Thomas_Gray-Ode On The Death Of A Favorite Cat

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关于死亡的诗歌,Thomas Gray,Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by 澄_LOST_!

[订阅] 关于死亡的诗歌，Thomas Gray，Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by 澄·LOST?!写评论名字 ( 必填 )Email ( 选填,不会在页面中显示 )主页 ( 选填 ) 记住我的信息如何插图、加链接??发?布取消首页爱米胖美食小游戏 | 我 | 朋友群组乱翻帮助注册 | 登录全部LIVE YOUR LIFE尽日灵风不满旗日志 | 照片 | 朋友 | 更多▼回澄·LOST?!的空间首页关于死亡的诗歌，Thomas Gray，Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard写于2008-11-18 12:57:31 1条评论今天早上难得的早起，赶上了久违的英国文学，今天刚好上的是Thomas Gray的 Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ，128行的长诗。

读着读着突然想起海明威的《For whom the bell tolls》，丧钟为谁而鸣？记得上学期20世纪美国文学的老师说，她最喜欢的就是《丧》的开篇，海明威引用了约翰·邓恩一段著名的布道辞：No Man Is an Island 没有人是座孤岛No man is an island, 没有人是座孤岛，entire of itself 独自一人，Every man is a piece of the continent 每个人都是一座大陆的一片，A part of the main 是大地的一部分。

If a clod be washed away by the sea, 如果一小块泥土被海水卷走，Europe is the less 欧洲就少一点，As well as if a promontory were 如同一座海岬少了些一样；As well as if a manor of thy friendOr of thine own,wereAny man's death diminishes me 任何人的死亡都是对我的缩小，Because I am involved in mankind 因为我处于人类之中，And,therefore,never send to know 因此不必去知道丧钟为谁而鸣，For whom the bell tolls:It tolls for thee. 它就为你而鸣！！Mainly by John Donne（1572－1631）翻译：当时我读的那个荡气回肠啊，立马就背下来了，可是一个假期以后就忘光光了，直到今天看到Elegy的时候才恍然想起，没人是一座孤岛。

chapter 3.2Chapter 3The Neoclassical Period

Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
• In 1746, a group of publishers approached Johnson about creating an authoritative dictionary of the English language. Johnson’s dictionary was not the first, nor was it unique. It was, however, the most commonly used and imitated for the 150 years between its first publication and the completion of the Oxford English Dictionary. • In 1762, the government gave him a special pension which freed him from the burden of “writing for a living”. • He was buried on 20 December 1784 at Westminster Abbey.
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
Life: • Born on 18 September 1709 to Michael Johnson, a bookseller, Johnson often claimed that he grew up in poverty. • At the age of 16, Johnson was given the opportunity to stay with his cousins at Pedmore, Worcestershire. • Having spent six months with his cousins, Johnson returned to Lichfield, but the headmaster refused to allow him to continue at the grammar school. • Johnson was enrolled into the King Edward VI grammar school at Stourbridge.

Thomas-Hardy介绍

Many of Hardy's books and letters were burnt
A Poet & A Novelist
He wrote much poetry in the last thirty years of his life and remains a highly regarded poet and novelist.
Poet’s Corner
Novels
➢ He himself grouped his novels into three series: ➢ romances and fantasies “传奇和幻想作品”（罗曼史） ➢ novels of ingenuity “机巧和试验小说”（爱情阴谋故事） ➢ novels of character and environment. “性格和环境小说”
Wessex
Wessex Works
❖ Wessex novels: novels describing the characters and environment of his native countryside.
❖ Their setting is the agricultural region of the southern counties of England. He truthfully depicts the poverty and decay of small farmers who become hired field hands and roam of the traditional mode of life in rural England.
➢After Jude the Obscure, Hardy never wrote another novel.

