[考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编4.doc

管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. Reading ComprehensionReading Comprehension“The word ‘protection’is no longer taboo(禁忌语).”This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy late last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic cause. These leaders, of course, weren’t acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they’d profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned—though few acknowledge it. The Western continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asia, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade. That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debate. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in free trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West. Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Joseph Schumpeter, who said that “creative destruction”was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles. Things have yet to reverse completely. But there’s clearly a negative trend in Western theory and practice. A little hypocrisy(虚伪)is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Look at what’s happening at the IMF(International Monetary Fund). The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions. The time has therefore come for the Asians —who are clearly the new winners in today’s global economy—to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade. Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there’s a real danger that Adam Smith’sprinciples, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us worse off, in one way or another.1．It can be inferred that “protection”(Line 1, Para. 1)means______.A．improving economic efficiencyB．ending the free-trade practiceC．lowering moral standardD．raising trade tariffs正确答案：D解析：该词出现在文章第一句The word“protection”is no longer taboo．“protection不再是禁语了”。

管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编5(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：5，分数：50.00)Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs"s board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman"s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was taking up too much time, she said. Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm"s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive"s proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms. But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough time may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.(1).According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for______.A.gaining excessive profitsB.failing to fulfill her duty √C.refusing to make compromisesD.leaving the board in tough times本题信息点是Ms．Simmons was criticized(Simmons受到批评)，该信息出现在第一段第三句话…Simmons was under fire…中，其中under fire意为“受到攻击”，即“受到批评”之意。

管理类专业学位联考（综合能力）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. 逻辑推理逻辑推理1．[2004年GRK真题]小红装病逃学了一天，大明答应为她保密。

事后，知道事情底细的老师对大明说，我和你一样，都认为违背承诺是一件不好的事；但是，人和人的交往，事实上默认一个承诺，这就是说真话，任何谎言都违背这一承诺。

因此，如果小红确实装病逃学，那么，即使你已经承诺为她保密，也应该对我说实话。

要使老师的话成立，以下哪项是必须假设的?A．说谎比违背其他承诺更有害。

B．有时，违背承诺并不是一件坏事。

C．任何默认的承诺都比表达的承诺更重要。

D．违背默认的承诺有时要比违背表达的承诺更不好。

E．每一个人都不应该违背任何承诺。

正确答案：D解析：题干中，老师提及了两个承诺，表达的承诺(大明对小红的承诺)和默认的承诺(说真话)。

老师认为，当两个承诺冲突时，选择默认的承诺，即大明应当选择说真话。

这其中隐含假设，即如D项所述“违背默认的承诺有时要比违背表达的承诺更不好”。

知识模块：假设2．[2004年MPA真题]一般而言，科学家怀着进行重要的新科研的目标进入他们的领域，并且被那些具有相似动机的同事所接受。

所以，当某位科学家作为向普通听众解释科学的人而获得声誉时，大多数其他科学家会认为这位名人不能再被视为一位真正的同事。

以上提供的关于普及者不为从事研究的科学家们尊重的解释假定是：A．严肃的科学研究不是一项个人的活动，而是要依赖一群同事的积极协作。

B．从事研究的科学家们不把他们所嫉妒的有名的科学家们视为同事。

C．一位科学家可以在没有完成任何重要研究的情况下成为一位知名人士。

D．从事研究的科学家认为那些因成为科学名人而为大众所知的人没有动力去从事重要的新研究。

E．那些自己不是科学家的人不能去进行并且也不能准确评价任何重要的新研究。

正确答案：D解析：题于中，得到从事研究的科学家尊重是由于他与这些科学家的动机相似，即进行重要的新科研。

管理类专业学位联考（综合能力）历年真题试卷汇编4(总分50,考试时间90分钟)3. 逻辑推理1. [2011年真题]某公司总裁曾经说过，当前任总裁批评我时，我不喜欢那感觉，因此，我不会批评我的继任者。

