职称英语综合类概括大意第4篇Alaska逐句翻译

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文（4）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。

小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读理解部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。

Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.Travelling at speed has always been dangerous. One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don’t miss important road signs or fall asleep. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology "sees through" big vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don’t want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyons’s personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that won’t be soon.1.To reduce car crash rate,many scientists are working hard toA.design fully automatic cars.B.develop faster electric vehicles.C.analyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year.D.improve the safety of cars and develop new fuels.2.According to the second paragraph,most road accidents happen due toA.heavy traffic.B.human mistakes.C.engine failure.D.bad weather.3.Which of the following safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.B.Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.C.Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.D.Improvements in seat belts,pedal controls and tyres.4.Satellite tracking and remote communication systems cna be used toA.reduce oil consumption.B.remove the obstacles on the road.C.call for help when one’s car crashes.D.help drivers get out of a traffic jam.5.Which of the following statements is true of robotic drivers?A.It will take some time before robotic drivers are available.B.Robotic drivers are not allowed to driveon busy roads.C.Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.D.Robotic drivers are too expensive to use.答案与题解：1.C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通死亡事故，加上5000万起伤残事故，因此正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。

The Making of a Success Story发迹史IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs .宜家（IKEA)是世界上最大的家具零售商。

它的幕后经营者是Ingvar Kampmd,可谓世界上最成功的企业家之一。

Born in Sweden in 1926 , Kamprad was a natural businessman. Kampmd 1926年生于瑞典，天生就有做商人的资质。

As a child , he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches ,seeds ,and pencils in his community .还是个孩子时，他就喜好卖东西，并在社区中通过售卖火柴、种子和铅笔赚了些小钱。

When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades .Kampmd 17岁时，他父亲给了他一些钱作为考试成绩优秀的奖励。

Naturally he used it to start up a business-IKEA.当然了，他用这笔钱做了生意，成立了宜家。

IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.)and the place where he grew up (`E` and `A`). 宜家这个名字取自Kampmd全名的首字母（I.K.)和他成长地名称的缩写（"E" "A"）。

第三部分概括大意与完成句子第一篇：美国签订了全球烟草协议美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步。