Thomas Gray托马斯

Life and Education
• Born in Cornhill, London, the son of an exchange broker and a milliner女
帽制造商 .
• He lived with his mother after she left his abusive father. • He was educated at Eton College . where he met his three good friends(Horace Walpole, Thomas Ashton, and Richard West. )
• Mood
• Melanchf the poem
• Churchyard at Stoke Poges in Buckinghamshire,England.Gray was burried in that churchyard
• The curfew（晚钟） tolls the knell of parting day; The lowing herd wind slowly o‘er the lea;（草地） The ploughman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me.
• The style
• Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is written in heroic quatrain.（四行诗）A quatrain is a four-line stanza(诗的一节）, heroic quatrains rhyme in an A-B-AB pattern and are written in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格）

墓园挽歌英美诗歌欣赏

墓园挽歌英美诗歌欣赏Thomas Gray Thomas Gray was born in London into a broker’s family. He got very good school education, first at Eton and then at Cambridge. He left Cambridge without taking a degree.Thomas Gray was one of the most important poets of the eighteenth century. This scholar and poet was the most famous for his poem “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard." Thomas Gray was born on December 26, 1716 in Cornhill section of London, England. He was the only child in his family. In 1764 he had an operation from which he never recovered. At the age of fifty-five, Gray suffered a violent attack of gout 痛风in the stomach and finally died in his room on July 30, 1771 in Cambridge, London. He was buried beside his beloved mother at Stoke Poges churchyard, the scene of the "Elegy".斯托克波吉斯(英国英格兰白金汉郡南部村庄，据信为格雷的《墓园挽歌》的背景地)Stoke Poges churchyardHe toured around Europe with Horace Walpole, author of the world famous Gothic novel The Castle of Otranto《奥特兰托的古堡》. In 1768 he was made Professor of History and Modern Languages at Cambridge. In his lifetime, he was known as one of the most learned persons and a very successful poet. He was not sociable. He declined the Poet Laureateship in 1657 and led a peaceful life as a scholar.名作墓园挽歌的作者在所有早期的浪漫主义诗人中,学识最为渊博,性格也最为通达. 年青时,他体质非常孱弱, 是他们家十二个孩子中惟一幸存的一位.他的童年很不幸,父亲很粗暴,并且后来他离开他深爱的母亲,不幸的童年使他的一生在忧郁中度过, 在他的所有诗作中都可看到这种伤感风格.墓园挽歌弥漫着淡淡的忧伤,它是早期浪漫主义诗歌的标志,是那个时代最完美的诗,它属于那个时代.读弥尔顿的深思的人和格雷的挽歌就等于看到了占据英国诗人思想一个多世纪的”忧伤文学”的开端和完美阶段.Comments on Gray Gray’s literary out put was small. He wrote slowly and carefully. His poems are characterized by an exquisite sense of form. His masterpiece Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard once and for all established his fame as the leader of sentimentalist poetry and the spokesman of the Graveyard School.What is an elegy? A lyric poem lamenting the death of anindividual. It is usually formal in language and structure, and solemn or even melancholy in tone.What is the poem’s stanza form? Quatrain 四行诗What is the rhyme scheme of the elegy? abab (the first line rhymes with the third line, and the second line rhymes with the fourth line) What is the meter of the elegy? Iambic pentameter. (each line has ten syllables, an unstressed syllable is followed by a stressed syllable; it is iambic. Each line has five feet. )不妨把挽歌的前8行重复朗读几遍，就可以感受到作者高超的诗艺了。

