2020年职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习18

2020年职称英语综合类C级概括大意历年真题及解析2020年真题Interview with Allan Gray(1)I was working for a multinational company in the early 1980s, and my brother asked me if I was interested in going into partnership with him to set up a language school. I'd always wanted to work for myself, and I was a bit fed up with working for someone else, so I said yes.Primarily, I wanted the freedom to make my own decisions, I wanted room to be creative, and also I wanted to be able to get the credit and keep the profits if we were successful. I was also happy to carry the can and take the blame if things went wrong. These things are not possible if you work as an employee in a large organization.(2) I had to borrow money to help start the business, but we were lucky because we also had some outside capital to put into the business. These days it can be really hard to persuade banks to lend money to people who want to start a company, so we were fortunate. It was fairly easy to set upthe business, because we had a very clear idea of what we wanted to do. The problem was, all our preconceptions ( 预想 ) about what it would be like to run a business were wrong.We made lots of mistakes, and we almost went bankrupt (破产的 ) at the beginning. At one point, we only had twostudents in the school.(3) Far too long! We lost money for the first four years and, as I was saying, we nearly went out of business. It tookquite a long time to start making profit. The best thing we did, though, was that we hired some really good people to work for us. In fact, some of those people are still working for us,24 years later. Now we're doing well, but it was very risky at first.(4) One is financial constraint ( 约束) , It can be very tough. Think all small businesses have cash flow problems -- it often takes a long time to get paid by your customers. The second big problem is marketing. It takes a lot of funds to market your business, and you have to get your name known and build a reputation. But the biggest challenge is managing the people. All businesses are about people, and you have to learn how to deal with all kinds of people – and I thinkwe've been extremely good at getting the best of our staff.23. Paragraph 1 __________24. Paragraph 2 __________25. Paragraph 3 __________26. Paragraph 4 __________A. Strategies in expanding a small businessB. Right people to run a businessC. Time-consuming experience of being successfulD. Challenges of running a businessE. Difficulties in starting the businessF. Reasons for working for oneself27. If you made a bad decision as a boss, you had__________.28. The difficult thing to start a business is to persuade banks __________.29. If you hire the right people, you'll probably be able __________.30. Besides financial and marketing challenges, you must know how __________.A. to lose your houseB. to manage your employeesC. to keep independentD. to lend you moneyE. to take the responsibility for itF. to make profit2020年真题The Storyteller(1) Steven Spielberg has always had one goal： to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. Andthat's what he has always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist,Spielberg spent his early childhoodin New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with imagesthat would later inspire his filmmaking.(2) Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. He believes that E.T. is the result ofthe difficult years leading up to his parent's 1966 divorce, "It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life." "He was scared of just about everything," recalls his mother, Leah Adler. "When trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. Andthat's just the kind of scary stuff he would put in filmslike Poltergeist."(3) Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dad's movie camera and began shooting short flicks aboutflying saucers and World War II battles. Spielberg's talentfor scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell,Spielberg became the center of attention. "Steven would start telling his ghost stories," says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr., leader of Troop 294, "and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it."(4) Spielberg moved to California with his father andwent to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood.Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managedto get an unpaid, non-credit internship ( 实习 ) in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back.(5) Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where he gets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs. "The process for me is mostly intuitive (凭直觉的) ," he says. "There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel (续集) to Jurassic Park."23. Paragraph 1 __________24. Paragraph 2__________25. Paragraph 3 __________26. Paragraph 4 __________A. Inspirations for his moviesB. The trouble of making moviesC. A funny manD. Getting into the movie businessE. Telling stories to make friendsF. An aim of life27. Some of Spielberg's most successful movies came from __________.28. When Spielberg was a boy, he used to be scared of__________.29. Spielberg is very good at__________.30. Spielberg says he makes movies for __________.A. almost everythingB. telling scary storiesC. a number of reasonsD. making children laughE. his childhood memoriesF. a lot of money2020年真题Traffic Jams -- No End in Sight(1) Traffic congestion (拥堵) affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S., commuters (通勤人员) spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.(2) The most promising technique for reducing citytraffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work： Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.(3)Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.(4)Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.(5)Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systemsand upgrade them with moreefficient technologies.But environmentalists complainthat such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.23. Paragraph 1 __________24. Paragraph 2__________25. Paragraph 3 __________26. Paragraph 4 __________A. Paying to get inB. Changing work practiceC. Not doing enoughD. A solution which is no solutionE. Closing city centres to trafficF. A global problem27. Most American drivers think it convenient to__________.28. If charged high enough, some drivers may enter certain parts of town __________.29. Building more roads is not an effective way to__________.30. The U. S. government has planned to __________ updating public-transport systems.A. reduce traffic jamsB. drive aroundC. go by busD. spend more moneyE. travel regularlyF. encourage more private cars答案与解析2020年真题23．F。