该协议有望在世界范围内控制使用烟草所产生的致命性影响。

卫生和人类服务大臣托米?汤普森本周在联合国签署了烟草控制框架性协议（FCTC)。

在美国能够实施其条款之前参议院还必须要批准这个协议。

FCTC是由世界卫生组织制定的，并且是由世界卫生大会的成员们去年批准的，其中包括美国。

批准该协议的国家将被要求制定严格的烟草控制政策。

例如，在那些国家出售的香烟将必须在每包烟的正反面至少30%的地方注明吸烟有害健康的警告。

这个协议呼吁对烟草收取更多的税，限制在公共场所吸烟和进一步推动禁止烟草的计划。

它还要求禁止烟草广告，但是对像美国这样的国家有例外，这些国家的宪法禁止这么率的禁令。

这个协议的影响可能是巨大的。

世界卫生组织估计世界上每年有500万人因为吸烟而死亡。

仅在美国，每年大约有44万人死于与烟草相关的疾病；美国所有的癌症中约有1/3是因为吸烟导致的。

如果目前的趋势持续的话，世界卫生组织估计，到2025年烟草将每年夺取一千万人的生命。

这个协议至少被40个国家批准才能生效。

到目前为止，109个国家已经签订了这个协议，12个国家已经批准了它。

第二篇午睡可以使心脏更健康吗？研究人员声称他们开发出了一种简单的测试，它可以判断一个心脏病患者发病的可能性。

这种测试就是测量一种特定的蛋白质在血液中的含量。

研究人员指出，血液中含有大量这种蛋白质的人是心脏病发作、心力衰竭、中风的高危人群。

领导这个课题研究小组的是来自加州大学旧金山分校的Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo。

在大约四年间，他们研究了约1000个心脏病患者。

研究人员测试心脏病患者体内一种叫做NT-proBNP(N端—脑型利钠肽原)的蛋白质的含量。

体内该蛋白质含量最高的患者与水平最低的患者相比，心脏病发作、心力囊竭、中风的可能性相差近八倍。

研究人员指出，血液中出现这种蛋白质表明心肌在某种程度上受到了压迫。

参考译文应对非法、不受管制和不作报告的捕捞(非法捕捞)的贸易措施1. 贸易措施正越来越多地被用来打击非法，未报告和无管制的捕捞（非法捕捞）。

这些措施的目的是防止非法捕捞所得的鱼和鱼产品进入国际市场。

日益严格的与贸易有关的措施往往伴随着重大的挑战，特别是对于发展中国家那些来自于小规模渔业的鱼和鱼产品。

无论发展中国家所提供的产品是否合法，由于缺乏资源和基础设施，他们往往不能参与到鱼和鱼产品的国际贸易中。

换句话说，合法来源的鱼和鱼产品也有可能被排除在国际贸易之外，因为他们不能实施与贸易措施相关的行政要求。

这也可能会为进口国的渔业加工部门带来问题，因为这些渔业加工部门依赖从发展中国家进口原材料来供应生产。

2. 非法捕捞已经成为一个全球性问题，并且发生在几乎所有范围内的捕捞渔业中，包括国家管辖海域到公海。

人们日益认识到，非法捕捞破坏一个国家和国际渔业养护和管理，甚至将导致资源枯竭，转而使得渔业部门不能满足这个国家以及全球经济的、社会的和环境的目标而且也会威胁到依靠捕鱼为生的人的生计。