以下哪项最可能是该总裁上述言论的假设?A. 当遇到该总裁的批评时，她的继任者和她的感觉不完全一致。

B. 只有该总裁的继任者喜欢被批评的感觉，她才会批评继任者。

C. 如果该总裁喜欢被批评，那么前任总裁的批评也不例外。

D. 该总裁不喜欢批评她的继任者，但喜欢批评其他人。

E. 该总裁不喜欢被前任总裁批评，但喜欢被其他人批评。

2. [2008年MBA真题]张珊获得的奖金比李思的高，得知王武的奖金比苗晓琴的高后，可知张珊的奖金也比苗晓琴的高。

以下各项假设均能使上述推论成立，除了：A. 王武的奖金比李思的高。

B. 李思的奖金比苗晓琴的高。

C. 李思的奖金比王武的高。

D. 李思的奖金和王武的一样高。

E. 张珊的奖金不比王武的低。

3. [2008年GRK真题]在高速公路上行驶时，许多司机都会超速。

因此，如果规定所有汽车都必须安装一种装置，这种装置在汽车超速时会发出声音提醒司机减速，那么，高速公路上的交通事故将会明显减少。

上述论证依赖于以下哪项假设?I．在高速公路上超速行驶的司机，大都没有意识到自己超速。

Ⅱ．高速公路上发生交通事故的重要原因，是司机超速行驶。

Ⅲ．上述装置的价格十分昂贵。

A. 只有I。

B. 只有Ⅱ。

C. 只有Ⅲ。

D. 只有I和Ⅱ。

E. I，Ⅱ和Ⅲ。

4. [2008年MPA真题]在植物试验中，植物学家利用植物标本间的差别把长叶草分为9类。

但是这种划分是错误的，因为在用来区分的样本中，有6类标本都同时取自同一区域。

以下哪项假设最可能是以上推理的前提?A. 生活在同一地区同一时代的许多植物种类也有可能很相似。

B. 长叶草的每个种类，至少会有一个被制作成标本保存下来。

C. 没有一个区域同时会有超过4种以上的植物种类。

管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编6(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：5，分数：50.00)Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human being—executive, specialized expert, or person in the street — encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it. A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the "losing" faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn't end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings. There is a better. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, "It isn't who is right, but what is right, that counts." The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it's possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match. The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn't possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, it's possible to organize the experts' information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group: it's a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph we can learn that______.（分数：2.00）A.executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the streetB.very few people decide before they thinkC.those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do soD.people tend to consider carefully before making decisions(2).Judging from the context, what does the word "them"(Line 4, Paragraph 2)refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Decision makers.B.The "losing" faction.C.Anger, resentment, and jealousy.D.Other people.(3).Aldous Huxley's remark(Paragraph 3)implies that______.（分数：2.00）A.there is a subtle difference between right and wrongB.we cannot tell who is right and what is wrongC.what is right is more important than who is rightD.what is right accounts for the question who is right(4).According to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is______.（分数：2.00）A.to make decision by debateB.to apply the Internet and wireless computer technologyC.to brake on the thinking process, slowing it downD.to create a level of conceptual clarity(5).The structured-inquiry process can be useful for______.（分数：2.00）A.decision makersB.intelligence analysis meetingC.the experts' informationD.marketing focus groupsSport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator(the television audience)will be the priority and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business. The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review "Sports Illustrated " recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present, they could watch from the trainer's stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposal will be the sane options the producer of the recorded programmer has to select replays, to choose which camera to me and to decide on the sound whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on. Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever. It is also the argument of these sports executives that television harming the modest team. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great events continually attract larger audience. The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world. The most visionary executives go further. That philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport why not have sports taken over television?（分数：10.00）(1).What does the writer mean by use of the phrase "an indissoluble marriage" in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Sport is combined with television.B.Sport controls television.C.Television dictates sports.D.Sport and television will go their own ways.(2).What does "they" in Line 2, Paragraph 2 stand for?（分数：2.00）A.Broadcasts.B.Channels.C.Spectators.D.Technologies.(3).How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies?（分数：2.00）A.They are too old to do anything.B.They feel ill at ease.C.They feel completely at home.D.Technologies can go hand in hand with sports.(4).What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.The philosophy of visionary executives.B.The process of television taking over sport.C.Television coverage expansion.D.An example to show how sport has taken over television.(5).What might be the appropriate title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The Arguments of Sports ExecutivesB.The Philosophy of Visionary ExecutivesC.Sports and Television in the 21 st CenturyD.Sports: A BusinessConvenience food helps companies by creating growth, but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization, the microwave is the last enemy. The communion of eating together is easily brokenby a device that liberates households citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150,000 years could be destroyed. Meals have certainly sated from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the day's first meal has all but disappeared. In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the corn flake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar. Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook, one of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minutes a day in 2002, the number of cooks and television programmer on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn't a paradox. Maybe it is because people can't cook any more, so they need to be told how to do it, or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies—golf, yachting—not about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby. Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silverstein's new book, "trading up" look at mid-range consumer's milling now to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cook pot, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the "kitchen as theater" trend in hour goods. They cost from $1,000 to $9,000. Some 75% of them are never used. Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, of food, of course there is nothing bad about ready to eat food itself. You don't get much healthier than an apple, and supermarkets sell a better for you range of ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat, and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fat. The three Harvard economists in their paper "Why have Americans become more obese?" point out that in the past, if people wanted to eat fatty hot food, they had to cook it. That took time and energy a good chip needs frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy, which discouraged of consumption of that cost of food. Mass preparation of food took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut and double cook their own fries these days. Who has the time?（分数：10.00）(1).What might the previous paragraphs deal with?（分数：2.00）A.The relationship between meals and convenience food.B.The importance of convenience food in people's life.C.The rise of convenience food.D.The history of food industry.(2).What is the paradox in the third paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.People don't know how to cook.B.The facilities in the kitchen are not totally used.C.People are becoming more obese, thus unhealthy.D.Convenience food actually does not save people thrift.(3).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.The bad effects of convenience food.B.Mr. Silverstein's new book.C.People's new hobby.D.Disappearance of the old symbol of togetherness.(4).Why has American become more obese?（分数：2.00）A.Because of eating chips.B.Because of being busy.C.Because of being lazy.D.B and C(5).Which of the following might the author mostly agree with?（分数：2.00）A.There is nothing bad about convenience food.B.Convenience food makes people lazy.C.Convenience food helps companies grow.D.Convenience food is a revolution in cooking.Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column, there are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting publichealth by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of poor diet. The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free business from public health regulations. But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt, or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's. They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking. "Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK's children's doctors. Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behavior. Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisement for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calories fast food in the same way as cigarettes - by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said. Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said. Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front." He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals — areas within which takeaways cannot open. A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this." The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.[*]（分数：10.00）(1).Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of New Boeing and Airbus aircraft.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).It has been documented that during World War II, America's armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight compositions certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft. The answer, says Dr. Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, scientists have known that birds wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%. When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr. Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to assemble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionallychange places so all could have a turn in the most favorable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel(coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter. There are, of course, knots to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr. Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not in the intimate groupings favored by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organization has included the possibility of formation flying in blueprint for new operational guidelines. It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes' wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr. Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights. As is happens, America's armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the program has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, but Dr. Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated. "My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of Lancaster lost over Berlin," he adds. So he should know.（分数：10.00）A.TrueB.FalseA.TrueB.FalseA.TrueB.FalseA.TrueB.FalseA.TrueB.False。