职称英语考试综合类备考练习之概括大意1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations (康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12~C than when kept at 26~C. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination (授粉). After that, they quickly dry up and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide (二氧化碳), called respiration (呼吸), generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.4 How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? Bycontrolling respiration How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature We know that respiration produce heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to "drink" water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers To rid the water of these unwanted substances, household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.1 Paragraph 22 Paragraph 33 Paragraph 44 Paragraph 5A Control of RespirationB Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC Role of RespirationD Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE Need for Clean WaterF Ways of Stopping Respiration5 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers6 Respiration plays a key role7 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down8 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers isA by keeping its original shape and colourB in the life of cut flowersC to produce carbon dioxideD for as long as possibleE by controlling temperatureF to replace the water and solution every day参考答案：DCAED BEF更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。

2020年职称英语考试《综合类》概括大意练习题(3)In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state， symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867， when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then，most Americans had little interest in 1，500，000 square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bear”-beyond Canada s western borders， far from the settled areas of the United States.In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle， Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth， which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters， From early May until early August， the midnight sun never sets on this flat， treeless region， but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.Alaska is America s largest state， but only about 325，000 people live there. According to estimates， 800，000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640，000 hectares are being cultivated.Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia， probably crossing Bering Strait， named for Vitus Bering， the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state s earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but， by the time Alaska was sold to the United States， most of the traders had departed.In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again，although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U.S mainland， and within the state， every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers， mail and freight to the most distant villages.The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska wassoon ended， and although many stories aboutmining camps have become part of American literature，the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams，and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing，the state s chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years， Alaska s single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal， copper， gold and other minerals.1. Paragraph 3________2. Paragraph 4_________3. Paragraph 5_________4. Paragraph 6_________A) Rich resources of the stateB) Connections with the outside worldC) Transportation problemD) The natives of the landE) Cold climateF) Land and population5. For as long as three months of a year， the sun________ on the ice-covered land of Alaska.6. According to statistics， _________ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.7. Alaska was originally part of Russia， but was bought _______.8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth__________A. as fish doesB. because of its rich natural resourcesC. by the United States in the 19th centuryD. shines day and nightE. only a very small percentageF. a limited amount of the gold found there.答案：FDCADECA。

2020职称英语《综合类》概括大意模拟试题及答案(6) Volts from the SkyLightning has caused awe and wonder since old times. Although Benjamin Franklin demonstrated lightning as enormous electrical discharge more than 200 years ago， many puzzles still surround this powerful phenomenon.Lightning is generated when electrical charges separatein rain clouds， though processes are still not fully understood. Typically， positive charges build at the cloud top， while the bottom becomes negatively charged. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning， the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the ground s surfaces， making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.A flow of electrons begins between the cloud and earth. When the voltage charge becomes large enough， it breaks through the insulating barrier of air， and electrons zigzag earthward. We see the discharge as lightning.Lightning can occur within a cloud， between clouds， or between clouds and the ground. The first variety， intra-cloud lightning， is the most frequent but is often hidden from our view. Cloud-to-ground lightning， making up about 20 percent of lightning discharges， is what we usually see. Lightning comes in several forms， including sheet， ribbon，and ball. Intra-cloud lightning can illuminate a cloud so it looks like a white sheet， hence its name. When cloud-to-ground lightning occurs during strong winds， they can shiftthe lightning channel sideways， so it looks like a ribbon. The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long andcan travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning，the rarest and most mysterious form， derives its name fromthe small luminous ball that appears near the impact point，moves horizontally， and lasts for several seconds.Thunder is generated by the tremendous heat released in a lightning discharge. Temperatures near the discharge canreach as high as 50，000°F within thousandths of a second. This sudden heating acts as an explosion， generating shock waves we hear as thunder.About 2，000 thunderstorms are occurring in the world at any time， generating about 100 lighting strikes every second，or 8 million daily. Within the United States， lightningstrikes are estimated at 20 million a year， or about 22，000 per day. You have a 1-in-600，000 chance of bring struck by lightning during your lifetime. Lightning can strike twice or more in the same spot. The Empire State Building in New Yorkis struck by lightning about two dozen times annually.You can measure how far you are from a lightning strikeby counting the seconds between viewing the flash and hearing the bang， and then dividing by five. This approximates the mileage.1. Paragraphs 2 and 32. Paragraph 43. Paragraph 54. Paragraph 6A Cloud-to-ground lightning occurring in the U.S.B Types of lightningC Cause of lightningD Differences between thunder and thunderstormE Frequencies of thunderstorms occurring in the world and the U.S.F Shock waves as thunder5. In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightning， the ground s surface …6. One form of lightning that … is ball lightning …7. Cloud lightning looks like a ribbon when its lighting channel …8. Although not fully understanding processes of lightning，man …A occurs most infrequently.B is shifted sideways by strong winds.C is often hidden from our view.D is equipped with a good knowledge of various forms of lightning .E is estimated at 20 millions a year.F is positively charged.KEYS： CBFE FABD。