最近的一项研究估计每年非法捕捞的成本约为100亿到235亿美元。

3. 针对非法捕捞的贸易措施会对源自非法捕捞的产品采取行动，会禁止从破坏渔业养护和管理的国家进口产品，会禁止缺乏所需合法文件的船只运货。

大约百分之三十七的全球渔业产量会进入国际贸易的流通，因此必须要执行国际法规或措施来确保国际贸易中所流通的鱼不是来自非法捕捞。

4. 应对非法捕捞的贸易措施主要是通过区域渔业管理组织（RFMOs）来执行。

可喜的是，应对非法捕捞的贸易措施已经在国家层面上开始执行由，比如说智利，美国和欧盟。

5. 智利2009年12月，智利对进口的水生物种或副产品引入新要求。

进口产品必须能提供证书来证明产品的合法来源以及证明被捕获的进口物种符合原产国的国家和国际条例。

对于渔业产品而言，用于生产的水生物种或原材料也必须依照上述规定。

6. 美国2007年1月以来，美国发布一份两年期报告来通报拥有从事非法捕捞的船只的国家。

2014 年职称英语综合类阅读理解50 篇第一篇Telling Tales about People1、This passage …about_ the … and biographies.2、Helen Keller wrote_ an autobiography. _______.3、Auto… because they__ want to … light ______.4、The writer … passage by__ defining it ______.5、Diverse means_ varied or different第二篇Outside -the-classroom Learning Makesa Big Difference1、An…student leaders Will not … in it.2、American…mostly for Building friendship.3、Who is Katie Rowley? She's a senior student.4、What…successful end? Passion.5、The…replaced by Polish.第三篇Shark Attack!1、After …, the shark_ swam away _.2、It…great whites often…escape _3、Which …of paragraph 4? are.4、The word … 4 means_ great whites'_5、What is … paragraph? We now… animals.第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving1、On Halloween, children…as Ghosts.2、When are…eaten? On Thanksgiving.3、Thanksgiving is…for Providing them … lives.4、Many children …because_They can …food.5、The first … in 1620.第五篇The Travels of Ibn Battuta1、What is…about? The adventures…Battuta.2、Which of …line 5? left to go to.3、The Sultan …because Ibn Battuta…Mecca.4、Which of …with? Ibn Battuta…today.5、Why did …home? The Sultan…return.第六篇TV Shows and Long Bus Trips1、According to…trip? Ad..ts on the board.2、What is…passage? To talk …shows.3、The writer…favor no billboards…road.4、The writer…because they both …between.5、The writer… are exciting.第七篇Modern Sun Worshippers1、The writer …that they wish…home.2、In paragraph 2, …climate. to show…terms3、According to…others? Spain.4、The latter…means every year ...country.5、According to…beaches? Rainy weather.第八篇The Changing Middle Class1、The information …with a social …group2、A common…that_ the family is very important3、In the…as_prosperous and optimistic4、The phrase…is_a restatement…idea5、The word collectively means_ as a group第九篇Single-parent Kids Do Best1、With which…agree? Two-parent…children.2、According to…offspring? The young…care.3、What is …paragraph 5? Experiment and result.4、According to…conflict? The …body size.5、According to…by ecological factors.第十篇A Letter from Alan1、Why has…letter? To inform …plans.2、Why is …opinion? Because it …nature.3、What will…jams? A building …Place.4、Alan says…soon have less money5、Which of …made? Say no…place第十一篇The Development of Ballet1、This passage …with the way ballet developed。

When Our Words Collide"Wanna buy a body?"That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S.News.Like many in the mainstream press,I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them",who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana,and"us",the serious news people. But after16years in that role,I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.“想买尸体的照片吗？”自从我当上《美国新闻》的图片编辑之后，我接到的自由摄影师打来的电话很多都是以这么一句开场的。

跟很多主流媒体一样，我想把这些买卖尸体照片或者整天跟着像戴安娜王妃这样的名人后面追拍的摄影师，归到“那些人”里面，而我们“这些人”自然是严肃的新闻人。

但是在这个位置上做了16年以后，我开始怀疑这两个世界是不是真的能轻易区分开。

Working in the reputable world of journalism,I toldphotographers to cover other people's difficult life situations.I justified marching into moments of sadness,under the appearance of the reader's right to know.I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines.And I wasn't alone.既然在新闻界这种声誉卓著的行业工作，我就要求摄影师们去采访其他人艰难的生活状况。

2014年职称英语（综合类）A级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A．pointB．tendencyC．resultD．finding正确答案：B解析：本句意思：曾经有一种倾向认为地理是一门次要的学科。

inclination 意思为“倾向，趋势”，与tendency(趋势，倾向)意思相近。

point论点，观点，要点；resulf后果，结果；finding调查发现，调查结果。

2．New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A．amazingB．depressingC．predictableD．dull正确答案：D解析：本句意思：秘书不停地更换，令人厌烦。

monotonous意思为“单调乏味的”，与dull(枯燥无味的，令人生厌的)意思相近。

amazing令人惊奇的；depressing令人沮丧的；predictable可预见的。

3．The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A．furnishB．copyC．publishD．summarize正确答案：A解析：本句意思：委员会要提交一份有关住房情况的报告。

render意思为“递交，提交”，与furnish(提供)意思相近。

copy复制，复印；publish出版，发行；summarize总结，概括。

4．The group does not advocate the use of violence.B．regulateC．opposeD．support正确答案：D解析：本句意思：该团体不支持使用暴力。

2020年职称英语考试综合b概括大意与完成句子练习题（4）AlaskaIn 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state,symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867,when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then,most Americans had little interest in 1，500，000 square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bear”-beyond Canada s western borders,far from the settled areas of the United States.In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle,Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth,which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters,From early May until early August,the midnight sun never sets on this flat,treeless region,but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.Alaska is America s largest state,but only about 325，000 people live there. According to estimates,800，000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640，000 hectares are being cultivated.Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia,probably crossing Bering Strait,named for Vitus Bering,the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state s earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders establishedsettlements but,by the time Alaska was sold to the United States,most of the traders had departed.In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike； some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again,although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U.S mainland,and within thestate,every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers,mail and freight to the most distant villages.The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended,and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature,the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams,and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing,the state s chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years,Alaska s single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal,copper,gold and other minerals.词汇：symbolize 象征 fur-bearing 有毛皮的peninsular 半岛 lumber 伐木，木材hectares 公顷 pulp 木浆range （在一定范围内）变化，变动注释：1.In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state. 1959 年美国人欢迎阿拉斯加成为美国的第49个州。