墓园挽歌

Elegy Written in a CountryChurch-Yarkby Thomas Gray翻译101 陆晓琴10110108Thomas Gray Works Poem AnalyseThomas Gray•Thomas Gray (26December 1716 –30 July1771), was an Englishpoet,one of the mostimportant poets of theeighteenth century,classicalscholar and professor atCambridge University.•born on December 26, 1716•At the age of eight, he was sent to Eton •met Horace Walpole,Thomas Ashton, Richard West•formed the Quadruple Alliance •entered Peterhouse College•left without a degree for a three-year Continental tour•In 1741 returned to London•his father died•moved to the Village of Stoke Poges•Richard West died•achieved his degree of Bachelor of Civil Law in 1743 at Cambridge•In 1768 he became a professor of modern history at Cambridge•died on July 30, 1771 in Cambridge, buried at Stoke Poges churchyard, the scene of the "Elegy"•the graveyard school, estabished his fame as the poet laureateship•he declined the social activities•his literary output was small •characterized by an exquisite sense of form•style was sophisticated and allusiveWorks PoemsOde on the SpringOde on the Death of a Favourite CatOde on a Distant Prospect of Eton College Hymn to AdversityThe Progress of PoesyThe BardThe Fatal SistersThe Descent of OdinThe Triumphs of OwenElegy written in a Country Church-yark•墓园挽歌（卞之琳译）•托马斯·格雷•暮钟声声，宣告白日即将隐去，•牛群悠悠，如清风刮过低洼的草地。

译文｜艾略特：玄学派诗人（李赋宁译）

译文｜艾略特：玄学派诗人（李赋宁译）本文来源：《现代教育和古典文学》（艾略特文集·论文），[英]托·斯·艾略特著，李赋宁、王恩衷等译，上海译文出版社，2012 转自：黄灿然小站从一代人的作品中收集了这些诗[1]，格里尔森教授作出了相当重要的贡献，因为这些作品常被人们提到，而不是被人们阅读，即使阅读了也没有得到很多启迪。

的确，读者会遇到许多已收在其他选集里的诗篇，同时也发现收集在里面的还有像奥雷里安·汤森[2]或彻伯里的赫伯特勋爵[3]这一类人的诗篇。

但是像这样一个选集的作用不同于圣茨伯里教授编辑的查理王朝诗人的极好选集或《牛津英诗选》的作用。

格里尔森先生的书本身就是一部评论著作，而且也是一部激发评论的著作。

我们认为他收集了这么多首从别处也能找到的（尽管版本并不很多）多恩的诗篇，作为“玄学诗歌”的记录证明他的这一做法是正确的。

“玄学诗歌”这个名称长期以来用作贬义词，或用作一种古雅和诙谐趣味的代号。

问题是在多大程度上这些所谓的玄学诗人们形成了一个学派（在我们的时代，我们应称作一种“运动”），以及在多大程度上这个所谓的学派或运动背离了诗歌的主流。

不仅给玄学诗歌下定义是极为困难的，而且想要确定哪些诗人写的是玄学诗，以及在他们的哪些诗篇里他们这样做，也是很困难的。

多恩的诗歌（与任何其他作家相比，马韦尔和金主教[4]有时与多恩更为近似）是属于伊丽莎白时代晚期的，其情调常常和查普曼的情调极为相似。

“优雅”诗是从琼森派生出来的，琼森又大量借鉴了拉丁诗；优雅诗到了下一个世纪随着普赖耶[5]的柔情和妙语的出现而告终结。

最后还有这些人的虔诚诗：赫伯特[6]、沃恩[7]和克拉肖[8]（很长时间以后被克里斯蒂娜·罗塞蒂和弗朗西斯·汤普森[9]所模仿）；较其他诗人有时更深刻、更少宗派性，克拉肖有一种特征，这种特征通过伊丽莎白时代回到了早期意大利人的时代。

很难找到对于暗喻、明喻或其他奇想怪喻的任何明确的运用，既是这些诗人所共有的特点，又同时作为一种风格的重要因素，足以把这些诗人游离出来成为一个群体。

ElegyWritten in a Country Church yard

ELEGY The term "elegy" usually refers to a poem written in a particular meter. During Gray's time, this term was applied to longish, serious poem, reflecting on death--in general or death--in a specific person. Gray always ends his "Elegy" with epitaph--a poem short enough to be epitaph--a inscribed on a particular person's tombstone.
Since the 16th century elegies have been featured not by their form but by their content, which is invariably melancholy and centers on death. The best known elegy in English is Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray, which treats not just a single death but the human condition as well. A distinct category of elegy, the pastoral elegy, has its roots in Greek and Sicilian poetry of the 3rd and 2nd centuries B. C. Pastoral elegies mourn a subject by representing the mourner and the subject as shepherds in a pastoral setting. The most famous example is John Milton’s Lycidas. Milton’ Lycidas.