2020职称英语综合类概括大意练习题与答案(5)Recreation and Sports"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" is a popular saying in the United States. Other countries have similar sayings. It is true that all of us need recreation. We cannot work all the time if we are going to maintain good health and enjoy life. Good physical and mental health in fact enables us to work more efficiently.Everyone has his own way of relaxing .Perhaps the most popular way is to participate in sports. There are team sports, such as baseball, basketball, and football. There are individual sports, also, such as golf and swimming. In addition, hiking, fishing, siding and mountain climbing have a great attraction for people who like to be outdoors. Chess, card-playing , and dancing are forms of indoor recreation enjoyed by many people.Not everyone who enjoys sporting events likes to participate in them. Many people prefer to be spectators, either by attending the games in person, watching them on television, or listening to them on the radio. When there is an important baseball game or boxing match, it is almost impossible to get tickets; everyone wants to attend.It doesn t matter whether we play a fast game of ping-pong, concentrate over the bridge table, or go walking through the woods on a brisk autumn afternoon. It is important for everyone to relax from time to time and enjoy some form of recreation.练习：1． Paragraph 2____________. 加入收藏2． Paragraph3____________.3． Paragraph4____________.A) The important of having recreationB) The recreation centersC) Type of sportsD) Fun of being spectators4． To keep fit and enjoy life , all of us musthave____________.5． Participating in door sports or outdoor sports is a good way___________.6． Many people prefer watching games to__________.7． It is generally believed that those who work all the time and do not know how to relax_______.A) must be very boringB) some kind of recreatiC) participating in themD) to relax oneselfE) to choose one s own way of relaxingKeys： CDABDCA。

2020职称英语《综合类》概括大意与完成句子练习题42020职称英语《综合类》概括大意与完成句子训练4阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后的练习分两部分，第一部分要求从所给的选项里选出所标段落的段落标题；第二部分要求根据文章的内容用所给的选项来完成句子。

EarthquakeEvery year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vest amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.There are about a million quakes a year.Fortunately,however,not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the RichterScale,which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number ofreasons,two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth s crust and continental drift.In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes,scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record,for example,shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time,location and size of an earthquake.Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals,the changes in the content of mineral water,etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.EXERCISE：1、Paragraph 2_____.2、Paragraph 3_____.3、Paragraph 4_____.4、Paragraph 5_____.A.Earthquakes forecastB.Historical records of earthquakesC.Intensities of earthquakesD.Cause of earthquakesE.Indications of earthquakesF.Damaging earthquakes5、Not all damage during an earthquake is caused ____.6、Not all earthquakes are strong enough ___.7、Scientists have been working hard to warn people ___.8、Earthquakes can be predicted by observing ___.A.by the quake itselfB.not be preventedC.to cause damage of property and loss of livesD.of a possible earthquakeE.the unusual behaviors of some animalsF.the strong behaviors of human beingsKEY： C D A E A C D Ethe Alps：阿尔卑斯山landslide：滑坡the Richter Scale：里氏震级The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9.迄今为止记录到的震级为8.9级。

2020职称英语综合类概括大意练习题与答案(2)Car CrimeA million motorists leave their cars filled up withpetrol and with the keys in the ignition every day. The cars are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel. The Automobile Association(A.A) has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes and sometimes longer as drivers buy drinks , sweets, cigarettes and other consumer items .With payment of credit cards becoming more and more common, it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes, providing the car theft with a golden opportunity.For more than ten years there has been a big rise in car crime than in most other types of crime. An average of more than two cars a minute are broken into or stolen in the UK. Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offenses with no siagns that the trend is slowing down.Although there are highly professional criminal involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car theft is committed by the opportunists. Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness. The A.A. recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period. A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.There are many other traps to avoid .The A.A. has fond little awareness among drivers about safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots -just the places thieves love. The A.A. advisesdrives to park in places with people around -thieves don tlike audiences.练习1． Paragraph 2 _________________.2． Paragraph 3 _________________.3． Paragraph 4 _________________.A) Safe parking来源：考试大B) Increase in car theftC) Opportunities for non-professionalsD) Anti-theft organizations4． Most car thefts should be blamed on_______________.5． In the past decade there has been a big _____________.6． Most of the car thefts are found to be committedby_______________.7． A piece of advice for drivers is that they should_______________.A) the carelessness of the driversB) increase in the number of cars stolenC) non-professional thievesD) lack of parking spaceE) lark their cars in safe placeKeys ： B C A A B C E。