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文（4）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。

小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读判断部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。

TV Game ShowsOne of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the "best seller" lists with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well-known overnight.This is the principle behind "quiz" or "game" shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars in the U.S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the show's producers who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. The result of this cheating was a huge scandal. Based on his story, a movie under the title "Quiz Show" is on 40 years later.Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliation them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.注释：1. the size of the audience：观众的数目、规模。

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材概况大意文章及译文（3）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。

小编为您整理职称英语教材中，概括大意部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。

English and English Community1 There is no denying that1 English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity2 to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the conimunity share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in aneighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience3, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.4 English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.4 English has been adoptedas the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.5 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture;5 a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of theentire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.注释：1.There is no denying that…：毫无疑问……2.uniformity：一致性。

Theories of Accident Causation in the Workplace工伤事故因果关系论A Herbert Heinrich,a pioneer in workplace safety philosophy, originally suggested that workplace accidents followed a sequence of five contributing causes,and he used the image of a set of dominos to illustrate the cause and effect chain reaction that was central to his theory.Heinrich maintained that eliminating one contributing cause,like taking away one domino from the row,would prevent the chain from collapsing.赫伯特.海因里希是工业安全学的先驱。

他率先认为工伤事故是紧随五大原因序链之后发生的，并通过一组骨牌模型阐释了这种因果连锁反应。

该反应是他理论的核心。

海因里希表示，剔除其中任何一个因素，比如说从排列中抽掉一张骨牌，都能防止整个骨牌列倒塌。

B His original theory was published in1931and has since been updated and modified.In the original theory,which was later extended,the end result,or final domino in the series,was injury or damage.He stated that the immediate cause of this was an accident in the workplace.As would be expected from the1930s worldview,Heinrich was inclined to place the blame for accidents fairly and squarely on the shoulders of the workers.A workplace accident,in his theory,was immediately attributable to unsafe acts.Although he did acknowledge that these unsafe acts might take place in a hazardous situation,he stated that these situations were generally created by,and the responsibility of,the workers.He labelled this factor as'fault of person'.Heinrich suggested that'fault of person'had its roots in the workers'ancestry,or genetic factors, combined with the social environment they lived or worked in.他最初的理论于1931年出版，之后不断得以补充和修改。

第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

The Storyteller1.Steven Spielberg has always had one goal:to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen.And that’s what he has always been about.The son of a computer scientist and a pianist,Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and,later,Arizona.From the very beginning,his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking.2.Even decades later,Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years,which are the origins of some of his biggest hits.He believes that E.T.is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parent’s1966divorce,“It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life.”“He was scared of just about everything,”recalls his mother,Leah Adler.“When trees brushed againstthe house,he would head into my bed.And that’s just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.”3.Spielberg was11when he first got his hands on his dad’s movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World WarΙΙbattles.Spielberg’s talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends.On Boy Scout camping trips,when night fell,Spielberg became the center of attention.“Steven would start telling his ghost stories,”says Richard Y.Hoffman Jr.,leader of Troop294,“and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it.”4.Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there,but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated.Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him,so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood.Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid,non-credit internship（实习）in Hollywood.Soon he was given a contract,and he dropped out of college.He never looked back.5.Now,many years later,Spielberg is still tellingstories with as much passion as the kid in the tent.Ask him where he gets his ideas,Spielberg shrugs.“The process for me is mostly intuitive(凭直觉的),”he says.“There are films that I feel I need to make,for a variety of reasons,for personal reasons,for reasons that I want to have fun,that the subject matter is cool,that I think my kids will like it.And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money,like the sequel(续集)to Jurassic Park.”23.Paragraph1___F___24.Paragraph2____A_____25.Paragraph3____E_____26.Paragraph4____D_____A.Inspirations for his moviesB.The trouble of making moviesC.A funny manD.Getting into the movie businessE.Telling stories to make friendsF.An aim of life27.Some of Spielberg’s most successful movies came from ____E___28.When Spielberg was a boy,he used to be scared of ____A_____29.Spielberg is very good at_____B____30.Spielberg says he makes movies for____C____A.almost everythingB.telling scary storiesC.a number of reasonsD.making children laughE.his childhood memoriesF.a lot of money。