[考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考综合能力逻辑（概念间的关系与三段论(图解法)、模态命题）模拟试卷21 兰教授认为，不善于思考的人不可能成为一名优秀的管理者，没有一个谦逊的智者学习占星术。

占星家均学习占星术，但是有些占星家却是优秀的管理者。

以下哪项如果为真，最能反驳兰教授的上述观点?（A）善于思考的人都是谦逊的智者。

（B）有些善于思考的人不是谦逊的智者。

（C）谦逊的智者都不是善于思考的人。

（D）所有谦逊的智者都是善于思考的人。

（E）有些占星家不是优秀的管理者。

2 在某次综合性学术年会上，物理学会作学术报告的人都来自高校；化学学会作学术报告的人有些来自高校，但是大部分来自中学；其他作学术报告者均来自科学院。

来自高校的学术报告者都具有副教授以上的职称，来自中学的学术报告者都具有中教高级以上职称。

李默、张嘉参加了这次综合性学术年会，李默并非来自中学，张嘉并非来自高校。

以上陈述如果为真。

可以得出以下哪项结论?（A）张嘉如果作了学术报告，那么他不是物理学会的。

（B）张嘉不具有副教授以上职称。

（C）李默不是化学学会的。

（D）张嘉不是物理学会的。

（E）李默如果作了学术报告，那么他不是化学学会的。

3 概念A与概念B之间有交叉关系，当且仅当：(1)存在对象X，X既属于A又属于B。

(2)存在对象Y，Y属于A但不属于B。

(3)存在对象Z，属于B但不属于A。

根据上述定义，以下哪项中划线的两个概念之间有交叉关系?（A）国画按题材分主要有<u>人物画</u>、花鸟画、山水画等等；按技法分主要有<u>工笔画</u>和写意画等等。

（B）《<u>盗梦空间</u>》除了是<u>最佳影片</u>的有力争夺者外，它在技术类奖项的争夺中也将有所斩获。

（C）<u>洛邑小学30岁的食堂总经理</u>为了改善伙食，在食堂放了几个意见本，征求<u>学生们</u>的意见。

[考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考综合能力（作文）历年真题试卷汇编18论证有效性分析1 2011年10月真题我国的个人所得税从1980年开始征收，当时起征点为800元人民币。