(完整word版)英美文学试题

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers。

Choose the one that best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.1. _D__ is not the best representative of the English humanists in the English humanists in the Renaissance。

P9—line3～4A。

Thomas more B. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. Edmund Spenser2。

_D__ does not belong to Christopher Marlowe’s play。

P20A. TamburlaineB. Dr。

FaustusC. The Jew of Malta D。

Hero and Leander3. _B__ is regarded as the pioneer of English drama. P22A。

William Shakespeare B. Christopher MarloweC。

Edmund Spenser D. John Donne4。

__A_ are Shakespeare’s two narrative poems. P29A。

Venus and Adonis B. The Two Noble KinsmenC. The Rape of lucreceD. The Winter's Tale5. English Renaissance Period was an age of __B__。

A. prose and novel B。

poetry and dramaC。

英美诗歌赏析(英文版)

1墓园挽歌：托马斯·格雷（Thomas Gray，1716-1771）是感伤主义诗歌的代表诗人。

他最著名的诗歌是便是《墓园挽歌》，并因此同写过《夜吟死亡》（Nitht-Piece on Death,1721）的托马斯·帕达尔（Thomas Parnell, 1679-1718）,写过《坟墓》（The Grave, 1743）的罗伯特·布莱尔（Robert Blair，1699-1746）和写过《夜思》（Night Thoughts，1742）的爱德华·杨格（Edward Yong,1683-1765）等人一道被称为“墓园派诗人”。

《墓园挽歌》是“感伤主义”的代表作，常被批评家誉为十八世纪乃至英国历来最好的诗歌。

这首诗有着这样独特的地位，主要是因为它凝聚了每个时期中的某种社会情绪，用比较完美的形式表达了这种情绪，在一定程度上解决了如何革新旧传统的问题，具有较高的艺术成就。

这首诗写诗人流连在乡村的墓园里，望着一座座平民百姓的墓石，他思考了狠毒。

这些人默默无闻，劳作终身，死后埋葬简陋的墓地里，他们身前也有过报复，经历过悲欢离合。

回忆中，诗人对他们寄予深切的同情，对骄奢淫逸的权贵做了温和的批评，并指出：不论身前多么荣华富贵，死亡对于每个人来说都是平等的。

既然大家殊途同归，人们就应该以一种豁达的态度来面对人生。

这首诗共32 节，每节有四行五步抑扬格组成，以abab 押韵。

总体上来说，这首诗在形式上采用了古典主义的格式，但在内容上却显示了感伤主义和浪漫主义的新特征。

诗人在晚钟时分步入墓园：晚钟殷殷响，夕阳已西沉。

群牛呼叫归，迂回走草径。

农夫荷锄犁，倦倦回家门。

唯我立狂野，独自对黄昏。

（The curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea,The ploughman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.）开头一段描写了天黑时分牧人赶着牛群徐徐入村，农人们经历了一天的劳累拖着疲惫的步伐回家的景象，把恬静的乡村生活如风景画般的呈现在了我们面前。

