职称英语综合类概括大意第二篇 The Paper Chas逐句翻译

Unit one peopleReading AIntroduction王后是一个国家的女性统治者，或是一个国王封号最高的妻子。

王后是一位当政国王之妻的合适称谓，而皇太后是前任的王后，她的子女现在统治着国家，当朝女王以她自己的名字统治着国家。

例如，当大英帝国的国王乔治六世于1936年登上王位，他的妻子伊丽莎白成为王后以及他的母亲，皇后玛丽，乔治五世的遗孀成为皇太后。

当乔治六世死后，她的长女作为伊丽莎白二世成为当朝女王。

伊丽莎白二世出生于1926年4月21日，伦敦。

她的生日在英国官方庆祝于每年的六月第三个星期六。

女王伊丽莎白二世是一位“立宪君主”，就是，虽然她官方上是英国最高领导人，但国家实际上是由首相领导的政府统治。

女王住在白金汉宫。

女王伊丽莎白二世在她父亲国王乔治六世死后于1952年2月6日登基称帝。

她的加冕礼紧随其后在1953年6月2日威斯敏斯特教堂举行。

2002年，女王庆祝她的金色庆典（自她登基50年）。

自征服者威廉收复英格兰，女王伊丽莎白二世是第四十个君主。

自1952年，女王授予了超过387,700项荣誉和奖项。

女王私人举办了超过540次授权仪式。

女王讲流利的法语，并且经常使用各种语言为了会见和访问。

她陛下不需要翻译官。

在她当政期间，女王接收了超过三百万的项目和信件。

在她当政过程中，超过1.1百万人参加了白金汉宫的花园派对。

在她当政期间，她陛下给十位英国首相开星期二晚上的例行会议。

他们是：温斯顿·丘吉尔（1951-55），安东尼·艾登爵士（1955-57），哈罗德·艾克米伦（1957-63），亚力克·道格拉斯-霍姆爵士（1963-64），哈罗德·威尔逊（1964-70,1974-76），爱德华·希思（1970-74），詹姆斯·卡拉汉（1976-1979），玛格丽特·撒切尔(1979-90），约翰·梅杰（1990-97），托尼·布莱尔（1997-2007.6),戈登·布朗（2007.7-现在）。

Unit11.London is a very cosmopolitan city伦敦是个非常国际化的大城市。

2. Her mother grew up in the hectic urbon environment.她的母亲是在一种喧嚣的都市环境中长大的。

3 .New York is supposed to be very touristy.纽约被认为是一个充满旅游特色的城市。

4 .The city where I lived a few years ago was dynamic one.我几年前住过的那个城市是一个充满活力的城市。

5. The train was crowded.那班火车非常拥挤。

6. The English often drink tea.英国人经常喝茶。

7 .The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。

8 .Last year, I often went to the library of that university.去年我常去那所大学的图书馆。

9 .He left ten minutes ago.他十分钟前离开了。

10. Where did you go last night.昨晚你去哪里了？11. Who phoned last night?昨晚是谁打的电话？12 .What happened last night?昨晚发生了什么事情？13. What does your brother do?你的哥哥是做什么的?14. Whom is he talking with?他正在与谁说话？15. When did they leave?他们是什么时候离开的？Unit216. Nowadays young people like to surf the net to get all kinds of information.现在的年轻人都喜欢上网冲浪，获取各种信息。

man father dad grandfather grandpa brother男人 爸 口语爸 （外）祖父 [口语]（外）祖父 兄弟 woman mother mom grandmother grandma sister女人 妈 口语妈 （外）祖母 [口语]（外）祖母 姐妹 一个家庭的组合是这样的：Family=Father and Mother I Love You.搏一搏 bo y i bo boy gi 热了 gi r e le girltea cher 老师 茶tea 车che 再结合er 在英语中表示是人 student 蛇s 吐tu 的de nt th is 是这个即thismy 我的 i 和大写I 意思是我 me 我 Me 家族创建于2012年5月1日，创建人林嘉浩,他说，Me 家族不仅仅是一个潮流家族，意思是：我就是我，和你们大家不一样，我永远是原创。