最近几年起征点为2000元，个人所得税总额逐年上升，已经超过2000亿元。

随着居民基本生活开支的上涨，国家决定从2011年9月将个税起征点提高到3500元，顺应了大多数人的意愿。

从个人短期利益上来看，提高起征点确实能减少一部分中低收入者的税收，看似有利于普通老百姓。

但是，如果冷静地分析，其结果却正好相反。

中国实行税收累进率制度，也就是说工资越高所缴纳的税率也越高。

请设想，如果将2000元的个税起征点提高到10000元。

虽然，极少数月工资超过30000元的人可能缴更多的税，但是绝大多数人的个税会减少，只是减少的数额不同。

原来工资低于2000元，1分钱的好处也没有得到；拿2000元工资的人只是减轻了几十元的税；而拿8000元工资的人则减轻了几百元的税收。

收入越高，减少的越多，贫富差距自然会被进一步拉大。

同时，由于税收起征点上调，国家的税收大幅度减少，政府就更没有能力为中低收入者提供医疗、保险、教育等公共服务，结果还是对穷人不利。

所以说，建议提高个税起征点的人，或者是听到提高起征点就高兴的人，在捅破这层窗户纸以后，他们也不得不承认这一客观真理：提高个税起征点有利于富人，不利于老百姓。

如果不局限在经济层面讨论问题，转到从社会与政治角度考虑，问题就更清楚了。

原来以2000元为起征点，有50％以上为非纳税人，如果提高到3500元，中国的纳税人就只剩下20％了，80％的国民不纳税，必定引起政治权利的失衡。

降低起征点，扩大纳税人的比例，不仅可以缩小贫富差距，还可以培养全民的公民意识。

纳税人只有承担了纳税义务，才能享受纳税者的权利。

如果没有纳税，人民对国家就会失去主人翁的责任感，就不可能有强烈的公民意识，也就会失去或放弃监督政府部门的权利。

所以，为了培养全国民众的公民意识，为了缩小贫富差距，为了建设和谐社会，我们应该适当地降低个税起征点。

管理类专业学位联考综合能力（作文）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 4. 写作写作论证有效性分析1．2004年10月真题有两个人去深山打猎，遇到一只凶猛的老虎，其中一人扔下行囊，撒腿就跑。

另一人朝他喊：“跑有什么用，你跑得过老虎吗?”头一个人边跑边说：“我不需要跑赢老虎，只要能跑赢你就够了。

”这个故事告诉我们，企业经营首先要考虑的就是如何战胜竞争对手，因为顾客不是选择你，就是选择你的竞争者，所以只要在满足顾客需求上比竞争者快一点，你就能够脱颖而出，战胜对手。

要想跑得比老虎快，是企业战略幼稚的表现，追求过高的竞争目标会白白浪费企业的大量资源。

正确答案：值得商榷的论证上文以“老虎追捕两猎人”的事例类比企业之间的关系，看似有据，实则无理。

首先，上文将人与人的关系仅仅局限于竞争之中，就忽视了合作在这一危急时刻的巨大作用。

这是作者的片面分析。

在企业发展的历程之中，企业之间的关系不再局限于竞争，在当今经济全球化的大背景之下，合作早已超出竞争成为许多公司谋求发展的一大战略。

合作推动了技术革新，拉动了人才就业、经济增长，更为企业和社会带来了丰厚的红利，因此，企业经营首先考虑的不一定是如何战胜竞争对手，而很可能是如何形成一种双赢的竞争关系。

其次，上文认为，现代企业之间的竞争，追求的就是一个速度。

所谓“兵贵神速”“先发制人”，这不都是博大精深的中华文化留给我们的至理名言吗?但是，将这些思想一成不变照搬到今时今日的大环境中来，却又变得墨守成规，有待商榷。

今日的企业竞争是多方位的竞争，核心问题就是谁能更好地满足客户的需求。

而这些，又体现在产品的质量、信息的速度、产品与客户的匹配度以及产品的价格等诸多方面，因此，片面地认为企业竞争的核心在于“速度”，本身就是错误的理念，是在逻辑中犯了“以偏概全”的大忌，这种思想极可能为企业招致面临淘汰的僵局。

再次，上文提到“人不可能跑得比老虎快”，由此推知企业不可能走在顾客需求前面。

管理类专业学位联考（综合能力）历年真题试卷汇编26(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. 逻辑推理逻辑推理1．[2001年MBA真题]在某校新当选的校学生会的七名委员中，有一个大连人，两个北方人，一个福州人，两个特长生(即有特殊专长的学生)，三个贫困生(即有特殊经济困难的学生)。