第一单元课文A 如何准备考试每个学生都想在考试中取得好成绩。

下面是成功的学生为此提出的建议。

整个学期从上课第一天起，就要听老师讲关于什么是重点的提示。

比如，老师会通过重复或告诉你重点来强调重要信息。

当你复习课文和笔记时，你应该知道什么是重点。

每上完一次课，你要复习笔记。

上课前准备好提问你不懂的问题。

如何准备论文考试。

为论文考试做准备的学生能应对各种考试。

论文考试要比多项选择题，判断题或简答题等考试试题要求学生了解更多信息。

为论文考试做准备时，在开始做笔记之前，一定要阅读两遍材料。

当你读第一遍材料时，它好像很难。

当你读第二遍材料时，它看起来就熟悉多了。

这如同你第一次必须找到去朋友家的路。

当你第二次去朋友家时，因为你知道路，就会变得很容易；而且距离甚至好像也缩短了，因为你不必总是停下来核对街道名称或者地标。

这如同你阅读的材料，当你第二次阅读时，你就会熟悉那些词和思想。

阅读两遍后你再做笔记。

这时，你会发现你熟知了一些材料并能关注什么是重点，在你的笔记上写下重要信息。

做完笔记后，再回到材料上，把你的观点注在上面。

当人们对某件事情有自己的观点时，他们能更好的记住那个信息。

写下你自己的考试题，然后回答。

假设你就是老师，你想让学生掌握什么呢？和朋友一起学习。

和同学们一起学习有很多方式。

比如，你和你的朋友可花10分钟时间写出问题然后互相交换，回答问题。

你和你朋友问的是相同的问题吗?如果你们写下了相同的问题，也许老师也会问相同的问题。

组成学习小组。

和朋友学习后，你将对学习小组做出很多贡献；同时你也会从他们那学到很多东西。

比如，你会看到你以前学习时漏掉的一些要点。

和别人讨论学习材料会帮助你更好的记住它们。

考前准备想一想自己的优势和考试的积极意义。

比如告诉你自己你会尽力。

告诉你自己答题前你会看所有的试题。

你还要提醒自己先做会做的题，然后做其他试题。

考前要有足够睡眠。

一些学生会做噩梦梦见没能赶上考试因为闹钟没响或者太困了没能起床。

AlaskaIn 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state，symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867，when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then，most Americans had little interest in 1，500，000 square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bear”-beyond Canada s western borders，far from the settled areas of the United States.In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle，Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth，which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters，From early May until early August，the midnight sun never sets on this flat，treeless region，but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.Alaska is America s largest state，but only about 325，000 people live there. According to estimates，800，000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640，000 hectares are being cultivated.Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia，probably crossing Bering Strait，named for Vitus Bering，the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the state s earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but，by the time Alaska was sold to the United States，most of the traders had departed.In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike；some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again，although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U.S mainland，and within the state，every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers，mail and freight to the most distant villages.The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended，and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature，the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams，and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing，the state s chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years，Alaska s single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal，copper，gold and other minerals.1. Paragraph 3________ A）Rich resources of the state2. Paragraph 4_________ B）Connections with the outside world3. Paragraph 5_________ C）Transportation problem E）Cold climate4. Paragraph 6_________ D）The natives of the land F）Land and population5. For as long as three months of a year，the sun ________ on the ice-covered land of Alaska.6. According to statistics，_________ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.7. Alaska was originally part of Russia，but was bought _______.8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth__________A. as fish doesB. because of its rich natural resourcesC. by the United States in the 19th centuryD. shines day and nightE. only a very small percentageF. a limited amount of the gold found there.词汇：symbolize /'simtolaiz/ v.象征fur-bearing /fai'besnq/ adj.有毛皮的peninsular /pe'ninsjub/ n.半岛lumber "lAmb^r) / 伐木，木材hectare /'hektaiCr)/ n.公顷pulp /pAlp/ n.木衆range /reind。

34谁想永生？Who Want to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own."Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is 'What will we get as a society? 'I suspect it won't be a better society."It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are lessenthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. " If this could ever happen，then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get，" says Daniel Callahan. "We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out." 词汇:mice / mais / n. 老鼠(复数)sibling / 'sibli? / n. 兄弟姐妹bioethicist // n. 生物伦理学家注释:1. brothers and sisters born 50 years apart 出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹2. We had better not go anywhere near it 我们最好离它远点，这里的it指代前面讲的anti-ageing technology.