2020职称英语真题及答案-综合类A概括大意第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23——30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5 段每段选择1个标题；（2）第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个选项。

Tunguska Event1 A hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped (撕裂) open the day y above a forest in western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day.2 A dazzling light pierced the heavens,followed by a shock wave as strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometers. The fireball was so great that, a day later, Londoners could read their newspapers under the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after the nearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery.3 Experts suspect it was a rock that, after traveling in space for millions of years, was destined to crash to Earthat exactly 7：17 a.m. on June 30, 1908. This possibility worries scienti sts.“Imagine an unspotted asteroid (小行星) hitting a significant chunk(块) of land ... and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, were populated,” the British science journal Nature commented recently.4 But no fragments of the “rock” have ever been found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous NearEarth Objects (NEOs), say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When the next Tunguska NEO approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try to deflect (使偏转) it or blow it up in space.5 However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germany's Bonn University,believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tons of methane(甲烷)-rich gas from deep within earth's crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.23. Paragraph 2 C24. Paragraph 3 F25. Paragraph 4 E26. Paragraph 5 AA. Competing ExplanationsB. Unknown AttacksC. Mysterious ExplosionD. Star WarE. Importance of Finding EvidenceF. Explanation that Worries Scientists27. The gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years ago A28. The shock wave which followed the dazzling light D29. The hypothesis that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth B30. Wolfgang Kundt, who has developed an alternative theory CA. has remained a puzzleB. lacks sufficient evidenceC. is a university professorD. was generated by the explosionE. will kill many animalsF. are attacked by aliens。

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Geology and HealthThe importance of particular metals in the human diet has been realized within the past few decades， and the idea that geology might be related to health has been recognized for a number of elements such as iodine， zinc and selenium. For example， soils with low iodine contents produce crops， and animals deficient in iodine. A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases.The ultimate source of metals within the human body is rocks， which weather into soil， gaining or losing some of their chemical constituents. The crops we eat selectively remove from the soil the elements that they require for growth. The water we drink contains trace elements leached from rock and soil. Thus the geology and geochemistry of the environments have effects on the chemistry and health of plants， animals and people.So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal-rich soils experience a potential health hazard. The levels of metals within naturally contaminated soils are generally not high enough to cause serious health problems. Living on metal-rich soils does not represent ahealth risk unless large quantities of soil are digested or metal-rich dust is inhaled. However， small children are particularly exposed to metal-rich topsoil in playgrounds and gardens. They are also the most likely ones to eat potentially dangerous metal-rich soil.Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning.In contrast， naturally contaminated soils have not been subject to risk assessment studies and rehabilitation measures， despite the fact that they frequently possess metal concentrations well above those of such polluted by humans and above environmental quality criteria.There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long-term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils. Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on thepotential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body. Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution.A. No evidence to indicate bad effects of naturally contaminated soilB. Potential hazards of human contaminated soilsC. Research on channels of heavy metals getting into human food chainD. Geology and health problemsE. Rocks-the ultimate source of soil pollutionF. Long- term helth effects on children1. Paragraph 12. Paragraph 33. Paragraph 44. Paragraph 6A. industrially polluted soilsB. rock and soil chemistryC. naturally polluted soilsD. the pathways of metals into the food chainE. the element of iodineF. the persistence of heavy metals5. Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of ……6. It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on ……7. Geologists are indispensable in the research project on geology and health due to their knowledge on……8. Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to ……练习题二The Open University in Britain1 In 1963 the leader of the Labour Party made a speech explaining plans for a “ university of the air”-an educational system which would make use of television，radio and correspondence courses. Many people laughed at the idea， but it became part of the Labour Party s programme to give educational opportunity to those people who， for one reason or another， had not had a chance to receive further education.2 By 1969 plans were well advanced and by August 1970 the Open University， as it is now called， had received 400，000 applications. Only 25，000 could be aepted for the four “foundation” courses offered： social sciences，arts， science and mathematics. Unsuessful candidates were told to apply again the following year， when a foundation course in technology would also be offered.3 The first teaching programmes appeared on the air and screen in January 1971， with clerks， farm workers，housewives， teachers， policemen and many others as students. Correspondence units had been carefully prepared and science students were given devices for a small home laboratory. Study centers have been set up all over thecountry so that students can attend once a week， and once a year they will spend a week at one of the university s summer schools.。