假设上述介绍涉及了该学生会中的所有委员，则以下各项关于该学生会委员的断定都与题干不矛盾，除了：A．两个特长生都是贫困生。

B．贫困生不都是南方人。

C．特长生都是南方人。

D．大连人是特长生。

E．福州人不是贫困生。

正确答案：A解析：若A项断定为真，则“两个特长生，三个贫困生”共三个人。

“一个大连人，两个北方人”，因为大连人属于北方人，所以共两人。

还有一个福州人，若不属于上述中的任何一类，则可得到所有委员最多有六人，与题干中“七名委员”矛盾，因此A项一定不为真。

知识模块：技法2．[2001年MPA真题]在一次选举中，统计显示，有人投了所有候选人的赞成票。

如果统计是真实的，那么下列哪项也必定是真实的?A．对每个候选人来说，都有选民投了他的赞成票。

B．对所有候选人都投赞成票的不止一人。

C．有人没有投所有候选人的赞成票。

D．不可能所有的候选人都当选。

E．所有的候选人都可以当选。

正确答案：A解析：题干中，“有人投了所有候选人的赞成票”即“所有候选人都有人投赞成票”，因此正确答案为A。

知识模块：技法3．[2000年GRK真题]通过调查得知，并非所有个体商贩都有偷税、逃税行为。

如果上述调查的结论是真实的，则以下哪项一定为真?A．所有个体商贩都没有偷税、逃税行为。

B．多数个体商贩都有偷税、逃税行为。

C．’并非有的个体商贩没有偷税、逃税行为。

D．并非有的个体商贩有偷税、逃税行为。

E．有的个体商贩确实没有偷税、逃税行为。

正确答案：E解析：题干中的命题是“所有个体商贩都有偷税、逃税行为”的负命题，与之相等的逻辑命题是“有的个体商贩没有偷税、逃税行为”，因此E项一定为真。

管理类专业学位联考英语（写作）历年真题试卷汇编1(总分：8.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Writing(总题数：4，分数：8.00)1.Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to1)congratulate him/her, and2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead. Do not write the address.__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Dear Li Ming, Congratulations on your being admitted to Peking University. Your hard work has paid off and we"re all so proud of you. It is advisable to think about how to get prepared for the university life in advance before setting out for the new journey. To begin with, get ready for the independence of parents in life and emotion. More importantly, get ready to place as much emphasis on academic achievements as on interpersonal communication. I wish you have a brilliant start in university life and do not hesitate to contact me if you have any problem. Yours sincerely, Zhang Wei)2.You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to 1)Express your thanks for his / her warm reception;2)Welcome him / her to visit China in due course. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead. Do not write your address.__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Dear President, I am writing this letter in purpose of expressing my appreciation for your hospitality accorded to me and my delegation during our visit to your company. During the entire visit, my delegation and I were overwhelmed by the enthusiasm expressed by you and your faculty members. I sincerely hope we could have more exchanges like this one so that we could be able to further our communication to explore the feasible ways to expand our cooperation.I am looking forward to your early visit to China, when I will be able to pay back the hospitality we received. With kind personal regards. Faithfully yours, Zhang Wei)3.Write an essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should(1)interpret the chart and(2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2.__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案： As is illustrated in the chart, the market share taken by home-made cars increased rapidly from 25% in 2008 to nearly 35% in 2009, while the market share owned by Japanese cars dropped from 35% in 2008 to 25% in 2008. Obviously, the market share of home-made cars and Japanese cars has significantly changed. What accounts for the change? In my view at least three factors contribute to the change. To begin with, the change is closely related to the self-owned technologies embraced in cars and the enhanced qualities. More importantly, the change has much to do with the turning of people"s attitude and outlook on car brands. The smart marketing made by domestic enterprises also stimulates the sale of home-made cars. With the development of Chinese car industry, the change is bound to continue for a few years in the future. As far as I am concerned, it is a positive change and should be encouraged, for it is beneficial not only to consumers, but for the development of home car industry.)4.In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Writeyour essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案： As is seen from the chart, the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries have a steady but slight increase from 2000 to 2007 and then remain constant between 2007 and 2008. Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries have experienced a slow increase from 2000 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 2008. What accounts for the difference? In my view, at least three factors contribute to the change. To begin with, the developed countries have a limited number of populations and therefore, the spreading of the mobile phone service is efficient and soon the market is saturated. More importantly, the developing countries have a large population, which constitute a large demand for mobile service. As the mobile phone service becomes cheaper and cheaper, the increasing customers subscribe to benefit from this service. Of course, the improvement of people"s living standard of developing countries greatly pushes up the consumption of life facilities. With the advancement of developing countries, an increasing number of people will subscribe mobile phones. In my opinion, it"s a positive trend, for it not only brings conveniences to people"s life, but stimulate the development of society.)。