练习:1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?A． Spending more time with his family.B． Having more education.C． Realizing more dreams.D． Working longer.2. Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?A Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.B More and more people in the US today want to get married.C Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.D If people live longer ，they would stay in marriage longer.3. All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPTA Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.B More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.C The job market would be more competitive.D It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.4. An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that A． it places more emphasis on educating the young.B． it is both wise and energetic.C． it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.D． it welcomes changes.5. Which of the following best describes Callahan 's attitude to anti-ageing technology ?A． Optimistic.B． Pessimistic.C． Reserved.D． Negative.答案与题解：1. B 长寿使个人能做的事主要在第三、四段里讲到，作者没有提到长寿可以让人更多地接受教育。

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材概况大意文章及译文（7）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。

小编为您整理职称英语教材中，概括大意部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。

How to Argue with Your Boss1 Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss's secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast1, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the boss's secretary, there are keys to timing2: don't approach the boss when he's on deadline3; don't go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed4; don't go in just before or after he has taken a vacation.2 If you're mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And don't let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration5. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then, maybe he will dismiss you.3 Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it6.4 Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more7. If you can't put forward an immnediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they can't get past the secretary8.5 To deal effectively with a boss, it's important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work with you to achieve your goals9.词汇：mood 心情 apt 易于……的，有……倾向的concern 所关注的事情 negatively 负面地dismiss 解雇 dispute 争论issue 所争论的事情，争论的焦点 solution /解决办法inclined 倾向于……的，有……意向的注释：1. …ate nails for breakfast: ……早饭吃了钉子。

职称英语考题综合类（C级）真题和答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.His shoes wereshinedto perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. Mended2.She can berelied oninA. looked afterC. turned onB.believedinD.depended on3.Marshaconfessedthat she knew nothing of computer.A. admittedB. reportedC. hopedD. answered4.The test produceddisappointingresults.A. unsatisfactoryB. indirectC. similarD. positive5.My doctor said I shouldvarymy diet moreA, change B. prepareC. cookD. choose6.Greene spent abrieftime atCambridge.A. hard C. shortB. good D. long7. The book took ten years ofthoroughresearchA. basicB. careful.C, social D. major8. The high-speed trains can have a majorimpacton our lives.A. efforB. problemC. influenceD. Concern9.Eventually, she got a job and moved toLondonA. CertainlyB. LuckilyC. NaturallyD. Finally10.The love of money is therootof’all evilA. resultB. endC. causeD. Force11.Weexploredthe possibility of expansion at the conferenceA. offeredB. investigatedC. includedD. accepted.12. His long-termgoalis to set up his own business.A. ideaB. energyC. aimD. Order13.A number of theor.ies have beenproposedto explain the situationA. suggestedB. testedC. usedD. announced14.Theyconvertedthe spare bedroom into an office.A．reduced B. turnedC．moved D. reformed15.Things have changeda lot since I was a childA. graduatlyB. suddenlyC. frequentlyD. greatly第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2014职称英语-阅读理解含译1. A Sun shade for the Planet地球防晒霜Even with the best will in t, he world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming.It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions,the uncertainties in Our climate modelsstill leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. Atthe same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.就算怀着最美好的愿望，仅仅减少⼆氧化碳的排放量还是不能制⽌全球变暖。