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Poetic Structure and Rhyme Scheme
The rhyme scheme of Ode On The Death Of A Favorite Cat Drowned In A Tub Of Goldfishes is AABCCB. The poetic structure of the poem is a Thematic Structure.
Summary
The cat was just trying to get some food when it fell in to a tub of goldfishes where it eventually died. The cat was tempted by the fish swimming around and finally gave into that temptation. The cat tried its best to survive but it just couldn’t stop itself from drowning. The cat even tried to call to a water god to rescue it but it never received help.
Historical, literary, and social context for poem
When Thomas Gray wrote this poem his best friends cat had just died. Thomas Gray wrote this poem to try and cheer up his friend. That is way he made the poem a comedic poem.
Poem Overview
The poem is meant to be a comedic outlook on a tragic event. The tragic event in the poem is the death of the man’s favorite cat. The comedy is that it drowned in a tub of goldfishes.
Accomplishments
Thomas Gray was a well recognized poet in England. He was one of the finest poets from England at the time. When he died a monument was erected in his honor. He is known as one of England’s finest poets. When he was alive he was awarded many honors for his poetic works.
Байду номын сангаас
Thomas Gray
Brian Buchter and Ryan Fox http://rpo.librar y.utoronto.ca
Biography
Thomas Gray was born December 26, 1716 at 41 Cornhill London. He was one of twelve children. He was the only one to survive childhood out of his brothers and sisters. From 1725 to 1734, Gray attended Eton college. His mother paid for his education. At college, he took interest in entomology and botany, along with poetry classes. In 1742, Gray wrote his most famous poems including Ode on the Spring, Hymn to Ignorance, and Ode to Adversity. In 1747 he got married. In 1748 appeared the first three volume of Dodsley’s collection, which contained Ode on the Spring and the poem Ode on the Death of my Favorite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Goldfishes. Gray died on July 30, 1771. In 1790, a monument to Grays memory was erected in the Stoke Poges.
Form
The form/structure of Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat, Drowned in a Tub Cat, of Goldfishes is a Horatian Ode.
Literary Devices
Gray uses word choice, allusions, and repetition in this poem. He uses allusions when the cat is praying to the water god for help. He repeats that the cat is drowning in a tub of goldfishes many times in this poem. Word choice is the wording that Gray used in the poem. Allusion is when the object in the poem sees things that are not there. Repetition is saying the same thing over and over to get a point across.
Works Cited
Thomas Gray (1716-1771)." (1716http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca. http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca. 20 Apr. 2004. 21 Feb. 2008 <http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poem/885.html>. "The Thomas Gray Archives." . 03 Dec. . 2007. 21 Feb. 2008 </materials/bio.shtml>. "The Dead Kitty in Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favorite)." . 21 Feb 2008 . </view.asp?id=7339>.
Ode On The Death Of A Favorite Cat Drowned In A Tub Of Goldfishes
Twas on a lofty vase's side, Where China's gayest art had dyed. The azure flow's that blow; Demurest of the tabby kind, The pensive Selima, reclined, Gazed on the lake below. Her conscious tail her joy declared; The fair round face, the snowy beard, The velvet of her paws, Her coat, that with the tortoise vies, Her ears of jet, and emerald eyes, She saw: and purred applause. Still had she gazed; but 'midst the tide. Two angel forms were seen to glide, The Genii of the stream; Their scaly armor's Tyrian hue Thro' richest purple to the view Betrayed a golden gleam. The hapless Nymph with wonder saw: A whisker first and then a claw, With many an ardent wish, She stretched in vain to reach the prize. What female heart can gold despise? What cat's averse to fish? The hapless Nymph with wonder saw: A whisker first and then a claw, With many an ardent wish, She stretched in vain to reach the prize. What female heart can gold despise? What cat's averse to fish? Presumptuous Maid! with looks intent Again she stretched, again she bent, Nor knew the gulf between. (Malignant Fate sat by, and smiled) The slippery verge her feet beguiled, She tumbled headlong in. Eight times emerging from the flood She mewed to every watery god, Some speedy aid to send. No Dolphin came, no Nereid stirred; Nor cruel Tom, nor Susan heard. A Favorite has no friend! From hence, ye Beauties, undeceived, Know, one false step is ne'er retrieved, And be with caution bold. Not all that tempts your wandering eyes And heedless hearts is lawful prize, Nor all, that glisters, gold.