluated by electrophoresis)to confirm the identity of natural hybrids. For identifying the hybrids of the three cyprinid species fish.the standard profile expressed aLs the length ratios of morphometric characteristics,the iris colour,the fin placement and the number of teeth,taking into account the direction of hybridization,have not been used to characterize the hybrids in Westem Europe.However, this type of study is important because it could help to detect the hybrids among the parents and also to differentiate these hybrids from other hybrids from other species colonizing the same natural habi ̄t. In this study.we aimed to frIrther examine the morphological difference between the F1 reciprocal hybrids and between FI hybrids and parents.The Success of this examination could contribute to the recognition of the F1 hybrids in European waters in which the roach. the silver bream and the common bream USUally live in sympatry in the same type of rivers(Huet,1949; Philippart,1989)and naturally hybridize(Wheeler, 1969;Penczak,1978;Swinney and Coles,1982)。even if the precise definition of hybrid generation from the natural environment requires genetic analysis(Pacheco et a1.,2002)when the hybrids are fertile.Since the quantitative (plastic and meristic) and nonmetric characteristics differ in roach,silver bream and common bream,they were used aLs the criteria for the morphological analysis of the hybrids.