就因这句话。

许多朋友加入此家族。

friend 风f 日ri 相伴 嗯en 得d 开心nice 你ni 测ce 量好 G------------------------------ 手枪G 打两环ood I ’m = I am 我是 isn ’t = is not 不是 Let ’s = Let us 让我们 who ’s = who is 是谁 don ’t = do not 不是 不要morning 早上 摸mo 拐杖r(像拐杖)拎ning 拐杖 meet 遇到 m + eet 联想meat 肉m+ eat 吃 too 也，太与two 2结合起来记忆welcome 用句子来记We ’ll come 我们将来（只是多了’ 和l ） back 可联系ABC 是中国农业银行的缩写加上k 后，b 和a 就可以换回来了即back new 新的与now 现在可以结合起来记忆三个以here 结尾的单词 here 这儿 there 那儿 where 哪儿Where are you from?你来自哪里？ Where are you?你在哪儿？ American [ə'm ɛr ɪk ən]结合音标记USA 也表示美国see 看见 可以联想到 S 蛇睁开眼睛ee 另外 look at have a look 也表示看的意思 again 又，再 双a 护驾让g 又 进来in class 同学们、班级联系 车c he 拉la 两条蛇ss we 我们与me 我可以结合起来记忆 today 今天 to 去 +day 天 Mr (mister 之简称;用于男士的姓,姓名或职务之前)先生 Miss (用于姓名或姓之前, 尤指对未婚女子的称呼) 女士, 小姐 Ms 女士(代替Miss 或Mrs 的字,不指明称呼人的婚姻状况) look out 和 watch out 都有当心、小心、留神的意思sorry 结合英音：['s ɔri]对不起 ant 蚂蚁 aunt 伯母;婶母;姑母;姨母;舅母come in 过来 come on 鼓励用语 excuse me 对不起 here you are 给你 very much 非常，很多的 no problem 没问题 egg 蛋 great 太好了gr + eat 吃 really 真的，确实结合广告中oppo real 手机 real 表示货真价实，真正的 that 那， 那个 th + at 在……里大big[pig 是猪可结合起来记忆]小small[结合广告中的tmall 商城来记] 长long 长[龙long] 短short 高tall 圆roundone two three four five six seven eight nine ten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen 从13到19都以teen 结尾 11 12 13 14 15 2 12 20 都以tw 开头 sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty 7和11很相似，注意区分 16 17 18 19 20drabbit bird deer亲戚亲属家庭成员的英文称呼对于亲属成员的称呼，英、汉两种语言存在很大差异。

GrowingUp1FiftRRearsagoparentsstillaskedboRsiftheRwantedtogrowuptobepresident ,andaskeditnotjokinglRbutseriouslR.ManRparentswhowerehardlRmoretha npaupersstillbelievedtheirsonscoulddoit.AbrahamLincolnhaddoneit.Wewe reonlRsiRtR-fiveRearsfromLincoln.ManRofgrandfatherwhowalkedamon guscouldremeberLincoln.MenofgrandfatherlRageweretheworstforaskingif Rouwantedtogrowuptobepresident.AsurprisingnumberoflittleboRssaidRes andmeantit.五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统，问这话时一本正经，并非开玩笑。

许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。

亚伯拉罕・林肯就做到了。

我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差65年。

依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。

就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。

回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人，而且他们是当真的。

2IwasaskedmanRtimesmRself.No,Ididn’twanttogrowuptobepresident.MR motherwaspresentduringoneoftheseinterrogations.AnelderlRuncle,having posedtheusualquestionandeRposedmRlackofinterestinthepresidencR,aske d,“Well,whatdoRouwanttobewhenRougrowup.我就曾经被问过多次。

【2013职称英语】综合类概括大意与完成句子题目和译文word汇总概括大意与完成句子目录第一篇The Making of a Success Story第二篇The Paper Chase第三篇English and English Community第四篇Alaska第五篇Why Does Food Cost So Much第六篇How We Form First Impression第七篇How to Argue with Your Boss第八篇Earthquake第九篇Transport and Trade第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language .*第十一篇Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing*第十二篇Intelligence: a Changed View+第十三篇Screen Test.+ 第十四篇Heartbeat of America+ 第十五篇Smoke Gets in Your Mind第一篇The Making of a Success Story阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后的练习分两部分,第一部分要求从所给的选项里选出所标段落的段落标题；第二部分要求根据文章的内容用所给的选项来完成句子。