很明显，即便采取最强硬的措施来控制排放，⽓候的变化⽆常仍能导致极速变暖和海平⾯上升。

另⼀⽅⾯，受到政府和特殊利益群体的阻挠，⽓候学家往往不能将措施很快实施彻底。

Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worst, scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing theseoptionsforfearofinvitingasenseofcomplacencythatmightthwart effortstotackletherootoftheproblem.Untilnow,thatis.Agrowingnumber of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale "geoengineering" projects that might be used to counteract global warming. "I use the analogy of methadone,"saysStephenSchneider,aclimateresearcheratStanfordUniversity inCaliforniawhowasamongthefirsttodrawattentiontoglobalwarming."If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment is hospitalization, and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin."幸好，如果被逼上绝路，科学家们还有最后⼏招。

第三十一篇Hurricane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风）飓风是一种猛烈、强力、螺旋形式的热带风暴。

直径可达124到1240英里。

飓风（hurricane）一词是由Hurican一词衍生而来，指印第安人风暴之神的名字。

飓风的特征是其中心的无风区域，那里的气压低，直径在12到60英里之间，被称做风眼。

它们在热带区域出现。

在飓风肆虐的整个过程中，有一种飓风可释放相当于1万颗核弹的能量。

飓风形成的原因是由于雷暴聚集在温暖的热带水面之上。

只有当海平面的温度超过27摄氏度并且周围的空气稳定时，飓风才能形成，壮大。

在六月到十一月之间的北半球这些条件可被达到。

在这种情况下，大量的水蒸气凝结成云和雨，并在此过程中释放热量。

正是这些热能，加上地球的自转驱动着飓风。

当海平面的柱状暖气流首次开始上升时，它会引起一片低气压区。

而这连带地形成了风，因为空气被吸引流动进这一低气压区域。

这一旋转运动的风带起了海面上更多的充满水汽的空气。

这一过程增大了暴风的威力。

冷空气通过暴风中心降回海面，落到暴风外围。

一开始，当风速达到每小时23英里时，这些温和、潮湿灰色的气候系统被称做低气压区。

2005年的8月23日，卡特里娜飓风以这种方式在巴哈马群岛东南形成。

卡特里娜飓风对美国的墨西哥湾沿岸造成了毁灭性打击。

其后留下了面积为9万平方英里的受灾区域——几乎和英国的面积一样大。

数以千计的人因此伤亡。

五十多万人被迫离开家园，如此大规模的人道主义危机是美国自大萧条以来还未经历过的。

此次飓风造成的破坏可能超过l千亿美元。

1 飓风眼是指？C 中心的无风区域的气压低，直径在12到60英里之间2 下面第二段，飓风形成的要求不包括？A 热带水域的水温较暖，水面平静3 第三段，单词drive的最好解释是？C 提供动力，并促使形成4 第四段当暖空气从海平面上升时，B 它形成了低气压5 关于卡特里娜飓风，不正确的一项是？D 造成的人道主义危机如经济大萧条一样严重第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine（读心机）一个加州的研究团队开发了一种可以通过扫描人体大脑所发生的变化从而预测出这个人正在看一些什么样的物体的方法。