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怎么区别动词非谓语动词的时态非谓语动词非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。
动词不定式1．常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done进行式to be doing2．语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。
例如：1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall?Can you give us some advice on what to do next?宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.I didn´t notice them come in.注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, （其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.）help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth. 定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.6）状语：in order toA．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English. to注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词的时态和语态形式一、非谓语动词的时态（不含过去分词）一般式：非谓语动词的一般式表示的动作可以与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前或之后。
I saw he go out/going out.He stood there crying.He insisted on joining the army.Thank you for giving us so much help.完成式：非谓语动词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前I am sorry to have kept you waiting.He was praised for having taught for 60 years.Having finished the work he went home.不定式的完成式和完成进行式：只有动词不定式有这两种时态。
其进行式表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；其完成进行式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前一直进行。
They seems to be getting along well now.We’re happy to have been working with you.二、非谓语动词的语态（不含过去分词）一般被动式I’m glad to be invited here.He did it without being asked.The building being built is our school.The book is said to have been translated into chinese.It’ said that 据说…sb./sth. be said to do sth.据说某人某物…She has no memory of having been praised.The plan having been made, he carried it out at once.。
非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用1. 引言非谓语动词是指在句子中作为动词主语、宾语、定语或状语的动词形式，它不具备时态和语态的变化。
本文将探讨非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用。
2. 非谓语动词的时态非谓语动词的时态由谓语动词的时态决定，主要分为三种：一般式、完成式和进行式。
2.1 一般式一般式表示动作或状态的普遍性、客观真实性或习惯性。
常见的一般式非谓语动词有不定式、动名词和现在分词。
2.1.1 不定式不定式用于表示将来的动作或状态，也可用于表示目的、原因、结果等。
例如：- To study hard is important for students.（学生努力学习是重要的。
）- I need to finish my homework.（我需要完成作业。
）2.1.2 动名词动名词表示具体的、正在进行的动作或状态。
例如：- Swimming is good for health.（游泳对健康有好处。
）- I enjoy reading books.（我喜欢读书。
）2.1.3 现在分词现在分词表示被动或进行的动作或状态。
例如：- The boy standing there is my brother.（站在那儿的男孩是我的弟弟。
）- The book written by him is famous.（由他写的那本书很有名。
）2.2 完成式完成式表示动作已经完成或发生在谓语动词之前。
常见的完成式非谓语动词有完成式不定式、完成式动名词和过去分词。
2.2.1 完成式不定式完成式不定式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。
例如：- He seems to have forgotten everything.（他似乎忘记了一切。
）- I am glad to have finished the task.（我很高兴完成了任务。
）2.2.2 完成式动名词完成式动名词表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。
例如：- Having studied for two hours, he finally understood the concept.（经过两个小时的学习，他终于理解了这个概念。
动词的语态一．语态的种类语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态，主语是动作的承受者为被动语态，即当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态，此类动词有feel,hear,help,listen to look at ,make ,observe,see ,notice,watch二．用主动式表示被动含义的几种情况1.表示状态特征的连系动词look, appear,feel,smell,sound,taste,prove+adj/n构成的系表结构2.表示主语某种属性特征的动词:read, sell, write, act wash,clean wear,cooklook,shut,dry,eat,drink,这类动词常和副词连用3.表示开始，结束，运动的动词begin,start,finish,stop，end,shut等4.少数动词用于进行时，其主动式表示被动意义Print,build,cook,fry,hang,make用非谓语动词的主动式表示被动意义1.在want,need,require做需要时及动词deserve后面用动名词的主动式表示被动意义2.形容词worth后面常用动名词主动式表示被动3.不定式在某些形容词difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,fi,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous等后做状语，构成逻辑上的动宾关系，主动式表示被动4.不定式做名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，此时常用主动式表被动意义5.不定式to blame,to let,和动词remain等的主动式表示被动的含义6.动词say,believe,report,announce,suppose,know consider,hope,prove等以it 作形式主语，后面接that从句It’s said that he has come back from America三．不用被动语态的情况1.不及物动词或者短语不用被动语态2.系动词不用于被动语态动词的时态时态是谓语动词的形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。
七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s usel ess doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。
谓语动词、非谓语动词 vs时态、语态四级语法讲义一:时态:所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表:过去现在将来过去将来一般 did do will/shall do should/woulddo 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成had done have/has done will/shall have should/woulddone have done用于虚拟语气完成进行 had been doing have/has been / /doing1(主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般 was/were given am/is/are givenwill/shall be given should/wouldbe given 进行 was/were being am/is/are being / /given given完成 had been given have/has been will/shall have should/wouldgiven been given have beengiven 完成进行 / / / 2(被动形式, CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
, 时间状语从句当中的时态:一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一(非谓语动词一(不定式:一)不定式的常考形式:1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生2)不定式做状语----目的3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性;+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作), 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI ‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expectallow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; beresigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; beclose/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。
其中，want不太常用。
He needs (a lot of) encouraging.二. 动名词: 具有动作性特征的名词1)是名词 seeing is believing2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.一)动名词的形式:一般形式:I don't like you smoking.完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice.被动形式:This question is far from being settled.二) 动名词常考的点1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon(A(you to call B(you call C(you calling D(you're calling(Key:C your calling 也对)I regret not having taken your advice.4)有些词后只能接动名词admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish;forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法:it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it'snot/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。
I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)forgot与remember的用法类似。
I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。
try to You really must try to overcome your shyness. 努力try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
prefer的用法:我宁愿在这里等。
I prefer to wait here. (所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。
)I prefer waiting here.(我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。
)I prefer swimming to cycling. (这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。
)3 分词:现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态现在分词的形式:1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean(主任)? (与谓语动词同步发生)2)完成形式:Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)3)完成被动形式:Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 过去分词1) 过去分词表示被动:Fight no battle unprepared.2)过去分词的进行形式:You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