The Making of a Success Story1 IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs . Born in Sweden in 1926 , Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child , he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches ,seeds ,and pencils in his community .When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades .Naturally he used it to start up a business-IKEA.2 IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.)and the place where he grew up (`E` and `A`). Today IKEA is known for its modern , minimalist furniture , but it was not a furniture company in the beginning .Rather, IKEA sold all kind of miscellaneous goods ,Kamprad's ware included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices ,including watches ,pens and stockings .3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The furniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging , so Kamprad expanded the product line . Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.4 In 1953 IKEA opend its first showroom in Almhult ,Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture in attractive settings ,but in the early 1950s ,people ordered from catalogues ,Thus response to thefirst showroom was overwhelming:people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it . This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive .By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture .5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport . Kamprad was inspired .The man had given him a great idea :flat packaging . Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers .IKEA tried it and sales soared . The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves ,but over time ,evem this grew into an advantage for IKEA . Nowadays ,IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency .This image has done wonders for the company ,leading to better sales and continued expansion.6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries .Amazingly ,Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-help company .In 2004 he was named the world's richest man , He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself , though ,just keeps on growing.1. Paragraph 2 ____.2. Paragraph 3 ____.3. Paragraph 4 ____.4. Paragraph 5 ____.A. Ingvar Kamprad – a born businessmanB. Success brought by the introduction of showroomsC. The origin of IKEAD. Specialization in selling furnitureE. Flat packaging – a feature of IKEAF. World-wide expansion of IKEA5. Even when he was only a child, ____.6. ____, and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA‘s showrooms because ____.8. As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, ____.A. IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.B. it is highly welcomed by bothC. Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business.D. he lives happily in retirementE. here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.F. Ingvar successfully manages the company all by himself答案与题解：C第二^介绍了IKEA这个店名的来源以及它刚开始的时候是一家什么样的小杂货店。

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文（2）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。

小编为您整理职称英语教材中，补全短文部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。

Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.(1) They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. ⑵Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. (3)Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement.(4)(5) Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.注释：concerned:作定语时常常放在所修饰的词或短语的后面，表示“有关的”。

第一篇：More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up1 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.23 These findings, which Dr Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine3, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night He added that “it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep — for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to- day functioning5.6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed “It stands to reason6 that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake,” he said.词汇：refresh / r?’fre?/ v.(使)精力恢复questionnaire / ,kwest??’ne?(r)/ n.问卷psychosomatic / ,sa?k??s?’m?t?k / adj.(指疾病)由精神压力引起的fatigue / f?’ti:g / n.疲劳caution / ’k?:??n/ v.警告insomnia / ?n’s?mn??/ n.失眠habitually / h?’b?tj??l?, - t??-/ adv.习惯地注释：1.clock up：时间达到2.they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers：falling和feeling都是说明trouble的。

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材概况大意文章及译文（3）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。

小编为您整理职称英语教材中，概括大意部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。

English and English Community1 There is no denying that1 English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity2 to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the conimunity share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in aneighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience3, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.4 English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.4 English has been adoptedas the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.5 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture;5 a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of theentire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.注释：1.There is no denying that…：毫无疑问……2.uniformity：一致性。

高二英语文科必学的知识点概括1paper复数：papers。

paper，作名词时意思是“纸;论文;文件;报纸”，作及物动词时意思是“用纸糊;用纸包装”，作不及物动词时意思是“贴糊墙纸;发交通违章传票”，作形容词时意思是“纸做的”。

papers基本含义n.纸;纸张;报纸;文件;文献;v.贴壁纸;paper的第三人称单数和复数;I had papers relating to the children which my wife and I had to sign.我有一些关于孩子的文件需要我和妻子签字。

原型：paperpaper基本含义n.纸;纸张;报纸;文件;文献;v.贴壁纸;He wrote his name down on a piece of paper for me.他把他的名字写在一张纸上交给我。

第三人称单数：papers复数：papers现在分词：papering过去式：papered过去分词：papered高二英语文科必学的知识点概括2一、引导主语从句的连词主要有：从属连词：that whether连接代词：who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever连接副词：when where how why二、用法主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较①主语从句常用it作形式主语，一般常用句型为：It is+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句例如：It is still a question whether she will come or not.It is strange that you should like him.It is still unknown which team will win the match.另外，还有一些比较多见的结构：It turned out that……;It has been proved that……;It happened/occurred that……;It is well-known that……等等②而强调句则不同，它的结构是：It+be+被强调部分+that+从句强调主语：It is the times that produce their heroes.时势造英雄强调宾语：It is English that Prof.Lin teaches us.强调状语：It was in shanghai that I saw the film.判断是否是强调句有一个方法，就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看，看有没有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分，带到你认为缺成分的地方，如果放进去是一句完整的句子了，那就说明是强调句。